ERC-20
Overview
Max Total Supply
532,457,899.967594521867838809 RNDR
Holders
83,091 ( -0.002%)
Market
Price
$7.00 @ 0.002096 ETH (+1.99%)
Onchain Market Cap
$3,727,205,299.77
Circulating Supply Market Cap
$3,623,763,657.00
Other Info
Token Contract (WITH 18 Decimals)
Balance
0.319625120164054359 RNDRValue
$2.24 ( ~0.00067068817548924 Eth) [0.0000%]Loading...
Loading
Loading...
Loading
Loading...
Loading
# | Exchange | Pair | Price | 24H Volume | % Volume |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Websea | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021031 Eth | $5,321,410.00 0.000 RENDER | 0.0000% |
2 | Coinbase Exchange | RENDER-USD | $7.01 0.0020968 Eth | $5,097,887.00 727,126.940 RENDER | 7.7925% |
3 | Coinbase Exchange | RNDR-USD | $7.04 0.0021065 Eth | $4,690,862.00 666,628.050 RNDR | 7.1442% |
4 | WhiteBIT | RENDER-USDT | $7.03 0.0021012 Eth | $4,478,488.00 637,462.070 RENDER | 6.8316% |
5 | Ourbit | RENDER-USDT | $7.01 0.0020997 Eth | $4,069,964.00 598,800.230 RENDER | 6.4173% |
6 | DigiFinex | RENDER-USDT | $7.03 0.0021050 Eth | $3,874,380.00 551,260.240 RENDER | 5.9078% |
7 | Bybit | RENDER-USDT | $7.04 0.0021080 Eth | $3,747,710.00 552,582.540 RENDER | 5.9220% |
8 | Bitrue | RENDER-USDC | $7.02 0.0021000 Eth | $3,709,768.00 528,502.220 RENDER | 5.6639% |
9 | Bitget | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021010 Eth | $3,191,581.00 470,427.090 RENDER | 5.0415% |
10 | OKX | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021028 Eth | $2,295,716.00 338,067.950 RENDER | 3.6230% |
11 | AscendEX (BitMax) | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021031 Eth | $2,294,002.00 326,642.500 RENDER | 3.5006% |
12 | Toobit | RENDER-USDT | $7.01 0.0021005 Eth | $2,263,386.00 333,174.080 RENDER | 3.5706% |
13 | HTX | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021020 Eth | $2,222,870.00 327,596.589 RENDER | 3.5108% |
14 | Upbit | RENDER-KRW | $7.08 0.0021212 Eth | $2,003,389.00 282,872.903 RENDER | 3.0315% |
15 | Gate.io | RENDER-USDT | $7.03 0.0021061 Eth | $1,719,491.00 252,847.800 RENDER | 2.7097% |
16 | LBank | RENDER-USDT | $7.00 0.0020991 Eth | $1,392,910.00 198,945.680 RENDER | 2.1321% |
17 | Bitunix | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021000 Eth | $1,214,530.00 173,108.840 RENDER | 1.8552% |
18 | MEXC | RENDER-USDT | $7.01 0.0021013 Eth | $1,112,395.00 158,654.610 RENDER | 1.7003% |
19 | Raydium (CLMM) | RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF-SO11111111111111111111111111111111111111112 | $7.03 0.0021054 Eth | $1,110,856.00 162,930.077 RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF | 1.7461% |
20 | Binance | RENDER-BTC | $6.99 0.0020944 Eth | $1,108,856.00 162,226.270 RENDER | 1.7386% |
21 | KuCoin | RENDER-USDT | $7.03 0.0021062 Eth | $966,620.00 137,436.250 RENDER | 1.4729% |
22 | Kraken | RENDER-USD | $7.02 0.0021017 Eth | $877,351.00 125,014.368 RENDER | 1.3398% |
23 | CoinW | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0020993 Eth | $778,765.00 110,943.910 RENDER | 1.1890% |
24 | Hibt | RENDER-USDT | $7.03 0.0021066 Eth | $773,007.00 113,797.030 RENDER | 1.2196% |
25 | Orca | RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF-SO11111111111111111111111111111111111111112 | $7.04 0.0021088 Eth | $626,172.00 91,528.451 RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF | 0.9809% |
26 | Bithumb | RENDER-KRW | $7.11 0.0021290 Eth | $576,799.00 81,132.397 RENDER | 0.8695% |
27 | Hotcoin | RENDER-USDT | $6.98 0.0020952 Eth | $523,008.00 74,883.770 RENDER | 0.8025% |
28 | Bitvavo | RENDER-EUR | $7.01 0.0021015 Eth | $512,854.00 73,140.472 RENDER | 0.7838% |
29 | BVOX | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021011 Eth | $379,761.00 55,901.270 RENDER | 0.5991% |
30 | BitMart | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021035 Eth | $365,140.00 51,991.000 RENDER | 0.5572% |
31 | Binance | RENDER-TRY | $7.06 0.0021147 Eth | $363,514.00 53,218.370 RENDER | 0.5703% |
32 | BitDelta | RENDER-USDT | $6.97 0.0020898 Eth | $360,388.00 53,080.900 RENDER | 0.5689% |
33 | Uniswap V3 (Ethereum) | 0X6DE037EF9AD2725EB40118BB1702EBB27E4AEB24-0XC02AAA39B223FE8D0A0E5C4F27EAD9083C756CC2 | $7.01 0.0020982 Eth | $350,406.00 52,095.160 0X6DE037EF9AD2725EB40118BB1702EBB27E4AEB24 | 0.5583% |
34 | Kraken | RENDER-EUR | $7.03 0.0021040 Eth | $338,970.00 48,248.098 RENDER | 0.5171% |
35 | BingX | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021034 Eth | $314,721.00 46,311.710 RENDER | 0.4963% |
36 | Phemex | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021006 Eth | $297,286.00 42,377.550 RENDER | 0.4542% |
37 | Icrypex | RENDER-USDT | $6.92 0.0020784 Eth | $272,173.00 39,321.656 RENDER | 0.4214% |
38 | Bitazza | RENDER-USDT | $7.04 0.0021073 Eth | $270,158.00 39,788.250 RENDER | 0.4264% |
39 | Bitrue | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021057 Eth | $269,493.00 38,367.850 RENDER | 0.4112% |
40 | CoinEx | RENDER-USDT | $6.99 0.0020945 Eth | $259,136.00 38,111.362 RENDER | 0.4084% |
41 | OrangeX | RENDER-USDT | $7.03 0.0021011 Eth | $216,696.00 31,917.680 RENDER | 0.3421% |
42 | PointPay | RENDER-USDT | $7.00 0.0020968 Eth | $202,988.00 29,870.618 RENDER | 0.3201% |
43 | WEEX | RENDER-USDT | $6.99 0.0020955 Eth | $194,537.00 28,601.700 RENDER | 0.3065% |
44 | LCX Exchange | RENDER-EUR | $6.95 0.0020795 Eth | $168,738.00 24,291.146 RENDER | 0.2603% |
45 | Coinbase Exchange | RNDR-USDT | $7.03 0.0021049 Eth | $153,142.00 21,779.940 RNDR | 0.2334% |
46 | WhiteBIT | RENDER-BTC | $7.02 0.0021028 Eth | $141,108.00 20,088.240 RENDER | 0.2153% |
47 | Orca | RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF-EPJFWDD5AUFQSSQEM2QN1XZYBAPC8G4WEGGKZWYTDT1V | $7.03 0.0021059 Eth | $117,504.00 17,215.173 RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF | 0.1845% |
48 | WhiteBIT | RENDER-TRY | $6.99 0.0020963 Eth | $111,420.00 15,946.810 RENDER | 0.1709% |
49 | Crypto.com Exchange | RENDER-USD | $7.02 0.0021031 Eth | $79,823.00 11,366.400 RENDER | 0.1218% |
50 | Uniswap V3 (Polygon) | 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991-0X7CEB23FD6BC0ADD59E62AC25578270CFF1B9F619 | $6.96 0.0020841 Eth | $76,338.00 11,208.233 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991 | 0.1201% |
51 | Bitstamp | RNDR-USD | $7.02 0.0021017 Eth | $76,151.00 10,852.320 RNDR | 0.1163% |
52 | WEEX | RENDER-USDC | $7.01 0.0021003 Eth | $72,244.00 10,623.700 RENDER | 0.1139% |
53 | Binance | RENDER-EUR | $7.01 0.0020994 Eth | $69,809.00 10,262.600 RENDER | 0.1100% |
54 | Bitstamp | RNDR-EUR | $6.91 0.0020701 Eth | $66,374.00 9,603.060 RNDR | 0.1029% |
55 | Uniswap V2 (Ethereum) | 0X6DE037EF9AD2725EB40118BB1702EBB27E4AEB24-0XC02AAA39B223FE8D0A0E5C4F27EAD9083C756CC2 | $6.95 0.0020805 Eth | $64,798.00 9,657.784 0X6DE037EF9AD2725EB40118BB1702EBB27E4AEB24 | 0.1035% |
56 | Tapbit | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021003 Eth | $61,157.00 9,014.000 RENDER | 0.0966% |
57 | Uniswap V3 (Polygon) | 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991-0X0D500B1D8E8EF31E21C99D1DB9A6444D3ADF1270 | $6.98 0.0020913 Eth | $58,536.00 8,302.149 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991 | 0.0890% |
58 | Coinbase Exchange | RNDR-EUR | $6.99 0.0020930 Eth | $46,953.00 6,715.520 RNDR | 0.0720% |
59 | Raydium (CLMM) | RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF-EPJFWDD5AUFQSSQEM2QN1XZYBAPC8G4WEGGKZWYTDT1V | $7.03 0.0021049 Eth | $43,465.00 6,385.854 RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF | 0.0684% |
60 | Crypto.com Exchange | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021014 Eth | $43,103.00 6,142.660 RENDER | 0.0658% |
61 | Raydium (CLMM) | SO11111111111111111111111111111111111111112-RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF | $6.99 0.0020940 Eth | $40,597.00 162,930.077 SO11111111111111111111111111111111111111112 | 1.7461% |
62 | Gemini | RNDR-USD | $7.08 0.0021217 Eth | $39,374.00 5,558.123 RNDR | 0.0596% |
63 | bitcastle | RENDER-USDT | $7.03 0.0021023 Eth | $38,987.00 5,733.670 RENDER | 0.0614% |
64 | BloFin | RENDER-USDT | $7.01 0.0020975 Eth | $38,067.00 5,620.858 RENDER | 0.0602% |
65 | TokoCrypto | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0021003 Eth | $30,984.00 4,416.252 RENDER | 0.0473% |
66 | CoinEx | RENDER-USDC | $7.00 0.0020941 Eth | $24,692.00 3,641.762 RENDER | 0.0390% |
67 | Orca | NOSXBVOACTTYDLVKY6CSB4AC8JCDQKKAAWYTX2ZMOO7-RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF | $6.99 0.0020929 Eth | $23,545.00 9,728.756 NOSXBVOACTTYDLVKY6CSB4AC8JCDQKKAAWYTX2ZMOO7 | 0.1043% |
68 | Binance US | RENDER-USDT | $7.01 0.0020981 Eth | $16,753.15 2,391.276 RENDER | 0.0256% |
69 | Upbit | RENDER-BTC | $6.96 0.0020857 Eth | $12,893.92 1,851.555 RENDER | 0.0198% |
70 | Kanga | RENDER-USDT | $7.01 0.0021015 Eth | $11,561.05 0.000 RENDER | 0.0000% |
71 | Uniswap V3 (Polygon) | 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991-0X0D500B1D8E8EF31E21C99D1DB9A6444D3ADF1270 | $6.97 0.0020864 Eth | $9,270.66 1,318.323 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991 | 0.0141% |
72 | Bitlo | RENDER-TRY | $7.07 0.0021169 Eth | $7,475.21 1,093.414 RENDER | 0.0117% |
73 | Meteora | RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF-SO11111111111111111111111111111111111111112 | $6.98 0.0020900 Eth | $7,093.75 1,039.273 RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF | 0.0111% |
74 | Gate.io | RENDER-TRY | $7.08 0.0021196 Eth | $6,681.78 976.412 RENDER | 0.0105% |
75 | CoinEx | RENDER-BTC | $7.00 0.0020963 Eth | $6,060.20 887.819 RENDER | 0.0095% |
76 | Meteora | RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF-ES9VMFRZACERMJFRF4H2FYD4KCONKY11MCCE8BENWNYB | $7.02 0.0021014 Eth | $4,472.38 659.049 RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF | 0.0071% |
77 | Mercado Bitcoin | RNDR-BRL | $7.07 0.0021160 Eth | $4,221.62 597.490 RNDR | 0.0064% |
78 | Uniswap V3 (Polygon) | 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991-0X0D500B1D8E8EF31E21C99D1DB9A6444D3ADF1270 | $6.98 0.0020895 Eth | $3,436.78 485.856 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991 | 0.0052% |
79 | Foxbit | RENDER-BRL | $6.98 0.0020897 Eth | $3,424.06 503.510 RENDER | 0.0054% |
80 | Upbit | RENDER-USDT | $6.98 0.0020895 Eth | $3,191.62 457.499 RENDER | 0.0049% |
81 | Uniswap V3 (Polygon) | 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991-0XD6DF932A45C0F255F85145F286EA0B292B21C90B | $6.96 0.0020843 Eth | $3,067.90 447.057 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991 | 0.0048% |
82 | WOO X | RENDER-USDT | $7.02 0.0020982 Eth | $2,731.27 389.240 RENDER | 0.0042% |
83 | Binance | RENDER-BRL | $7.10 0.0021262 Eth | $2,618.63 382.440 RENDER | 0.0041% |
84 | TokoCrypto | RENDER-BTC | $7.03 0.0021043 Eth | $1,968.51 280.136 RENDER | 0.0030% |
85 | Uniswap V3 (Polygon) | 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991-0X8F3CF7AD23CD3CADBD9735AFF958023239C6A063 | $6.99 0.0020940 Eth | $1,881.28 276.539 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991 | 0.0030% |
86 | Orca | RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF-SO11111111111111111111111111111111111111112 | $7.03 0.0021053 Eth | $1,791.51 259.381 RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF | 0.0028% |
87 | Uniswap V3 (Polygon) | 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991-0XC2132D05D31C914A87C6611C10748AEB04B58E8F | $6.96 0.0020847 Eth | $1,319.62 194.221 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991 | 0.0021% |
88 | Bitazza | RENDER-THB | $6.93 0.0020758 Eth | $1,274.07 188.340 RENDER | 0.0020% |
89 | Uniswap V3 (Polygon) | 0X3C499C542CEF5E3811E1192CE70D8CC03D5C3359-0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991 | $6.97 0.0020885 Eth | $891.06 869.632 0X3C499C542CEF5E3811E1192CE70D8CC03D5C3359 | 0.0093% |
90 | Uniswap V3 (Polygon) | 0X3C499C542CEF5E3811E1192CE70D8CC03D5C3359-0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991 | $6.92 0.0020734 Eth | $785.69 771.113 0X3C499C542CEF5E3811E1192CE70D8CC03D5C3359 | 0.0083% |
91 | Meteora | NOSXBVOACTTYDLVKY6CSB4AC8JCDQKKAAWYTX2ZMOO7-RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF | $7.00 0.0020960 Eth | $766.94 316.704 NOSXBVOACTTYDLVKY6CSB4AC8JCDQKKAAWYTX2ZMOO7 | 0.0034% |
92 | Uniswap V3 (Ethereum) | 0X6DE037EF9AD2725EB40118BB1702EBB27E4AEB24-0XA0B86991C6218B36C1D19D4A2E9EB0CE3606EB48 | $7.02 0.0020999 Eth | $683.00 97.942 0X6DE037EF9AD2725EB40118BB1702EBB27E4AEB24 | 0.0010% |
93 | Meteora | RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF-SO11111111111111111111111111111111111111112 | $7.00 0.0020958 Eth | $577.82 84.050 RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF | 0.0009% |
94 | Uniswap V3 (Polygon) | 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991-0XD93F7E271CB87C23AAA73EDC008A79646D1F9912 | $6.97 0.0020891 Eth | $456.48 66.641 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991 | 0.0007% |
95 | Uniswap V3 (Polygon) | 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991-0XC3C7D422809852031B44AB29EEC9F1EFF2A58756 | $7.00 0.0020968 Eth | $342.63 49.964 0X61299774020DA444AF134C82FA83E3810B309991 | 0.0005% |
96 | Backpack Exchange | RENDER-USDC | $6.90 0.0020628 Eth | $267.71 39.610 RENDER | 0.0004% |
97 | Meteora | RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF-EPJFWDD5AUFQSSQEM2QN1XZYBAPC8G4WEGGKZWYTDT1V | $7.00 0.0020956 Eth | $217.75 31.886 RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF | 0.0003% |
98 | Raydium (CLMM) | RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF-4K3DYJZVZP8EMZWUXBBCJEVWSKKK59S5ICNLY3QRKX6R | $7.01 0.0020992 Eth | $198.01 28.600 RNDRIZKT3MK1IIMDXRDWABCF7ZG7AR5T4NUD4EKHBOF | 0.0003% |
99 | CEX.IO | RNDR-USDT | $7.02 0.0021006 Eth | $17.13 2.506 RNDR | 0.0000% |
100 | CEX.IO | RNDR-USD | $7.02 0.0021032 Eth | $14.39 2.121 RNDR | 0.0000% |
Contract Name:
AdminUpgradeabilityProxy
Compiler Version
v0.4.24+commit.e67f0147
Contract Source Code (Solidity)
/** *Submitted for verification at Etherscan.io on 2021-03-11 */ /** *Submitted for verification at Etherscan.io on 2018-10-22 */ pragma solidity ^0.4.24; // File: contracts/upgradeability/Proxy.sol /** * @title Proxy * @dev Implements delegation of calls to other contracts, with proper * forwarding of return values and bubbling of failures. * It defines a fallback function that delegates all calls to the address * returned by the abstract _implementation() internal function. */ contract Proxy { /** * @dev Fallback function. * Implemented entirely in `_fallback`. */ function () payable external { _fallback(); } /** * @return The Address of the implementation. */ function _implementation() internal view returns (address); /** * @dev Delegates execution to an implementation contract. * This is a low level function that doesn't return to its internal call site. * It will return to the external caller whatever the implementation returns. * @param implementation Address to delegate. */ function _delegate(address implementation) internal { assembly { // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0. calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize) // Call the implementation. // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet. let result := delegatecall(gas, implementation, 0, calldatasize, 0, 0) // Copy the returned data. returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize) switch result // delegatecall returns 0 on error. case 0 { revert(0, returndatasize) } default { return(0, returndatasize) } } } /** * @dev Function that is run as the first thing in the fallback function. * Can be redefined in derived contracts to add functionality. * Redefinitions must call super._willFallback(). */ function _willFallback() internal { } /** * @dev fallback implementation. * Extracted to enable manual triggering. */ function _fallback() internal { _willFallback(); _delegate(_implementation()); } } // File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/AddressUtils.sol /** * Utility library of inline functions on addresses */ library AddressUtils { /** * Returns whether the target address is a contract * @dev This function will return false if invoked during the constructor of a contract, * as the code is not actually created until after the constructor finishes. * @param addr address to check * @return whether the target address is a contract */ function isContract(address addr) internal view returns (bool) { uint256 size; // XXX Currently there is no better way to check if there is a contract in an address // than to check the size of the code at that address. // See https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/a/14016/36603 // for more details about how this works. // TODO Check this again before the Serenity release, because all addresses will be // contracts then. // solium-disable-next-line security/no-inline-assembly assembly { size := extcodesize(addr) } return size > 0; } } // File: contracts/upgradeability/UpgradeabilityProxy.sol /** * @title UpgradeabilityProxy * @dev This contract implements a proxy that allows to change the * implementation address to which it will delegate. * Such a change is called an implementation upgrade. */ contract UpgradeabilityProxy is Proxy { /** * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded. * @param implementation Address of the new implementation. */ event Upgraded(address indexed implementation); /** * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation. * This is the keccak-256 hash of "org.zeppelinos.proxy.implementation", and is * validated in the constructor. */ bytes32 private constant IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x7050c9e0f4ca769c69bd3a8ef740bc37934f8e2c036e5a723fd8ee048ed3f8c3; /** * @dev Contract constructor. * @param _implementation Address of the initial implementation. * @param _data Data to send as msg.data to the implementation to initialize the proxied contract. * It should include the signature and the parameters of the function to be called, as described in * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.4.24/abi-spec.html#function-selector-and-argument-encoding. * This parameter is optional, if no data is given the initialization call to proxied contract will be skipped. */ constructor(address _implementation, bytes _data) public payable { assert(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT == keccak256("org.zeppelinos.proxy.implementation")); _setImplementation(_implementation); if(_data.length > 0) { require(_implementation.delegatecall(_data)); } } /** * @dev Returns the current implementation. * @return Address of the current implementation */ function _implementation() internal view returns (address impl) { bytes32 slot = IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT; assembly { impl := sload(slot) } } /** * @dev Upgrades the proxy to a new implementation. * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation. */ function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal { _setImplementation(newImplementation); emit Upgraded(newImplementation); } /** * @dev Sets the implementation address of the proxy. * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation. */ function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private { require(AddressUtils.isContract(newImplementation), "Cannot set a proxy implementation to a non-contract address"); bytes32 slot = IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT; assembly { sstore(slot, newImplementation) } } } // File: contracts/upgradeability/AdminUpgradeabilityProxy.sol /** * @title AdminUpgradeabilityProxy * @dev This contract combines an upgradeability proxy with an authorization * mechanism for administrative tasks. * All external functions in this contract must be guarded by the * `ifAdmin` modifier. See ethereum/solidity#3864 for a Solidity * feature proposal that would enable this to be done automatically. */ contract AdminUpgradeabilityProxy is UpgradeabilityProxy { /** * @dev Emitted when the administration has been transferred. * @param previousAdmin Address of the previous admin. * @param newAdmin Address of the new admin. */ event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin); /** * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract. * This is the keccak-256 hash of "org.zeppelinos.proxy.admin", and is * validated in the constructor. */ bytes32 private constant ADMIN_SLOT = 0x10d6a54a4754c8869d6886b5f5d7fbfa5b4522237ea5c60d11bc4e7a1ff9390b; /** * @dev Modifier to check whether the `msg.sender` is the admin. * If it is, it will run the function. Otherwise, it will delegate the call * to the implementation. */ modifier ifAdmin() { if (msg.sender == _admin()) { _; } else { _fallback(); } } /** * Contract constructor. * It sets the `msg.sender` as the proxy administrator. * @param _implementation address of the initial implementation. * @param _data Data to send as msg.data to the implementation to initialize the proxied contract. * It should include the signature and the parameters of the function to be called, as described in * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.4.24/abi-spec.html#function-selector-and-argument-encoding. * This parameter is optional, if no data is given the initialization call to proxied contract will be skipped. */ constructor(address _implementation, bytes _data) UpgradeabilityProxy(_implementation, _data) public payable { assert(ADMIN_SLOT == keccak256("org.zeppelinos.proxy.admin")); _setAdmin(msg.sender); } /** * @return The address of the proxy admin. */ function admin() external view ifAdmin returns (address) { return _admin(); } /** * @return The address of the implementation. */ function implementation() external view ifAdmin returns (address) { return _implementation(); } /** * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy. * Only the current admin can call this function. * @param newAdmin Address to transfer proxy administration to. */ function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) external ifAdmin { require(newAdmin != address(0), "Cannot change the admin of a proxy to the zero address"); emit AdminChanged(_admin(), newAdmin); _setAdmin(newAdmin); } /** * @dev Upgrade the backing implementation of the proxy. * Only the admin can call this function. * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation. */ function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external ifAdmin { _upgradeTo(newImplementation); } /** * @dev Upgrade the backing implementation of the proxy and call a function * on the new implementation. * This is useful to initialize the proxied contract. * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation. * @param data Data to send as msg.data in the low level call. * It should include the signature and the parameters of the function to be called, as described in * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.4.24/abi-spec.html#function-selector-and-argument-encoding. */ function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes data) payable external ifAdmin { _upgradeTo(newImplementation); require(newImplementation.delegatecall(data)); } /** * @return The admin slot. */ function _admin() internal view returns (address adm) { bytes32 slot = ADMIN_SLOT; assembly { adm := sload(slot) } } /** * @dev Sets the address of the proxy admin. * @param newAdmin Address of the new proxy admin. */ function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) internal { bytes32 slot = ADMIN_SLOT; assembly { sstore(slot, newAdmin) } } /** * @dev Only fall back when the sender is not the admin. */ function _willFallback() internal { require(msg.sender != _admin(), "Cannot call fallback function from the proxy admin"); super._willFallback(); } }
Contract Security Audit
- No Contract Security Audit Submitted- Submit Audit Here
[{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"newImplementation","type":"address"}],"name":"upgradeTo","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"newImplementation","type":"address"},{"name":"data","type":"bytes"}],"name":"upgradeToAndCall","outputs":[],"payable":true,"stateMutability":"payable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"implementation","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"address"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"newAdmin","type":"address"}],"name":"changeAdmin","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"admin","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"address"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"name":"_implementation","type":"address"},{"name":"_data","type":"bytes"}],"payable":true,"stateMutability":"payable","type":"constructor"},{"payable":true,"stateMutability":"payable","type":"fallback"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"name":"previousAdmin","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"newAdmin","type":"address"}],"name":"AdminChanged","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"implementation","type":"address"}],"name":"Upgraded","type":"event"}]
Contract Creation Code
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
Deployed Bytecode
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
Constructor Arguments (ABI-Encoded and is the last bytes of the Contract Creation Code above)
0000000000000000000000001a1fdf27c5e6784d1cebf256a8a5cc0877e73af000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000044485cc955000000000000000000000000b4ed31195d1ad52f868dfc6a607e97d6773927f60000000000000000000000000996bfb5d057faa237640e2506be7b4f9c46de0b00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
-----Decoded View---------------
Arg [0] : _implementation (address): 0x1a1fdf27c5e6784d1cEbF256A8A5Cc0877e73Af0
Arg [1] : _data (bytes): 0x485cc955000000000000000000000000b4ed31195d1ad52f868dfc6a607e97d6773927f60000000000000000000000000996bfb5d057faa237640e2506be7b4f9c46de0b
-----Encoded View---------------
6 Constructor Arguments found :
Arg [0] : 0000000000000000000000001a1fdf27c5e6784d1cebf256a8a5cc0877e73af0
Arg [1] : 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040
Arg [2] : 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000044
Arg [3] : 485cc955000000000000000000000000b4ed31195d1ad52f868dfc6a607e97d6
Arg [4] : 773927f60000000000000000000000000996bfb5d057faa237640e2506be7b4f
Arg [5] : 9c46de0b00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Deployed Bytecode Sourcemap
6418:4154:0:-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;587:11;:9;:11::i;:::-;6418:4154;9060:105;;8:9:-1;5:2;;;30:1;27;20:12;5:2;9060:105:0;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;9693:184;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;8355:103;;8:9:-1;5:2;;;30:1;27;20:12;5:2;8355:103:0;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;8641:228;;8:9:-1;5:2;;;30:1;27;20:12;5:2;8641:228:0;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;8201:85;;8:9:-1;5:2;;;30:1;27;20:12;5:2;8201:85:0;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;2133:93;2170:15;:13;:15::i;:::-;2192:28;2202:17;:15;:17::i;:::-;2192:9;:28::i;:::-;2133:93::o;9060:105::-;7256:8;:6;:8::i;:::-;7242:22;;:10;:22;;;7238:80;;;9130:29;9141:17;9130:10;:29::i;:::-;7238:80;;;7299:11;:9;:11::i;:::-;7238:80;9060:105;:::o;9693:184::-;7256:8;:6;:8::i;:::-;7242:22;;:10;:22;;;7238:80;;;9790:29;9801:17;9790:10;:29::i;:::-;9834:17;:30;;9865:4;;9834:36;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;9826:45;;;;;;;;7238:80;;;7299:11;:9;:11::i;:::-;7238:80;9693:184;;;:::o;8355:103::-;8412:7;7256:8;:6;:8::i;:::-;7242:22;;:10;:22;;;7238:80;;;8435:17;:15;:17::i;:::-;8428:24;;7238:80;;;7299:11;:9;:11::i;:::-;7238:80;8355:103;:::o;8641:228::-;7256:8;:6;:8::i;:::-;7242:22;;:10;:22;;;7238:80;;;8732:1;8712:22;;:8;:22;;;;8704:89;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;8805:32;8818:8;:6;:8::i;:::-;8828;8805:32;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;8844:19;8854:8;8844:9;:19::i;:::-;7238:80;;;7299:11;:9;:11::i;:::-;7238:80;8641:228;:::o;8201:85::-;8249:7;7256:8;:6;:8::i;:::-;7242:22;;:10;:22;;;7238:80;;;8272:8;:6;:8::i;:::-;8265:15;;7238:80;;;7299:11;:9;:11::i;:::-;7238:80;8201:85;:::o;10409:160::-;10472:8;:6;:8::i;:::-;10458:22;;:10;:22;;;;10450:85;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;10542:21;:19;:21::i;:::-;10409:160::o;5091:161::-;5141:12;5162;4073:66;5177:19;;5162:34;;5235:4;5229:11;5221:19;;5212:35;;:::o;1026:750::-;1333:12;1330:1;1327;1314:32;1527:1;1524;1510:12;1507:1;1491:14;1486:3;1473:56;1594:14;1591:1;1588;1573:36;1626:6;1688:1;1683:36;;;;1747:14;1744:1;1737:25;1683:36;1702:14;1699:1;1692:25;9927:141;9968:11;9988:12;6949:66;10003:10;;9988:25;;10051:4;10045:11;10038:18;;10029:34;;:::o;5393:145::-;5456:37;5475:17;5456:18;:37::i;:::-;5514:17;5505:27;;;;;;;;;;;;5393:145;:::o;10190:139::-;10243:12;6949:66;10258:10;;10243:25;;10308:8;10302:4;10295:22;10286:38;;:::o;1992:40::-;:::o;5681:297::-;5874:12;5759:42;5783:17;5759:23;:42::i;:::-;5751:114;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;4073:66;5889:19;;5874:34;;5948:17;5942:4;5935:31;5926:47;;:::o;2717:587::-;2774:4;2787:12;3270:4;3258:17;3250:25;;3297:1;3290:4;:8;3283:15;;2717:587;;;;:::o
Swarm Source
bzzr://f82e8b87e97893a49b8bd4d7b939f667ecf5bb0557066c581f98354d9f5ade52
Loading...
Loading
Loading...
Loading
[ Download: CSV Export ]
[ Download: CSV Export ]
A token is a representation of an on-chain or off-chain asset. The token page shows information such as price, total supply, holders, transfers and social links. Learn more about this page in our Knowledge Base.