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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import {
    ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol";
import { Math } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";

import { Constants } from "../libraries/Constants.sol";
import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { SafeCall } from "../libraries/SafeCall.sol";
import { Types } from "../libraries/Types.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { ValidatorRewardVault } from "../L2/ValidatorRewardVault.sol";
import { KromaPortal } from "./KromaPortal.sol";
import { L2OutputOracle } from "./L2OutputOracle.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @title ValidatorPool
 * @notice The ValidatorPool determines whether the validator is present and manages the validator's deposit.
 */
contract ValidatorPool is ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice The gas limit to use when rewarding validator in the ValidatorRewardVault on L2.
     *         This value is measured through simulation.
     */
    uint64 public constant VAULT_REWARD_GAS_LIMIT = 100000;

    /**
     * @notice The numerator of the tax.
     */
    uint128 public constant TAX_NUMERATOR = 20;

    /**
     * @notice The denominator of the tax.
     */
    uint128 public constant TAX_DENOMINATOR = 100;

    /**
     * @notice The address of the L2OutputOracle contract. Can be updated via upgrade.
     */
    L2OutputOracle public immutable L2_ORACLE;

    /**
     * @notice The address of the KromaPortal contract. Can be updated via upgrade.
     */
    KromaPortal public immutable PORTAL;

    /**
     * @notice The address of the SecurityCouncil contract. Can be updated via upgrade.
     */
    address public immutable SECURITY_COUNCIL;

    /**
     * @notice The address of the trusted validator. Can be updated via upgrade.
     */
    address public immutable TRUSTED_VALIDATOR;

    /**
     * @notice The required bond amount. Can be updated via upgrade.
     */
    uint128 public immutable REQUIRED_BOND_AMOUNT;

    /**
     * @notice The max number of unbonds when trying unbond.
     */
    uint256 public immutable MAX_UNBOND;

    /**
     * @notice The duration of a submission round for one output (in seconds).
     *         Note that there are two submission rounds for an output: PRIORITY ROUND and PUBLIC ROUND.
     */
    uint256 public immutable ROUND_DURATION;

    /**
     * @notice A mapping of balances.
     */
    mapping(address => uint256) internal balances;

    /**
     * @notice The bond corresponding to a specific output index.
     */
    mapping(uint256 => Types.Bond) internal bonds;

    /**
     * @notice The output index to unbond next.
     */
    uint256 internal nextUnbondOutputIndex;

    /**
     * @notice An array of validator addresses.
     */
    address[] internal validators;

    /**
     * @notice The index of the specific address in the validator array.
     */
    mapping(address => uint256) internal validatorIndexes;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the next validator with priority for submitting output.
     */
    address internal nextPriorityValidator;

    /**
     * @notice A mapping of pending bonds that have not yet been included in a bond.
     */
    mapping(uint256 => mapping(address => uint128)) internal pendingBonds;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a validator bonds.
     *
     * @param submitter   Address of submitter.
     * @param outputIndex Index of the L2 checkpoint output index.
     * @param amount      Amount of bonded.
     * @param expiresAt   The expiration timestamp of bond.
     */
    event Bonded(
        address indexed submitter,
        uint256 indexed outputIndex,
        uint128 amount,
        uint128 expiresAt
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the pending bond is added.
     *
     * @param outputIndex Index of the L2 checkpoint output.
     * @param challenger  Address of the challenger.
     * @param amount      Amount of bond added.
     */
    event PendingBondAdded(uint256 indexed outputIndex, address indexed challenger, uint128 amount);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the bond is increased.
     *
     * @param outputIndex Index of the L2 checkpoint output.
     * @param challenger  Address of the challenger.
     * @param amount      Amount of bond increased.
     */
    event BondIncreased(uint256 indexed outputIndex, address indexed challenger, uint128 amount);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the pending bond is released(refunded).
     *
     * @param outputIndex  Index of the L2 checkpoint output.
     * @param challenger   Address of the challenger.
     * @param recipient    Address to receive amount from a pending bond.
     * @param amount       Amount of bond released.
     */
    event PendingBondReleased(
        uint256 indexed outputIndex,
        address indexed challenger,
        address indexed recipient,
        uint128 amount
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a validator unbonds.
     *
     * @param outputIndex Index of the L2 checkpoint output.
     * @param recipient   Address of the recipient.
     * @param amount      Amount of unbonded.
     */
    event Unbonded(uint256 indexed outputIndex, address indexed recipient, uint128 amount);

    /**
     * @notice A modifier that only allows the Colosseum contract to call
     */
    modifier onlyColosseum() {
        require(msg.sender == L2_ORACLE.COLOSSEUM(), "ValidatorPool: sender is not Colosseum");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.1
     *
     * @param _l2OutputOracle     Address of the L2OutputOracle.
     * @param _portal             Address of the KromaPortal.
     * @param _securityCouncil    Address of the security council.
     * @param _trustedValidator   Address of the trusted validator.
     * @param _requiredBondAmount The required bond amount.
     * @param _maxUnbond          The max number of unbonds when trying unbond.
     * @param _roundDuration      The duration of one submission round in seconds.
     */
    constructor(
        L2OutputOracle _l2OutputOracle,
        KromaPortal _portal,
        address _securityCouncil,
        address _trustedValidator,
        uint256 _requiredBondAmount,
        uint256 _maxUnbond,
        uint256 _roundDuration
    ) Semver(1, 0, 1) {
        L2_ORACLE = _l2OutputOracle;
        PORTAL = _portal;
        SECURITY_COUNCIL = _securityCouncil;
        TRUSTED_VALIDATOR = _trustedValidator;
        REQUIRED_BOND_AMOUNT = uint128(_requiredBondAmount);
        MAX_UNBOND = _maxUnbond;

        // Note that this value MUST be (SUBMISSION_INTERVAL * L2_BLOCK_TIME) / 2.
        ROUND_DURATION = _roundDuration;

        initialize();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer.
     */
    function initialize() public initializer {
        __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Deposit ETH to be used as bond.
     */
    function deposit() external payable {
        _increaseBalance(msg.sender, msg.value);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Withdraw a given amount.
     *
     * @param _amount Amount to withdraw.
     */
    function withdraw(uint256 _amount) external nonReentrant {
        _decreaseBalance(msg.sender, _amount);

        bool success = SafeCall.call(msg.sender, gasleft(), _amount, "");
        require(success, "ValidatorPool: ETH transfer failed");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Bond asset corresponding to the given output index.
     *         This function is called when submitting output.
     *
     * @param _outputIndex Index of the L2 checkpoint output.
     * @param _expiresAt   The expiration timestamp of bond.
     */
    function createBond(uint256 _outputIndex, uint128 _expiresAt) external {
        require(msg.sender == address(L2_ORACLE), "ValidatorPool: sender is not L2OutputOracle");

        Types.Bond storage bond = bonds[_outputIndex];
        require(
            bond.expiresAt == 0,
            "ValidatorPool: bond of the given output index already exists"
        );

        // Unbond the bond of nextUnbondOutputIndex if available.
        _tryUnbond();

        address submitter = L2_ORACLE.getSubmitter(_outputIndex);
        _decreaseBalance(submitter, REQUIRED_BOND_AMOUNT);

        bond.amount = REQUIRED_BOND_AMOUNT;
        bond.expiresAt = _expiresAt;

        emit Bonded(submitter, _outputIndex, REQUIRED_BOND_AMOUNT, _expiresAt);

        // Select the next priority validator
        _updatePriorityValidator();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Adds a pending bond to the challenge corresponding to the given output index and challenger address.
     *         The pending bond is added to the bond when the challenge is proven or challenger is timed out,
     *         or refunded when the challenge is canceled.
     *
     * @param _outputIndex Index of the L2 checkpoint output.
     * @param _challenger  Address of the challenger.
     */
    function addPendingBond(uint256 _outputIndex, address _challenger) external onlyColosseum {
        Types.Bond storage bond = bonds[_outputIndex];
        require(
            bond.expiresAt >= block.timestamp,
            "ValidatorPool: the output is already finalized"
        );

        _decreaseBalance(_challenger, REQUIRED_BOND_AMOUNT);
        pendingBonds[_outputIndex][_challenger] = REQUIRED_BOND_AMOUNT;

        emit PendingBondAdded(_outputIndex, _challenger, REQUIRED_BOND_AMOUNT);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Releases the corresponding pending bond to the given output index and challenger address
     *         if a challenge is canceled.
     *
     * @param _outputIndex  Index of the L2 checkpoint output.
     * @param _challenger   Address of the challenger.
     * @param _recipient    Address to receive amount from a pending bond.
     */
    function releasePendingBond(
        uint256 _outputIndex,
        address _challenger,
        address _recipient
    ) external onlyColosseum {
        uint128 bonded = pendingBonds[_outputIndex][_challenger];
        require(bonded > 0, "ValidatorPool: the pending bond does not exist");
        delete pendingBonds[_outputIndex][_challenger];

        _increaseBalance(_recipient, bonded);
        emit PendingBondReleased(_outputIndex, _challenger, _recipient, bonded);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Increases the bond amount corresponding to the given output index by the pending bond amount.
     *         This is when taxes are charged, and note that taxes are a means of preventing collusive attacks by
     *         the asserter and challenger.
     *
     * @param _outputIndex Index of the L2 checkpoint output.
     * @param _challenger  Address of the challenger.
     */
    function increaseBond(uint256 _outputIndex, address _challenger) external onlyColosseum {
        Types.Bond storage bond = bonds[_outputIndex];
        require(
            bond.expiresAt >= block.timestamp,
            "ValidatorPool: the output is already finalized"
        );

        uint128 pendingBond = pendingBonds[_outputIndex][_challenger];
        require(pendingBond > 0, "ValidatorPool: the pending bond does not exist");
        uint128 tax = (pendingBond * TAX_NUMERATOR) / TAX_DENOMINATOR;
        uint128 increased = pendingBond - tax;
        delete pendingBonds[_outputIndex][_challenger];

        unchecked {
            bond.amount += increased;
            balances[SECURITY_COUNCIL] += tax;
        }

        emit BondIncreased(_outputIndex, _challenger, increased);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Attempt to unbond. Reverts if unbond is not possible.
     */
    function unbond() external {
        bool released = _tryUnbond();
        require(released, "ValidatorPool: no bond that can be unbond");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Attempts to unbond starting from nextUnbondOutputIndex and returns whether at least
     *         one unbond is executed. Tries unbond at most MAX_UNBOND number of bonds and sends
     *         a reward message to L2 for each unbond.
     *
     * @return Whether at least one unbond is executed.
     */
    function _tryUnbond() private returns (bool) {
        uint256 outputIndex = nextUnbondOutputIndex;
        uint128 bondAmount;
        Types.Bond storage bond;
        Types.CheckpointOutput memory output;

        uint256 unbondedNum = 0;
        for (; unbondedNum < MAX_UNBOND; ) {
            bond = bonds[outputIndex];
            bondAmount = bond.amount;

            if (block.timestamp >= bond.expiresAt && bondAmount > 0) {
                delete bonds[outputIndex];
                output = L2_ORACLE.getL2Output(outputIndex);
                _increaseBalance(output.submitter, bondAmount);
                emit Unbonded(outputIndex, output.submitter, bondAmount);

                // Send reward message to L2 ValidatorRewardVault.
                _sendRewardMessageToL2Vault(output);

                unchecked {
                    ++unbondedNum;
                    ++outputIndex;
                }
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }

        if (unbondedNum > 0) {
            unchecked {
                nextUnbondOutputIndex = outputIndex;
            }
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates next priority validator address.
     */
    function _updatePriorityValidator() private {
        uint256 len = validators.length;
        if (len > 0 && nextUnbondOutputIndex > 0) {
            // TODO(pangssu): improve next validator selection
            Types.CheckpointOutput memory output = L2_ORACLE.getL2Output(nextUnbondOutputIndex - 1);
            uint256 validatorIndex = uint256(
                keccak256(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        output.outputRoot,
                        block.number,
                        block.coinbase,
                        block.difficulty,
                        blockhash(block.number - 1)
                    )
                )
            ) % len;

            nextPriorityValidator = validators[validatorIndex];
        } else {
            nextPriorityValidator = address(0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends reward message to ValidatorRewardVault contract on L2 using Portal.
     *
     * @param _output The finalized output.
     */
    function _sendRewardMessageToL2Vault(Types.CheckpointOutput memory _output) private {
        // Pay out rewards via L2 Vault now that the output is finalized.
        PORTAL.depositTransactionByValidatorPool(
            Predeploys.VALIDATOR_REWARD_VAULT,
            VAULT_REWARD_GAS_LIMIT,
            abi.encodeWithSelector(
                ValidatorRewardVault.reward.selector,
                _output.submitter,
                _output.l2BlockNumber
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Increases the balance of the given address. If the balance is greater than the required bond amount,
     *         add the given address to the validator set.
     *
     * @param _validator Address to increase the balance.
     * @param _amount    Amount of balance increased.
     */
    function _increaseBalance(address _validator, uint256 _amount) private {
        uint256 balance = balances[_validator] + _amount;

        if (balance >= REQUIRED_BOND_AMOUNT && !isValidator(_validator)) {
            if (_validator != SECURITY_COUNCIL) {
                validatorIndexes[_validator] = validators.length;
                validators.push(_validator);
            }
        }

        balances[_validator] = balance;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Deceases the balance of the given address. If the balance is less than the required bond amount,
     *         remove the given address from the validator set.
     *
     * @param _validator Address to decrease the balance.
     * @param _amount    Amount of balance decreased.
     */
    function _decreaseBalance(address _validator, uint256 _amount) private {
        uint256 balance = balances[_validator];
        require(balance >= _amount, "ValidatorPool: insufficient balances");
        balance = balance - _amount;

        if (balance < REQUIRED_BOND_AMOUNT && isValidator(_validator)) {
            uint256 lastValidatorIndex = validators.length - 1;
            if (lastValidatorIndex > 0) {
                uint256 validatorIndex = validatorIndexes[_validator];
                address lastValidator = validators[lastValidatorIndex];

                validators[validatorIndex] = lastValidator;
                validatorIndexes[lastValidator] = validatorIndex;
            }
            delete validatorIndexes[_validator];
            validators.pop();
        }

        balances[_validator] = balance;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the bond corresponding to the output index. Reverts if the bond does not exist.
     *
     * @param _outputIndex Index of the L2 checkpoint output.
     *
     * @return The bond data.
     */
    function getBond(uint256 _outputIndex) external view returns (Types.Bond memory) {
        Types.Bond storage bond = bonds[_outputIndex];
        require(bond.amount > 0 && bond.expiresAt > 0, "ValidatorPool: the bond does not exist");
        return bond;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the pending bond corresponding to the output index and challenger address.
     *         Reverts if the pending bond does not exist.
     *
     * @param _outputIndex Index of the L2 checkpoint output.
     * @param _challenger  Address of the challenger.
     *
     * @return Amount of the pending bond.
     */
    function getPendingBond(uint256 _outputIndex, address _challenger)
        external
        view
        returns (uint128)
    {
        uint128 pendingBond = pendingBonds[_outputIndex][_challenger];
        require(pendingBond > 0, "ValidatorPool: the pending bond does not exist");
        return pendingBond;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the balance of given address.
     *
     * @param _addr Address of validator.
     *
     * @return Balance of given address.
     */
    function balanceOf(address _addr) external view returns (uint256) {
        return balances[_addr];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Determines whether the given address is an active validator.
     *
     * @param _addr Address of validator.
     *
     * @return Whether the given address is an active validator.
     */
    function isValidator(address _addr) public view returns (bool) {
        if (validators.length == 0) {
            return false;
        } else if (_addr == address(0)) {
            return false;
        }

        uint256 index = validatorIndexes[_addr];
        return validators[index] == _addr;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the number of validators.
     *
     * @return The number of validators.
     */
    function validatorCount() external view returns (uint256) {
        return validators.length;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Determines who can submit the L2 output next.
     *
     * @return The address of the validator.
     */
    function nextValidator() public view returns (address) {
        if (nextPriorityValidator != address(0)) {
            uint256 l2BlockNumber = L2_ORACLE.nextBlockNumber();
            uint256 l2Timestamp = L2_ORACLE.computeL2Timestamp(l2BlockNumber + 1);
            if (block.timestamp >= l2Timestamp) {
                uint256 elapsed = block.timestamp - l2Timestamp;
                // If the current time exceeds one round time, it is a public round.
                if (elapsed > ROUND_DURATION) {
                    return Constants.VALIDATOR_PUBLIC_ROUND_ADDRESS;
                }
            }

            return nextPriorityValidator;
        } else {
            return TRUSTED_VALIDATOR;
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable is Initializable {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    function __ReentrancyGuard_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained();
    }

    function __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be _NOT_ENTERED
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the reentrancy guard is currently set to "entered", which indicates there is a
     * `nonReentrant` function in the call stack.
     */
    function _reentrancyGuardEntered() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _status == _ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1, "Math: mulDiv overflow");

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { ResourceMetering } from "../L1/ResourceMetering.sol";

/**
 * @title Constants
 * @notice Constants is a library for storing constants. Simple! Don't put everything in here, just
 *         the stuff used in multiple contracts. Constants that only apply to a single contract
 *         should be defined in that contract instead.
 */
library Constants {
    /**
     * @notice Special address to be used as the tx origin for gas estimation calls in the
     *         KromaPortal and CrossDomainMessenger calls. You only need to use this address if
     *         the minimum gas limit specified by the user is not actually enough to execute the
     *         given message and you're attempting to estimate the actual necessary gas limit. We
     *         use address(1) because it's the ecrecover precompile and therefore guaranteed to
     *         never have any code on any EVM chain.
     */
    address internal constant ESTIMATION_ADDRESS = address(1);

    /**
     * @notice Value used for the L2 sender storage slot in both the KromaPortal and the
     *         CrossDomainMessenger contracts before an actual sender is set. This value is
     *         non-zero to reduce the gas cost of message passing transactions.
     */
    address internal constant DEFAULT_L2_SENDER = 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dEaD;

    /**
     * @notice Returns the default values for the ResourceConfig. These are the recommended values
     *         for a production network.
     */
    function DEFAULT_RESOURCE_CONFIG()
        internal
        pure
        returns (ResourceMetering.ResourceConfig memory)
    {
        ResourceMetering.ResourceConfig memory config = ResourceMetering.ResourceConfig({
            maxResourceLimit: 20_000_000,
            elasticityMultiplier: 10,
            baseFeeMaxChangeDenominator: 8,
            minimumBaseFee: 1 gwei,
            systemTxMaxGas: 1_000_000,
            maximumBaseFee: type(uint128).max
        });
        return config;
    }

    /**
     * @notice The denominator of the validator reward.
     *         DO NOT change this value if the L2 chain is already operational.
     */
    uint256 internal constant VALIDATOR_REWARD_DENOMINATOR = 10000;

    /**
     * @notice An address that identifies that current submission round is a public round.
     */
    address internal constant VALIDATOR_PUBLIC_ROUND_ADDRESS = address(type(uint160).max);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Predeploys
 * @notice Contains constant addresses for contracts that are pre-deployed to the L2 system.
 */
library Predeploys {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the ProxyAdmin predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant PROXY_ADMIN = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000000;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L1Block predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000002;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2ToL1MessagePasser predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L2_TO_L1_MESSAGE_PASSER = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000003;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2CrossDomainMessenger predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER =
        0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000004;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the GasPriceOracle predeploy. Includes fee information
     *         and helpers for computing the L1 portion of the transaction fee.
     */
    address internal constant GAS_PRICE_ORACLE = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000005;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the ProtocolVault predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant PROTOCOL_VAULT = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000006;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the ProposerRewardVault predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant PROPOSER_REWARD_VAULT = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000007;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the ValidatorRewardVault predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant VALIDATOR_REWARD_VAULT = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000008;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2StandardBridge predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L2_STANDARD_BRIDGE = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000009;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2ERC721Bridge predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L2_ERC721_BRIDGE = 0x420000000000000000000000000000000000000A;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the KromaMintableERC20Factory predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant KROMA_MINTABLE_ERC20_FACTORY =
        0x420000000000000000000000000000000000000B;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the KromaMintableERC721Factory predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant KROMA_MINTABLE_ERC721_FACTORY =
        0x420000000000000000000000000000000000000c;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

/**
 * @title SafeCall
 * @notice Perform low level safe calls
 */
library SafeCall {
    /**
     * @notice Perform a low level call without copying any returndata
     *
     * @param _target   Address to call
     * @param _gas      Amount of gas to pass to the call
     * @param _value    Amount of value to pass to the call
     * @param _calldata Calldata to pass to the call
     */
    function call(
        address _target,
        uint256 _gas,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _calldata
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        bool _success;
        assembly {
            _success := call(
                _gas, // gas
                _target, // recipient
                _value, // ether value
                add(_calldata, 32), // inloc
                mload(_calldata), // inlen
                0, // outloc
                0 // outlen
            )
        }
        return _success;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Helper function to determine if there is sufficient gas remaining within the context
     *         to guarantee that the minimum gas requirement for a call will be met as well as
     *         optionally reserving a specified amount of gas for after the call has concluded.
     *
     * @param _minGas      The minimum amount of gas that may be passed to the target context.
     * @param _reservedGas Optional amount of gas to reserve for the caller after the execution
     *                     of the target context.
     *
     * @return `true` if there is enough gas remaining to safely supply `_minGas` to the target
     *         context as well as reserve `_reservedGas` for the caller after the execution of
     *         the target context.
     *
     * @dev !!!!! FOOTGUN ALERT !!!!!
     *      1.) The 40_000 base buffer is to account for the worst case of the dynamic cost of the
     *          `CALL` opcode's `address_access_cost`, `positive_value_cost`, and
     *          `value_to_empty_account_cost` factors with an added buffer of 5,700 gas. It is
     *          still possible to self-rekt by initiating a withdrawal with a minimum gas limit
     *          that does not account for the `memory_expansion_cost` & `code_execution_cost`
     *          factors of the dynamic cost of the `CALL` opcode.
     *      2.) This function should *directly* precede the external call if possible. There is an
     *          added buffer to account for gas consumed between this check and the call, but it
     *          is only 5,700 gas.
     *      3.) Because EIP-150 ensures that a maximum of 63/64ths of the remaining gas in the call
     *          frame may be passed to a subcontext, we need to ensure that the gas will not be
     *          truncated.
     *      4.) Use wisely. This function is not a silver bullet.
     */
    function hasMinGas(uint256 _minGas, uint256 _reservedGas) internal view returns (bool) {
        bool _hasMinGas;
        assembly {
            // Equation: gas × 63 ≥ minGas × 64 + 63(40_000 + reservedGas)
            _hasMinGas := iszero(
                lt(mul(gas(), 63), add(mul(_minGas, 64), mul(add(40000, _reservedGas), 63)))
            )
        }
        return _hasMinGas;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Perform a low level call without copying any returndata. This function
     *         will revert if the call cannot be performed with the specified minimum
     *         gas.
     *
     * @param _target   Address to call
     * @param _minGas   The minimum amount of gas that may be passed to the call
     * @param _value    Amount of value to pass to the call
     * @param _calldata Calldata to pass to the call
     */
    function callWithMinGas(
        address _target,
        uint256 _minGas,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _calldata
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        bool _success;
        bool _hasMinGas = hasMinGas(_minGas, 0);
        assembly {
            // Assertion: gasleft() >= (_minGas * 64) / 63 + 40_000
            if iszero(_hasMinGas) {
                // Store the "Error(string)" selector in scratch space.
                mstore(0, 0x08c379a0)
                // Store the pointer to the string length in scratch space.
                mstore(32, 32)
                // Store the string.
                //
                // SAFETY:
                // - We pad the beginning of the string with two zero bytes as well as the
                // length (24) to ensure that we override the free memory pointer at offset
                // 0x40. This is necessary because the free memory pointer is likely to
                // be greater than 1 byte when this function is called, but it is incredibly
                // unlikely that it will be greater than 3 bytes. As for the data within
                // 0x60, it is ensured that it is 0 due to 0x60 being the zero offset.
                // - It's fine to clobber the free memory pointer, we're reverting.
                mstore(88, 0x0000185361666543616c6c3a204e6f7420656e6f75676820676173)

                // Revert with 'Error("SafeCall: Not enough gas")'
                revert(28, 100)
            }

            // The call will be supplied at least ((_minGas * 64) / 63 + 40_000 - 49) gas due to the
            // above assertion. This ensures that, in all circumstances (except for when the
            // `_minGas` does not account for the `memory_expansion_cost` and `code_execution_cost`
            // factors of the dynamic cost of the `CALL` opcode), the call will receive at least
            // the minimum amount of gas specified.
            _success := call(
                gas(), // gas
                _target, // recipient
                _value, // ether value
                add(_calldata, 32), // inloc
                mload(_calldata), // inlen
                0x00, // outloc
                0x00 // outlen
            )
        }
        return _success;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.9;

/**
 * @title Types
 * @notice Contains various types used throughout the Kroma contract system.
 */
library Types {
    /**
     * @notice CheckpointOutput represents a commitment to the state of L2 checkpoint. The timestamp
     *         is the L1 timestamp that the output root is posted. This timestamp is used to verify
     *         that the finalization period has passed since the output root was submitted.
     *
     * @custom:field submitter     Address of the output submitter.
     * @custom:field outputRoot    Hash of the L2 output.
     * @custom:field timestamp     Timestamp of the L1 block that the output root was submitted in.
     * @custom:field l2BlockNumber L2 block number that the output corresponds to.
     */
    struct CheckpointOutput {
        address submitter;
        bytes32 outputRoot;
        uint128 timestamp;
        uint128 l2BlockNumber;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing the elements that are hashed together to generate an output root
     *         which itself represents a snapshot of the L2 state.
     *
     * @custom:field version                  Version of the output root.
     * @custom:field stateRoot                Root of the state trie at the block of this output.
     * @custom:field messagePasserStorageRoot Root of the message passer storage trie.
     * @custom:field blockHash                Hash of the block this output was generated from.
     * @custom:field nextBlockHash            Hash of the next block.
     */
    struct OutputRootProof {
        bytes32 version;
        bytes32 stateRoot;
        bytes32 messagePasserStorageRoot;
        bytes32 blockHash;
        bytes32 nextBlockHash;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing the elements that are hashed together to generate a public input.
     *
     * @custom:field blockHash        The hash of the block.
     * @custom:field parentHash       The hash of the previous block.
     * @custom:field timestamp        The block time.
     * @custom:field number           The block number.
     * @custom:field gasLimit         Maximum gas allowed.
     * @custom:field baseFee          The base fee per gas.
     * @custom:field transactionsRoot Root hash of the transactions.
     * @custom:field stateRoot        Root hash of the state trie.
     * @custom:field withdrawalsRoot  Root hash of the withdrawals.
     * @custom:field txHashes         Array of hash of the transaction.
     */
    struct PublicInput {
        bytes32 blockHash;
        bytes32 parentHash;
        uint64 timestamp;
        uint64 number;
        uint64 gasLimit;
        uint256 baseFee;
        bytes32 transactionsRoot;
        bytes32 stateRoot;
        bytes32 withdrawalsRoot;
        bytes32[] txHashes;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing the elements that are hashed together to generate a block hash.
     *         Some of fields that are contained in PublicInput are omitted.
     *
     * @custom:field uncleHash    RLP encoded uncle hash.
     * @custom:field coinbase     RLP encoded coinbase.
     * @custom:field receiptsRoot RLP encoded receipts root.
     * @custom:field logsBloom    RLP encoded logs bloom.
     * @custom:field difficulty   RLP encoded difficulty.
     * @custom:field gasUsed      RLP encoded gas used.
     * @custom:field extraData    RLP encoded extra data.
     * @custom:field mixHash      RLP encoded mix hash.
     * @custom:field nonce        RLP encoded nonce.
     */
    struct BlockHeaderRLP {
        bytes uncleHash;
        bytes coinbase;
        bytes receiptsRoot;
        bytes logsBloom;
        bytes difficulty;
        bytes gasUsed;
        bytes extraData;
        bytes mixHash;
        bytes nonce;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing a deposit transaction (L1 => L2 transaction) created by an end
     *         user (as opposed to a system deposit transaction generated by the system).
     *
     * @custom:field from        Address of the sender of the transaction.
     * @custom:field to          Address of the recipient of the transaction.
     * @custom:field isCreation  True if the transaction is a contract creation.
     * @custom:field value       Value to send to the recipient.
     * @custom:field mint        Amount of ETH to mint.
     * @custom:field gasLimit    Gas limit of the transaction.
     * @custom:field data        Data of the transaction.
     * @custom:field l1BlockHash Hash of the block the transaction was submitted in.
     * @custom:field logIndex    Index of the log in the block the transaction was submitted in.
     */
    struct UserDepositTransaction {
        address from;
        address to;
        bool isCreation;
        uint256 value;
        uint256 mint;
        uint64 gasLimit;
        bytes data;
        bytes32 l1BlockHash;
        uint64 logIndex;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing a withdrawal transaction.
     *
     * @custom:field nonce    Nonce of the withdrawal transaction
     * @custom:field sender   Address of the sender of the transaction.
     * @custom:field target   Address of the recipient of the transaction.
     * @custom:field value    Value to send to the recipient.
     * @custom:field gasLimit Gas limit of the transaction.
     * @custom:field data     Data of the transaction.
     */
    struct WithdrawalTransaction {
        uint256 nonce;
        address sender;
        address target;
        uint256 value;
        uint256 gasLimit;
        bytes data;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing a challenge.
     *
     * @custom:field turn       The current turn.
     * @custom:field timeoutAt  Timeout timestamp of the next turn.
     * @custom:field asserter   Address of the asserter.
     * @custom:field challenger Address of the challenger.
     * @custom:field segments   Array of the segment.
     * @custom:field segStart   The L2 block number of the first segment.
     * @custom:field segSize    The number of L2 blocks.
     */
    struct Challenge {
        uint8 turn;
        uint64 timeoutAt;
        address asserter;
        address challenger;
        bytes32[] segments;
        uint256 segSize;
        uint256 segStart;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing a validator's bond.
     *
     * @custom:field amount    Amount of the lock.
     * @custom:field expiresAt The expiration timestamp of bond.
     */
    struct Bond {
        uint128 amount;
        uint128 expiresAt;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing multisig transaction data.
     *
     * @custom:field target   The destination address to run the transaction.
     * @custom:field executed Record whether a transaction was executed or not.
     * @custom:field value    The value passed in while executing the transaction.
     * @custom:field data     Calldata for transaction.
     */
    struct MultiSigTransaction {
        address target;
        bool executed;
        uint256 value;
        bytes data;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing multisig confirmation data.
     *
     * @custom:field confirmationCount The sum of confirmations.
     * @custom:field confirmedBy       Map data that stores whether confirmation is performed by account.
     */
    struct MultiSigConfirmation {
        uint256 confirmationCount;
        mapping(address => bool) confirmedBy;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing the data for verifying the public input.
     *
     * @custom:field srcOutputRootProof          Proof of the source output root.
     * @custom:field dstOutputRootProof          Proof of the destination output root.
     * @custom:field publicInput                 Ingredients to compute the public input used by ZK proof verification.
     * @custom:field rlps                        Pre-encoded RLPs to compute the next block hash
     *                                           of the source output root proof.
     * @custom:field l2ToL1MessagePasserBalance  Balance of the L2ToL1MessagePasser account.
     * @custom:field l2ToL1MessagePasserCodeHash Codehash of the L2ToL1MessagePasser account.
     * @custom:field merkleProof                 Merkle proof of L2ToL1MessagePasser account against the state root.
     */
    struct PublicInputProof {
        OutputRootProof srcOutputRootProof;
        OutputRootProof dstOutputRootProof;
        PublicInput publicInput;
        BlockHeaderRLP rlps;
        bytes32 l2ToL1MessagePasserBalance;
        bytes32 l2ToL1MessagePasserCodeHash;
        bytes[] merkleProof;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.15;

import { Strings } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";

/**
 * @title Semver
 * @notice Semver is a simple contract for managing contract versions.
 */
contract Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Contract version number (major).
     */
    uint256 private immutable MAJOR_VERSION;

    /**
     * @notice Contract version number (minor).
     */
    uint256 private immutable MINOR_VERSION;

    /**
     * @notice Contract version number (patch).
     */
    uint256 private immutable PATCH_VERSION;

    /**
     * @param _major Version number (major).
     * @param _minor Version number (minor).
     * @param _patch Version number (patch).
     */
    constructor(
        uint256 _major,
        uint256 _minor,
        uint256 _patch
    ) {
        MAJOR_VERSION = _major;
        MINOR_VERSION = _minor;
        PATCH_VERSION = _patch;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the full semver contract version.
     *
     * @return Semver contract version as a string.
     */
    function version() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return
            string(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    Strings.toString(MAJOR_VERSION),
                    ".",
                    Strings.toString(MINOR_VERSION),
                    ".",
                    Strings.toString(PATCH_VERSION)
                )
            );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { L2StandardBridge } from "../L2/L2StandardBridge.sol";
import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { FeeVault } from "../universal/FeeVault.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { AddressAliasHelper } from "../vendor/AddressAliasHelper.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000008
 * @title ValidatorRewardVault
 * @notice The ValidatorRewardVault accumulates transaction fees and pays rewards to validators.
 */
contract ValidatorRewardVault is FeeVault, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the ValidatorPool contract on L1.
     */
    address public immutable VALIDATOR_POOL;

    /**
     * @notice A value to divide the vault balance by when determining the reward amount.
     */
    uint256 public immutable REWARD_DIVIDER;

    /**
     * @notice The reward balance that the validator is eligible to receive.
     */
    mapping(address => uint256) internal rewards;

    /**
     * @notice A mapping of whether the reward corresponding to the L2 block number has been paid.
     */
    mapping(uint256 => bool) internal isPaid;

    /**
     * @notice The amount of determined as rewards.
     */
    uint256 public totalReserved;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the balance of a validator has increased.
     *
     * @param validator     Address of the validator.
     * @param l2BlockNumber The L2 block number of the output root.
     * @param amount        Amount of the reward.
     */
    event Rewarded(address indexed validator, uint256 indexed l2BlockNumber, uint256 amount);

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _validatorPool Address of the ValidatorPool contract on L1.
     * @param _rewardDivider A value to divide the vault balance by when determining the reward amount.
     */
    constructor(address _validatorPool, uint256 _rewardDivider)
        FeeVault(address(0), 0)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
    {
        VALIDATOR_POOL = _validatorPool;
        REWARD_DIVIDER = _rewardDivider;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Rewards the validator for submitting the output.
     *         ValidatorPool contract on L1 calls this function over the portal when output is finalized.
     *
     * @param _validator     Address of the validator.
     * @param _l2BlockNumber The L2 block number of the output root.
     */
    function reward(address _validator, uint256 _l2BlockNumber) external {
        require(
            AddressAliasHelper.undoL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender) == VALIDATOR_POOL,
            "ValidatorRewardVault: function can only be called from the ValidatorPool"
        );

        require(_validator != address(0), "ValidatorRewardVault: validator address cannot be 0");

        require(
            !isPaid[_l2BlockNumber],
            "ValidatorRewardVault: the reward has already been paid for the L2 block number"
        );

        uint256 amount = _determineRewardAmount();

        unchecked {
            totalReserved += amount;
            rewards[_validator] += amount;
        }

        isPaid[_l2BlockNumber] = true;

        emit Rewarded(_validator, _l2BlockNumber, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Withdraws all of the sender's balance.
     *         Reverts if the balance is less than the minimum withdrawal amount.
     */
    function withdraw() external override {
        uint256 balance = rewards[msg.sender];

        require(
            balance >= MIN_WITHDRAWAL_AMOUNT,
            "ValidatorRewardVault: withdrawal amount must be greater than minimum withdrawal amount"
        );

        rewards[msg.sender] = 0;

        unchecked {
            totalReserved -= balance;
            totalProcessed += balance;
        }

        emit Withdrawal(balance, msg.sender, msg.sender);

        L2StandardBridge(payable(Predeploys.L2_STANDARD_BRIDGE)).bridgeETHTo{ value: balance }(
            msg.sender,
            WITHDRAWAL_MIN_GAS,
            bytes("")
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Determines the reward amount.
     *
     * @return Amount of the reward.
     */
    function _determineRewardAmount() internal view returns (uint256) {
        return (address(this).balance - totalReserved) / REWARD_DIVIDER;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the reward balance of the given address.
     *
     * @param _addr Address to lookup.
     *
     * @return The reward balance of the given address.
     */
    function balanceOf(address _addr) external view returns (uint256) {
        return rewards[_addr];
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Initializable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

import { Constants } from "../libraries/Constants.sol";
import { Hashing } from "../libraries/Hashing.sol";
import { SafeCall } from "../libraries/SafeCall.sol";
import { Types } from "../libraries/Types.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { AddressAliasHelper } from "../vendor/AddressAliasHelper.sol";
import { L2OutputOracle } from "./L2OutputOracle.sol";
import { ResourceMetering } from "./ResourceMetering.sol";
import { SystemConfig } from "./SystemConfig.sol";
import { ZKMerkleTrie } from "./ZKMerkleTrie.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @title KromaPortal
 * @notice The KromaPortal is a low-level contract responsible for passing messages between L1
 *         and L2. Messages sent directly to the KromaPortal have no form of replayability.
 *         Users are encouraged to use the L1CrossDomainMessenger for a higher-level interface.
 */
contract KromaPortal is Initializable, ResourceMetering, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Represents a proven withdrawal.
     *
     * @custom:field outputRoot    Root of the L2 output this was proven against.
     * @custom:field timestamp     Timestamp at whcih the withdrawal was proven.
     * @custom:field l2OutputIndex Index of the output this was proven against.
     */
    struct ProvenWithdrawal {
        bytes32 outputRoot;
        uint128 timestamp;
        uint128 l2OutputIndex;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Version of the deposit event.
     */
    uint256 internal constant DEPOSIT_VERSION = 0;

    /**
     * @notice The L2 gas limit set when eth is deposited using the receive() function.
     */
    uint64 internal constant RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT = 100_000;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2OutputOracle contract.
     */
    L2OutputOracle public immutable L2_ORACLE;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the ValidatorPool contract.
     */
    address public immutable VALIDATOR_POOL;

    /**
    /**
     * @notice Address of the SystemConfig contract.
     */
    SystemConfig public immutable SYSTEM_CONFIG;

    /**
     * @notice MultiSig wallet address that has the ability to pause and unpause withdrawals.
     */
    address public immutable GUARDIAN;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the ZKMerkleTrie.
     */
    ZKMerkleTrie public immutable ZK_MERKLE_TRIE;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2 account which initiated a withdrawal in this transaction. If the
     *         of this variable is the default L2 sender address, then we are NOT inside of a call
     *         to finalizeWithdrawalTransaction.
     */
    address public l2Sender;

    /**
     * @notice A list of withdrawal hashes which have been successfully finalized.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public finalizedWithdrawals;

    /**
     * @notice A mapping of withdrawal hashes to `ProvenWithdrawal` data.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => ProvenWithdrawal) public provenWithdrawals;

    /**
     * @notice Determines if cross domain messaging is paused. When set to true,
     *         withdrawals are paused. This may be removed in the future.
     */
    bool public paused;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a transaction is deposited from L1 to L2. The parameters of this event
     *         are read by the rollup node and used to derive deposit transactions on L2.
     *
     * @param from       Address that triggered the deposit transaction.
     * @param to         Address that the deposit transaction is directed to.
     * @param version    Version of this deposit transaction event.
     * @param opaqueData ABI encoded deposit data to be parsed off-chain.
     */
    event TransactionDeposited(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 indexed version,
        bytes opaqueData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a withdrawal transaction is proven.
     *
     * @param withdrawalHash Hash of the withdrawal transaction.
     */
    event WithdrawalProven(
        bytes32 indexed withdrawalHash,
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a withdrawal transaction is finalized.
     *
     * @param withdrawalHash Hash of the withdrawal transaction.
     * @param success        Whether the withdrawal transaction was successful.
     */
    event WithdrawalFinalized(bytes32 indexed withdrawalHash, bool success);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the pause is triggered.
     *
     * @param account Address of the account triggering the pause.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the pause is lifted.
     *
     * @param account Address of the account triggering the unpause.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    /**
     * @notice Reverts when paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        require(paused == false, "KromaPortal: paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _l2Oracle                  Address of the L2OutputOracle contract.
     * @param _validatorPool             Address of the ValidatorPool contract.
     * @param _guardian                  MultiSig wallet address that can pause deposits and withdrawals.
     * @param _paused                    Sets the contract's pausability state.
     * @param _config                    Address of the SystemConfig contract.
     * @param _zkMerkleTrie              Address of the ZKMerkleTrie contract.
     */
    constructor(
        L2OutputOracle _l2Oracle,
        address _validatorPool,
        address _guardian,
        bool _paused,
        SystemConfig _config,
        ZKMerkleTrie _zkMerkleTrie
    ) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        L2_ORACLE = _l2Oracle;
        VALIDATOR_POOL = _validatorPool;
        GUARDIAN = _guardian;
        SYSTEM_CONFIG = _config;
        ZK_MERKLE_TRIE = _zkMerkleTrie;
        initialize(_paused);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer.
     */
    function initialize(bool _paused) public initializer {
        l2Sender = Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER;
        paused = _paused;
        __ResourceMetering_init();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Pause deposits and withdrawals.
     */
    function pause() external {
        require(msg.sender == GUARDIAN, "KromaPortal: only guardian can pause");
        paused = true;
        emit Paused(msg.sender);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Unpause deposits and withdrawals.
     */
    function unpause() external {
        require(msg.sender == GUARDIAN, "KromaPortal: only guardian can unpause");
        paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(msg.sender);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Accepts value so that users can send ETH directly to this contract and have the
     *         funds be deposited to their address on L2. This is intended as a convenience
     *         function for EOAs. Contracts should call the depositTransaction() function directly
     *         otherwise any deposited funds will be lost due to address aliasing.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line ordering
    receive() external payable {
        depositTransaction(msg.sender, msg.value, RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT, false, bytes(""));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Getter for the resource config. Used internally by the ResourceMetering
     *         contract. The SystemConfig is the source of truth for the resource config.
     *
     * @return ResourceMetering.ResourceConfig
     */
    function _resourceConfig()
        internal
        view
        override
        returns (ResourceMetering.ResourceConfig memory)
    {
        return SYSTEM_CONFIG.resourceConfig();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Proves a withdrawal transaction.
     *
     * @param _tx              Withdrawal transaction to finalize.
     * @param _l2OutputIndex   L2 output index to prove against.
     * @param _outputRootProof Inclusion proof of the L2ToL1MessagePasser contract's storage root.
     * @param _withdrawalProof Inclusion proof of the withdrawal in L2ToL1MessagePasser contract.
     */
    function proveWithdrawalTransaction(
        Types.WithdrawalTransaction memory _tx,
        uint256 _l2OutputIndex,
        Types.OutputRootProof calldata _outputRootProof,
        bytes[] calldata _withdrawalProof
    ) external whenNotPaused {
        // Prevent users from creating a deposit transaction where this address is the message
        // sender on L2. Because this is checked here, we do not need to check again in
        // `finalizeWithdrawalTransaction`.
        require(
            _tx.target != address(this),
            "KromaPortal: you cannot send messages to the portal contract"
        );

        // Get the output root and load onto the stack to prevent multiple mloads. This will
        // revert if there is no output root for the given block number.
        bytes32 outputRoot = L2_ORACLE.getL2Output(_l2OutputIndex).outputRoot;

        // Verify that the output root can be generated with the elements in the proof.
        require(
            outputRoot == Hashing.hashOutputRootProof(_outputRootProof),
            "KromaPortal: invalid output root proof"
        );

        // Load the ProvenWithdrawal into memory, using the withdrawal hash as a unique identifier.
        bytes32 withdrawalHash = Hashing.hashWithdrawal(_tx);
        ProvenWithdrawal memory provenWithdrawal = provenWithdrawals[withdrawalHash];

        // We generally want to prevent users from proving the same withdrawal multiple times
        // because each successive proof will update the timestamp. A malicious user can take
        // advantage of this to prevent other users from finalizing their withdrawal. However,
        // since withdrawals are proven before an output root is finalized, we need to allow users
        // to re-prove their withdrawal only in the case that the output root for their specified
        // output index has been updated.
        require(
            provenWithdrawal.timestamp == 0 ||
                L2_ORACLE.getL2Output(provenWithdrawal.l2OutputIndex).outputRoot !=
                provenWithdrawal.outputRoot,
            "KromaPortal: withdrawal hash has already been proven"
        );

        // Compute the storage slot of the withdrawal hash in the L2ToL1MessagePasser contract.
        // Refer to the Solidity documentation for more information on how storage layouts are
        // computed for mappings.
        bytes32 storageKey = keccak256(
            abi.encode(
                withdrawalHash,
                uint256(0) // The withdrawals mapping is at the first slot in the layout.
            )
        );

        // Verify that the hash of this withdrawal was stored in the L2toL1MessagePasser contract
        // on L2. If this is true, under the assumption that the ZKMerkleTrie contract does not have
        // bugs, then we know that this withdrawal was actually triggered on L2 and can therefore
        // be relayed on L1.
        require(
            ZK_MERKLE_TRIE.verifyInclusionProof(
                storageKey,
                hex"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
                _withdrawalProof,
                _outputRootProof.messagePasserStorageRoot
            ),
            "KromaPortal: invalid withdrawal inclusion proof"
        );

        // Designate the withdrawalHash as proven by storing the `outputRoot`, `timestamp`, and
        // `l2OutputIndex` in the `provenWithdrawals` mapping. A `withdrawalHash` can only be
        // proven once unless it is submitted again with a different outputRoot.
        provenWithdrawals[withdrawalHash] = ProvenWithdrawal({
            outputRoot: outputRoot,
            timestamp: uint128(block.timestamp),
            l2OutputIndex: uint128(_l2OutputIndex)
        });

        // Emit a `WithdrawalProven` event.
        emit WithdrawalProven(withdrawalHash, _tx.sender, _tx.target);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Finalizes a withdrawal transaction.
     *
     * @param _tx Withdrawal transaction to finalize.
     */
    function finalizeWithdrawalTransaction(Types.WithdrawalTransaction memory _tx)
        external
        whenNotPaused
    {
        // Make sure that the l2Sender has not yet been set. The l2Sender is set to a value other
        // than the default value when a withdrawal transaction is being finalized. This check is
        // a defacto reentrancy guard.
        require(
            l2Sender == Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER,
            "KromaPortal: can only trigger one withdrawal per transaction"
        );

        // Grab the proven withdrawal from the `provenWithdrawals` map.
        bytes32 withdrawalHash = Hashing.hashWithdrawal(_tx);
        ProvenWithdrawal memory provenWithdrawal = provenWithdrawals[withdrawalHash];

        // A withdrawal can only be finalized if it has been proven. We know that a withdrawal has
        // been proven at least once when its timestamp is non-zero. Unproven withdrawals will have
        // a timestamp of zero.
        require(provenWithdrawal.timestamp != 0, "KromaPortal: withdrawal has not been proven yet");

        // As a sanity check, we make sure that the proven withdrawal's timestamp is greater than
        // starting timestamp inside the L2OutputOracle. Not strictly necessary but extra layer of
        // safety against weird bugs in the proving step.
        require(
            provenWithdrawal.timestamp >= L2_ORACLE.startingTimestamp(),
            "KromaPortal: withdrawal timestamp less than L2 Oracle starting timestamp"
        );

        // A proven withdrawal must wait at least the finalization period before it can be
        // finalized. This waiting period can elapse in parallel with the waiting period for the
        // output the withdrawal was proven against. In effect, this means that the minimum
        // withdrawal time is l2 output submission time + finalization period.
        require(
            _isFinalizationPeriodElapsed(provenWithdrawal.timestamp),
            "KromaPortal: proven withdrawal finalization period has not elapsed"
        );

        // Grab the CheckpointOutput from the L2OutputOracle, will revert if the output that
        // corresponds to the given index has not been submitted yet.
        Types.CheckpointOutput memory checkpointOutput = L2_ORACLE.getL2Output(
            provenWithdrawal.l2OutputIndex
        );

        // Check that the output root that was used to prove the withdrawal is the same as the
        // current output root for the given output index. An output root may change if it is
        // deleted by the challenger address and then re-submitted.
        require(
            checkpointOutput.outputRoot == provenWithdrawal.outputRoot,
            "KromaPortal: output root proven is not the same as current output root"
        );

        // Check that the checkpoint output has also been finalized.
        require(
            _isFinalizationPeriodElapsed(checkpointOutput.timestamp),
            "KromaPortal: checkpoint output finalization period has not elapsed"
        );

        // Check that this withdrawal has not already been finalized, this is replay protection.
        require(
            finalizedWithdrawals[withdrawalHash] == false,
            "KromaPortal: withdrawal has already been finalized"
        );

        // Mark the withdrawal as finalized so it can't be replayed.
        finalizedWithdrawals[withdrawalHash] = true;

        // Set the l2Sender so contracts know who triggered this withdrawal on L2.
        l2Sender = _tx.sender;

        // Trigger the call to the target contract. We use a custom low level method
        // SafeCall.callWithMinGas to ensure two key properties
        //   1. Target contracts cannot force this call to run out of gas by returning a very large
        //      amount of data (and this is OK because we don't care about the returndata here).
        //   2. The amount of gas provided to the execution context of the target is at least the
        //      gas limit specified by the user. If there is not enough gas in the current context
        //      to accomplish this, `callWithMinGas` will revert.
        bool success = SafeCall.callWithMinGas(_tx.target, _tx.gasLimit, _tx.value, _tx.data);

        // Reset the l2Sender back to the default value.
        l2Sender = Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER;

        // All withdrawals are immediately finalized. Replayability can
        // be achieved through contracts built on top of this contract
        emit WithdrawalFinalized(withdrawalHash, success);

        // Reverting here is useful for determining the exact gas cost to successfully execute the
        // sub call to the target contract if the minimum gas limit specified by the user would not
        // be sufficient to execute the sub call.
        if (success == false && tx.origin == Constants.ESTIMATION_ADDRESS) {
            revert("KromaPortal: withdrawal failed");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Accepts deposits of ETH and data, and emits a TransactionDeposited event for use in
     *         deriving deposit transactions. Note that if a deposit is made by a contract, its
     *         address will be aliased when retrieved using `tx.origin` or `msg.sender`. Consider
     *         using the CrossDomainMessenger contracts for a simpler developer experience.
     *
     * @param _to         Target address on L2.
     * @param _value      ETH value to send to the recipient.
     * @param _gasLimit   Minimum L2 gas limit (can be greater than or equal to this value).
     * @param _isCreation Whether or not the transaction is a contract creation.
     * @param _data       Data to trigger the recipient with.
     */
    function depositTransaction(
        address _to,
        uint256 _value,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        bool _isCreation,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public payable metered(_gasLimit) {
        // Just to be safe, make sure that people specify address(0) as the target when doing
        // contract creations.
        if (_isCreation) {
            require(
                _to == address(0),
                "KromaPortal: must send to address(0) when creating a contract"
            );
        }

        // Prevent depositing transactions that have too small of a gas limit.
        require(_gasLimit >= 21_000, "KromaPortal: gas limit must cover instrinsic gas cost");

        // Transform the from-address to its alias if the caller is a contract.
        address from = msg.sender;
        if (msg.sender != tx.origin) {
            from = AddressAliasHelper.applyL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender);
        }

        // Compute the opaque data that will be emitted as part of the TransactionDeposited event.
        // We use opaque data so that we can update the TransactionDeposited event in the future
        // without breaking the current interface.
        bytes memory opaqueData = abi.encodePacked(
            msg.value,
            _value,
            _gasLimit,
            _isCreation,
            _data
        );

        // Emit a TransactionDeposited event so that the rollup node can derive a deposit
        // transaction for this deposit.
        emit TransactionDeposited(from, _to, DEPOSIT_VERSION, opaqueData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Accepts deposits of data from ValidatorPool contract, and emits a TransactionDeposited event for use in
     *         deriving deposit transactions on L2.
     *
     * @param _to         Target address on L2.
     * @param _gasLimit   Minimum L2 gas limit (can be greater than or equal to this value).
     * @param _data       Data to trigger the recipient with.
     */
    function depositTransactionByValidatorPool(
        address _to,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public {
        require(
            msg.sender == VALIDATOR_POOL,
            "KromaPortal: function can only be called from the ValidatorPool"
        );

        // Transform the from-address to its alias.
        address from = AddressAliasHelper.applyL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender);

        // Compute the opaque data that will be emitted as part of the TransactionDeposited event.
        bytes memory opaqueData = abi.encodePacked(uint256(0), uint256(0), _gasLimit, false, _data);

        // Emit a TransactionDeposited event so that the rollup node can derive a deposit
        // transaction for this deposit.
        emit TransactionDeposited(from, _to, DEPOSIT_VERSION, opaqueData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Determines if the output at the given index is finalized. Reverts if the call to
     *         L2_ORACLE.getL2Output reverts. Returns a boolean otherwise.
     *
     * @param _l2OutputIndex Index of the L2 output to check.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the output is finalized.
     */
    function isOutputFinalized(uint256 _l2OutputIndex) external view returns (bool) {
        return _isFinalizationPeriodElapsed(L2_ORACLE.getL2Output(_l2OutputIndex).timestamp);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Determines whether the finalization period has elapsed w/r/t a given timestamp.
     *
     * @param _timestamp Timestamp to check.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the finalization period has elapsed.
     */
    function _isFinalizationPeriodElapsed(uint256 _timestamp) internal view returns (bool) {
        return block.timestamp > _timestamp + L2_ORACLE.FINALIZATION_PERIOD_SECONDS();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Initializable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

import { Constants } from "../libraries/Constants.sol";
import { Types } from "../libraries/Types.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { ValidatorPool } from "./ValidatorPool.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @title L2OutputOracle
 * @notice The L2OutputOracle contains an array of L2 state outputs, where each output is a
 *         commitment to the state of the L2 chain. Other contracts like the KromaPortal use
 *         these outputs to verify information about the state of L2.
 */
contract L2OutputOracle is Initializable, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice The address of the validator pool contract. Can be updated via upgrade.
     */
    ValidatorPool public immutable VALIDATOR_POOL;

    /**
     * @notice The address of the colosseum contract. Can be updated via upgrade.
     */
    address public immutable COLOSSEUM;

    /**
     * @notice The interval in L2 blocks at which checkpoints must be submitted. Although this is
     *         immutable, it can be modified by upgrading the implementation contract.
     *         Note that nodes that fetch and use this value need to restart when it is modified.
     */
    uint256 public immutable SUBMISSION_INTERVAL;

    /**
     * @notice The time between L2 blocks in seconds. Once set, this value MUST NOT be modified.
     */
    uint256 public immutable L2_BLOCK_TIME;

    /**
     * @notice Minimum time (in seconds) that must elapse before a withdrawal can be finalized.
     */
    uint256 public immutable FINALIZATION_PERIOD_SECONDS;

    /**
     * @notice The number of the first L2 block recorded in this contract.
     */
    uint256 public startingBlockNumber;

    /**
     * @notice The timestamp of the first L2 block recorded in this contract.
     */
    uint256 public startingTimestamp;

    /**
     * @notice Array of L2 checkpoint outputs.
     */
    Types.CheckpointOutput[] internal l2Outputs;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an output is submitted.
     *
     * @param outputRoot    The output root.
     * @param l2OutputIndex The index of the output in the l2Outputs array.
     * @param l2BlockNumber The L2 block number of the output root.
     * @param l1Timestamp   The L1 timestamp when submitted.
     */
    event OutputSubmitted(
        bytes32 indexed outputRoot,
        uint256 indexed l2OutputIndex,
        uint256 indexed l2BlockNumber,
        uint256 l1Timestamp
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an output is replaced.
     *
     * @param outputIndex   Replaced L2 output index.
     * @param newOutputRoot L2 output root after replacement.
     */
    event OutputReplaced(uint256 indexed outputIndex, bytes32 newOutputRoot);

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _validatorPool             The address of the ValidatorPool contract.
     * @param _colosseum                 The address of the Colosseum contract.
     * @param _submissionInterval        Interval in blocks at which checkpoints must be submitted.
     * @param _l2BlockTime               The time per L2 block, in seconds.
     * @param _startingBlockNumber       The number of the first L2 block.
     * @param _startingTimestamp         The timestamp of the first L2 block.
     * @param _finalizationPeriodSeconds Output finalization time in seconds.
     */
    constructor(
        ValidatorPool _validatorPool,
        address _colosseum,
        uint256 _submissionInterval,
        uint256 _l2BlockTime,
        uint256 _startingBlockNumber,
        uint256 _startingTimestamp,
        uint256 _finalizationPeriodSeconds
    ) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        require(_l2BlockTime > 0, "L2OutputOracle: L2 block time must be greater than 0");
        require(
            _submissionInterval > 0,
            "L2OutputOracle: submission interval must be greater than 0"
        );

        VALIDATOR_POOL = _validatorPool;
        COLOSSEUM = _colosseum;
        SUBMISSION_INTERVAL = _submissionInterval;
        L2_BLOCK_TIME = _l2BlockTime;
        FINALIZATION_PERIOD_SECONDS = _finalizationPeriodSeconds;

        initialize(_startingBlockNumber, _startingTimestamp);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer.
     *
     * @param _startingBlockNumber Block number for the first recorded L2 block.
     * @param _startingTimestamp   Timestamp for the first recorded L2 block.
     */
    function initialize(uint256 _startingBlockNumber, uint256 _startingTimestamp)
        public
        initializer
    {
        require(
            _startingTimestamp <= block.timestamp,
            "L2OutputOracle: starting L2 timestamp must be less than current time"
        );

        startingTimestamp = _startingTimestamp;
        startingBlockNumber = _startingBlockNumber;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Replaces the output that corresponds to the given output index.
     *         Only the Colosseum contract can replace an output.
     *
     * @param _l2OutputIndex Index of the L2 output to be replaced.
     * @param _newOutputRoot The L2 output root to replace the existing one.
     * @param _submitter     Address of the L2 output submitter.
     */
    function replaceL2Output(
        uint256 _l2OutputIndex,
        bytes32 _newOutputRoot,
        address _submitter
    ) external {
        require(
            msg.sender == COLOSSEUM,
            "L2OutputOracle: only the colosseum contract can replace an output"
        );

        require(_submitter != address(0), "L2OutputOracle: submitter address cannot be zero");

        // Make sure we're not *increasing* the length of the array.
        require(
            _l2OutputIndex < l2Outputs.length,
            "L2OutputOracle: cannot replace an output after the latest output index"
        );

        Types.CheckpointOutput storage output = l2Outputs[_l2OutputIndex];
        // Do not allow replacing any outputs that have already been finalized.
        require(
            block.timestamp - output.timestamp < FINALIZATION_PERIOD_SECONDS,
            "L2OutputOracle: cannot replace an output that has already been finalized"
        );

        output.outputRoot = _newOutputRoot;
        output.submitter = _submitter;

        emit OutputReplaced(_l2OutputIndex, _newOutputRoot);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Accepts an outputRoot and the block number of the corresponding L2 block.
     *         The block number must be equal to the current value returned by `nextBlockNumber()`
     *         in order to be accepted. This function may only be called by the validator.
     *
     * @param _outputRoot    The L2 output of the checkpoint block.
     * @param _l2BlockNumber The L2 block number that resulted in _outputRoot.
     * @param _l1BlockHash   A block hash which must be included in the current chain.
     * @param _l1BlockNumber The block number with the specified block hash.
     */
    function submitL2Output(
        bytes32 _outputRoot,
        uint256 _l2BlockNumber,
        bytes32 _l1BlockHash,
        uint256 _l1BlockNumber
    ) external payable {
        address nextValidator = VALIDATOR_POOL.nextValidator();
        // If it's not a public round, only selected validators can submit output.
        if (nextValidator != Constants.VALIDATOR_PUBLIC_ROUND_ADDRESS) {
            require(
                msg.sender == nextValidator,
                "L2OutputOracle: only the next selected validator can submit output"
            );
        }

        require(
            _l2BlockNumber == nextBlockNumber(),
            "L2OutputOracle: block number must be equal to next expected block number"
        );

        require(
            computeL2Timestamp(_l2BlockNumber) < block.timestamp,
            "L2OutputOracle: cannot submit L2 output in the future"
        );

        require(
            _outputRoot != bytes32(0),
            "L2OutputOracle: L2 checkpoint output cannot be the zero hash"
        );

        if (_l1BlockHash != bytes32(0) && blockhash(_l1BlockNumber) != bytes32(0)) {
            // This check allows the validator to submit an output based on a given L1 block,
            // without fear that it will be reorged out.
            // It will be skipped if the blockheight provided is more than 256 blocks behind the
            // chain tip (as the hash will return as zero).
            require(
                blockhash(_l1BlockNumber) == _l1BlockHash,
                "L2OutputOracle: block hash does not match the hash at the expected height"
            );
        }

        uint256 outputIndex = nextOutputIndex();

        l2Outputs.push(
            Types.CheckpointOutput({
                submitter: msg.sender,
                outputRoot: _outputRoot,
                timestamp: uint128(block.timestamp),
                l2BlockNumber: uint128(_l2BlockNumber)
            })
        );

        emit OutputSubmitted(_outputRoot, outputIndex, _l2BlockNumber, block.timestamp);

        VALIDATOR_POOL.createBond(
            outputIndex,
            uint128(block.timestamp + FINALIZATION_PERIOD_SECONDS)
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns an output by index. Reverts if output is not found at the given index.
     *
     * @param _l2OutputIndex Index of the output to return.
     *
     * @return The output at the given index.
     */
    function getL2Output(uint256 _l2OutputIndex)
        external
        view
        returns (Types.CheckpointOutput memory)
    {
        return l2Outputs[_l2OutputIndex];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the index of the L2 output that checkpoints a given L2 block number. Uses a
     *         binary search to find the first output greater than or equal to the given block.
     *
     * @param _l2BlockNumber L2 block number to find a checkpoint for.
     *
     * @return Index of the first checkpoint that commits to the given L2 block number.
     */
    function getL2OutputIndexAfter(uint256 _l2BlockNumber) public view returns (uint256) {
        // Make sure an output for this block number has actually been submitted.
        require(
            _l2BlockNumber <= latestBlockNumber(),
            "L2OutputOracle: cannot get output for a block that has not been submitted"
        );

        // Make sure there's at least one output submitted.
        require(
            l2Outputs.length > 0,
            "L2OutputOracle: cannot get output as no outputs have been submitted yet"
        );

        // Find the output via binary search, guaranteed to exist.
        uint256 lo = 0;
        uint256 hi = l2Outputs.length;
        while (lo < hi) {
            uint256 mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
            if (l2Outputs[mid].l2BlockNumber < _l2BlockNumber) {
                lo = mid + 1;
            } else {
                hi = mid;
            }
        }

        return lo;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the L2 checkpoint output that checkpoints a given L2 block number.
     *
     * @param _l2BlockNumber L2 block number to find a checkpoint for.
     *
     * @return First checkpoint that commits to the given L2 block number.
     */
    function getL2OutputAfter(uint256 _l2BlockNumber)
        external
        view
        returns (Types.CheckpointOutput memory)
    {
        return l2Outputs[getL2OutputIndexAfter(_l2BlockNumber)];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the index of the latest submitted output. Will revert if no outputs
     *         have been submitted yet.
     *
     * @return The index of the latest submitted output.
     */
    function latestOutputIndex() external view returns (uint256) {
        return l2Outputs.length - 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the index of the next output to be submitted.
     *
     * @return The index of the next output to be submitted.
     */
    function nextOutputIndex() public view returns (uint256) {
        return l2Outputs.length;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the block number of the latest submitted L2 checkpoint output. If no outputs
     *         have been submitted yet then this function will return the starting block number.
     *
     * @return Latest submitted L2 block number.
     */
    function latestBlockNumber() public view returns (uint256) {
        return
            l2Outputs.length == 0
                ? startingBlockNumber
                : l2Outputs[l2Outputs.length - 1].l2BlockNumber;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the block number of the next L2 block that needs to be checkpointed. If no
     *         outputs have been submitted yet then this function will return the latest block
     *         number, which is the starting block number.
     *
     * @return Next L2 block number.
     */
    function nextBlockNumber() public view returns (uint256) {
        return
            l2Outputs.length == 0 ? latestBlockNumber() : latestBlockNumber() + SUBMISSION_INTERVAL;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the L2 timestamp corresponding to a given L2 block number.
     *
     * @param _l2BlockNumber The L2 block number of the target block.
     *
     * @return L2 timestamp of the given block.
     */
    function computeL2Timestamp(uint256 _l2BlockNumber) public view returns (uint256) {
        return startingTimestamp + ((_l2BlockNumber - startingBlockNumber) * L2_BLOCK_TIME);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the address of the L2 output submitter.
     *
     * @param _outputIndex Index of an output.
     *
     * @return Address of the submitter.
     */
    function getSubmitter(uint256 _outputIndex) external view returns (address) {
        return l2Outputs[_outputIndex].submitter;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns if the output of given index is finalized.
     *
     * @param _outputIndex Index of an output.
     *
     * @return If the given output is finalized or not.
     */
    function isFinalized(uint256 _outputIndex) external view returns (bool) {
        return l2Outputs[_outputIndex].timestamp + FINALIZATION_PERIOD_SECONDS < block.timestamp;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the finalization time of given output index.
     *
     * @param _outputIndex Index of an output.
     *
     * @return The finalization time of given output index.
     */
    function finalizedAt(uint256 _outputIndex) external view returns (uint256) {
        return l2Outputs[_outputIndex].timestamp + FINALIZATION_PERIOD_SECONDS;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```solidity
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
     * constructor.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized != type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
        return _initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _initializing;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Initializable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import { Math } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";

import { Arithmetic } from "../libraries/Arithmetic.sol";
import { Burn } from "../libraries/Burn.sol";

/**
 * @custom:upgradeable
 * @title ResourceMetering
 * @notice ResourceMetering implements an EIP-1559 style resource metering system where pricing
 *         updates automatically based on current demand.
 */
abstract contract ResourceMetering is Initializable {
    /**
     * @notice Represents the various parameters that control the way in which resources are
     *         metered. Corresponds to the EIP-1559 resource metering system.
     *
     * @custom:field prevBaseFee   Base fee from the previous block(s).
     * @custom:field prevBoughtGas Amount of gas bought so far in the current block.
     * @custom:field prevBlockNum  Last block number that the base fee was updated.
     */
    struct ResourceParams {
        uint128 prevBaseFee;
        uint64 prevBoughtGas;
        uint64 prevBlockNum;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Represents the configuration for the EIP-1559 based curve for the deposit gas
     *         market. These values should be set with care as it is possible to set them in
     *         a way that breaks the deposit gas market. The target resource limit is defined as
     *         maxResourceLimit / elasticityMultiplier. This struct was designed to fit within a
     *         single word. There is additional space for additions in the future.
     *
     * @custom:field maxResourceLimit             Represents the maximum amount of deposit gas that
     *                                            can be purchased per block.
     * @custom:field elasticityMultiplier         Determines the target resource limit along with
     *                                            the resource limit.
     * @custom:field baseFeeMaxChangeDenominator  Determines max change on fee per block.
     * @custom:field minimumBaseFee               The min deposit base fee, it is clamped to this
     *                                            value.
     * @custom:field systemTxMaxGas               The amount of gas supplied to the system
     *                                            transaction. This should be set to the same number
     *                                            that the kroma-node sets as the gas limit for the
     *                                            system transaction.
     * @custom:field maximumBaseFee               The max deposit base fee, it is clamped to this
     *                                            value.
     */
    struct ResourceConfig {
        uint32 maxResourceLimit;
        uint8 elasticityMultiplier;
        uint8 baseFeeMaxChangeDenominator;
        uint32 minimumBaseFee;
        uint32 systemTxMaxGas;
        uint128 maximumBaseFee;
    }

    /**
     * @notice EIP-1559 style gas parameters.
     */
    ResourceParams public params;

    /**
     * @notice Reserve extra slots (to a total of 50) in the storage layout for future upgrades.
     */
    uint256[48] private __gap;

    /**
     * @notice Meters access to a function based an amount of a requested resource.
     *
     * @param _amount Amount of the resource requested.
     */
    modifier metered(uint64 _amount) {
        // Record initial gas amount so we can refund for it later.
        uint256 initialGas = gasleft();

        // Run the underlying function.
        _;

        // Run the metering function.
        _metered(_amount, initialGas);
    }

    /**
     * @notice An internal function that holds all of the logic for metering a resource.
     *
     * @param _amount     Amount of the resource requested.
     * @param _initialGas The amount of gas before any modifier execution.
     */
    function _metered(uint64 _amount, uint256 _initialGas) internal {
        // Update block number and base fee if necessary.
        uint256 blockDiff = block.number - params.prevBlockNum;

        ResourceConfig memory config = _resourceConfig();
        int256 targetResourceLimit = int256(uint256(config.maxResourceLimit)) /
            int256(uint256(config.elasticityMultiplier));

        if (blockDiff > 0) {
            // Handle updating EIP-1559 style gas parameters. We use EIP-1559 to restrict the rate
            // at which deposits can be created and therefore limit the potential for deposits to
            // spam the L2 system. Fee scheme is very similar to EIP-1559 with minor changes.
            int256 gasUsedDelta = int256(uint256(params.prevBoughtGas)) - targetResourceLimit;
            int256 baseFeeDelta = (int256(uint256(params.prevBaseFee)) * gasUsedDelta) /
                (targetResourceLimit * int256(uint256(config.baseFeeMaxChangeDenominator)));

            // Update base fee by adding the base fee delta and clamp the resulting value between
            // min and max.
            int256 newBaseFee = Arithmetic.clamp({
                _value: int256(uint256(params.prevBaseFee)) + baseFeeDelta,
                _min: int256(uint256(config.minimumBaseFee)),
                _max: int256(uint256(config.maximumBaseFee))
            });

            // If we skipped more than one block, we also need to account for every empty block.
            // Empty block means there was no demand for deposits in that block, so we should
            // reflect this lack of demand in the fee.
            if (blockDiff > 1) {
                // Update the base fee by repeatedly applying the exponent 1-(1/change_denominator)
                // blockDiff - 1 times. Simulates multiple empty blocks. Clamp the resulting value
                // between min and max.
                newBaseFee = Arithmetic.clamp({
                    _value: Arithmetic.cdexp({
                        _coefficient: newBaseFee,
                        _denominator: int256(uint256(config.baseFeeMaxChangeDenominator)),
                        _exponent: int256(blockDiff - 1)
                    }),
                    _min: int256(uint256(config.minimumBaseFee)),
                    _max: int256(uint256(config.maximumBaseFee))
                });
            }

            // Update new base fee, reset bought gas, and update block number.
            params.prevBaseFee = uint128(uint256(newBaseFee));
            params.prevBoughtGas = 0;
            params.prevBlockNum = uint64(block.number);
        }

        // Make sure we can actually buy the resource amount requested by the user.
        params.prevBoughtGas += _amount;
        require(
            int256(uint256(params.prevBoughtGas)) <= int256(uint256(config.maxResourceLimit)),
            "ResourceMetering: cannot buy more gas than available gas limit"
        );

        // Determine the amount of ETH to be paid.
        uint256 resourceCost = uint256(_amount) * uint256(params.prevBaseFee);

        // We currently charge for this ETH amount as an L1 gas burn, so we convert the ETH amount
        // into gas by dividing by the L1 base fee. We assume a minimum base fee of 1 gwei to avoid
        // division by zero for L1s that don't support 1559 or to avoid excessive gas burns during
        // periods of extremely low L1 demand. One-day average gas fee hasn't dipped below 1 gwei
        // during any 1 day period in the last 5 years, so should be fine.
        uint256 gasCost = resourceCost / Math.max(block.basefee, 1 gwei);

        // Give the user a refund based on the amount of gas they used to do all of the work up to
        // this point. Since we're at the end of the modifier, this should be pretty accurate. Acts
        // effectively like a dynamic stipend (with a minimum value).
        uint256 usedGas = _initialGas - gasleft();
        if (gasCost > usedGas) {
            Burn.gas(gasCost - usedGas);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Virtual function that returns the resource config. Contracts that inherit this
     *         contract must implement this function.
     *
     * @return ResourceConfig
     */
    function _resourceConfig() internal virtual returns (ResourceConfig memory);

    /**
     * @notice Sets initial resource parameter values. This function must either be called by the
     *         initializer function of an upgradeable child contract.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function __ResourceMetering_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        params = ResourceParams({
            prevBaseFee: 1 gwei,
            prevBoughtGas: 0,
            prevBlockNum: uint64(block.number)
        });
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./math/Math.sol";
import "./math/SignedMath.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string(abi.encodePacked(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
     */
    function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { StandardBridge } from "../universal/StandardBridge.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000009
 * @title L2StandardBridge
 * @notice The L2StandardBridge is responsible for transfering ETH and ERC20 tokens between L1 and
 *         L2. In the case that an ERC20 token is native to L2, it will be escrowed within this
 *         contract. If the ERC20 token is native to L1, it will be burnt.
 *         NOTE: this contract is not intended to support all variations of ERC20 tokens. Examples
 *         of some token types that may not be properly supported by this contract include, but are
 *         not limited to: tokens with transfer fees, rebasing tokens, and tokens with blocklists.
 */
contract L2StandardBridge is StandardBridge, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _otherBridge Address of the L1StandardBridge.
     */
    constructor(address payable _otherBridge)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
        StandardBridge(payable(Predeploys.L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER), _otherBridge)
    {}

    /**
     * @notice Allows EOAs to bridge ETH by sending directly to the bridge.
     */
    receive() external payable override onlyEOA {
        _initiateBridgeETH(
            msg.sender,
            msg.sender,
            msg.value,
            RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT,
            bytes("")
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { L2StandardBridge } from "../L2/L2StandardBridge.sol";

/**
 * @title FeeVault
 * @notice The FeeVault contract contains the basic logic for the various different vault contracts
 *         used to hold fee revenue generated by the L2 system.
 */
abstract contract FeeVault {
    /**
     * @notice Emits each time that a withdrawal occurs.
     *
     * @param value Amount that was withdrawn (in wei).
     * @param to    Address that the funds were sent to.
     * @param from  Address that triggered the withdrawal.
     */
    event Withdrawal(uint256 value, address to, address from);

    /**
     * @notice Minimum balance before a withdrawal can be triggered.
     */
    uint256 public immutable MIN_WITHDRAWAL_AMOUNT;

    /**
     * @notice Wallet that will receive the fees on L1.
     */
    address public immutable RECIPIENT;

    /**
     * @notice The minimum gas limit for the FeeVault withdrawal transaction.
     */
    uint32 internal constant WITHDRAWAL_MIN_GAS = 35_000;

    /**
     * @notice Total amount of wei processed by the contract.
     */
    uint256 public totalProcessed;

    /**
     * @param _recipient           Wallet that will receive the fees on L1.
     * @param _minWithdrawalAmount Minimum balance before a withdrawal can be triggered.
     */
    constructor(address _recipient, uint256 _minWithdrawalAmount) {
        MIN_WITHDRAWAL_AMOUNT = _minWithdrawalAmount;
        RECIPIENT = _recipient;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allow the contract to receive ETH.
     */
    receive() external payable {}

    /**
     * @notice Triggers a withdrawal of funds to the L1 fee wallet.
     */
    function withdraw() external virtual {
        require(
            address(this).balance >= MIN_WITHDRAWAL_AMOUNT,
            "FeeVault: withdrawal amount must be greater than minimum withdrawal amount"
        );

        uint256 value = address(this).balance;
        totalProcessed += value;

        emit Withdrawal(value, RECIPIENT, msg.sender);

        L2StandardBridge(payable(Predeploys.L2_STANDARD_BRIDGE)).bridgeETHTo{ value: value }(
            RECIPIENT,
            WITHDRAWAL_MIN_GAS,
            bytes("")
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

/*
 * Copyright 2019-2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

library AddressAliasHelper {
    uint160 constant offset = uint160(0x1111000000000000000000000000000000001111);

    /// @notice Utility function that converts the address in the L1 that submitted a tx to
    /// the inbox to the msg.sender viewed in the L2
    /// @param l1Address the address in the L1 that triggered the tx to L2
    /// @return l2Address L2 address as viewed in msg.sender
    function applyL1ToL2Alias(address l1Address) internal pure returns (address l2Address) {
        unchecked {
            l2Address = address(uint160(l1Address) + offset);
        }
    }

    /// @notice Utility function that converts the msg.sender viewed in the L2 to the
    /// address in the L1 that submitted a tx to the inbox
    /// @param l2Address L2 address as viewed in msg.sender
    /// @return l1Address the address in the L1 that triggered the tx to L2
    function undoL1ToL2Alias(address l2Address) internal pure returns (address l1Address) {
        unchecked {
            l1Address = address(uint160(l2Address) - offset);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```solidity
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
     * constructor.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!Address.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized != type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
        return _initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _initializing;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Encoding } from "./Encoding.sol";
import { RLPWriter } from "./rlp/RLPWriter.sol";
import { Types } from "./Types.sol";

/**
 * @title Hashing
 * @notice Hashing handles Kroma's various different hashing schemes.
 */
library Hashing {
    /**
     * @notice Computes the hash of the RLP encoded L2 transaction that would be generated when a
     *         given deposit is sent to the L2 system. Useful for searching for a deposit in the L2
     *         system.
     *
     * @param _tx User deposit transaction to hash.
     *
     * @return Hash of the RLP encoded L2 deposit transaction.
     */
    function hashDepositTransaction(Types.UserDepositTransaction memory _tx)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return keccak256(Encoding.encodeDepositTransaction(_tx));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the deposit transaction's "source hash", a value that guarantees the hash
     *         of the L2 transaction that corresponds to a deposit is unique and is
     *         deterministically generated from L1 transaction data.
     *
     * @param _l1BlockHash Hash of the L1 block where the deposit was included.
     * @param _logIndex    The index of the log that created the deposit transaction.
     *
     * @return Hash of the deposit transaction's "source hash".
     */
    function hashDepositSource(bytes32 _l1BlockHash, uint64 _logIndex)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        bytes32 depositId = keccak256(abi.encode(_l1BlockHash, _logIndex));
        return keccak256(abi.encode(bytes32(0), depositId));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes the cross domain message based on the version that is encoded into the
     *         message nonce.
     *
     * @param _nonce    Message nonce with version encoded into the first two bytes.
     * @param _sender   Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _target   Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _value    ETH value to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit to use for the message.
     * @param _data     Data to send with the message.
     *
     * @return Hashed cross domain message.
     */
    function hashCrossDomainMessage(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        (, uint16 version) = Encoding.decodeVersionedNonce(_nonce);
        if (version == 0) {
            return hashCrossDomainMessageV0(_nonce, _sender, _target, _value, _gasLimit, _data);
        } else {
            revert("Hashing: unknown cross domain message version");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes a cross domain message based on the V0 (current) encoding.
     *
     * @param _nonce    Message nonce.
     * @param _sender   Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _target   Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _value    ETH value to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit to use for the message.
     * @param _data     Data to send with the message.
     *
     * @return Hashed cross domain message.
     */
    function hashCrossDomainMessageV0(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(
                Encoding.encodeCrossDomainMessageV0(
                    _nonce,
                    _sender,
                    _target,
                    _value,
                    _gasLimit,
                    _data
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Derives the withdrawal hash according to the encoding in the L2 Withdrawer contract
     *
     * @param _tx Withdrawal transaction to hash.
     *
     * @return Hashed withdrawal transaction.
     */
    function hashWithdrawal(Types.WithdrawalTransaction memory _tx)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(_tx.nonce, _tx.sender, _tx.target, _tx.value, _tx.gasLimit, _tx.data)
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes the various elements of an output root proof into an output root hash which
     *         can be used to check if the proof is valid.
     *
     * @param _outputRootProof Output root proof which should be hashed to an output root.
     *
     * @return Hashed output root proof.
     */
    function hashOutputRootProof(Types.OutputRootProof memory _outputRootProof)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        if (_outputRootProof.version == bytes32(uint256(0))) {
            return hashOutputRootProofV0(_outputRootProof);
        } else {
            revert("Hashing: unknown output root proof version");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes the various elements of an output root proof into an output root hash which
     *         can be used to check if the proof is valid. (version 0)
     *
     * @param _outputRootProof Output root proof which should be hashed to an output root.
     *
     * @return Hashed output root proof.
     */
    function hashOutputRootProofV0(Types.OutputRootProof memory _outputRootProof)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(
                    _outputRootProof.version,
                    _outputRootProof.stateRoot,
                    _outputRootProof.messagePasserStorageRoot,
                    _outputRootProof.blockHash,
                    _outputRootProof.nextBlockHash
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Fills the values of the block hash fields to a given bytes.
     *
     * @param _publicInput Public input which should be hashed to a block hash.
     * @param _rlps        Pre-RLP encoded data which should be hashed to a block hash.
     * @param _raw         An array of bytes to be populated.
     */
    function _fillBlockHashFieldsToBytes(
        Types.PublicInput memory _publicInput,
        Types.BlockHeaderRLP memory _rlps,
        bytes[] memory _raw
    ) private pure {
        _raw[0] = RLPWriter.writeBytes(abi.encodePacked(_publicInput.parentHash));
        _raw[1] = _rlps.uncleHash;
        _raw[2] = _rlps.coinbase;
        _raw[3] = RLPWriter.writeBytes(abi.encodePacked(_publicInput.stateRoot));
        _raw[4] = RLPWriter.writeBytes(abi.encodePacked(_publicInput.transactionsRoot));
        _raw[5] = _rlps.receiptsRoot;
        _raw[6] = _rlps.logsBloom;
        _raw[7] = _rlps.difficulty;
        _raw[8] = RLPWriter.writeUint(_publicInput.number);
        _raw[9] = RLPWriter.writeUint(_publicInput.gasLimit);
        _raw[10] = _rlps.gasUsed;
        _raw[11] = RLPWriter.writeUint(_publicInput.timestamp);
        _raw[12] = _rlps.extraData;
        _raw[13] = _rlps.mixHash;
        _raw[14] = _rlps.nonce;
        _raw[15] = RLPWriter.writeUint(_publicInput.baseFee);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes the various elements of a block header into a block hash(before shanghai).
     *
     * @param _publicInput Public input which should be hashed to a block hash.
     * @param _rlps        Pre-RLP encoded data which should be hashed to a block hash.
     *
     * @return Hashed block header.
     */
    function hashBlockHeader(
        Types.PublicInput memory _publicInput,
        Types.BlockHeaderRLP memory _rlps
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes[] memory raw = new bytes[](16);
        _fillBlockHashFieldsToBytes(_publicInput, _rlps, raw);
        return keccak256(RLPWriter.writeList(raw));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes the various elements of a block header into a block hash(after shanghai).
     *
     * @param _publicInput Public input which should be hashed to a block hash.
     * @param _rlps        Pre-RLP encoded data which should be hashed to a block hash.
     *
     * @return Hashed block header.
     */
    function hashBlockHeaderShanghai(
        Types.PublicInput memory _publicInput,
        Types.BlockHeaderRLP memory _rlps
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes[] memory raw = new bytes[](17);
        _fillBlockHashFieldsToBytes(_publicInput, _rlps, raw);
        raw[16] = RLPWriter.writeBytes(abi.encodePacked(_publicInput.withdrawalsRoot));
        return keccak256(RLPWriter.writeList(raw));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes the various elements of a public input into a public input hash.
     *
     * @param _prevStateRoot Previous state root.
     * @param _publicInput   Public input which should be hashed to a public input hash.
     * @param _dummyHashes   Dummy hashes returned from generateDummyHashes().
     *
     * @return Hashed block header.
     */
    function hashPublicInput(
        bytes32 _prevStateRoot,
        Types.PublicInput memory _publicInput,
        bytes32[] memory _dummyHashes
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    _prevStateRoot,
                    _publicInput.stateRoot,
                    _publicInput.withdrawalsRoot,
                    _publicInput.blockHash,
                    _publicInput.parentHash,
                    _publicInput.number,
                    _publicInput.timestamp,
                    _publicInput.baseFee,
                    _publicInput.gasLimit,
                    uint16(_publicInput.txHashes.length),
                    _publicInput.txHashes,
                    _dummyHashes
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Generates a bytes32 array filled with a dummy hash for the given length.
     *
     * @param _dummyHashes Dummy hash.
     * @param _length      A length of the array.
     *
     * @return Bytes32 array filled with dummy hash.
     */
    function generateDummyHashes(bytes32 _dummyHashes, uint256 _length)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32[] memory)
    {
        bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](_length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _length; i++) {
            hashes[i] = _dummyHashes;
        }
        return hashes;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import {
    OwnableUpgradeable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";

import { Constants } from "../libraries/Constants.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { ResourceMetering } from "./ResourceMetering.sol";

/**
 * @title SystemConfig
 * @notice The SystemConfig contract is used to manage configuration of a Kroma network. All
 *         configuration is stored on L1 and picked up by L2 as part of the derivation of the L2
 *         chain.
 */
contract SystemConfig is OwnableUpgradeable, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Enum representing different types of updates.
     *
     * @custom:value BATCHER                 Represents an update to the batcher hash.
     * @custom:value GAS_CONFIG              Represents an update to txn fee config on L2.
     * @custom:value GAS_LIMIT               Represents an update to gas limit on L2.
     * @custom:value UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER     Represents an update to the signer key for unsafe
     *                                       block distribution.
     * @custom:value VALIDATOR_REWARD_SCALAR Represents an update to validator reward scalar.
     */
    enum UpdateType {
        BATCHER,
        GAS_CONFIG,
        GAS_LIMIT,
        UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER,
        VALIDATOR_REWARD_SCALAR
    }

    /**
     * @notice Version identifier, used for upgrades.
     */
    uint256 public constant VERSION = 0;

    /**
     * @notice Storage slot that the unsafe block signer is stored at. Storing it at this
     *         deterministic storage slot allows for decoupling the storage layout from the way
     *         that `solc` lays out storage. The `kroma-node` uses a storage proof to fetch this value.
     */
    bytes32 public constant UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER_SLOT = keccak256("systemconfig.unsafeblocksigner");

    /**
     * @notice Fixed L2 gas overhead. Used as part of the L2 fee calculation.
     */
    uint256 public overhead;

    /**
     * @notice Dynamic L2 gas overhead. Used as part of the L2 fee calculation.
     */
    uint256 public scalar;

    /**
     * @notice Identifier for the batcher. For version 1 of this configuration, this is represented
     *         as an address left-padded with zeros to 32 bytes.
     */
    bytes32 public batcherHash;

    /**
     * @notice L2 block gas limit.
     */
    uint64 public gasLimit;

    /**
     * @notice The configuration for the deposit fee market. Used by the KromaPortal
     *         to meter the cost of buying L2 gas on L1. Set as internal and wrapped with a getter
     *         so that the struct is returned instead of a tuple.
     */
    ResourceMetering.ResourceConfig internal _resourceConfig;

    /**
     * @notice The scalar value to distribute transaction fees as validator reward.
     *         The denominator is 10000, so the ratio is expressed in 4 decimal places.
     */
    uint256 public validatorRewardScalar;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when configuration is updated
     *
     * @param version    SystemConfig version.
     * @param updateType Type of update.
     * @param data       Encoded update data.
     */
    event ConfigUpdate(uint256 indexed version, UpdateType indexed updateType, bytes data);

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _owner                 Initial owner of the contract.
     * @param _overhead              Initial overhead value.
     * @param _scalar                Initial scalar value.
     * @param _batcherHash           Initial batcher hash.
     * @param _gasLimit              Initial gas limit.
     * @param _unsafeBlockSigner     Initial unsafe block signer address.
     * @param _config                Initial resource config.
     * @param _validatorRewardScalar Initial validator reward scalar.
     */
    constructor(
        address _owner,
        uint256 _overhead,
        uint256 _scalar,
        bytes32 _batcherHash,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        address _unsafeBlockSigner,
        ResourceMetering.ResourceConfig memory _config,
        uint256 _validatorRewardScalar
    ) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        initialize(
            _owner,
            _overhead,
            _scalar,
            _batcherHash,
            _gasLimit,
            _unsafeBlockSigner,
            _config,
            _validatorRewardScalar
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer. The resource config must be set before the
     *         require check.
     *
     * @param _owner                 Initial owner of the contract.
     * @param _overhead              Initial overhead value.
     * @param _scalar                Initial scalar value.
     * @param _batcherHash           Initial batcher hash.
     * @param _gasLimit              Initial gas limit.
     * @param _unsafeBlockSigner     Initial unsafe block signer address.
     * @param _config                Initial ResourceConfig.
     * @param _validatorRewardScalar Initial validator reward scalar.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _owner,
        uint256 _overhead,
        uint256 _scalar,
        bytes32 _batcherHash,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        address _unsafeBlockSigner,
        ResourceMetering.ResourceConfig memory _config,
        uint256 _validatorRewardScalar
    ) public initializer {
        __Ownable_init();
        transferOwnership(_owner);
        overhead = _overhead;
        scalar = _scalar;
        batcherHash = _batcherHash;
        gasLimit = _gasLimit;
        _setUnsafeBlockSigner(_unsafeBlockSigner);
        _setResourceConfig(_config);
        require(_gasLimit >= minimumGasLimit(), "SystemConfig: gas limit too low");
        validatorRewardScalar = _validatorRewardScalar;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the minimum L2 gas limit that can be safely set for the system to
     *         operate. The L2 gas limit must be larger than or equal to the amount of
     *         gas that is allocated for deposits per block plus the amount of gas that
     *         is allocated for the system transaction.
     *         This function is used to determine if changes to parameters are safe.
     *
     * @return uint64
     */
    function minimumGasLimit() public view returns (uint64) {
        return uint64(_resourceConfig.maxResourceLimit) + uint64(_resourceConfig.systemTxMaxGas);
    }

    /**
     * @notice High level getter for the unsafe block signer address. Unsafe blocks can be
     *         propagated across the p2p network if they are signed by the key corresponding to
     *         this address.
     *
     * @return Address of the unsafe block signer.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line ordering
    function unsafeBlockSigner() external view returns (address) {
        address addr;
        bytes32 slot = UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER_SLOT;
        assembly {
            addr := sload(slot)
        }
        return addr;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the unsafe block signer address.
     *
     * @param _unsafeBlockSigner New unsafe block signer address.
     */
    function setUnsafeBlockSigner(address _unsafeBlockSigner) external onlyOwner {
        _setUnsafeBlockSigner(_unsafeBlockSigner);

        bytes memory data = abi.encode(_unsafeBlockSigner);
        emit ConfigUpdate(VERSION, UpdateType.UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER, data);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the batcher hash.
     *
     * @param _batcherHash New batcher hash.
     */
    function setBatcherHash(bytes32 _batcherHash) external onlyOwner {
        batcherHash = _batcherHash;

        bytes memory data = abi.encode(_batcherHash);
        emit ConfigUpdate(VERSION, UpdateType.BATCHER, data);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates gas config.
     *
     * @param _overhead New overhead value.
     * @param _scalar   New scalar value.
     */
    function setGasConfig(uint256 _overhead, uint256 _scalar) external onlyOwner {
        overhead = _overhead;
        scalar = _scalar;

        bytes memory data = abi.encode(_overhead, _scalar);
        emit ConfigUpdate(VERSION, UpdateType.GAS_CONFIG, data);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the L2 gas limit.
     *
     * @param _gasLimit New gas limit.
     */
    function setGasLimit(uint64 _gasLimit) external onlyOwner {
        require(_gasLimit >= minimumGasLimit(), "SystemConfig: gas limit too low");
        gasLimit = _gasLimit;

        bytes memory data = abi.encode(_gasLimit);
        emit ConfigUpdate(VERSION, UpdateType.GAS_LIMIT, data);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Low level setter for the unsafe block signer address. This function exists to
     *         deduplicate code around storing the unsafeBlockSigner address in storage.
     *
     * @param _unsafeBlockSigner New unsafeBlockSigner value.
     */
    function _setUnsafeBlockSigner(address _unsafeBlockSigner) internal {
        bytes32 slot = UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER_SLOT;
        assembly {
            sstore(slot, _unsafeBlockSigner)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice A getter for the resource config. Ensures that the struct is
     *         returned instead of a tuple.
     *
     * @return ResourceConfig
     */
    function resourceConfig() external view returns (ResourceMetering.ResourceConfig memory) {
        return _resourceConfig;
    }

    /**
     * @notice An external setter for the resource config. In the future, this
     *         method may emit an event that the `kroma-node` picks up for when the
     *         resource config is changed.
     *
     * @param _config The new resource config values.
     */
    function setResourceConfig(ResourceMetering.ResourceConfig memory _config) external onlyOwner {
        _setResourceConfig(_config);
    }

    /**
     * @notice An internal setter for the resource config. Ensures that the
     *         config is sane before storing it by checking for invariants.
     *
     * @param _config The new resource config.
     */
    function _setResourceConfig(ResourceMetering.ResourceConfig memory _config) internal {
        // Min base fee must be less than or equal to max base fee.
        require(
            _config.minimumBaseFee <= _config.maximumBaseFee,
            "SystemConfig: min base fee must be less than max base"
        );
        // Base fee change denominator must be greater than 1.
        require(
            _config.baseFeeMaxChangeDenominator > 1,
            "SystemConfig: denominator must be larger than 1"
        );
        // Max resource limit plus system tx gas must be less than or equal to the L2 gas limit.
        // The gas limit must be increased before these values can be increased.
        require(
            _config.maxResourceLimit + _config.systemTxMaxGas <= gasLimit,
            "SystemConfig: gas limit too low"
        );
        // Elasticity multiplier must be greater than 0.
        require(
            _config.elasticityMultiplier > 0,
            "SystemConfig: elasticity multiplier cannot be 0"
        );
        // No precision loss when computing target resource limit.
        require(
            ((_config.maxResourceLimit / _config.elasticityMultiplier) *
                _config.elasticityMultiplier) == _config.maxResourceLimit,
            "SystemConfig: precision loss with target resource limit"
        );

        _resourceConfig = _config;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the validator reward scalar.
     *
     * @param _validatorRewardScalar New validator reward scalar.
     */
    function setValidatorRewardScalar(uint256 _validatorRewardScalar) external onlyOwner {
        require(
            _validatorRewardScalar <= Constants.VALIDATOR_REWARD_DENOMINATOR,
            "SystemConfig: the max value of validator reward scalar has been exceeded"
        );

        validatorRewardScalar = _validatorRewardScalar;

        bytes memory data = abi.encode(_validatorRewardScalar);
        emit ConfigUpdate(VERSION, UpdateType.VALIDATOR_REWARD_SCALAR, data);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Bytes } from "../libraries/Bytes.sol";
import { NodeReader } from "../libraries/NodeReader.sol";
import { IZKMerkleTrie } from "./IZKMerkleTrie.sol";
import { ZKTrieHasher } from "./ZKTrieHasher.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @title ZKMerkleTrie
 * @notice The ZKMerkleTrie is contract which can produce a hash according to ZKTrie.
 *         This owns an interface of Poseidon2 that is required to compute hash used by ZKTrie.
 */
contract ZKMerkleTrie is IZKMerkleTrie, ZKTrieHasher {
    /**
     * @notice Struct representing a node in the trie.
     */
    struct TrieNode {
        bytes encoded;
        NodeReader.Node decoded;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Magic hash which indicates
     *         See https://github.com/kroma-network/zktrie/blob/main/trie/zk_trie_proof.go.
     */
    bytes32 private constant MAGIC_SMT_BYTES_HASH =
        keccak256(
            hex"5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449"
        );

    /**
     * @param _poseidon2 The address of poseidon2 contract.
     */
    constructor(address _poseidon2) ZKTrieHasher(_poseidon2) {}

    /**
     * @notice Checks if a given bytes is MAGIC_SMT_BYTES_HASH.
     *
     * @param _value Bytes to be compared.
     */
    function isMagicSmtBytesHash(bytes memory _value) private pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak256(_value) == MAGIC_SMT_BYTES_HASH;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IZKMerkleTrie
     */
    function verifyInclusionProof(
        bytes32 _key,
        bytes memory _value,
        bytes[] memory _proofs,
        bytes32 _root
    ) external view returns (bool) {
        (bool exists, bytes memory value) = this.get(_key, _proofs, _root);
        return (exists && Bytes.equal(_value, value));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the value associated with a given key.
     *
     * @param _key    Key to search for, as hex bytes.
     * @param _proofs Merkle trie inclusion proof for the key.
     * @param _root   Known root of the Merkle trie.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the key exists.
     * @return Value of the key if it exists.
     */
    function get(
        bytes32 _key,
        bytes[] memory _proofs,
        bytes32 _root
    ) external view returns (bool, bytes memory) {
        require(_proofs.length >= 2, "ZKMerkleTrie: provided proof is too short");
        require(
            isMagicSmtBytesHash(_proofs[_proofs.length - 1]),
            "ZKMerkleTrie: the last item is not magic hash"
        );
        bytes32 key = _hashElem(_key);
        TrieNode[] memory nodes = _parseProofs(_proofs);
        NodeReader.Node memory currentNode;
        bytes32 computedKey = bytes32(0);
        bool exists = false;
        bool empty = false;
        bytes memory value = bytes("");
        for (uint256 i = nodes.length - 2; i >= 0; ) {
            currentNode = nodes[i].decoded;
            if (currentNode.nodeType == NodeReader.NodeType.MIDDLE) {
                bool isLeft = _isLeft(key, i);
                if (isLeft) {
                    require(computedKey == currentNode.childL, "ZKMerkleTrie: invalid key L");
                } else {
                    require(computedKey == currentNode.childR, "ZKMerkleTrie: invalid key R");
                }
                computedKey = _hashFixed2Elems(
                    currentNode.childL,
                    currentNode.childR
                );
            } else if (currentNode.nodeType == NodeReader.NodeType.LEAF) {
                require(!exists && !empty, "ZKMerkleTrie: duplicated terminal node");
                exists = currentNode.nodeKey == key;
                if (!exists) {
                    break;
                }
                computedKey = _hashFixed3Elems(
                    bytes32(uint256(1)),
                    currentNode.nodeKey,
                    _valueHash(currentNode.compressedFlags, currentNode.valuePreimage)
                );
                bytes32[] memory valuePreimage = currentNode.valuePreimage;
                uint256 len = valuePreimage.length;
                assembly {
                    value := valuePreimage
                    mstore(value, mul(len, 32))
                }
                if (currentNode.keyPreimage != bytes32(0)) {
                    // NOTE(chokobole): The comparison order is important, because in this setting,
                    // first condition is mostly evaluted to be true. When we're sure about
                    // database preimage, then we need to enable just one of check below!
                    require(
                        currentNode.keyPreimage == _key || currentNode.keyPreimage == key,
                        "ZKMerkleTrie: invalid key preimage"
                    );
                }
            } else if (currentNode.nodeType == NodeReader.NodeType.EMPTY) {
                require(!exists && !empty, "ZKMerkleTrie: duplicated terminal node");
                empty = true;
            }
            if (i == 0) {
                require(computedKey == _root, "ZKMerkeTrie: invalid root");
                break;
            }
            unchecked {
                --i;
            }
        }
        return (exists, value);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses an array of proof elements into a new array that contains both the original
     *         encoded element and the decoded element.
     *
     * @param _proofs Array of proof elements to parse.
     *
     * @return TrieNode parsed into easily accessible structs.
     */
    function _parseProofs(bytes[] memory _proofs) private pure returns (TrieNode[] memory) {
        uint256 length = _proofs.length;
        TrieNode[] memory nodes = new TrieNode[](length);
        // NOTE(chokobole): Last proof is MAGIC_SMT_BYTES_HASH!
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length - 1; ) {
            NodeReader.Node memory node = NodeReader.readNode(_proofs[i]);
            nodes[i] = TrieNode({ encoded: _proofs[i], decoded: node });
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        return nodes;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes merkle path at index n based on a given keyPreimage.
     *
     * @param _keyPreimage Keypreimage.
     * @param _n           Bit to mask.
     *
     * @return Whether merkle path is left or not.
     */
    function _isLeft(bytes32 _keyPreimage, uint256 _n) private pure returns (bool) {
        require(_n < 256, "ZKMerkleTrie: too long depth");
        return _keyPreimage & bytes32(1 << _n) == 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Math } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
import { SignedMath } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SignedMath.sol";
import { FixedPointMathLib } from "@rari-capital/solmate/src/utils/FixedPointMathLib.sol";

/**
 * @title Arithmetic
 * @notice Even more math than before.
 */
library Arithmetic {
    /**
     * @notice Clamps a value between a minimum and maximum.
     *
     * @param _value The value to clamp.
     * @param _min   The minimum value.
     * @param _max   The maximum value.
     *
     * @return The clamped value.
     */
    function clamp(
        int256 _value,
        int256 _min,
        int256 _max
    ) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return SignedMath.min(SignedMath.max(_value, _min), _max);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Clamps a value between a minimum and maximum.
     *
     * @param _value The value to clamp.
     * @param _min   The minimum value.
     * @param _max   The maximum value.
     *
     * @return The clamped value.
     */
    function clamp(
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _min,
        uint256 _max
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return Math.min(Math.max(_value, _min), _max);
    }

    /**
     * @notice (c)oefficient (d)enominator (exp)onentiation function.
     *         Returns the result of: c * (1 - 1/d)^exp.
     *
     * @param _coefficient Coefficient of the function.
     * @param _denominator Fractional denominator.
     * @param _exponent    Power function exponent.
     *
     * @return Result of c * (1 - 1/d)^exp.
     */
    function cdexp(
        int256 _coefficient,
        int256 _denominator,
        int256 _exponent
    ) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return
            (_coefficient *
                (FixedPointMathLib.powWad(1e18 - (1e18 / _denominator), _exponent * 1e18))) / 1e18;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { SafeCall } from "./SafeCall.sol";

/**
 * @title Burn
 * @notice Utilities for burning stuff.
 */
library Burn {
    /**
     * Burns a given amount of ETH.
     * Note that execution engine of Kroma does not support SELFDESTRUCT opcode, so it sends ETH to zero address.
     *
     * @param _amount Amount of ETH to burn.
     */
    function eth(uint256 _amount) internal {
        SafeCall.call(address(0), gasleft(), _amount, "");
    }

    /**
     * Burns a given amount of gas.
     *
     * @param _amount Amount of gas to burn.
     */
    function gas(uint256 _amount) internal view {
        uint256 i = 0;
        uint256 initialGas = gasleft();
        while (initialGas - gasleft() < _amount) {
            ++i;
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Address } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import { ERC165Checker } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol";
import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import { SafeERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";

import { SafeCall } from "../libraries/SafeCall.sol";
import { CrossDomainMessenger } from "./CrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import { IKromaMintableERC20 } from "./IKromaMintableERC20.sol";
import { KromaMintableERC20 } from "./KromaMintableERC20.sol";

/**
 * @custom:upgradeable
 * @title StandardBridge
 * @notice StandardBridge is a base contract for the L1 and L2 standard ERC20 bridges. It handles
 *         the core bridging logic, including escrowing tokens that are native to the local chain
 *         and minting/burning tokens that are native to the remote chain.
 */
abstract contract StandardBridge {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    /**
     * @notice The L2 gas limit set when eth is depoisited using the receive() function.
     */
    uint32 internal constant RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT = 200_000;

    /**
     * @notice Messenger contract on this domain.
     */
    CrossDomainMessenger public immutable MESSENGER;

    /**
     * @notice Corresponding bridge on the other domain.
     */
    StandardBridge public immutable OTHER_BRIDGE;

    /**
     * @notice Mapping that stores deposits for a given pair of local and remote tokens.
     */
    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) public deposits;

    /**
     * @notice Reserve extra slots (to a total of 50) in the storage layout for future upgrades.
     *         A gap size of 49 was chosen here, so that the first slot used in a child contract
     *         would be a multiple of 50.
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ETH bridge is initiated to the other chain.
     *
     * @param from      Address of the sender.
     * @param to        Address of the receiver.
     * @param amount    Amount of ETH sent.
     * @param extraData Extra data sent with the transaction.
     */
    event ETHBridgeInitiated(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ETH bridge is finalized on this chain.
     *
     * @param from      Address of the sender.
     * @param to        Address of the receiver.
     * @param amount    Amount of ETH sent.
     * @param extraData Extra data sent with the transaction.
     */
    event ETHBridgeFinalized(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ERC20 bridge is initiated to the other chain.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the ERC20 on the remote chain.
     * @param from        Address of the sender.
     * @param to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param amount      Amount of the ERC20 sent.
     * @param extraData   Extra data sent with the transaction.
     */
    event ERC20BridgeInitiated(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ERC20 bridge is finalized on this chain.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the ERC20 on the remote chain.
     * @param from        Address of the sender.
     * @param to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param amount      Amount of the ERC20 sent.
     * @param extraData   Extra data sent with the transaction.
     */
    event ERC20BridgeFinalized(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Only allow EOAs to call the functions. Note that this is not safe against contracts
     *         calling code within their constructors, but also doesn't really matter since we're
     *         just trying to prevent users accidentally depositing with smart contract wallets.
     */
    modifier onlyEOA() {
        require(
            !Address.isContract(msg.sender),
            "StandardBridge: function can only be called from an EOA"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Ensures that the caller is a cross-chain message from the other bridge.
     */
    modifier onlyOtherBridge() {
        require(
            msg.sender == address(MESSENGER) &&
                MESSENGER.xDomainMessageSender() == address(OTHER_BRIDGE),
            "StandardBridge: function can only be called from the other bridge"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @param _messenger   Address of CrossDomainMessenger on this network.
     * @param _otherBridge Address of the other StandardBridge contract.
     */
    constructor(address payable _messenger, address payable _otherBridge) {
        MESSENGER = CrossDomainMessenger(_messenger);
        OTHER_BRIDGE = StandardBridge(_otherBridge);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows EOAs to bridge ETH by sending directly to the bridge.
     *         Must be implemented by contracts that inherit.
     */
    receive() external payable virtual;

    /**
     * @notice Sends ETH to the sender's address on the other chain.
     *
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function bridgeETH(uint32 _minGasLimit, bytes calldata _extraData) public payable onlyEOA {
        _initiateBridgeETH(msg.sender, msg.sender, msg.value, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ETH to a receiver's address on the other chain. Note that if ETH is sent to a
     *         smart contract and the call fails, the ETH will be temporarily locked in the
     *         StandardBridge on the other chain until the call is replayed. If the call cannot be
     *         replayed with any amount of gas (call always reverts), then the ETH will be
     *         permanently locked in the StandardBridge on the other chain. ETH will also
     *         be locked if the receiver is the other bridge, because finalizeBridgeETH will revert
     *         in that case.
     *
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function bridgeETHTo(
        address _to,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public payable {
        _initiateBridgeETH(msg.sender, _to, msg.value, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ERC20 tokens to the sender's address on the other chain. Note that if the
     *         ERC20 token on the other chain does not recognize the local token as the correct
     *         pair token, the ERC20 bridge will fail and the tokens will be returned to sender on
     *         this chain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param _amount      Amount of local tokens to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function bridgeERC20(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public onlyEOA {
        _initiateBridgeERC20(
            _localToken,
            _remoteToken,
            msg.sender,
            msg.sender,
            _amount,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ERC20 tokens to a receiver's address on the other chain. Note that if the
     *         ERC20 token on the other chain does not recognize the local token as the correct
     *         pair token, the ERC20 bridge will fail and the tokens will be returned to sender on
     *         this chain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount      Amount of local tokens to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function bridgeERC20To(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public {
        _initiateBridgeERC20(
            _localToken,
            _remoteToken,
            msg.sender,
            _to,
            _amount,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Finalizes an ETH bridge on this chain. Can only be triggered by the other
     *         StandardBridge contract on the remote chain.
     *
     * @param _from      Address of the sender.
     * @param _to        Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount    Amount of ETH being bridged.
     * @param _extraData Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                   not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                   to identify the transaction.
     */
    function finalizeBridgeETH(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public payable onlyOtherBridge {
        require(msg.value == _amount, "StandardBridge: amount sent does not match amount required");
        require(_to != address(this), "StandardBridge: cannot send to self");
        require(_to != address(MESSENGER), "StandardBridge: cannot send to messenger");

        emit ETHBridgeFinalized(_from, _to, _amount, _extraData);

        bool success = SafeCall.call(_to, gasleft(), _amount, hex"");
        require(success, "StandardBridge: ETH transfer failed");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Finalizes an ERC20 bridge on this chain. Can only be triggered by the other
     *         StandardBridge contract on the remote chain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param _from        Address of the sender.
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the ERC20 being bridged.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function finalizeBridgeERC20(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public onlyOtherBridge {
        if (_isKromaMintableERC20(_localToken)) {
            require(
                _isCorrectTokenPair(_localToken, _remoteToken),
                "StandardBridge: wrong remote token for Kroma Mintable ERC20 local token"
            );

            KromaMintableERC20(_localToken).mint(_to, _amount);
        } else {
            deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken] = deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken] - _amount;
            IERC20(_localToken).safeTransfer(_to, _amount);
        }

        emit ERC20BridgeFinalized(_localToken, _remoteToken, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initiates a bridge of ETH through the CrossDomainMessenger.
     *
     * @param _from        Address of the sender.
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount      Amount of ETH being bridged.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function _initiateBridgeETH(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes memory _extraData
    ) internal {
        require(
            msg.value == _amount,
            "StandardBridge: bridging ETH must include sufficient ETH value"
        );

        emit ETHBridgeInitiated(_from, _to, _amount, _extraData);

        MESSENGER.sendMessage{ value: _amount }(
            address(OTHER_BRIDGE),
            abi.encodeWithSelector(
                this.finalizeBridgeETH.selector,
                _from,
                _to,
                _amount,
                _extraData
            ),
            _minGasLimit
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ERC20 tokens to a receiver's address on the other chain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount      Amount of local tokens to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function _initiateBridgeERC20(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes memory _extraData
    ) internal {
        if (_isKromaMintableERC20(_localToken)) {
            require(
                _isCorrectTokenPair(_localToken, _remoteToken),
                "StandardBridge: wrong remote token for Kroma Mintable ERC20 local token"
            );

            KromaMintableERC20(_localToken).burn(_from, _amount);
        } else {
            IERC20(_localToken).safeTransferFrom(_from, address(this), _amount);
            deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken] = deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken] + _amount;
        }

        emit ERC20BridgeInitiated(_localToken, _remoteToken, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);

        MESSENGER.sendMessage(
            address(OTHER_BRIDGE),
            abi.encodeWithSelector(
                this.finalizeBridgeERC20.selector,
                // Because this call will be executed on the remote chain, we reverse the order of
                // the remote and local token addresses relative to their order in the
                // finalizeBridgeERC20 function.
                _remoteToken,
                _localToken,
                _from,
                _to,
                _amount,
                _extraData
            ),
            _minGasLimit
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Checks if a given address is a KromaMintableERC20. Not perfect, but good enough.
     *         Just the way we like it.
     *
     * @param _token Address of the token to check.
     *
     * @return True if the token is a KromaMintableERC20.
     */
    function _isKromaMintableERC20(address _token) internal view returns (bool) {
        return ERC165Checker.supportsInterface(_token, type(IKromaMintableERC20).interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Checks if the "other token" is the correct pair token for the KromaMintableERC20.
     *
     * @param _mintableToken KromaMintableERC20 to check against.
     * @param _otherToken    Pair token to check.
     *
     * @return True if the other token is the correct pair token for the KromaMintableERC20.
     */
    function _isCorrectTokenPair(address _mintableToken, address _otherToken)
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return _otherToken == KromaMintableERC20(_mintableToken).REMOTE_TOKEN();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Hashing } from "./Hashing.sol";
import { Types } from "./Types.sol";
import { RLPWriter } from "./rlp/RLPWriter.sol";

/**
 * @title Encoding
 * @notice Encoding handles Kroma's various different encoding schemes.
 */
library Encoding {
    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes the L2 transaction that would be generated when a given deposit is sent
     *         to the L2 system. Useful for searching for a deposit in the L2 system. The
     *         transaction is prefixed with 0x7e to identify its EIP-2718 type.
     *
     * @param _tx User deposit transaction to encode.
     *
     * @return RLP encoded L2 deposit transaction.
     */
    function encodeDepositTransaction(Types.UserDepositTransaction memory _tx)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        bytes32 source = Hashing.hashDepositSource(_tx.l1BlockHash, _tx.logIndex);
        bytes[] memory raw = new bytes[](7);
        raw[0] = RLPWriter.writeBytes(abi.encodePacked(source));
        raw[1] = RLPWriter.writeAddress(_tx.from);
        raw[2] = _tx.isCreation ? RLPWriter.writeBytes("") : RLPWriter.writeAddress(_tx.to);
        raw[3] = RLPWriter.writeUint(_tx.mint);
        raw[4] = RLPWriter.writeUint(_tx.value);
        raw[5] = RLPWriter.writeUint(uint256(_tx.gasLimit));
        raw[6] = RLPWriter.writeBytes(_tx.data);
        return abi.encodePacked(uint8(0x7e), RLPWriter.writeList(raw));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encodes the cross domain message based on the version that is encoded into the
     *         message nonce.
     *
     * @param _nonce    Message nonce with version encoded into the first two bytes.
     * @param _sender   Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _target   Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _value    ETH value to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit to use for the message.
     * @param _data     Data to send with the message.
     *
     * @return Encoded cross domain message.
     */
    function encodeCrossDomainMessage(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        (, uint16 version) = decodeVersionedNonce(_nonce);
        if (version == 0) {
            return encodeCrossDomainMessageV0(_nonce, _sender, _target, _value, _gasLimit, _data);
        } else {
            revert("Encoding: unknown cross domain message version");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encodes a cross domain message based on the V0 (current) encoding.
     *
     * @param _nonce    Message nonce.
     * @param _sender   Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _target   Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _value    ETH value to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit to use for the message.
     * @param _data     Data to send with the message.
     *
     * @return Encoded cross domain message.
     */
    function encodeCrossDomainMessageV0(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encodeWithSignature(
                "relayMessage(uint256,address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)",
                _nonce,
                _sender,
                _target,
                _value,
                _gasLimit,
                _data
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Adds a version number into the first two bytes of a message nonce.
     *
     * @param _nonce   Message nonce to encode into.
     * @param _version Version number to encode into the message nonce.
     *
     * @return Message nonce with version encoded into the first two bytes.
     */
    function encodeVersionedNonce(uint240 _nonce, uint16 _version) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 nonce;
        assembly {
            nonce := or(shl(240, _version), _nonce)
        }
        return nonce;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Pulls the version out of a version-encoded nonce.
     *
     * @param _nonce Message nonce with version encoded into the first two bytes.
     *
     * @return Nonce without encoded version.
     * @return Version of the message.
     */
    function decodeVersionedNonce(uint256 _nonce) internal pure returns (uint240, uint16) {
        uint240 nonce;
        uint16 version;
        assembly {
            nonce := and(_nonce, 0x0000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff)
            version := shr(240, _nonce)
        }
        return (nonce, version);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @custom:attribution https://github.com/bakaoh/solidity-rlp-encode
 * @title RLPWriter
 * @author RLPWriter is a library for encoding Solidity types to RLP bytes. Adapted from Bakaoh's
 *         RLPEncode library (https://github.com/bakaoh/solidity-rlp-encode) with minor
 *         modifications to improve legibility.
 */
library RLPWriter {
    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a byte string.
     *
     * @param _in The byte string to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded string in bytes.
     */
    function writeBytes(bytes memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory encoded;

        if (_in.length == 1 && uint8(_in[0]) < 128) {
            encoded = _in;
        } else {
            encoded = abi.encodePacked(_writeLength(_in.length, 128), _in);
        }

        return encoded;
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a list of RLP encoded byte byte strings.
     *
     * @param _in The list of RLP encoded byte strings.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded list of items in bytes.
     */
    function writeList(bytes[] memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory list = _flatten(_in);
        return abi.encodePacked(_writeLength(list.length, 192), list);
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a string.
     *
     * @param _in The string to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded string in bytes.
     */
    function writeString(string memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return writeBytes(bytes(_in));
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes an address.
     *
     * @param _in The address to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded address in bytes.
     */
    function writeAddress(address _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return writeBytes(abi.encodePacked(_in));
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a uint.
     *
     * @param _in The uint256 to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded uint256 in bytes.
     */
    function writeUint(uint256 _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return writeBytes(_toBinary(_in));
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a bool.
     *
     * @param _in The bool to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded bool in bytes.
     */
    function writeBool(bool _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory encoded = new bytes(1);
        encoded[0] = (_in ? bytes1(0x01) : bytes1(0x80));
        return encoded;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encode the first byte and then the `len` in binary form if `length` is more than 55.
     *
     * @param _len    The length of the string or the payload.
     * @param _offset 128 if item is string, 192 if item is list.
     *
     * @return RLP encoded bytes.
     */
    function _writeLength(uint256 _len, uint256 _offset) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory encoded;

        if (_len < 56) {
            encoded = new bytes(1);
            encoded[0] = bytes1(uint8(_len) + uint8(_offset));
        } else {
            uint256 lenLen;
            uint256 i = 1;
            while (_len / i != 0) {
                lenLen++;
                i *= 256;
            }

            encoded = new bytes(lenLen + 1);
            encoded[0] = bytes1(uint8(lenLen) + uint8(_offset) + 55);
            for (i = 1; i <= lenLen; i++) {
                encoded[i] = bytes1(uint8((_len / (256**(lenLen - i))) % 256));
            }
        }

        return encoded;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encode integer in big endian binary form with no leading zeroes.
     *
     * @param _x The integer to encode.
     *
     * @return RLP encoded bytes.
     */
    function _toBinary(uint256 _x) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory b = abi.encodePacked(_x);

        uint256 i = 0;
        for (; i < 32; i++) {
            if (b[i] != 0) {
                break;
            }
        }

        bytes memory res = new bytes(32 - i);
        for (uint256 j = 0; j < res.length; j++) {
            res[j] = b[i++];
        }

        return res;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:attribution https://github.com/Arachnid/solidity-stringutils
     * @notice Copies a piece of memory to another location.
     *
     * @param _dest Destination location.
     * @param _src  Source location.
     * @param _len  Length of memory to copy.
     */
    function _memcpy(
        uint256 _dest,
        uint256 _src,
        uint256 _len
    ) private pure {
        uint256 dest = _dest;
        uint256 src = _src;
        uint256 len = _len;

        for (; len >= 32; len -= 32) {
            assembly {
                mstore(dest, mload(src))
            }
            dest += 32;
            src += 32;
        }

        uint256 mask;
        unchecked {
            mask = 256**(32 - len) - 1;
        }
        assembly {
            let srcpart := and(mload(src), not(mask))
            let destpart := and(mload(dest), mask)
            mstore(dest, or(destpart, srcpart))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @custom:attribution https://github.com/sammayo/solidity-rlp-encoder
     * @notice Flattens a list of byte strings into one byte string.
     *
     * @param _list List of byte strings to flatten.
     *
     * @return The flattened byte string.
     */
    function _flatten(bytes[] memory _list) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (_list.length == 0) {
            return new bytes(0);
        }

        uint256 len;
        uint256 i = 0;
        for (; i < _list.length; i++) {
            len += _list[i].length;
        }

        bytes memory flattened = new bytes(len);
        uint256 flattenedPtr;
        assembly {
            flattenedPtr := add(flattened, 0x20)
        }

        for (i = 0; i < _list.length; i++) {
            bytes memory item = _list[i];

            uint256 listPtr;
            assembly {
                listPtr := add(item, 0x20)
            }

            _memcpy(flattenedPtr, listPtr, item.length);
            flattenedPtr += _list[i].length;
        }

        return flattened;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Bytes
 * @notice Bytes is a library for manipulating byte arrays.
 */
library Bytes {
    /**
     * @notice Compares two byte arrays by comparing their keccak256 hashes.
     *
     * @param _bytes First byte array to compare.
     * @param _other Second byte array to compare.
     *
     * @return True if the two byte arrays are equal, false otherwise.
     */
    function equal(bytes memory _bytes, bytes memory _other) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak256(_bytes) == keccak256(_other);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title NodeReader
 * @notice NodeReader is a library for reading ZKTrie Node.
 */
library NodeReader {
    /**
     * @notice Node types.
     *         See https://github.com/kroma-network/zktrie/blob/main/types/README.md.
     *
     * @custom:value MIDDLE Represents a middle node.
     * @custom:value LEAF   Represents a leaf node.
     * @custom:value EMPTY  Represents a empty node.
     * @custom:value ROOT   Represents a root node.
     */
    enum NodeType {
        MIDDLE,
        LEAF,
        EMPTY,
        ROOT
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing a Node.
     *         See https://github.com/kroma-network/zktrie/blob/main/types/README.md.
     */
    struct Node {
        NodeType nodeType;
        bytes32 childL;
        bytes32 childR;
        bytes32 nodeKey;
        bytes32[] valuePreimage;
        uint32 compressedFlags;
        bytes32 valueHash;
        bytes32 keyPreimage;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing an Item.
     */
    struct Item {
        bytes ptr;
        uint256 len;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Converts bytes to Item.
     *
     * @param _bytes bytes to convert.
     *
     * @return Item referencing _bytes.
     */
    function toItem(bytes memory _bytes) internal pure returns (Item memory) {
        bytes memory ptr;
        assembly {
            ptr := add(_bytes, 32)
        }
        return Item({ ptr: ptr, len: _bytes.length });
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads an Item into an uint8.
     *         Internal ptr and length is updated automatically.
     *
     * @param _item Item to read.
     *
     * @return An uint8 value.
     */
    function readUint8(Item memory _item) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        require(_item.len >= 1, "NodeReader: too short for uint8");
        bytes memory newPtr;
        bytes memory ptr = _item.ptr;
        uint8 ret;
        assembly {
            ret := shr(248, mload(ptr))
            newPtr := add(ptr, 1)
        }
        _item.ptr = newPtr;
        _item.len -= 1;
        return ret;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads an Item into compressed flags and length of values.
     *         Internal ptr and length is updated automatically.
     *
     * @param _item Item to read.
     *
     * @return Compressed flags.
     * @return Length of values.
     */
    function readCompressedFlags(Item memory _item) internal pure returns (uint32, uint8) {
        require(_item.len >= 4, "NodeReader: too short for uint32");
        bytes memory newPtr;
        bytes memory ptr = _item.ptr;
        uint32 temp;
        uint8 flag;
        uint8 len;
        assembly {
            temp := mload(ptr)
            len := shr(248, temp)
            flag := shr(240, temp)
            newPtr := add(ptr, 4)
        }
        _item.ptr = newPtr;
        _item.len -= 4;
        return (flag, len);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads an Item into a bytes32.
     *         Internal ptr and length is updated automatically.
     *
     * @param _item Item to read.
     *
     * @return A bytes32 value.
     */
    function readBytes32(Item memory _item) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        require(_item.len >= 32, "NodeReader: too short for bytes32");
        bytes memory newPtr;
        bytes memory ptr = _item.ptr;
        bytes32 ret;
        assembly {
            ret := mload(ptr)
            newPtr := add(ptr, 32)
        }
        _item.ptr = newPtr;
        _item.len -= 32;
        return ret;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads an Item by n bytes into a bytes32.
     *         Internal ptr and length is updated automatically.
     *
     * @param _item Item to read.
     *
     * @return A bytes32 value.
     */
    function readBytesN(Item memory _item, uint256 _length) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        require(_item.len >= _length, "NodeReader: too short for n bytes");
        bytes memory newPtr;
        bytes memory ptr = _item.ptr;
        bytes32 ret;
        uint256 to = 256 - _length * 8;
        assembly {
            newPtr := add(ptr, _length)
            ret := shr(to, mload(ptr))
        }
        _item.ptr = newPtr;
        _item.len -= _length;
        return ret;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads bytes into a Node.
     *
     * @param _proof Bytes to read.
     *
     * @return A decoded Node.
     */
    function readNode(bytes memory _proof) internal pure returns (Node memory) {
        Node memory node;
        Item memory item = toItem(_proof);
        uint256 nodeType = readUint8(item);
        if (nodeType == uint256(NodeType.MIDDLE)) {
            // TODO(chokobole): Do the length check as much as possible at once and read the bytes.
            node.childL = readBytes32(item);
            node.childR = readBytes32(item);
        } else if (nodeType == uint256(NodeType.LEAF)) {
            // TODO(chokobole): Do the length check as much as possible at once and read the bytes.
            node.nodeKey = readBytes32(item);
            (uint32 compressedFlags, uint256 valuePreimageLen) = readCompressedFlags(item);
            require((compressedFlags == 1 && valuePreimageLen == 1) || (compressedFlags == 4 && valuePreimageLen == 4), "NodeReader: invalid compressedFlags");
            node.compressedFlags = compressedFlags;
            node.valuePreimage = new bytes32[](valuePreimageLen);
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < valuePreimageLen; ) {
                node.valuePreimage[i] = readBytes32(item);
                unchecked {
                    ++i;
                }
            }
            uint256 keyPreimageLen = readUint8(item);
            if (keyPreimageLen > 0) {
                node.keyPreimage = readBytesN(item, keyPreimageLen);
            }
        } else if (nodeType == uint256(NodeType.EMPTY)) {
            // Do nothing.
        } else if (nodeType == uint256(NodeType.ROOT)) {
            revert("NodeReader: unexpected root node type");
        } else {
            revert("NodeReader: invalid node type");
        }
        node.nodeType = NodeType(nodeType);
        return node;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

/**
 * @title IZKMerkleTrie
 */
interface IZKMerkleTrie {
    /**
     * @notice Verifies a proof that a given key/value pair is present in the trie.
     *
     * @param _key    Key of the node to search for, as a hex string.
     * @param _value  Value of the node to search for, as a hex string.
     * @param _proofs Merkle trie inclusion proof for the desired node.
     * @param _root   Known root of the Merkle trie. Used to verify that the included proof is
     *                correctly constructed.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the proof is valid.
     */
    function verifyInclusionProof(
        bytes32 _key,
        bytes memory _value,
        bytes[] memory _proofs,
        bytes32 _root
    ) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Ownable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

import { Bytes32 } from "../libraries/Bytes32.sol";

/**
 * @title IPoseidon2
 */
interface IPoseidon2 {
    function poseidon(bytes32[2] memory inputs) external pure returns (bytes32);
}

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @title ZKTrieHasher
 * @notice The ZKTrieHasher is contract which can produce a hash according to ZKTrie.
 *         This owns an interface of Poseidon2 that is required to compute hash used by ZKTrie.
 */
contract ZKTrieHasher {
    /**
     * @notice Poseidon2 contract generated by circomlibjs.
     */
    IPoseidon2 public immutable POSEIDON2;

    /**
     * @param _poseidon2 The address of poseidon2 contract.
     */
    constructor(address _poseidon2) {
        POSEIDON2 = IPoseidon2(_poseidon2);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes a hash of values.
     *
     * @param _compressedFlags Compressed flags.
     * @param _values          Values.
     *
     * @return A hash of values.
     */
    function _valueHash(uint32 _compressedFlags, bytes32[] memory _values)
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        require(_values.length >= 1, "ZKTrieHasher: too few values for _valueHash");
        bytes32[] memory ret = new bytes32[](_values.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _values.length; ) {
            if ((_compressedFlags & (1 << i)) != 0) {
                ret[i] = _hashElem(_values[i]);
            } else {
                ret[i] = _values[i];
            }
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        if (_values.length < 2) {
            return ret[0];
        }
        return _hashElems(ret);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes a hash of an element.
     *
     * @param _elem Bytes32 to be hashed.
     *
     * @return A hash of an element.
     */
    function _hashElem(bytes32 _elem) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        (bytes32 high, bytes32 low) = Bytes32.split(_elem);
        return POSEIDON2.poseidon([high, low]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes a root hash of elements tree.
     *
     * @param _elems Bytes32 array to be hashed.
     *
     * @return A hash of elements tree.
     */
    function _hashElems(bytes32[] memory _elems) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        require(_elems.length >= 4, "ZKTrieHasher: too few values for _hashElems");
        IPoseidon2 iposeidon = POSEIDON2;

        uint256 idx;
        uint256 adjacent_idx;

        uint256 adjacent_offset = 1;
        uint256 jump = 2;
        uint256 length = _elems.length;
        for (; adjacent_offset < length;) {
            for (idx = 0; idx < length;) {
                unchecked {
                    adjacent_idx = idx + adjacent_offset;
                }
                if (adjacent_idx < length) {
                    _elems[idx] = iposeidon.poseidon( [_elems[idx], _elems[adjacent_idx]] );
                }
                unchecked {
                    idx += jump;
                }
            }
            adjacent_offset = jump;
            jump <<= 1;
        }

        return _elems[0];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes a root hash of 2 elements.
     *
     * @param left_leaf  Bytes32 left leaf to be hashed.
     * @param right_leaf Bytes32 right leaf to be hashed.
     *
     * @return A hash of 2 elements.
     */
    function _hashFixed2Elems(bytes32 left_leaf, bytes32 right_leaf) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return POSEIDON2.poseidon([left_leaf, right_leaf]);
    }

   /**
     * @notice Computes a root hash of 3 elements.
     *
     * @param left_leaf  Bytes32 left leaf to be hashed.
     * @param right_leaf Bytes32 right leaf to be hashed.
     * @param up_leaf    Bytes32 up leaf to be hashed with left||right hash.
     *
     * @return A hash of 3 elements.
     */
    function _hashFixed3Elems(bytes32 left_leaf, bytes32 right_leaf, bytes32 up_leaf) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        IPoseidon2 iposeidon = POSEIDON2;
        left_leaf = iposeidon.poseidon([left_leaf, right_leaf]);
        return iposeidon.poseidon([left_leaf, up_leaf]);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/// @notice Arithmetic library with operations for fixed-point numbers.
/// @author Solmate (https://github.com/Rari-Capital/solmate/blob/main/src/utils/FixedPointMathLib.sol)
library FixedPointMathLib {
    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                    SIMPLIFIED FIXED POINT OPERATIONS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    uint256 internal constant WAD = 1e18; // The scalar of ETH and most ERC20s.

    function mulWadDown(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivDown(x, y, WAD); // Equivalent to (x * y) / WAD rounded down.
    }

    function mulWadUp(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivUp(x, y, WAD); // Equivalent to (x * y) / WAD rounded up.
    }

    function divWadDown(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivDown(x, WAD, y); // Equivalent to (x * WAD) / y rounded down.
    }

    function divWadUp(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivUp(x, WAD, y); // Equivalent to (x * WAD) / y rounded up.
    }

    function powWad(int256 x, int256 y) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Equivalent to x to the power of y because x ** y = (e ** ln(x)) ** y = e ** (ln(x) * y)
        return expWad((lnWad(x) * y) / int256(WAD)); // Using ln(x) means x must be greater than 0.
    }

    function expWad(int256 x) internal pure returns (int256 r) {
        unchecked {
            // When the result is < 0.5 we return zero. This happens when
            // x <= floor(log(0.5e18) * 1e18) ~ -42e18
            if (x <= -42139678854452767551) return 0;

            // When the result is > (2**255 - 1) / 1e18 we can not represent it as an
            // int. This happens when x >= floor(log((2**255 - 1) / 1e18) * 1e18) ~ 135.
            if (x >= 135305999368893231589) revert("EXP_OVERFLOW");

            // x is now in the range (-42, 136) * 1e18. Convert to (-42, 136) * 2**96
            // for more intermediate precision and a binary basis. This base conversion
            // is a multiplication by 1e18 / 2**96 = 5**18 / 2**78.
            x = (x << 78) / 5**18;

            // Reduce range of x to (-½ ln 2, ½ ln 2) * 2**96 by factoring out powers
            // of two such that exp(x) = exp(x') * 2**k, where k is an integer.
            // Solving this gives k = round(x / log(2)) and x' = x - k * log(2).
            int256 k = ((x << 96) / 54916777467707473351141471128 + 2**95) >> 96;
            x = x - k * 54916777467707473351141471128;

            // k is in the range [-61, 195].

            // Evaluate using a (6, 7)-term rational approximation.
            // p is made monic, we'll multiply by a scale factor later.
            int256 y = x + 1346386616545796478920950773328;
            y = ((y * x) >> 96) + 57155421227552351082224309758442;
            int256 p = y + x - 94201549194550492254356042504812;
            p = ((p * y) >> 96) + 28719021644029726153956944680412240;
            p = p * x + (4385272521454847904659076985693276 << 96);

            // We leave p in 2**192 basis so we don't need to scale it back up for the division.
            int256 q = x - 2855989394907223263936484059900;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 50020603652535783019961831881945;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) - 533845033583426703283633433725380;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 3604857256930695427073651918091429;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) - 14423608567350463180887372962807573;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 26449188498355588339934803723976023;

            assembly {
                // Div in assembly because solidity adds a zero check despite the unchecked.
                // The q polynomial won't have zeros in the domain as all its roots are complex.
                // No scaling is necessary because p is already 2**96 too large.
                r := sdiv(p, q)
            }

            // r should be in the range (0.09, 0.25) * 2**96.

            // We now need to multiply r by:
            // * the scale factor s = ~6.031367120.
            // * the 2**k factor from the range reduction.
            // * the 1e18 / 2**96 factor for base conversion.
            // We do this all at once, with an intermediate result in 2**213
            // basis, so the final right shift is always by a positive amount.
            r = int256((uint256(r) * 3822833074963236453042738258902158003155416615667) >> uint256(195 - k));
        }
    }

    function lnWad(int256 x) internal pure returns (int256 r) {
        unchecked {
            require(x > 0, "UNDEFINED");

            // We want to convert x from 10**18 fixed point to 2**96 fixed point.
            // We do this by multiplying by 2**96 / 10**18. But since
            // ln(x * C) = ln(x) + ln(C), we can simply do nothing here
            // and add ln(2**96 / 10**18) at the end.

            // Reduce range of x to (1, 2) * 2**96
            // ln(2^k * x) = k * ln(2) + ln(x)
            int256 k = int256(log2(uint256(x))) - 96;
            x <<= uint256(159 - k);
            x = int256(uint256(x) >> 159);

            // Evaluate using a (8, 8)-term rational approximation.
            // p is made monic, we will multiply by a scale factor later.
            int256 p = x + 3273285459638523848632254066296;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) + 24828157081833163892658089445524;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) + 43456485725739037958740375743393;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) - 11111509109440967052023855526967;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) - 45023709667254063763336534515857;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) - 14706773417378608786704636184526;
            p = p * x - (795164235651350426258249787498 << 96);

            // We leave p in 2**192 basis so we don't need to scale it back up for the division.
            // q is monic by convention.
            int256 q = x + 5573035233440673466300451813936;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 71694874799317883764090561454958;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 283447036172924575727196451306956;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 401686690394027663651624208769553;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 204048457590392012362485061816622;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 31853899698501571402653359427138;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 909429971244387300277376558375;
            assembly {
                // Div in assembly because solidity adds a zero check despite the unchecked.
                // The q polynomial is known not to have zeros in the domain.
                // No scaling required because p is already 2**96 too large.
                r := sdiv(p, q)
            }

            // r is in the range (0, 0.125) * 2**96

            // Finalization, we need to:
            // * multiply by the scale factor s = 5.549…
            // * add ln(2**96 / 10**18)
            // * add k * ln(2)
            // * multiply by 10**18 / 2**96 = 5**18 >> 78

            // mul s * 5e18 * 2**96, base is now 5**18 * 2**192
            r *= 1677202110996718588342820967067443963516166;
            // add ln(2) * k * 5e18 * 2**192
            r += 16597577552685614221487285958193947469193820559219878177908093499208371 * k;
            // add ln(2**96 / 10**18) * 5e18 * 2**192
            r += 600920179829731861736702779321621459595472258049074101567377883020018308;
            // base conversion: mul 2**18 / 2**192
            r >>= 174;
        }
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                    LOW LEVEL FIXED POINT OPERATIONS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function mulDivDown(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            // Store x * y in z for now.
            z := mul(x, y)

            // Equivalent to require(denominator != 0 && (x == 0 || (x * y) / x == y))
            if iszero(and(iszero(iszero(denominator)), or(iszero(x), eq(div(z, x), y)))) {
                revert(0, 0)
            }

            // Divide z by the denominator.
            z := div(z, denominator)
        }
    }

    function mulDivUp(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            // Store x * y in z for now.
            z := mul(x, y)

            // Equivalent to require(denominator != 0 && (x == 0 || (x * y) / x == y))
            if iszero(and(iszero(iszero(denominator)), or(iszero(x), eq(div(z, x), y)))) {
                revert(0, 0)
            }

            // First, divide z - 1 by the denominator and add 1.
            // We allow z - 1 to underflow if z is 0, because we multiply the
            // end result by 0 if z is zero, ensuring we return 0 if z is zero.
            z := mul(iszero(iszero(z)), add(div(sub(z, 1), denominator), 1))
        }
    }

    function rpow(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 n,
        uint256 scalar
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            switch x
            case 0 {
                switch n
                case 0 {
                    // 0 ** 0 = 1
                    z := scalar
                }
                default {
                    // 0 ** n = 0
                    z := 0
                }
            }
            default {
                switch mod(n, 2)
                case 0 {
                    // If n is even, store scalar in z for now.
                    z := scalar
                }
                default {
                    // If n is odd, store x in z for now.
                    z := x
                }

                // Shifting right by 1 is like dividing by 2.
                let half := shr(1, scalar)

                for {
                    // Shift n right by 1 before looping to halve it.
                    n := shr(1, n)
                } n {
                    // Shift n right by 1 each iteration to halve it.
                    n := shr(1, n)
                } {
                    // Revert immediately if x ** 2 would overflow.
                    // Equivalent to iszero(eq(div(xx, x), x)) here.
                    if shr(128, x) {
                        revert(0, 0)
                    }

                    // Store x squared.
                    let xx := mul(x, x)

                    // Round to the nearest number.
                    let xxRound := add(xx, half)

                    // Revert if xx + half overflowed.
                    if lt(xxRound, xx) {
                        revert(0, 0)
                    }

                    // Set x to scaled xxRound.
                    x := div(xxRound, scalar)

                    // If n is even:
                    if mod(n, 2) {
                        // Compute z * x.
                        let zx := mul(z, x)

                        // If z * x overflowed:
                        if iszero(eq(div(zx, x), z)) {
                            // Revert if x is non-zero.
                            if iszero(iszero(x)) {
                                revert(0, 0)
                            }
                        }

                        // Round to the nearest number.
                        let zxRound := add(zx, half)

                        // Revert if zx + half overflowed.
                        if lt(zxRound, zx) {
                            revert(0, 0)
                        }

                        // Return properly scaled zxRound.
                        z := div(zxRound, scalar)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        GENERAL NUMBER UTILITIES
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function sqrt(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            let y := x // We start y at x, which will help us make our initial estimate.

            z := 181 // The "correct" value is 1, but this saves a multiplication later.

            // This segment is to get a reasonable initial estimate for the Babylonian method. With a bad
            // start, the correct # of bits increases ~linearly each iteration instead of ~quadratically.

            // We check y >= 2^(k + 8) but shift right by k bits
            // each branch to ensure that if x >= 256, then y >= 256.
            if iszero(lt(y, 0x10000000000000000000000000000000000)) {
                y := shr(128, y)
                z := shl(64, z)
            }
            if iszero(lt(y, 0x1000000000000000000)) {
                y := shr(64, y)
                z := shl(32, z)
            }
            if iszero(lt(y, 0x10000000000)) {
                y := shr(32, y)
                z := shl(16, z)
            }
            if iszero(lt(y, 0x1000000)) {
                y := shr(16, y)
                z := shl(8, z)
            }

            // Goal was to get z*z*y within a small factor of x. More iterations could
            // get y in a tighter range. Currently, we will have y in [256, 256*2^16).
            // We ensured y >= 256 so that the relative difference between y and y+1 is small.
            // That's not possible if x < 256 but we can just verify those cases exhaustively.

            // Now, z*z*y <= x < z*z*(y+1), and y <= 2^(16+8), and either y >= 256, or x < 256.
            // Correctness can be checked exhaustively for x < 256, so we assume y >= 256.
            // Then z*sqrt(y) is within sqrt(257)/sqrt(256) of sqrt(x), or about 20bps.

            // For s in the range [1/256, 256], the estimate f(s) = (181/1024) * (s+1) is in the range
            // (1/2.84 * sqrt(s), 2.84 * sqrt(s)), with largest error when s = 1 and when s = 256 or 1/256.

            // Since y is in [256, 256*2^16), let a = y/65536, so that a is in [1/256, 256). Then we can estimate
            // sqrt(y) using sqrt(65536) * 181/1024 * (a + 1) = 181/4 * (y + 65536)/65536 = 181 * (y + 65536)/2^18.

            // There is no overflow risk here since y < 2^136 after the first branch above.
            z := shr(18, mul(z, add(y, 65536))) // A mul() is saved from starting z at 181.

            // Given the worst case multiplicative error of 2.84 above, 7 iterations should be enough.
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))

            // If x+1 is a perfect square, the Babylonian method cycles between
            // floor(sqrt(x)) and ceil(sqrt(x)). This statement ensures we return floor.
            // See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_square_root#Using_only_integer_division
            // Since the ceil is rare, we save gas on the assignment and repeat division in the rare case.
            // If you don't care whether the floor or ceil square root is returned, you can remove this statement.
            z := sub(z, lt(div(x, z), z))
        }
    }

    function log2(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 r) {
        require(x > 0, "UNDEFINED");

        assembly {
            r := shl(7, lt(0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff, x))
            r := or(r, shl(6, lt(0xffffffffffffffff, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(5, lt(0xffffffff, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(4, lt(0xffff, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(3, lt(0xff, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(2, lt(0xf, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(1, lt(0x3, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, lt(0x1, shr(r, x)))
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Library used to query support of an interface declared via {IERC165}.
 *
 * Note that these functions return the actual result of the query: they do not
 * `revert` if an interface is not supported. It is up to the caller to decide
 * what to do in these cases.
 */
library ERC165Checker {
    // As per the EIP-165 spec, no interface should ever match 0xffffffff
    bytes4 private constant _INTERFACE_ID_INVALID = 0xffffffff;

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` supports the {IERC165} interface.
     */
    function supportsERC165(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // Any contract that implements ERC165 must explicitly indicate support of
        // InterfaceId_ERC165 and explicitly indicate non-support of InterfaceId_Invalid
        return
            supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, type(IERC165).interfaceId) &&
            !supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, _INTERFACE_ID_INVALID);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` supports the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. Support for {IERC165} itself is queried automatically.
     *
     * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(address account, bytes4 interfaceId) internal view returns (bool) {
        // query support of both ERC165 as per the spec and support of _interfaceId
        return supportsERC165(account) && supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a boolean array where each value corresponds to the
     * interfaces passed in and whether they're supported or not. This allows
     * you to batch check interfaces for a contract where your expectation
     * is that some interfaces may not be supported.
     *
     * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function getSupportedInterfaces(
        address account,
        bytes4[] memory interfaceIds
    ) internal view returns (bool[] memory) {
        // an array of booleans corresponding to interfaceIds and whether they're supported or not
        bool[] memory interfaceIdsSupported = new bool[](interfaceIds.length);

        // query support of ERC165 itself
        if (supportsERC165(account)) {
            // query support of each interface in interfaceIds
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < interfaceIds.length; i++) {
                interfaceIdsSupported[i] = supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, interfaceIds[i]);
            }
        }

        return interfaceIdsSupported;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` supports all the interfaces defined in
     * `interfaceIds`. Support for {IERC165} itself is queried automatically.
     *
     * Batch-querying can lead to gas savings by skipping repeated checks for
     * {IERC165} support.
     *
     * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsAllInterfaces(address account, bytes4[] memory interfaceIds) internal view returns (bool) {
        // query support of ERC165 itself
        if (!supportsERC165(account)) {
            return false;
        }

        // query support of each interface in interfaceIds
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < interfaceIds.length; i++) {
            if (!supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, interfaceIds[i])) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        // all interfaces supported
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Query if a contract implements an interface, does not check ERC165 support
     * @param account The address of the contract to query for support of an interface
     * @param interfaceId The interface identifier, as specified in ERC-165
     * @return true if the contract at account indicates support of the interface with
     * identifier interfaceId, false otherwise
     * @dev Assumes that account contains a contract that supports ERC165, otherwise
     * the behavior of this method is undefined. This precondition can be checked
     * with {supportsERC165}.
     *
     * Some precompiled contracts will falsely indicate support for a given interface, so caution
     * should be exercised when using this function.
     *
     * Interface identification is specified in ERC-165.
     */
    function supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(address account, bytes4 interfaceId) internal view returns (bool) {
        // prepare call
        bytes memory encodedParams = abi.encodeWithSelector(IERC165.supportsInterface.selector, interfaceId);

        // perform static call
        bool success;
        uint256 returnSize;
        uint256 returnValue;
        assembly {
            success := staticcall(30000, account, add(encodedParams, 0x20), mload(encodedParams), 0x00, 0x20)
            returnSize := returndatasize()
            returnValue := mload(0x00)
        }

        return success && returnSize >= 0x20 && returnValue > 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.3) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance + value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance - value));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
     * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value);

        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, 0));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Use a ERC-2612 signature to set the `owner` approval toward `spender` on `token`.
     * Revert on invalid signature.
     */
    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        require(returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
        // and not revert is the subcall reverts.

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
        return
            success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && Address.isContract(address(token));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import {
    PausableUpgradeable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/PausableUpgradeable.sol";

import { Constants } from "../libraries/Constants.sol";
import { Encoding } from "../libraries/Encoding.sol";
import { Hashing } from "../libraries/Hashing.sol";
import { SafeCall } from "../libraries/SafeCall.sol";

/**
 * @custom:upgradeable
 * @title CrossDomainMessenger
 * @notice CrossDomainMessenger is a base contract that provides the core logic for the L1 and L2
 *         cross-chain messenger contracts. It's designed to be a universal interface that only
 *         needs to be extended slightly to provide low-level message passing functionality on each
 *         chain it's deployed on. Currently only designed for message passing between two paired
 *         chains and does not support one-to-many interactions.
 *
 *         Any changes to this contract MUST result in a semver bump for contracts that inherit it.
 */
abstract contract CrossDomainMessenger is PausableUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @notice Current message version identifier.
     */
    uint16 public constant MESSAGE_VERSION = 0;

    /**
     * @notice Constant overhead added to the base gas for a message.
     */
    uint64 public constant RELAY_CONSTANT_OVERHEAD = 200_000;

    /**
     * @notice Numerator for dynamic overhead added to the base gas for a message.
     */
    uint64 public constant MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_NUMERATOR = 64;

    /**
     * @notice Denominator for dynamic overhead added to the base gas for a message.
     */
    uint64 public constant MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_DENOMINATOR = 63;

    /**
     * @notice Extra gas added to base gas for each byte of calldata in a message.
     */
    uint64 public constant MIN_GAS_CALLDATA_OVERHEAD = 16;

    /**
     * @notice Gas reserved for performing the external call in `relayMessage`.
     */
    uint64 public constant RELAY_CALL_OVERHEAD = 40_000;

    /**
     * @notice Gas reserved for finalizing the execution of `relayMessage` after the safe call.
     */
    uint64 public constant RELAY_RESERVED_GAS = 40_000;

    /**
     * @notice Gas reserved for the execution between the `hasMinGas` check and the external
     *         call in `relayMessage`.
     */
    uint64 public constant RELAY_GAS_CHECK_BUFFER = 5_000;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the paired CrossDomainMessenger contract on the other chain.
     */
    address public immutable OTHER_MESSENGER;

    /**
     * @notice Mapping of message hashes to boolean receipt values. Note that a message will only
     *         be present in this mapping if it has successfully been relayed on this chain, and
     *         can therefore not be relayed again.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public successfulMessages;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the sender of the currently executing message on the other chain. If the
     *         value of this variable is the default value (0x00000000...dead) then no message is
     *         currently being executed. Use the xDomainMessageSender getter which will throw an
     *         error if this is the case.
     */
    address internal xDomainMsgSender;

    /**
     * @notice Nonce for the next message to be sent, without the message version applied. Use the
     *         messageNonce getter which will insert the message version into the nonce to give you
     *         the actual nonce to be used for the message.
     */
    uint240 internal msgNonce;

    /**
     * @notice Mapping of message hashes to a boolean if and only if the message has failed to be
     *         executed at least once. A message will not be present in this mapping if it
     *         successfully executed on the first attempt.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public failedMessages;

    /**
     * @notice Reserve extra slots in the storage layout for future upgrades.
     *         A gap size of 45 was chosen here, so that the first slot used in a child contract
     *         would be a multiple of 50.
     */
    uint256[45] private __gap;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever a message is sent to the other chain.
     *
     * @param target       Address of the recipient of the message.
     * @param sender       Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param value        ETH value sent along with the message to the recipient.
     * @param message      Message to trigger the recipient address with.
     * @param messageNonce Unique nonce attached to the message.
     * @param gasLimit     Minimum gas limit that the message can be executed with.
     */
    event SentMessage(
        address indexed target,
        address indexed sender,
        uint256 value,
        bytes message,
        uint256 messageNonce,
        uint256 gasLimit
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever a message is successfully relayed on this chain.
     *
     * @param msgHash Hash of the message that was relayed.
     */
    event RelayedMessage(bytes32 indexed msgHash);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever a message fails to be relayed on this chain.
     *
     * @param msgHash Hash of the message that failed to be relayed.
     */
    event FailedRelayedMessage(bytes32 indexed msgHash);

    /**
     * @param _otherMessenger Address of the messenger on the paired chain.
     */
    constructor(address _otherMessenger) {
        OTHER_MESSENGER = _otherMessenger;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends a message to some target address on the other chain. Note that if the call
     *         always reverts, then the message will be unrelayable, and any ETH sent will be
     *         permanently locked. The same will occur if the target on the other chain is
     *         considered unsafe (see the _isUnsafeTarget() function).
     *
     * @param _target      Target contract or wallet address.
     * @param _message     Message to trigger the target address with.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit that the message can be executed with.
     */
    function sendMessage(
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _message,
        uint32 _minGasLimit
    ) external payable {
        // Triggers a message to the other messenger. Note that the amount of gas provided to the
        // message is the amount of gas requested by the user PLUS the base gas value. We want to
        // guarantee the property that the call to the target contract will always have at least
        // the minimum gas limit specified by the user.
        _sendMessage(
            OTHER_MESSENGER,
            baseGas(_message, _minGasLimit),
            msg.value,
            abi.encodeWithSelector(
                this.relayMessage.selector,
                messageNonce(),
                msg.sender,
                _target,
                msg.value,
                _minGasLimit,
                _message
            )
        );

        emit SentMessage(_target, msg.sender, msg.value, _message, messageNonce(), _minGasLimit);

        unchecked {
            ++msgNonce;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Relays a message that was sent by the other CrossDomainMessenger contract. Can only
     *         be executed via cross-chain call from the other messenger OR if the message was
     *         already received once and is currently being replayed.
     *
     * @param _nonce       Nonce of the message being relayed.
     * @param _sender      Address of the user who sent the message.
     * @param _target      Address that the message is targeted at.
     * @param _value       ETH value to send with the message.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the message can be executed with.
     * @param _message     Message to send to the target.
     */
    function relayMessage(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external payable {
        (, uint16 version) = Encoding.decodeVersionedNonce(_nonce);
        require(
            version < 1,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: only version 0 messages is supported at this time"
        );

        // We use the v0 message hash as the unique identifier for the message because it commits
        // to the value and minimum gas limit of the message.
        bytes32 versionedHash = Hashing.hashCrossDomainMessageV0(
            _nonce,
            _sender,
            _target,
            _value,
            _minGasLimit,
            _message
        );

        if (_isOtherMessenger()) {
            // These properties should always hold when the message is first submitted (as
            // opposed to being replayed).
            assert(msg.value == _value);
            assert(!failedMessages[versionedHash]);
        } else {
            require(
                msg.value == 0,
                "CrossDomainMessenger: value must be zero unless message is from a system address"
            );

            require(
                failedMessages[versionedHash],
                "CrossDomainMessenger: message cannot be replayed"
            );
        }

        require(
            _isUnsafeTarget(_target) == false,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: cannot send message to blocked system address"
        );

        require(
            successfulMessages[versionedHash] == false,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: message has already been relayed"
        );

        // If there is not enough gas left to perform the external call and finish the execution,
        // return early and assign the message to the failedMessages mapping.
        // We are asserting that we have enough gas to:
        // 1. Call the target contract (_minGasLimit + RELAY_CALL_OVERHEAD + RELAY_GAS_CHECK_BUFFER)
        //   1.a. The RELAY_CALL_OVERHEAD is included in `hasMinGas`.
        // 2. Finish the execution after the external call (RELAY_RESERVED_GAS).
        //
        // If `xDomainMsgSender` is not the default L2 sender, this function
        // is being re-entered. This marks the message as failed to allow it to be replayed.
        if (
            !SafeCall.hasMinGas(_minGasLimit, RELAY_RESERVED_GAS + RELAY_GAS_CHECK_BUFFER) ||
            xDomainMsgSender != Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER
        ) {
            failedMessages[versionedHash] = true;
            emit FailedRelayedMessage(versionedHash);

            // Revert in this case if the transaction was triggered by the estimation address. This
            // should only be possible during gas estimation or we have bigger problems. Reverting
            // here will make the behavior of gas estimation change such that the gas limit
            // computed will be the amount required to relay the message, even if that amount is
            // greater than the minimum gas limit specified by the user.
            if (tx.origin == Constants.ESTIMATION_ADDRESS) {
                revert("CrossDomainMessenger: failed to relay message");
            }

            return;
        }

        xDomainMsgSender = _sender;
        bool success = SafeCall.call(_target, gasleft() - RELAY_RESERVED_GAS, _value, _message);
        xDomainMsgSender = Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER;

        if (success) {
            successfulMessages[versionedHash] = true;
            emit RelayedMessage(versionedHash);
        } else {
            failedMessages[versionedHash] = true;
            emit FailedRelayedMessage(versionedHash);

            // Revert in this case if the transaction was triggered by the estimation address. This
            // should only be possible during gas estimation or we have bigger problems. Reverting
            // here will make the behavior of gas estimation change such that the gas limit
            // computed will be the amount required to relay the message, even if that amount is
            // greater than the minimum gas limit specified by the user.
            if (tx.origin == Constants.ESTIMATION_ADDRESS) {
                revert("CrossDomainMessenger: failed to relay message");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the address of the contract or wallet that initiated the currently
     *         executing message on the other chain. Will throw an error if there is no message
     *         currently being executed. Allows the recipient of a call to see who triggered it.
     *
     * @return Address of the sender of the currently executing message on the other chain.
     */
    function xDomainMessageSender() external view returns (address) {
        require(
            xDomainMsgSender != Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: xDomainMessageSender is not set"
        );

        return xDomainMsgSender;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the next message nonce. Message version will be added to the upper two
     *         bytes of the message nonce. Message version allows us to treat messages as having
     *         different structures.
     *
     * @return Nonce of the next message to be sent, with added message version.
     */
    function messageNonce() public view returns (uint256) {
        return Encoding.encodeVersionedNonce(msgNonce, MESSAGE_VERSION);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the amount of gas required to guarantee that a given message will be
     *         received on the other chain without running out of gas. Guaranteeing that a message
     *         will not run out of gas is important because this ensures that a message can always
     *         be replayed on the other chain if it fails to execute completely.
     *
     * @param _message     Message to compute the amount of required gas for.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum desired gas limit when message goes to target.
     *
     * @return Amount of gas required to guarantee message receipt.
     */
    function baseGas(bytes calldata _message, uint32 _minGasLimit) public pure returns (uint64) {
        return
            // Constant overhead
            RELAY_CONSTANT_OVERHEAD +
            // Calldata overhead
            (uint64(_message.length) * MIN_GAS_CALLDATA_OVERHEAD) +
            // Dynamic overhead (EIP-150)
            ((_minGasLimit * MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_NUMERATOR) /
                MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_DENOMINATOR) +
            // Gas reserved for the worst-case cost of 3/5 of the `CALL` opcode's dynamic gas
            // factors. (Conservative)
            RELAY_CALL_OVERHEAD +
            // Relay reserved gas (to ensure execution of `relayMessage` completes after the
            // subcontext finishes executing) (Conservative)
            RELAY_RESERVED_GAS +
            // Gas reserved for the execution between the `hasMinGas` check and the `CALL`
            // opcode. (Conservative)
            RELAY_GAS_CHECK_BUFFER;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Intializer.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function __CrossDomainMessenger_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        xDomainMsgSender = Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends a low-level message to the other messenger. Needs to be implemented by child
     *         contracts because the logic for this depends on the network where the messenger is
     *         being deployed.
     *
     * @param _to       Recipient of the message on the other chain.
     * @param _gasLimit Minimum gas limit the message can be executed with.
     * @param _value    Amount of ETH to send with the message.
     * @param _data     Message data.
     */
    function _sendMessage(
        address _to,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual;

    /**
     * @notice Checks whether the message is coming from the other messenger. Implemented by child
     *         contracts because the logic for this depends on the network where the messenger is
     *         being deployed.
     *
     * @return Whether the message is coming from the other messenger.
     */
    function _isOtherMessenger() internal view virtual returns (bool);

    /**
     * @notice Checks whether a given call target is a system address that could cause the
     *         messenger to peform an unsafe action. This is NOT a mechanism for blocking user
     *         addresses. This is ONLY used to prevent the execution of messages to specific
     *         system addresses that could cause security issues, e.g., having the
     *         CrossDomainMessenger send messages to itself.
     *
     * @param _target Address of the contract to check.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the address is an unsafe system address.
     */
    function _isUnsafeTarget(address _target) internal view virtual returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { IERC165 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @title IKromaMintableERC20
 * @notice This interface is available on the KromaMintableERC20 contract. We declare it as a
 *         separate interface so that it can be used in custom implementations of
 *         KromaMintableERC20.
 */
interface IKromaMintableERC20 {
    function REMOTE_TOKEN() external view returns (address);

    function BRIDGE() external view returns (address);

    function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount) external;

    function burn(address _from, uint256 _amount) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { ERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import { IERC165 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { IKromaMintableERC20 } from "./IKromaMintableERC20.sol";

/**
 * @title KromaMintableERC20
 * @notice KromaMintableERC20 is a standard extension of the base ERC20 token contract designed
 *         to allow the StandardBridge contracts to mint and burn tokens. This makes it possible to
 *         use a KromaMintableRC20 as the L2 representation of an L1 token, or vice-versa.
 *         Designed to be backwards compatible with the older StandardL2ERC20 token which was only
 *         meant for use on L2.
 */
contract KromaMintableERC20 is IKromaMintableERC20, ERC20, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the corresponding version of this token on the remote chain.
     */
    address public immutable REMOTE_TOKEN;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the StandardBridge on this network.
     */
    address public immutable BRIDGE;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever tokens are minted for an account.
     *
     * @param account Address of the account tokens are being minted for.
     * @param amount  Amount of tokens minted.
     */
    event Mint(address indexed account, uint256 amount);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever tokens are burned from an account.
     *
     * @param account Address of the account tokens are being burned from.
     * @param amount  Amount of tokens burned.
     */
    event Burn(address indexed account, uint256 amount);

    /**
     * @notice A modifier that only allows the bridge to call
     */
    modifier onlyBridge() {
        require(msg.sender == BRIDGE, "KromaMintableERC20: only bridge can mint and burn");
        _;
    }

    /**
    * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _bridge      Address of the L2 standard bridge.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding L1 token.
     * @param _name        ERC20 name.
     * @param _symbol      ERC20 symbol.
     */
    constructor(
        address _bridge,
        address _remoteToken,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    ) ERC20(_name, _symbol) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        REMOTE_TOKEN = _remoteToken;
        BRIDGE = _bridge;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows the StandardBridge on this network to mint tokens.
     *
     * @param _to     Address to mint tokens to.
     * @param _amount Amount of tokens to mint.
     */
    function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount)
        external
        virtual
        override(IKromaMintableERC20)
        onlyBridge
    {
        _mint(_to, _amount);
        emit Mint(_to, _amount);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows the StandardBridge on this network to burn tokens.
     *
     * @param _from   Address to burn tokens from.
     * @param _amount Amount of tokens to burn.
     */
    function burn(address _from, uint256 _amount)
        external
        virtual
        override(IKromaMintableERC20)
        onlyBridge
    {
        _burn(_from, _amount);
        emit Burn(_from, _amount);
    }

    /**
     * @notice ERC165 interface check function.
     *
     * @param _interfaceId Interface ID to check.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the interface is supported by this contract.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 _interfaceId) external pure returns (bool) {
        bytes4 iface1 = type(IERC165).interfaceId;
        // Interface corresponding to the updated KromaMintableERC20 (this contract).
        bytes4 iface2 = type(IKromaMintableERC20).interfaceId;
        return _interfaceId == iface1 || _interfaceId == iface2;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Bytes32
 * @notice Bytes32 is a library for manipulating byte32.
 */
library Bytes32 {
    /**
     * @notice Splits bytes32 to high and low parts.
     *
     * @param _bytes Bytes32 to split.
     *
     * @return High part of bytes32.
     * @return Low part of bytes32.
     */
    function split(bytes32 _bytes) internal pure returns (bytes32, bytes32) {
        bytes16 high = bytes16(_bytes);
        bytes16 low = bytes16(uint128(uint256(_bytes)));
        return (fromBytes16(high), fromBytes16(low));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Converts bytes16 to bytes32.
     *
     * @param _bytes Bytes to constrcut to bytes32.
     *
     * @return Bytes32 constructed from bytes16.
     */
    function fromBytes16(bytes16 _bytes) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(uint256(uint128(_bytes)));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (security/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Pausable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _requireNotPaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _requirePaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
     */
    function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
     */
    function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: the sum of all balances is capped by totalSupply, and the sum is preserved by
            // decrementing then incrementing.
            _balances[to] += amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        unchecked {
            // Overflow not possible: balance + amount is at most totalSupply + amount, which is checked above.
            _balances[account] += amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: amount <= accountBalance <= totalSupply.
            _totalSupply -= amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

{
  "remappings": [
    "@openzeppelin/=node_modules/@openzeppelin/",
    "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/=node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/",
    "@openzeppelin/contracts/=node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts/",
    "@rari-capital/=node_modules/@rari-capital/",
    "@rari-capital/solmate/=node_modules/@rari-capital/solmate/",
    "ds-test/=node_modules/ds-test/src/",
    "forge-std/=node_modules/forge-std/src/"
  ],
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": true,
    "runs": 10000
  },
  "metadata": {
    "bytecodeHash": "none"
  },
  "outputSelection": {
    "*": {
      "*": [
        "evm.bytecode",
        "evm.deployedBytecode",
        "devdoc",
        "userdoc",
        "metadata",
        "abi"
      ]
    }
  },
  "evmVersion": "london",
  "libraries": {}
}

• No Contract Security Audit Submitted- Submit Audit Here

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000000000000000000000000180c77ae51a9c505a43a2c7d81f8ce70cacb93a600000000000000000000000031f648572b67e60ec6eb8e197e1848cc5f5558de0000000000000000000000003de211088df516da72efe68d386b561bee256ec40000000000000000000000003aa00bb915a8e78b0523e4c365e3e70a19d329e600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002c68af0bb140000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000708

-----Decoded View---------------
Arg [0] : _l2OutputOracle (address): 0x180c77aE51a9c505a43A2C7D81f8CE70cacb93A6
Arg [1] : _portal (address): 0x31F648572b67e60Ec6eb8E197E1848CC5F5558de
Arg [2] : _securityCouncil (address): 0x3de211088dF516da72efe68D386b561BEE256Ec4
Arg [3] : _trustedValidator (address): 0x3aa00bb915A8e78b0523E4c365e3E70A19d329e6
Arg [4] : _requiredBondAmount (uint256): 200000000000000000
Arg [5] : _maxUnbond (uint256): 10
Arg [6] : _roundDuration (uint256): 1800

-----Encoded View---------------
7 Constructor Arguments found :
Arg [0] : 000000000000000000000000180c77ae51a9c505a43a2c7d81f8ce70cacb93a6
Arg [1] : 00000000000000000000000031f648572b67e60ec6eb8e197e1848cc5f5558de
Arg [2] : 0000000000000000000000003de211088df516da72efe68d386b561bee256ec4
Arg [3] : 0000000000000000000000003aa00bb915a8e78b0523e4c365e3e70a19d329e6
Arg [4] : 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002c68af0bb140000
Arg [5] : 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a
Arg [6] : 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000708