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Contract Diff Checker

Contract Name:
RICE

Contract Source Code:

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import '@uniswap/v2-periphery/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Router02.sol';
import "@uniswap/v2-core/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Factory.sol";
import '@uniswap/v2-core/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Pair.sol';
import '@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol';
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import "./interfaces/IFARM.sol";



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 */

/**
 * @title RICE contract
 * @dev Extends ERC20. Implements a bonding mechanism and liquidity provisioning
 */
contract RICE is ERC20, ReentrancyGuard {
  IUniswapV2Router02 public router;

  uint256 public constant PRECISION = 10**18;
  uint256 public constant LIQUIDITY_PERCENT = 10;
  uint256 public constant TOTAL_SUPPLY = 111_111_111_111_111 * 10**18;

  // 20% held for future farming initiatives
  uint256 public constant FARM_SUPPLY = (TOTAL_SUPPLY * 20) / 100;

  // 40% to be distributed to bonders
  uint256 public constant BONDING_SUPPLY = (TOTAL_SUPPLY * 40) / 100;

  uint256 public tokensPerSecond;
  uint256 public bondingPeriod;

  address public uniswapPair;

  struct Bond {
    uint256 previouslyAllocated;
    uint256 amount;
    bool claimed;
  }

  mapping(address => Bond) public bonds;
  uint256 public bondingStartTime;
  uint256 public bondingEndTime;
  uint256 public totalTokensPerBond;
  uint256 public lastBondedAt;
  uint256 public totalBonded;

  address public farm;

  bool public liquidityDeployed;

  event Bonded(address indexed user, uint256 amount);
  event LiquidityAdded(uint256 tokenAmount, uint256 ethAmount);
  event EmergencyClaim(address indexed user, uint256 ethAmount);
  event Claim(address indexed user, uint256 amount, uint256 ethAmount);

  /**
  * @dev Constructor function
  * Sets up the initial settings for the RICE contract.
  * Assigns the farm address
  */
  constructor(uint256 _bondingPeriod, address _farm, address _router) ERC20("Simple Grain", "RICE") {
    farm = _farm;
    bondingPeriod = _bondingPeriod;
    router = IUniswapV2Router02(_router);
    tokensPerSecond = PRECISION * BONDING_SUPPLY / bondingPeriod;
  }

  /**
   * @notice Gets the total supply of the token.
   * @return uint256 The total supply.
   */
  function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
    return TOTAL_SUPPLY;
  }

  /**
   * @notice Gets various information about the contract and optionally about a specific user.
   * @param user The address of the user for which to get info.
   *        Pass the zero address to only retrieve contract-wide info.
   * @return uint256[5] An array containing:
   *         - totalBonded: The total amount bonded.
   *         - bondingStartTime: The start time of bonding.
   *         - bondingEndTime: The end time of bonding.
   *         - tokensPerSecond: The rate of token distribution.
   *         - totalSupply: The total supply of RICE.
   *         - user's bonded amount (or 0 if user == address(0)).
   *         - allocatedAmount for the user (or 0 if user == address(0)).
   *         - claimed indicator for user (1 if claimed, 0 if unclaimed or if user == address(0)).
   */
  function getInfo(address user) public view returns (uint256[9] memory) {
    uint256[9] memory info;

    info[0] = totalBonded;
    info[1] = bondingStartTime;
    info[2] = bondingEndTime;
    info[3] = tokensPerSecond;
    info[4] = totalSupply();
    info[5] = block.timestamp;

    if (user != address(0)) {
      info[6] = bonds[user].amount;
      info[7] = allocatedAmount(user);
      info[8] = bonds[user].claimed ? 1 : 0;
    }
    return info;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Starts the bonding process by setting start and end times
   * This is a private function called when the first bond() call is made
   */
  function startBonding() private {
    bondingStartTime = block.timestamp;
    bondingEndTime = bondingStartTime + bondingPeriod;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns time since the start of the bonding period
   * @return Time elapsed since bondingStartTime
   */
  function timeSinceStart() public view returns (uint256) {
    return block.timestamp - bondingStartTime;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Lets a user bond ETH to the contract, beginning the bonding process if not started
   * Each user can only bond once, and bonding is not allowed after the bonding period has ended
   */
  function bond() public payable nonReentrant {
    if (bondingStartTime == 0) startBonding();
    require(block.timestamp <= bondingEndTime, "Bonding period has ended");
    require(bonds[msg.sender].amount == 0, "Can only bond once");
    require(msg.value > 0, "Cannot bond zero eth");

    if (lastBondedAt > 0) {
      uint256 elapsedTime = block.timestamp - lastBondedAt;
      totalTokensPerBond += elapsedTime * tokensPerSecond / totalBonded;
    }

    bonds[msg.sender] = Bond({
      previouslyAllocated: totalTokensPerBond,
      amount: msg.value,
      claimed: false
    });

    totalBonded += msg.value;
    lastBondedAt = block.timestamp;

    emit Bonded(msg.sender, msg.value);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows a user to claim their bonded ETH and minted RICE tokens after the bonding period has ended
   * Also deploys liquidity if it has not yet been deployed
   */
  function claim() external nonReentrant {
    if (!liquidityDeployed) deployLiquidity();

    Bond storage userBond = bonds[msg.sender];
    require(!userBond.claimed, "Already claimed");
    userBond.claimed = true;

    uint256 amount = allocatedAmount(msg.sender);
    uint256 ethAmount = userBond.amount * 90 / 100;

    _mint(msg.sender, amount);
    payable(msg.sender).transfer(ethAmount);

    emit Claim(msg.sender, amount, ethAmount);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Calculates the current allocation period
   * @return The current time period for which tokens have been allocated
   */
  function currentAllocationPeriod() public view returns (uint256) {
    if (bondingEndTime < block.timestamp)
      return bondingEndTime - lastBondedAt;
    else return block.timestamp - lastBondedAt;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Calculates the amount of tokens allocated to a user
   * @param user Address of the user
   * @return The amount of tokens allocated to the user
   */
  function allocatedAmount(address user) public view returns (uint256) {
    // A user's allocated amount is determined by their proportional ownership over each given period.
    // Each time a new user bonds, the ownership of all previous bonder's ownership ratio will change,
    // thus starting a new period. Giving each period p_i, from p_0 to p_n, each user's allocation can
    // be computed as: 
    //
    // allocation(user, p_n) = ownership(user, p_0) * tokensPerPeriod(p_0) + ... + ownership(user, p_n) * tokensPerPeriod(p_n)
    //
    // where
    // ownership(user, p_i) = amountBonded(user, p_i) / totalBonded(p_i)
    //
    // and
    // tokensPerPeriod(p_i) = tokensAllocatedPerSecond * periodLengthInSeconds(p_i)
    // 
    // thus
    // allocation(user, p_n) = (amountBonded(user, p_0) / totalBonded(p_0)) * periodLengthInSeconds(p_0) * tokensAllocatedPerSecond + ... +
    //                         (amountBonded(user, p_n) / totalBonded(p_n)) * periodLengthInSeconds(p_n) * tokensAllocatedPerSecond
    //
    // if we ascribe
    // tokensPerBond(p_i) = periodLengthInSeconds(p_i) * tokensAllocatedPerSecond / totalBonded(p_i)
    // then
    // allocation(user, p_n) = amountBonded(user, p_0) * tokensPerBond(p_0) + ... + amountBonded(user, p_0) * tokensPerBond(p_n)
    //
    // since we know that amountBonded(user, p_i) only changes once, from zero to amountBonded(user, p_j),
    // where p_j is the bonding period started by the user, we can say 
    // bonds[user].amount = amountBonded(user, p_j)
    //
    // and
    // allocation(user, p_n) = bonds[user].amount * (tokensPerBond(p_j) + ... +  tokensPerBond(p_n))
    // which, if we say k=j-1, is the same as:
    // allocation(user, p_n) = bonds[user].amount * ((tokensPerBond(p_0) + ... +  tokensPerBond(p_n)) - (tokensPerBond(p_0) + ... +  tokensPerBond(p_k)))
    //
    // in our code, for each user at the time of bond j, we increment
    // totalTokensPerBond += tokensPerBond(p_j)
    // and we store
    // bonds[user].previouslyAllocated = totalTokensPerBond
    //
    // then at any moment,
    // allocation(user) = bonds[user].amount * (totalTokensPerBond - bonds[user].previouslyAllocated)
    // 
    // Since this only accounts for the first bond, up until the time when a new bond is made, we must also
    // add the tokens from the currentAllocation period, which is the number of seconds between lastBondedAt
    // and min(bondingEndTime, block.timestamp), multiplied by tokensPerSecond and the user's ownership ratio

    if (totalBonded == 0) return 0;
    uint256 currentAllocation = currentAllocationPeriod() * tokensPerSecond * bonds[user].amount / totalBonded;
    uint256 previousAllocation = bonds[user].amount * (totalTokensPerBond - bonds[user].previouslyAllocated);

    return (previousAllocation + currentAllocation) / PRECISION;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Adds liquidity to the Uniswap pool after the bonding period has ended
   * Liquidity is added with the remaining bonded ETH and newly minted RICE tokens
   */
  function deployLiquidity() private {
    require(block.timestamp > bondingEndTime, "Bonding period is not over yet");
    require(!liquidityDeployed, "liquidity has already been deployed");
    liquidityDeployed = true;

    uint256 liquidityEthAmount = totalBonded * LIQUIDITY_PERCENT / 100;
    uint256 tokensToDeploy = TOTAL_SUPPLY - FARM_SUPPLY - BONDING_SUPPLY;

    _mint(address(this), tokensToDeploy);
    _approve(address(this), address(router), tokensToDeploy);

    router.addLiquidityETH{value: liquidityEthAmount}(
      address(this), tokensToDeploy,
      0, 0, address(0), block.timestamp
    );


    _mint(farm, FARM_SUPPLY);
    address weth = router.WETH();
    IUniswapV2Factory factory = IUniswapV2Factory(router.factory());
    uniswapPair = factory.getPair(address(this), weth);

    if (uniswapPair == address(0))
      uniswapPair = factory.createPair(address(this), weth);

    IFARM(farm).activateRewards(uniswapPair, weth, address(router));

    emit LiquidityAdded(tokensToDeploy, liquidityEthAmount);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Returns the full amount of deposited ETH to the user along with zero RICE tokens.
   * This function can only be used in the extremely unlikely emergency scenario where
   * liquidity is not deployed within 24 hours of the bonding period ending. As written,
   * it should be impossible for this function to ever be used; however, if something
   * unforeseen fails within the external liquidity deployment contract, this emergency
   * function will protect against a state where bonded Ethereum is locked forever.
   */
  function emergencyClaim() public nonReentrant {
    require(block.timestamp > bondingEndTime + (1 days), "emergency claim not allowed until 1 day after the bonding period ends");
    require(!liquidityDeployed, "liquidity has been deployed succesfully, emergency claim will never be possible");

    Bond storage userBond = bonds[msg.sender];
    require(!userBond.claimed, "Already claimed");
    userBond.claimed = true;

    uint256 ethAmount = userBond.amount;

    payable(msg.sender).transfer(ethAmount);

    emit EmergencyClaim(msg.sender, ethAmount);
  }

}

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

interface IFARM {
  function activateRewards(address _uniswapPair, address _weth, address _router) external;
}

pragma solidity >=0.6.2;

import './IUniswapV2Router01.sol';

interface IUniswapV2Router02 is IUniswapV2Router01 {
    function removeLiquidityETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
        address token,
        uint liquidity,
        uint amountTokenMin,
        uint amountETHMin,
        address to,
        uint deadline
    ) external returns (uint amountETH);
    function removeLiquidityETHWithPermitSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
        address token,
        uint liquidity,
        uint amountTokenMin,
        uint amountETHMin,
        address to,
        uint deadline,
        bool approveMax, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s
    ) external returns (uint amountETH);

    function swapExactTokensForTokensSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
        uint amountIn,
        uint amountOutMin,
        address[] calldata path,
        address to,
        uint deadline
    ) external;
    function swapExactETHForTokensSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
        uint amountOutMin,
        address[] calldata path,
        address to,
        uint deadline
    ) external payable;
    function swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
        uint amountIn,
        uint amountOutMin,
        address[] calldata path,
        address to,
        uint deadline
    ) external;
}

pragma solidity >=0.6.2;

interface IUniswapV2Router01 {
    function factory() external pure returns (address);
    function WETH() external pure returns (address);

    function addLiquidity(
        address tokenA,
        address tokenB,
        uint amountADesired,
        uint amountBDesired,
        uint amountAMin,
        uint amountBMin,
        address to,
        uint deadline
    ) external returns (uint amountA, uint amountB, uint liquidity);
    function addLiquidityETH(
        address token,
        uint amountTokenDesired,
        uint amountTokenMin,
        uint amountETHMin,
        address to,
        uint deadline
    ) external payable returns (uint amountToken, uint amountETH, uint liquidity);
    function removeLiquidity(
        address tokenA,
        address tokenB,
        uint liquidity,
        uint amountAMin,
        uint amountBMin,
        address to,
        uint deadline
    ) external returns (uint amountA, uint amountB);
    function removeLiquidityETH(
        address token,
        uint liquidity,
        uint amountTokenMin,
        uint amountETHMin,
        address to,
        uint deadline
    ) external returns (uint amountToken, uint amountETH);
    function removeLiquidityWithPermit(
        address tokenA,
        address tokenB,
        uint liquidity,
        uint amountAMin,
        uint amountBMin,
        address to,
        uint deadline,
        bool approveMax, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s
    ) external returns (uint amountA, uint amountB);
    function removeLiquidityETHWithPermit(
        address token,
        uint liquidity,
        uint amountTokenMin,
        uint amountETHMin,
        address to,
        uint deadline,
        bool approveMax, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s
    ) external returns (uint amountToken, uint amountETH);
    function swapExactTokensForTokens(
        uint amountIn,
        uint amountOutMin,
        address[] calldata path,
        address to,
        uint deadline
    ) external returns (uint[] memory amounts);
    function swapTokensForExactTokens(
        uint amountOut,
        uint amountInMax,
        address[] calldata path,
        address to,
        uint deadline
    ) external returns (uint[] memory amounts);
    function swapExactETHForTokens(uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline)
        external
        payable
        returns (uint[] memory amounts);
    function swapTokensForExactETH(uint amountOut, uint amountInMax, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline)
        external
        returns (uint[] memory amounts);
    function swapExactTokensForETH(uint amountIn, uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline)
        external
        returns (uint[] memory amounts);
    function swapETHForExactTokens(uint amountOut, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline)
        external
        payable
        returns (uint[] memory amounts);

    function quote(uint amountA, uint reserveA, uint reserveB) external pure returns (uint amountB);
    function getAmountOut(uint amountIn, uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) external pure returns (uint amountOut);
    function getAmountIn(uint amountOut, uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) external pure returns (uint amountIn);
    function getAmountsOut(uint amountIn, address[] calldata path) external view returns (uint[] memory amounts);
    function getAmountsIn(uint amountOut, address[] calldata path) external view returns (uint[] memory amounts);
}

pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

interface IUniswapV2Pair {
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);

    function name() external pure returns (string memory);
    function symbol() external pure returns (string memory);
    function decimals() external pure returns (uint8);
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint);
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint);

    function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool);
    function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) external returns (bool);

    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
    function PERMIT_TYPEHASH() external pure returns (bytes32);
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint);

    function permit(address owner, address spender, uint value, uint deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external;

    event Mint(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1);
    event Burn(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1, address indexed to);
    event Swap(
        address indexed sender,
        uint amount0In,
        uint amount1In,
        uint amount0Out,
        uint amount1Out,
        address indexed to
    );
    event Sync(uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1);

    function MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY() external pure returns (uint);
    function factory() external view returns (address);
    function token0() external view returns (address);
    function token1() external view returns (address);
    function getReserves() external view returns (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1, uint32 blockTimestampLast);
    function price0CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
    function price1CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
    function kLast() external view returns (uint);

    function mint(address to) external returns (uint liquidity);
    function burn(address to) external returns (uint amount0, uint amount1);
    function swap(uint amount0Out, uint amount1Out, address to, bytes calldata data) external;
    function skim(address to) external;
    function sync() external;

    function initialize(address, address) external;
}

pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

interface IUniswapV2Factory {
    event PairCreated(address indexed token0, address indexed token1, address pair, uint);

    function feeTo() external view returns (address);
    function feeToSetter() external view returns (address);

    function getPair(address tokenA, address tokenB) external view returns (address pair);
    function allPairs(uint) external view returns (address pair);
    function allPairsLength() external view returns (uint);

    function createPair(address tokenA, address tokenB) external returns (address pair);

    function setFeeTo(address) external;
    function setFeeToSetter(address) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: the sum of all balances is capped by totalSupply, and the sum is preserved by
            // decrementing then incrementing.
            _balances[to] += amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        unchecked {
            // Overflow not possible: balance + amount is at most totalSupply + amount, which is checked above.
            _balances[account] += amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: amount <= accountBalance <= totalSupply.
            _totalSupply -= amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    constructor() {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be _NOT_ENTERED
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the reentrancy guard is currently set to "entered", which indicates there is a
     * `nonReentrant` function in the call stack.
     */
    function _reentrancyGuardEntered() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _status == _ENTERED;
    }
}

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