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/// token.sol -- ERC20 implementation with minting and burning

// Copyright (C) 2015, 2016, 2017  DappHub, LLC

// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.4.23;

interface DSAuthority {
    function canCall(
        address src, address dst, bytes4 sig
    ) external view returns (bool);
}

contract DSAuthEvents {
    event LogSetAuthority (address indexed authority);
    event LogSetOwner     (address indexed owner);
}

contract DSAuth is DSAuthEvents {
    DSAuthority  public  authority;
    address      public  owner;

    constructor() public {
        owner = msg.sender;
        emit LogSetOwner(msg.sender);
    }

    function setOwner(address owner_)
        public
        auth
    {
        owner = owner_;
        emit LogSetOwner(owner);
    }

    function setAuthority(DSAuthority authority_)
        public
        auth
    {
        authority = authority_;
        emit LogSetAuthority(address(authority));
    }

    modifier auth {
        require(isAuthorized(msg.sender, msg.sig), "ds-auth-unauthorized");
        _;
    }

    function isAuthorized(address src, bytes4 sig) internal view returns (bool) {
        if (src == address(this)) {
            return true;
        } else if (src == owner) {
            return true;
        } else if (authority == DSAuthority(address(0))) {
            return false;
        } else {
            return authority.canCall(src, address(this), sig);
        }
    }
}

contract DSMath {
    function add(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x, "ds-math-add-overflow");
    }
    function sub(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require((z = x - y) <= x, "ds-math-sub-underflow");
    }
    function mul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x, "ds-math-mul-overflow");
    }

    function min(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        return x <= y ? x : y;
    }
    function max(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        return x >= y ? x : y;
    }
    function imin(int x, int y) internal pure returns (int z) {
        return x <= y ? x : y;
    }
    function imax(int x, int y) internal pure returns (int z) {
        return x >= y ? x : y;
    }

    uint constant WAD = 10 ** 18;
    uint constant RAY = 10 ** 27;

    //rounds to zero if x*y < WAD / 2
    function wmul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        z = add(mul(x, y), WAD / 2) / WAD;
    }
    //rounds to zero if x*y < WAD / 2
    function rmul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        z = add(mul(x, y), RAY / 2) / RAY;
    }
    //rounds to zero if x*y < WAD / 2
    function wdiv(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        z = add(mul(x, WAD), y / 2) / y;
    }
    //rounds to zero if x*y < RAY / 2
    function rdiv(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        z = add(mul(x, RAY), y / 2) / y;
    }

    // This famous algorithm is called "exponentiation by squaring"
    // and calculates x^n with x as fixed-point and n as regular unsigned.
    //
    // It's O(log n), instead of O(n) for naive repeated multiplication.
    //
    // These facts are why it works:
    //
    //  If n is even, then x^n = (x^2)^(n/2).
    //  If n is odd,  then x^n = x * x^(n-1),
    //   and applying the equation for even x gives
    //    x^n = x * (x^2)^((n-1) / 2).
    //
    //  Also, EVM division is flooring and
    //    floor[(n-1) / 2] = floor[n / 2].
    //
    function rpow(uint x, uint n) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        z = n % 2 != 0 ? x : RAY;

        for (n /= 2; n != 0; n /= 2) {
            x = rmul(x, x);

            if (n % 2 != 0) {
                z = rmul(z, x);
            }
        }
    }
}

contract DSToken is DSMath, DSAuth {
    bool                                              public  stopped;
    uint256                                           public  totalSupply;
    mapping (address => uint256)                      public  balanceOf;
    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) public  allowance;
    string                                            public  symbol;
    uint8                                             public  decimals = 18; // standard token precision. override to customize
    string                                            public  name = "";     // Optional token name


    constructor(string memory symbol_) public {
        symbol = symbol_;
    }

    event Approval(address indexed src, address indexed guy, uint wad);
    event Transfer(address indexed src, address indexed dst, uint wad);
    event Mint(address indexed guy, uint wad);
    event Burn(address indexed guy, uint wad);
    event Stop();
    event Start();

    modifier stoppable {
        require(!stopped, "ds-stop-is-stopped");
        _;
    }

    function approve(address guy) external returns (bool) {
        return approve(guy, type(uint256).max);
    }

    function approve(address guy, uint wad) public stoppable returns (bool) {
        allowance[msg.sender][guy] = wad;

        emit Approval(msg.sender, guy, wad);

        return true;
    }

    function transfer(address dst, uint wad) external returns (bool) {
        return transferFrom(msg.sender, dst, wad);
    }

    function transferFrom(address src, address dst, uint wad)
        public
        stoppable
        returns (bool)
    {
        if (src != msg.sender && allowance[src][msg.sender] != type(uint256).max) {
            require(allowance[src][msg.sender] >= wad, "ds-token-insufficient-approval");
            allowance[src][msg.sender] = sub(allowance[src][msg.sender], wad);
        }

        require(balanceOf[src] >= wad, "ds-token-insufficient-balance");
        balanceOf[src] = sub(balanceOf[src], wad);
        balanceOf[dst] = add(balanceOf[dst], wad);

        emit Transfer(src, dst, wad);

        return true;
    }

    function push(address dst, uint wad) external {
        transferFrom(msg.sender, dst, wad);
    }

    function pull(address src, uint wad) external {
        transferFrom(src, msg.sender, wad);
    }

    function move(address src, address dst, uint wad) external {
        transferFrom(src, dst, wad);
    }


    function mint(uint wad) external {
        mint(msg.sender, wad);
    }

    function burn(uint wad) external {
        burn(msg.sender, wad);
    }

    function mint(address guy, uint wad) public auth stoppable {
        balanceOf[guy] = add(balanceOf[guy], wad);
        totalSupply = add(totalSupply, wad);
        emit Mint(guy, wad);
    }

    function burn(address guy, uint wad) public auth stoppable {
        if (guy != msg.sender && allowance[guy][msg.sender] != type(uint256).max) {
            require(allowance[guy][msg.sender] >= wad, "ds-token-insufficient-approval");
            allowance[guy][msg.sender] = sub(allowance[guy][msg.sender], wad);
        }

        require(balanceOf[guy] >= wad, "ds-token-insufficient-balance");
        balanceOf[guy] = sub(balanceOf[guy], wad);
        totalSupply = sub(totalSupply, wad);
        emit Burn(guy, wad);
    }

    function stop() public auth {
        stopped = true;
        emit Stop();
    }

    function start() public auth {
        stopped = false;
        emit Start();
    }


    function setName(string memory name_) public auth {
        name = name_;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// join.sol -- Basic token adapters

// Copyright (C) 2018 Rain <[email protected]>
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// FIXME: This contract was altered compared to the production version.
// It doesn't use LibNote anymore.
// New deployments of this contract will need to include custom events (TO DO).

interface GemLike {
    function decimals() external view returns (uint);
    function transfer(address,uint) external returns (bool);
    function transferFrom(address,address,uint) external returns (bool);
}

interface DSTokenLike {
    function mint(address,uint) external;
    function burn(address,uint) external;
}

interface VatLike {
    function slip(bytes32,address,int) external;
    function move(address,address,uint) external;
}

/*
    Here we provide *adapters* to connect the Vat to arbitrary external
    token implementations, creating a bounded context for the Vat. The
    adapters here are provided as working examples:

      - `GemJoin`: For well behaved ERC20 tokens, with simple transfer
                   semantics.

      - `ETHJoin`: For native Ether.

      - `USBJoin`: For connecting internal USB balances to an external
                   `DSToken` implementation.

    In practice, adapter implementations will be varied and specific to
    individual collateral types, accounting for different transfer
    semantics and token standards.

    Adapters need to implement two basic methods:

      - `join`: enter collateral into the system
      - `exit`: remove collateral from the system

*/

contract GemJoin {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth {
        wards[usr] = 1;
        emit Rely(usr);
    }
    function deny(address usr) external auth {
        wards[usr] = 0;
        emit Deny(usr);
    }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "GemJoin/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    VatLike public vat;   // CDP Engine
    bytes32 public ilk;   // Collateral Type
    GemLike public gem;
    uint    public dec;
    uint    public live;  // Active Flag

    // Events
    event Rely(address indexed usr);
    event Deny(address indexed usr);
    event Join(address indexed usr, uint256 wad);
    event Exit(address indexed usr, uint256 wad);
    event Cage();

    constructor(address vat_, bytes32 ilk_, address gem_) public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        live = 1;
        vat = VatLike(vat_);
        ilk = ilk_;
        gem = GemLike(gem_);
        dec = gem.decimals();
        emit Rely(msg.sender);
    }
    function cage() external auth {
        live = 0;
        emit Cage();
    }
    function join(address usr, uint wad) external {
        require(live == 1, "GemJoin/not-live");
        require(int(wad) >= 0, "GemJoin/overflow");
        vat.slip(ilk, usr, int(wad));
        require(gem.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), wad), "GemJoin/failed-transfer");
        emit Join(usr, wad);
    }
    function exit(address usr, uint wad) external {
        require(wad <= 2 ** 255, "GemJoin/overflow");
        vat.slip(ilk, msg.sender, -int(wad));
        require(gem.transfer(usr, wad), "GemJoin/failed-transfer");
        emit Exit(usr, wad);
    }
}

contract USBJoin {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth {
        wards[usr] = 1;
        emit Rely(usr);
    }
    function deny(address usr) external auth {
        wards[usr] = 0;
        emit Deny(usr);
    }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "USBJoin/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    VatLike public vat;      // CDP Engine
    DSTokenLike public USB;  // Stablecoin Token
    uint    public live;     // Active Flag

    // Events
    event Rely(address indexed usr);
    event Deny(address indexed usr);
    event Join(address indexed usr, uint256 wad);
    event Exit(address indexed usr, uint256 wad);
    event Cage();

    constructor(address vat_, address USB_) public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        live = 1;
        vat = VatLike(vat_);
        USB = DSTokenLike(USB_);
    }
    function cage() external auth {
        live = 0;
        emit Cage();
    }
    uint constant ONE = 10 ** 27;
    function mul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x);
    }
    function join(address usr, uint wad) external {
        vat.move(address(this), usr, mul(ONE, wad));
        USB.burn(msg.sender, wad);
        emit Join(usr, wad);
    }
    function exit(address usr, uint wad) external {
        require(live == 1, "USBJoin/not-live");
        vat.move(msg.sender, address(this), mul(ONE, wad));
        USB.mint(usr, wad);
        emit Exit(usr, wad);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// clip.sol -- USB auction module 2.0


//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
// by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface VatLike {
    function move(address,address,uint256) external;
    function flux(bytes32,address,address,uint256) external;
    function ilks(bytes32) external returns (uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256);
    function suck(address,address,uint256) external;
}

interface PipLike {
    function peek() external returns (bytes32, bool);
}

interface SpotterLike {
    function par() external returns (uint256);
    function ilks(bytes32) external returns (PipLike, uint256);
}

interface DogLike {
    function chop(bytes32) external returns (uint256);
    function digs(bytes32, uint256) external;
}

interface ClipperCallee {
    function clipperCall(address, uint256, uint256, bytes calldata) external;
}

interface AbacusLike {
    function price(uint256, uint256) external view returns (uint256);
}

contract Clipper {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint256) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 1; emit Rely(usr); }
    function deny(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 0; emit Deny(usr); }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "Clipper/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    bytes32  immutable public ilk;   // Collateral type of this Clipper
    VatLike  immutable public vat;   // Core CDP Engine

    DogLike     public dog;      // Liquidation module
    address     public vow;      // Recipient of USB raised in auctions
    SpotterLike public spotter;  // Collateral price module
    AbacusLike  public calc;     // Current price calculator

    uint256 public buf;    // Multiplicative factor to increase starting price                  [ray]
    uint256 public tail;   // Time elapsed before auction reset                                 [seconds]
    uint256 public cusp;   // Percentage drop before auction reset                              [ray]
    uint64  public chip;   // Percentage of tab to suck from vow to incentivize keepers         [wad]
    uint192 public tip;    // Flat fee to suck from vow to incentivize keepers                  [rad]
    uint256 public chost;  // Cache the ilk dust times the ilk chop to prevent excessive SLOADs [rad]

    uint256   public kicks;   // Total auctions
    uint256[] public active;  // Array of active auction ids

    struct Sale {
        uint256 pos;  // Index in active array
        uint256 tab;  // USB to raise       [rad]
        uint256 lot;  // collateral to sell [wad]
        address usr;  // Liquidated CDP
        uint96  tic;  // Auction start time
        uint256 top;  // Starting price     [ray]
    }
    mapping(uint256 => Sale) public sales;

    uint256 internal locked;

    // Levels for circuit breaker
    // 0: no breaker
    // 1: no new kick()
    // 2: no new kick() or redo()
    // 3: no new kick(), redo(), or take()
    uint256 public stopped = 0;

    // --- Events ---
    event Rely(address indexed usr);
    event Deny(address indexed usr);

    event File(bytes32 indexed what, uint256 data);
    event File(bytes32 indexed what, address data);

    event Kick(
        uint256 indexed id,
        uint256 top,
        uint256 tab,
        uint256 lot,
        address indexed usr,
        address indexed kpr,
        uint256 coin
    );
    event Take(
        uint256 indexed id,
        uint256 max,
        uint256 price,
        uint256 owe,
        uint256 tab,
        uint256 lot,
        address indexed usr
    );
    event Redo(
        uint256 indexed id,
        uint256 top,
        uint256 tab,
        uint256 lot,
        address indexed usr,
        address indexed kpr,
        uint256 coin
    );

    event Yank(uint256 id);

    // --- Init ---
    constructor(address vat_, address spotter_, address dog_, bytes32 ilk_) public {
        vat     = VatLike(vat_);
        spotter = SpotterLike(spotter_);
        dog     = DogLike(dog_);
        ilk     = ilk_;
        buf     = RAY;
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        emit Rely(msg.sender);
    }

    // --- Synchronization ---
    modifier lock {
        require(locked == 0, "Clipper/system-locked");
        locked = 1;
        _;
        locked = 0;
    }

    modifier isStopped(uint256 level) {
        require(stopped < level, "Clipper/stopped-incorrect");
        _;
    }

    // --- Administration ---
    function file(bytes32 what, uint256 data) external auth lock {
        if      (what == "buf")         buf = data;
        else if (what == "tail")       tail = data;           // Time elapsed before auction reset
        else if (what == "cusp")       cusp = data;           // Percentage drop before auction reset
        else if (what == "chip")       chip = uint64(data);   // Percentage of tab to incentivize (max: 2^64 - 1 => 18.xxx WAD = 18xx%)
        else if (what == "tip")         tip = uint192(data);  // Flat fee to incentivize keepers (max: 2^192 - 1 => 6.277T RAD)
        else if (what == "stopped") stopped = data;           // Set breaker (0, 1, 2, or 3)
        else revert("Clipper/file-unrecognized-param");
        emit File(what, data);
    }
    function file(bytes32 what, address data) external auth lock {
        if (what == "spotter") spotter = SpotterLike(data);
        else if (what == "dog")    dog = DogLike(data);
        else if (what == "vow")    vow = data;
        else if (what == "calc")  calc = AbacusLike(data);
        else revert("Clipper/file-unrecognized-param");
        emit File(what, data);
    }

    // --- Math ---
    uint256 constant BLN = 10 **  9;
    uint256 constant WAD = 10 ** 18;
    uint256 constant RAY = 10 ** 27;

    function min(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        z = x <= y ? x : y;
    }
    function add(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x);
    }
    function sub(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require((z = x - y) <= x);
    }
    function mul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x);
    }
    function wmul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        z = mul(x, y) / WAD;
    }
    function rmul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        z = mul(x, y) / RAY;
    }
    function rdiv(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        z = mul(x, RAY) / y;
    }

    // --- Auction ---

    // get the price directly from the OSM
    // Could get this from rmul(Vat.ilks(ilk).spot, Spotter.mat()) instead, but
    // if mat has changed since the last poke, the resulting value will be
    // incorrect.
    function getFeedPrice() internal returns (uint256 feedPrice) {
        (PipLike pip, ) = spotter.ilks(ilk);
        (bytes32 val, bool has) = pip.peek();
        require(has, "Clipper/invalid-price");
        feedPrice = rdiv(mul(uint256(val), BLN), spotter.par());
    }

    // start an auction
    // note: trusts the caller to transfer collateral to the contract
    // The starting price `top` is obtained as follows:
    //
    //     top = val * buf / par
    //
    // Where `val` is the collateral's unitary value in USD, `buf` is a
    // multiplicative factor to increase the starting price, and `par` is a
    // reference per USB.
    function kick(
        uint256 tab,  // Debt                   [rad]
        uint256 lot,  // Collateral             [wad]
        address usr,  // Address that will receive any leftover collateral
        address kpr   // Address that will receive incentives
    ) external auth lock isStopped(1) returns (uint256 id) {
        // Input validation
        require(tab  >          0, "Clipper/zero-tab");
        require(lot  >          0, "Clipper/zero-lot");
        require(usr != address(0), "Clipper/zero-usr");
        id = ++kicks;
        require(id   >          0, "Clipper/overflow");

        active.push(id);

        sales[id].pos = active.length - 1;

        sales[id].tab = tab;
        sales[id].lot = lot;
        sales[id].usr = usr;
        sales[id].tic = uint96(block.timestamp);

        uint256 top;
        top = rmul(getFeedPrice(), buf);
        require(top > 0, "Clipper/zero-top-price");
        sales[id].top = top;

        // incentive to kick auction
        uint256 _tip  = tip;
        uint256 _chip = chip;
        uint256 coin;
        if (_tip > 0 || _chip > 0) {
            coin = add(_tip, wmul(tab, _chip));
            vat.suck(vow, kpr, coin);
        }

        emit Kick(id, top, tab, lot, usr, kpr, coin);
    }

    // Reset an auction
    // See `kick` above for an explanation of the computation of `top`.
    function redo(
        uint256 id,  // id of the auction to reset
        address kpr  // Address that will receive incentives
    ) external lock isStopped(2) {
        // Read auction data
        address usr = sales[id].usr;
        uint96  tic = sales[id].tic;
        uint256 top = sales[id].top;

        require(usr != address(0), "Clipper/not-running-auction");

        // Check that auction needs reset
        // and compute current price [ray]
        (bool done,) = status(tic, top);
        require(done, "Clipper/cannot-reset");

        uint256 tab   = sales[id].tab;
        uint256 lot   = sales[id].lot;
        sales[id].tic = uint96(block.timestamp);

        uint256 feedPrice = getFeedPrice();
        top = rmul(feedPrice, buf);
        require(top > 0, "Clipper/zero-top-price");
        sales[id].top = top;

        // incentive to redo auction
        uint256 _tip  = tip;
        uint256 _chip = chip;
        uint256 coin;
        if (_tip > 0 || _chip > 0) {
            uint256 _chost = chost;
            if (tab >= _chost && mul(lot, feedPrice) >= _chost) {
                coin = add(_tip, wmul(tab, _chip));
                vat.suck(vow, kpr, coin);
            }
        }

        emit Redo(id, top, tab, lot, usr, kpr, coin);
    }

    // Buy up to `amt` of collateral from the auction indexed by `id`.
    //
    // Auctions will not collect more USB than their assigned USB target,`tab`;
    // thus, if `amt` would cost more USB than `tab` at the current price, the
    // amount of collateral purchased will instead be just enough to collect `tab` USB.
    //
    // To avoid partial purchases resulting in very small leftover auctions that will
    // never be cleared, any partial purchase must leave at least `Clipper.chost`
    // remaining USB target. `chost` is an asynchronously updated value equal to
    // (Vat.dust * Dog.chop(ilk) / WAD) where the values are understood to be determined
    // by whatever they were when Clipper.upchost() was last called. Purchase amounts
    // will be minimally decreased when necessary to respect this limit; i.e., if the
    // specified `amt` would leave `tab < chost` but `tab > 0`, the amount actually
    // purchased will be such that `tab == chost`.
    //
    // If `tab <= chost`, partial purchases are no longer possible; that is, the remaining
    // collateral can only be purchased entirely, or not at all.
    function take(
        uint256 id,           // Auction id
        uint256 amt,          // Upper limit on amount of collateral to buy  [wad]
        uint256 max,          // Maximum acceptable price (USB / collateral) [ray]
        address who,          // Receiver of collateral and external call address
        bytes calldata data   // Data to pass in external call; if length 0, no call is done
    ) external lock isStopped(3) {

        address usr = sales[id].usr;
        uint96  tic = sales[id].tic;

        require(usr != address(0), "Clipper/not-running-auction");

        uint256 price;
        {
            bool done;
            (done, price) = status(tic, sales[id].top);

            // Check that auction doesn't need reset
            require(!done, "Clipper/needs-reset");
        }

        // Ensure price is acceptable to buyer
        require(max >= price, "Clipper/too-expensive");

        uint256 lot = sales[id].lot;
        uint256 tab = sales[id].tab;
        uint256 owe;

        {
            // Purchase as much as possible, up to amt
            uint256 slice = min(lot, amt);  // slice <= lot

            // USB needed to buy a slice of this sale
            owe = mul(slice, price);

            // Don't collect more than tab of USB
            if (owe > tab) {
                // Total debt will be paid
                owe = tab;                  // owe' <= owe
                // Adjust slice
                slice = owe / price;        // slice' = owe' / price <= owe / price == slice <= lot
            } else if (owe < tab && slice < lot) {
                // If slice == lot => auction completed => dust doesn't matter
                uint256 _chost = chost;
                if (tab - owe < _chost) {    // safe as owe < tab
                    // If tab <= chost, buyers have to take the entire lot.
                    require(tab > _chost, "Clipper/no-partial-purchase");
                    // Adjust amount to pay
                    owe = tab - _chost;      // owe' <= owe
                    // Adjust slice
                    slice = owe / price;     // slice' = owe' / price < owe / price == slice < lot
                }
            }

            // Calculate remaining tab after operation
            tab = tab - owe;  // safe since owe <= tab
            // Calculate remaining lot after operation
            lot = lot - slice;

            // Send collateral to who
            vat.flux(ilk, address(this), who, slice);

            // Do external call (if data is defined) but to be
            // extremely careful we don't allow to do it to the two
            // contracts which the Clipper needs to be authorized
            DogLike dog_ = dog;
            if (data.length > 0 && who != address(vat) && who != address(dog_)) {
                ClipperCallee(who).clipperCall(msg.sender, owe, slice, data);
            }

            // Get USB from caller
            vat.move(msg.sender, vow, owe);

            // Removes USB out for liquidation from accumulator
            dog_.digs(ilk, lot == 0 ? tab + owe : owe);
        }

        if (lot == 0) {
            _remove(id);
        } else if (tab == 0) {
            vat.flux(ilk, address(this), usr, lot);
            _remove(id);
        } else {
            sales[id].tab = tab;
            sales[id].lot = lot;
        }

        emit Take(id, max, price, owe, tab, lot, usr);
    }

    function _remove(uint256 id) internal {
        uint256 _move    = active[active.length - 1];
        if (id != _move) {
            uint256 _index   = sales[id].pos;
            active[_index]   = _move;
            sales[_move].pos = _index;
        }
        active.pop();
        delete sales[id];
    }

    // The number of active auctions
    function count() external view returns (uint256) {
        return active.length;
    }

    // Return the entire array of active auctions
    function list() external view returns (uint256[] memory) {
        return active;
    }

    // Externally returns boolean for if an auction needs a redo and also the current price
    function getStatus(uint256 id) external view returns (bool needsRedo, uint256 price, uint256 lot, uint256 tab) {
        // Read auction data
        address usr = sales[id].usr;
        uint96  tic = sales[id].tic;

        bool done;
        (done, price) = status(tic, sales[id].top);

        needsRedo = usr != address(0) && done;
        lot = sales[id].lot;
        tab = sales[id].tab;
    }

    // Internally returns boolean for if an auction needs a redo
    function status(uint96 tic, uint256 top) internal view returns (bool done, uint256 price) {
        price = calc.price(top, sub(block.timestamp, tic));
        done  = (sub(block.timestamp, tic) > tail || rdiv(price, top) < cusp);
    }

    // Public function to update the cached dust*chop value.
    function upchost() external {
        (,,,, uint256 _dust) = VatLike(vat).ilks(ilk);
        chost = wmul(_dust, dog.chop(ilk));
    }

    // Cancel an auction during ES or via governance action.
    function yank(uint256 id) external auth lock {
        require(sales[id].usr != address(0), "Clipper/not-running-auction");
        dog.digs(ilk, sales[id].tab);
        vat.flux(ilk, address(this), msg.sender, sales[id].lot);
        _remove(id);
        emit Yank(id);
    }
}

/// VoteProxy.sol



// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

// vote w/ a hot or cold wallet using a proxy identity
pragma solidity >=0.4.24;

interface TokenLike {
    function balanceOf(address) external view returns (uint256);
    function approve(address, uint256) external;
    function pull(address, uint256) external;
    function push(address, uint256) external;
}

interface ChiefLike {
    function GOV() external view returns (TokenLike);
    function IOU() external view returns (TokenLike);
    function deposits(address) external view returns (uint256);
    function lock(uint256) external;
    function free(uint256) external;
    function vote(address[] calldata) external returns (bytes32);
    function vote(bytes32) external;
}

contract VoteProxy {
    address   public cold;
    address   public hot;
    TokenLike public gov;
    TokenLike public iou;
    ChiefLike public chief;

    constructor(address _chief, address _cold, address _hot) public {
        chief = ChiefLike(_chief);
        cold = _cold;
        hot = _hot;

        gov = chief.GOV();
        iou = chief.IOU();
        gov.approve(address(chief), type(uint256).max);
        iou.approve(address(chief), type(uint256).max);
    }

    modifier auth() {
        require(msg.sender == hot || msg.sender == cold, "Sender must be a Cold or Hot Wallet");
        _;
    }

    function lock(uint256 wad) public auth {
        gov.pull(cold, wad);   // mkr from cold
        chief.lock(wad);       // mkr out, ious in
    }

    function free(uint256 wad) public auth {
        chief.free(wad);       // ious out, mkr in
        gov.push(cold, wad);   // mkr to cold
    }

    function freeAll() public auth {
        chief.free(chief.deposits(address(this)));
        gov.push(cold, gov.balanceOf(address(this)));
    }

    function vote(address[] memory yays) public auth returns (bytes32) {
        return chief.vote(yays);
    }

    function vote(bytes32 slate) public auth {
        chief.vote(slate);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// flop.sol -- Debt auction

// Copyright (C) 2018 Rain <[email protected]>
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// FIXME: This contract was altered compared to the production version.
// It doesn't use LibNote anymore.
// New deployments of this contract will need to include custom events (TO DO).

interface VatLike {
    function move(address,address,uint) external;
    function suck(address,address,uint) external;
}
interface GemLike {
    function mint(address,uint) external;
}
interface VowLike {
    function Ash() external returns (uint);
    function kiss(uint) external;
}

/*
   This thing creates gems on demand in return for USB.

 - `lot` gems in return for bid
 - `bid` USB paid
 - `gal` receives USB income
 - `ttl` single bid lifetime
 - `beg` minimum bid increase
 - `end` max auction duration
*/

contract Flopper {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 1; }
    function deny(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 0; }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "Flopper/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    struct Bid {
        uint256 bid;  // USB paid                [rad]
        uint256 lot;  // gems in return for bid  [wad]
        address guy;  // high bidder
        uint48  tic;  // bid expiry time         [unix epoch time]
        uint48  end;  // auction expiry time     [unix epoch time]
    }

    mapping (uint => Bid) public bids;

    VatLike  public   vat;  // CDP Engine
    GemLike  public   gem;

    uint256  constant ONE = 1.00E18;
    uint256  public   beg = 1.05E18;  // 5% minimum bid increase
    uint256  public   pad = 1.50E18;  // 50% lot increase for tick
    uint48   public   ttl = 3 hours;  // 3 hours bid lifetime         [seconds]
    uint48   public   tau = 2 days;   // 2 days total auction length  [seconds]
    uint256  public kicks = 0;
    uint256  public live;             // Active Flag
    address  public vow;              // not used until shutdown

    // --- Events ---
    event Kick(
      uint256 id,
      uint256 lot,
      uint256 bid,
      address indexed gal
    );

    // --- Init ---
    constructor(address vat_, address gem_) public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        vat = VatLike(vat_);
        gem = GemLike(gem_);
        live = 1;
    }

    // --- Math ---
    function add(uint48 x, uint48 y) internal pure returns (uint48 z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x);
    }
    function mul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x);
    }
    function min(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        if (x > y) { z = y; } else { z = x; }
    }

    // --- Admin ---
    function file(bytes32 what, uint data) external auth {
        if (what == "beg") beg = data;
        else if (what == "pad") pad = data;
        else if (what == "ttl") ttl = uint48(data);
        else if (what == "tau") tau = uint48(data);
        else revert("Flopper/file-unrecognized-param");
    }

    // --- Auction ---
    function kick(address gal, uint lot, uint bid) external auth returns (uint id) {
        require(live == 1, "Flopper/not-live");
        require(kicks < type(uint256).max, "Flopper/overflow");
        id = ++kicks;

        bids[id].bid = bid;
        bids[id].lot = lot;
        bids[id].guy = gal;
        bids[id].end = add(uint48(block.timestamp), tau);

        emit Kick(id, lot, bid, gal);
    }
    function tick(uint id) external {
        require(bids[id].end < block.timestamp, "Flopper/not-finished");
        require(bids[id].tic == 0, "Flopper/bid-already-placed");
        bids[id].lot = mul(pad, bids[id].lot) / ONE;
        bids[id].end = add(uint48(block.timestamp), tau);
    }
    function dent(uint id, uint lot, uint bid) external {
        require(live == 1, "Flopper/not-live");
        require(bids[id].guy != address(0), "Flopper/guy-not-set");
        require(bids[id].tic > block.timestamp || bids[id].tic == 0, "Flopper/already-finished-tic");
        require(bids[id].end > block.timestamp, "Flopper/already-finished-end");

        require(bid == bids[id].bid, "Flopper/not-matching-bid");
        require(lot <  bids[id].lot, "Flopper/lot-not-lower");
        require(mul(beg, lot) <= mul(bids[id].lot, ONE), "Flopper/insufficient-decrease");

        if (msg.sender != bids[id].guy) {
            vat.move(msg.sender, bids[id].guy, bid);

            // on first dent, clear as much Ash as possible
            if (bids[id].tic == 0) {
                uint Ash = VowLike(bids[id].guy).Ash();
                VowLike(bids[id].guy).kiss(min(bid, Ash));
            }

            bids[id].guy = msg.sender;
        }

        bids[id].lot = lot;
        bids[id].tic = add(uint48(block.timestamp), ttl);
    }
    function deal(uint id) external {
        require(live == 1, "Flopper/not-live");
        require(bids[id].tic != 0 && (bids[id].tic < block.timestamp || bids[id].end < block.timestamp), "Flopper/not-finished");
        gem.mint(bids[id].guy, bids[id].lot);
        delete bids[id];
    }

    // --- Shutdown ---
    function cage() external auth {
       live = 0;
       vow = msg.sender;
    }
    function yank(uint id) external {
        require(live == 0, "Flopper/still-live");
        require(bids[id].guy != address(0), "Flopper/guy-not-set");
        vat.suck(vow, bids[id].guy, bids[id].bid);
        delete bids[id];
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// cat.sol -- USB liquidation module

// Copyright (C) 2018 Rain <[email protected]>
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// FIXME: This contract was altered compared to the production version.
// It doesn't use LibNote anymore.
// New deployments of this contract will need to include custom events (TO DO).

interface Kicker {
    function kick(address urn, address gal, uint256 tab, uint256 lot, uint256 bid)
        external returns (uint256);
}

interface VatLike {
    function ilks(bytes32) external view returns (
        uint256 Art,  // [wad]
        uint256 rate, // [ray]
        uint256 spot, // [ray]
        uint256 line, // [rad]
        uint256 dust  // [rad]
    );
    function urns(bytes32,address) external view returns (
        uint256 ink,  // [wad]
        uint256 art   // [wad]
    );
    function grab(bytes32,address,address,address,int256,int256) external;
    function hope(address) external;
    function nope(address) external;
}

interface VowLike {
    function fess(uint256) external;
}

contract Cat {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint256) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 1; }
    function deny(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 0; }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "Cat/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    struct Ilk {
        address flip;  // Liquidator
        uint256 chop;  // Liquidation Penalty  [wad]
        uint256 dunk;  // Liquidation Quantity [rad]
    }

    mapping (bytes32 => Ilk) public ilks;

    uint256 public live;   // Active Flag
    VatLike public vat;    // CDP Engine
    VowLike public vow;    // Debt Engine
    uint256 public box;    // Max USB out for liquidation        [rad]
    uint256 public litter; // Balance of USB out for liquidation [rad]

    // --- Events ---
    event Bite(
      bytes32 indexed ilk,
      address indexed urn,
      uint256 ink,
      uint256 art,
      uint256 tab,
      address flip,
      uint256 id
    );

    // --- Init ---
    constructor(address vat_) public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        vat = VatLike(vat_);
        live = 1;
    }

    // --- Math ---
    uint256 constant WAD = 10 ** 18;

    function min(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        if (x > y) { z = y; } else { z = x; }
    }
    function add(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x);
    }
    function sub(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require((z = x - y) <= x);
    }
    function mul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x);
    }

    // --- Administration ---
    function file(bytes32 what, address data) external auth {
        if (what == "vow") vow = VowLike(data);
        else revert("Cat/file-unrecognized-param");
    }
    function file(bytes32 what, uint256 data) external auth {
        if (what == "box") box = data;
        else revert("Cat/file-unrecognized-param");
    }
    function file(bytes32 ilk, bytes32 what, uint256 data) external auth {
        if (what == "chop") ilks[ilk].chop = data;
        else if (what == "dunk") ilks[ilk].dunk = data;
        else revert("Cat/file-unrecognized-param");
    }
    function file(bytes32 ilk, bytes32 what, address flip) external auth {
        if (what == "flip") {
            vat.nope(ilks[ilk].flip);
            ilks[ilk].flip = flip;
            vat.hope(flip);
        }
        else revert("Cat/file-unrecognized-param");
    }

    // --- CDP Liquidation ---
    function bite(bytes32 ilk, address urn) external returns (uint256 id) {
        (,uint256 rate,uint256 spot,,uint256 dust) = vat.ilks(ilk);
        (uint256 ink, uint256 art) = vat.urns(ilk, urn);

        require(live == 1, "Cat/not-live");
        require(spot > 0 && mul(ink, spot) < mul(art, rate), "Cat/not-unsafe");

        Ilk memory milk = ilks[ilk];
        uint256 dart;
        {
            uint256 room = sub(box, litter);

            // test whether the remaining space in the litterbox is dusty
            require(litter < box && room >= dust, "Cat/liquidation-limit-hit");

            dart = min(art, mul(min(milk.dunk, room), WAD) / rate / milk.chop);
        }

        uint256 dink = min(ink, mul(ink, dart) / art);

        require(dart >  0      && dink >  0     , "Cat/null-auction");
        require(dart <= 2**255 && dink <= 2**255, "Cat/overflow"    );

        // This may leave the CDP in a dusty state
        vat.grab(
            ilk, urn, address(this), address(vow), -int256(dink), -int256(dart)
        );
        vow.fess(mul(dart, rate));

        { // Avoid stack too deep
            // This calcuation will overflow if dart*rate exceeds ~10^14,
            // i.e. the maximum dunk is roughly 100 trillion USB.
            uint256 tab = mul(mul(dart, rate), milk.chop) / WAD;
            litter = add(litter, tab);

            id = Kicker(milk.flip).kick({
                urn: urn,
                gal: address(vow),
                tab: tab,
                lot: dink,
                bid: 0
            });
        }

        emit Bite(ilk, urn, dink, dart, mul(dart, rate), milk.flip, id);
    }

    function claw(uint256 rad) external auth {
        litter = sub(litter, rad);
    }

    function cage() external auth {
        live = 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// vow.sol -- USB settlement module

// Copyright (C) 2018 Rain <[email protected]>
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// FIXME: This contract was altered compared to the production version.
// It doesn't use LibNote anymore.
// New deployments of this contract will need to include custom events (TO DO).

interface FlopLike {
    function kick(address gal, uint lot, uint bid) external returns (uint);
    function cage() external;
    function live() external returns (uint);
}

interface FlapLike {
    function kick(uint lot, uint bid) external returns (uint);
    function cage(uint) external;
    function live() external returns (uint);
}

interface VatLike {
    function USB (address) external view returns (uint);
    function sin (address) external view returns (uint);
    function heal(uint256) external;
    function hope(address) external;
    function nope(address) external;
}

contract Vow {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth { require(live == 1, "Vow/not-live"); wards[usr] = 1; }
    function deny(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 0; }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "Vow/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    VatLike public vat;        // CDP Engine
    FlapLike public flapper;   // Surplus Auction House
    FlopLike public flopper;   // Debt Auction House

    mapping (uint256 => uint256) public sin;  // debt queue
    uint256 public Sin;   // Queued debt            [rad]
    uint256 public Ash;   // On-auction debt        [rad]

    uint256 public wait;  // Flop delay             [seconds]
    uint256 public dump;  // Flop initial lot size  [wad]
    uint256 public sump;  // Flop fixed bid size    [rad]

    uint256 public bump;  // Flap fixed lot size    [rad]
    uint256 public hump;  // Surplus buffer         [rad]

    uint256 public live;  // Active Flag

    // --- Init ---
    constructor(address vat_, address flapper_, address flopper_) public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        vat     = VatLike(vat_);
        flapper = FlapLike(flapper_);
        flopper = FlopLike(flopper_);
        vat.hope(flapper_);
        live = 1;
    }

    // --- Math ---
    function add(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x);
    }
    function sub(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require((z = x - y) <= x);
    }
    function min(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        return x <= y ? x : y;
    }

    // --- Administration ---
    function file(bytes32 what, uint data) external auth {
        if (what == "wait") wait = data;
        else if (what == "bump") bump = data;
        else if (what == "sump") sump = data;
        else if (what == "dump") dump = data;
        else if (what == "hump") hump = data;
        else revert("Vow/file-unrecognized-param");
    }

    function file(bytes32 what, address data) external auth {
        if (what == "flapper") {
            vat.nope(address(flapper));
            flapper = FlapLike(data);
            vat.hope(data);
        }
        else if (what == "flopper") flopper = FlopLike(data);
        else revert("Vow/file-unrecognized-param");
    }

    // Push to debt-queue
    function fess(uint tab) external auth {
        sin[block.timestamp] = add(sin[block.timestamp], tab);
        Sin = add(Sin, tab);
    }
    // Pop from debt-queue
    function flog(uint era) external {
        require(add(era, wait) <= block.timestamp, "Vow/wait-not-finished");
        Sin = sub(Sin, sin[era]);
        sin[era] = 0;
    }

    // Debt settlement
    function heal(uint rad) external {
        require(rad <= vat.USB(address(this)), "Vow/insufficient-surplus");
        require(rad <= sub(sub(vat.sin(address(this)), Sin), Ash), "Vow/insufficient-debt");
        vat.heal(rad);
    }
    function kiss(uint rad) external {
        require(rad <= Ash, "Vow/not-enough-ash");
        require(rad <= vat.USB(address(this)), "Vow/insufficient-surplus");
        Ash = sub(Ash, rad);
        vat.heal(rad);
    }

    // Debt auction
    function flop() external returns (uint id) {
        require(sump <= sub(sub(vat.sin(address(this)), Sin), Ash), "Vow/insufficient-debt");
        require(vat.USB(address(this)) == 0, "Vow/surplus-not-zero");
        Ash = add(Ash, sump);
        id = flopper.kick(address(this), dump, sump);
    }
    // Surplus auction
    function flap() external returns (uint id) {
        require(vat.USB(address(this)) >= add(add(vat.sin(address(this)), bump), hump), "Vow/insufficient-surplus");
        require(sub(sub(vat.sin(address(this)), Sin), Ash) == 0, "Vow/debt-not-zero");
        id = flapper.kick(bump, 0);
    }

    function cage() external auth {
        require(live == 1, "Vow/not-live");
        live = 0;
        Sin = 0;
        Ash = 0;
        flapper.cage(vat.USB(address(flapper)));
        flopper.cage();
        vat.heal(min(vat.USB(address(this)), vat.sin(address(this))));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// end.sol -- global settlement engine


//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface VatLike {
    function dai(address) external view returns (uint256);
    function ilks(bytes32 ilk) external returns (
        uint256 Art,   // [wad]
        uint256 rate,  // [ray]
        uint256 spot,  // [ray]
        uint256 line,  // [rad]
        uint256 dust   // [rad]
    );
    function urns(bytes32 ilk, address urn) external returns (
        uint256 ink,   // [wad]
        uint256 art    // [wad]
    );
    function debt() external returns (uint256);
    function move(address src, address dst, uint256 rad) external;
    function hope(address) external;
    function flux(bytes32 ilk, address src, address dst, uint256 rad) external;
    function grab(bytes32 i, address u, address v, address w, int256 dink, int256 dart) external;
    function suck(address u, address v, uint256 rad) external;
    function cage() external;
}

interface CatLike {
    function ilks(bytes32) external returns (
        address flip,
        uint256 chop,  // [ray]
        uint256 lump   // [rad]
    );
    function cage() external;
}

interface DogLike {
    function ilks(bytes32) external returns (
        address clip,
        uint256 chop,
        uint256 hole,
        uint256 dirt
    );
    function cage() external;
}

interface PotLike {
    function cage() external;
}

interface VowLike {
    function cage() external;
}

interface FlipLike {
    function bids(uint256 id) external view returns (
        uint256 bid,   // [rad]
        uint256 lot,   // [wad]
        address guy,
        uint48  tic,   // [unix epoch time]
        uint48  end,   // [unix epoch time]
        address usr,
        address gal,
        uint256 tab    // [rad]
    );
    function yank(uint256 id) external;
}

interface ClipLike {
    function sales(uint256 id) external view returns (
        uint256 pos,
        uint256 tab,
        uint256 lot,
        address usr,
        uint96  tic,
        uint256 top
    );
    function yank(uint256 id) external;
}

interface PipLike {
    function read() external view returns (bytes32);
}

interface SpotLike {
    function par() external view returns (uint256);
    function ilks(bytes32) external view returns (
        PipLike pip,
        uint256 mat    // [ray]
    );
    function cage() external;
}

/*
    This is the `End` and it coordinates Global Settlement. This is an
    involved, stateful process that takes place over nine steps.

    First we freeze the system and lock the prices for each ilk.

    1. `cage()`:
        - freezes user entrypoints
        - cancels flop/flap auctions
        - starts cooldown period
        - stops pot drips

    2. `cage(ilk)`:
       - set the cage price for each `ilk`, reading off the price feed

    We must process some system state before it is possible to calculate
    the final dai / collateral price. In particular, we need to determine

      a. `gap`, the collateral shortfall per collateral type by
         considering under-collateralised CDPs.

      b. `debt`, the outstanding dai supply after including system
         surplus / deficit

    We determine (a) by processing all under-collateralised CDPs with
    `skim`:

    3. `skim(ilk, urn)`:
       - cancels CDP debt
       - any excess collateral remains
       - backing collateral taken

    We determine (b) by processing ongoing dai generating processes,
    i.e. auctions. We need to ensure that auctions will not generate any
    further dai income.

    In the two-way auction model (Flipper) this occurs when
    all auctions are in the reverse (`dent`) phase. There are two ways
    of ensuring this:

    4a. i) `wait`: set the cooldown period to be at least as long as the
           longest auction duration, which needs to be determined by the
           cage administrator.

           This takes a fairly predictable time to occur but with altered
           auction dynamics due to the now varying price of dai.

       ii) `skip`: cancel all ongoing auctions and seize the collateral.

           This allows for faster processing at the expense of more
           processing calls. This option allows dai holders to retrieve
           their collateral faster.

           `skip(ilk, id)`:
            - cancel individual flip auctions in the `tend` (forward) phase
            - retrieves collateral and debt (including penalty) to owner's CDP
            - returns dai to last bidder
            - `dent` (reverse) phase auctions can continue normally

    Option (i), `wait`, is sufficient (if all auctions were bidded at least
    once) for processing the system settlement but option (ii), `skip`,
    will speed it up. Both options are available in this implementation,
    with `skip` being enabled on a per-auction basis.

    In the case of the Dutch Auctions model (Clipper) they keep recovering
    debt during the whole lifetime and there isn't a max duration time
    guaranteed for the auction to end.
    So the way to ensure the protocol will not receive extra dai income is:

    4b. i) `snip`: cancel all ongoing auctions and seize the collateral.

           `snip(ilk, id)`:
            - cancel individual running clip auctions
            - retrieves remaining collateral and debt (including penalty)
              to owner's CDP

    When a CDP has been processed and has no debt remaining, the
    remaining collateral can be removed.

    5. `free(ilk)`:
        - remove collateral from the caller's CDP
        - owner can call as needed

    After the processing period has elapsed, we enable calculation of
    the final price for each collateral type.

    6. `thaw()`:
       - only callable after processing time period elapsed
       - assumption that all under-collateralised CDPs are processed
       - fixes the total outstanding supply of dai
       - may also require extra CDP processing to cover vow surplus

    7. `flow(ilk)`:
        - calculate the `fix`, the cash price for a given ilk
        - adjusts the `fix` in the case of deficit / surplus

    At this point we have computed the final price for each collateral
    type and dai holders can now turn their dai into collateral. Each
    unit dai can claim a fixed basket of collateral.

    Dai holders must first `pack` some dai into a `bag`. Once packed,
    dai cannot be unpacked and is not transferrable. More dai can be
    added to a bag later.

    8. `pack(wad)`:
        - put some dai into a bag in preparation for `cash`

    Finally, collateral can be obtained with `cash`. The bigger the bag,
    the more collateral can be released.

    9. `cash(ilk, wad)`:
        - exchange some dai from your bag for gems from a specific ilk
        - the number of gems is limited by how big your bag is
*/

contract End {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint256) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 1; emit Rely(usr); }
    function deny(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 0; emit Deny(usr); }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "End/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    VatLike  public vat;   // CDP Engine
    CatLike  public cat;
    DogLike  public dog;
    VowLike  public vow;   // Debt Engine
    PotLike  public pot;
    SpotLike public spot;

    uint256  public live;  // Active Flag
    uint256  public when;  // Time of cage                   [unix epoch time]
    uint256  public wait;  // Processing Cooldown Length             [seconds]
    uint256  public debt;  // Total outstanding dai following processing [rad]

    mapping (bytes32 => uint256) public tag;  // Cage price              [ray]
    mapping (bytes32 => uint256) public gap;  // Collateral shortfall    [wad]
    mapping (bytes32 => uint256) public Art;  // Total debt per ilk      [wad]
    mapping (bytes32 => uint256) public fix;  // Final cash price        [ray]

    mapping (address => uint256)                      public bag;  //    [wad]
    mapping (bytes32 => mapping (address => uint256)) public out;  //    [wad]

    // --- Events ---
    event Rely(address indexed usr);
    event Deny(address indexed usr);

    event File(bytes32 indexed what, uint256 data);
    event File(bytes32 indexed what, address data);

    event Cage();
    event Cage(bytes32 indexed ilk);
    event Snip(bytes32 indexed ilk, uint256 indexed id, address indexed usr, uint256 tab, uint256 lot, uint256 art);
    event Skip(bytes32 indexed ilk, uint256 indexed id, address indexed usr, uint256 tab, uint256 lot, uint256 art);
    event Skim(bytes32 indexed ilk, address indexed urn, uint256 wad, uint256 art);
    event Free(bytes32 indexed ilk, address indexed usr, uint256 ink);
    event Thaw();
    event Flow(bytes32 indexed ilk);
    event Pack(address indexed usr, uint256 wad);
    event Cash(bytes32 indexed ilk, address indexed usr, uint256 wad);

    // --- Init ---
    constructor() public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        live = 1;
        emit Rely(msg.sender);
    }

    // --- Math ---
    uint256 constant WAD = 10 ** 18;
    uint256 constant RAY = 10 ** 27;
    function add(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        z = x + y;
        require(z >= x);
    }
    function sub(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require((z = x - y) <= x);
    }
    function mul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x);
    }
    function min(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        return x <= y ? x : y;
    }
    function rmul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        z = mul(x, y) / RAY;
    }
    function wdiv(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        z = mul(x, WAD) / y;
    }

    // --- Administration ---
    function file(bytes32 what, address data) external auth {
        require(live == 1, "End/not-live");
        if (what == "vat")  vat = VatLike(data);
        else if (what == "cat")   cat = CatLike(data);
        else if (what == "dog")   dog = DogLike(data);
        else if (what == "vow")   vow = VowLike(data);
        else if (what == "pot")   pot = PotLike(data);
        else if (what == "spot") spot = SpotLike(data);
        else revert("End/file-unrecognized-param");
        emit File(what, data);
    }
    function file(bytes32 what, uint256 data) external auth {
        require(live == 1, "End/not-live");
        if (what == "wait") wait = data;
        else revert("End/file-unrecognized-param");
        emit File(what, data);
    }

    // --- Settlement ---
    function cage() external auth {
        require(live == 1, "End/not-live");
        live = 0;
        when = block.timestamp;
        vat.cage();
        cat.cage();
        dog.cage();
        vow.cage();
        spot.cage();
        pot.cage();
        emit Cage();
    }

    function cage(bytes32 ilk) external {
        require(live == 0, "End/still-live");
        require(tag[ilk] == 0, "End/tag-ilk-already-defined");
        (Art[ilk],,,,) = vat.ilks(ilk);
        (PipLike pip,) = spot.ilks(ilk);
        // par is a ray, pip returns a wad
        tag[ilk] = wdiv(spot.par(), uint256(pip.read()));
        emit Cage(ilk);
    }

    function snip(bytes32 ilk, uint256 id) external {
        require(tag[ilk] != 0, "End/tag-ilk-not-defined");

        (address _clip,,,) = dog.ilks(ilk);
        ClipLike clip = ClipLike(_clip);
        (, uint256 rate,,,) = vat.ilks(ilk);
        (, uint256 tab, uint256 lot, address usr,,) = clip.sales(id);

        vat.suck(address(vow), address(vow),  tab);
        clip.yank(id);

        uint256 art = tab / rate;
        Art[ilk] = add(Art[ilk], art);
        require(int256(lot) >= 0 && int256(art) >= 0, "End/overflow");
        vat.grab(ilk, usr, address(this), address(vow), int256(lot), int256(art));
        emit Snip(ilk, id, usr, tab, lot, art);
    }

    function skip(bytes32 ilk, uint256 id) external {
        require(tag[ilk] != 0, "End/tag-ilk-not-defined");

        (address _flip,,) = cat.ilks(ilk);
        FlipLike flip = FlipLike(_flip);
        (, uint256 rate,,,) = vat.ilks(ilk);
        (uint256 bid, uint256 lot,,,, address usr,, uint256 tab) = flip.bids(id);

        vat.suck(address(vow), address(vow),  tab);
        vat.suck(address(vow), address(this), bid);
        vat.hope(address(flip));
        flip.yank(id);

        uint256 art = tab / rate;
        Art[ilk] = add(Art[ilk], art);
        require(int256(lot) >= 0 && int256(art) >= 0, "End/overflow");
        vat.grab(ilk, usr, address(this), address(vow), int256(lot), int256(art));
        emit Skip(ilk, id, usr, tab, lot, art);
    }

    function skim(bytes32 ilk, address urn) external {
        require(tag[ilk] != 0, "End/tag-ilk-not-defined");
        (, uint256 rate,,,) = vat.ilks(ilk);
        (uint256 ink, uint256 art) = vat.urns(ilk, urn);

        uint256 owe = rmul(rmul(art, rate), tag[ilk]);
        uint256 wad = min(ink, owe);
        gap[ilk] = add(gap[ilk], sub(owe, wad));

        require(wad <= 2**255 && art <= 2**255, "End/overflow");
        vat.grab(ilk, urn, address(this), address(vow), -int256(wad), -int256(art));
        emit Skim(ilk, urn, wad, art);
    }

    function free(bytes32 ilk) external {
        require(live == 0, "End/still-live");
        (uint256 ink, uint256 art) = vat.urns(ilk, msg.sender);
        require(art == 0, "End/art-not-zero");
        require(ink <= 2**255, "End/overflow");
        vat.grab(ilk, msg.sender, msg.sender, address(vow), -int256(ink), 0);
        emit Free(ilk, msg.sender, ink);
    }

    function thaw() external {
        require(live == 0, "End/still-live");
        require(debt == 0, "End/debt-not-zero");
        require(vat.dai(address(vow)) == 0, "End/surplus-not-zero");
        require(block.timestamp >= add(when, wait), "End/wait-not-finished");
        debt = vat.debt();
        emit Thaw();
    }
    function flow(bytes32 ilk) external {
        require(debt != 0, "End/debt-zero");
        require(fix[ilk] == 0, "End/fix-ilk-already-defined");

        (, uint256 rate,,,) = vat.ilks(ilk);
        uint256 wad = rmul(rmul(Art[ilk], rate), tag[ilk]);
        fix[ilk] = mul(sub(wad, gap[ilk]), RAY) / (debt / RAY);
        emit Flow(ilk);
    }

    function pack(uint256 wad) external {
        require(debt != 0, "End/debt-zero");
        vat.move(msg.sender, address(vow), mul(wad, RAY));
        bag[msg.sender] = add(bag[msg.sender], wad);
        emit Pack(msg.sender, wad);
    }
    function cash(bytes32 ilk, uint256 wad) external {
        require(fix[ilk] != 0, "End/fix-ilk-not-defined");
        vat.flux(ilk, address(this), msg.sender, rmul(wad, fix[ilk]));
        out[ilk][msg.sender] = add(out[ilk][msg.sender], wad);
        require(out[ilk][msg.sender] <= bag[msg.sender], "End/insufficient-bag-balance");
        emit Cash(ilk, msg.sender, wad);
    }
}

// DsrManager.sol


// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface VatLike {
    function hope(address) external;
}

interface PotLike {
    function vat() external view returns (address);
    function chi() external view returns (uint256);
    function rho() external view returns (uint256);
    function drip() external returns (uint256);
    function join(uint256) external;
    function exit(uint256) external;
}

interface JoinLike {
    function USB() external view returns (address);
    function join(address, uint256) external;
    function exit(address, uint256) external;
}

interface GemLike {
    function transferFrom(address,address,uint256) external returns (bool);
    function approve(address,uint256) external returns (bool);
}

contract DsrManager {
    PotLike  public pot;
    GemLike  public USB;
    JoinLike public USBJoin;

    uint256 public supply;

    mapping (address => uint256) public pieOf;

    event Join(address indexed dst, uint256 wad);
    event Exit(address indexed dst, uint256 wad);

    uint256 constant RAY = 10 ** 27;
    function add(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x);
    }
    function sub(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require((z = x - y) <= x);
    }
    function mul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x);
    }
    function rmul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        // always rounds down
        z = mul(x, y) / RAY;
    }
    function rdiv(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        // always rounds down
        z = mul(x, RAY) / y;
    }
    function rdivup(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        // always rounds up
        z = add(mul(x, RAY), sub(y, 1)) / y;
    }

    constructor(address pot_, address USBJoin_) public {
        pot = PotLike(pot_);
        USBJoin = JoinLike(USBJoin_);
        USB = GemLike(USBJoin.USB());

        VatLike vat = VatLike(pot.vat());
        vat.hope(address(USBJoin));
        vat.hope(address(pot));
        USB.approve(address(USBJoin), type(uint256).max);
    }

    function USBBalance(address usr) external returns (uint256 wad) {
        uint256 chi = (block.timestamp > pot.rho()) ? pot.drip() : pot.chi();
        wad = rmul(chi, pieOf[usr]);
    }

    // wad is denominated in USB
    function join(address dst, uint256 wad) external {
        uint256 chi = (block.timestamp > pot.rho()) ? pot.drip() : pot.chi();
        uint256 pie = rdiv(wad, chi);
        pieOf[dst] = add(pieOf[dst], pie);
        supply = add(supply, pie);

        USB.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), wad);
        USBJoin.join(address(this), wad);
        pot.join(pie);
        emit Join(dst, wad);
    }

    // wad is denominated in USB
    function exit(address dst, uint256 wad) external {
        uint256 chi = (block.timestamp > pot.rho()) ? pot.drip() : pot.chi();
        uint256 pie = rdivup(wad, chi);

        require(pieOf[msg.sender] >= pie, "insufficient-balance");

        pieOf[msg.sender] = sub(pieOf[msg.sender], pie);
        supply = sub(supply, pie);

        pot.exit(pie);
        uint256 amt = rmul(chi, pie);
        USBJoin.exit(dst, amt);
        emit Exit(dst, amt);
    }

    function exitAll(address dst) external {
        uint256 chi = (block.timestamp > pot.rho()) ? pot.drip() : pot.chi();
        uint256 pie = pieOf[msg.sender];

        pieOf[msg.sender] = 0;
        supply = sub(supply, pie);

        pot.exit(pie);
        uint256 amt = rmul(chi, pie);
        USBJoin.exit(dst, amt);
        emit Exit(dst, amt);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// flip.sol -- Collateral auction

// Copyright (C) 2018 Rain <[email protected]>
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// FIXME: This contract was altered compared to the production version.
// It doesn't use LibNote anymore.
// New deployments of this contract will need to include custom events (TO DO).

interface VatLike {
    function move(address,address,uint256) external;
    function flux(bytes32,address,address,uint256) external;
}

interface CatLike {
    function claw(uint256) external;
}

/*
   This thing lets you flip some gems for a given amount of USB.
   Once the given amount of USB is raised, gems are forgone instead.

 - `lot` gems in return for bid
 - `tab` total USB wanted
 - `bid` USB paid
 - `gal` receives USB income
 - `usr` receives gem forgone
 - `ttl` single bid lifetime
 - `beg` minimum bid increase
 - `end` max auction duration
*/

contract Flipper {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint256) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 1; }
    function deny(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 0; }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "Flipper/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    struct Bid {
        uint256 bid;  // USB paid                 [rad]
        uint256 lot;  // gems in return for bid   [wad]
        address guy;  // high bidder
        uint48  tic;  // bid expiry time          [unix epoch time]
        uint48  end;  // auction expiry time      [unix epoch time]
        address usr;
        address gal;
        uint256 tab;  // total USB wanted         [rad]
    }

    mapping (uint256 => Bid) public bids;

    VatLike public   vat;            // CDP Engine
    bytes32 public   ilk;            // collateral type

    uint256 constant ONE = 1.00E18;
    uint256 public   beg = 1.05E18;  // 5% minimum bid increase
    uint48  public   ttl = 3 hours;  // 3 hours bid duration         [seconds]
    uint48  public   tau = 2 days;   // 2 days total auction length  [seconds]
    uint256 public kicks = 0;
    CatLike public   cat;            // cat liquidation module

    // --- Events ---
    event Kick(
      uint256 id,
      uint256 lot,
      uint256 bid,
      uint256 tab,
      address indexed usr,
      address indexed gal
    );

    // --- Init ---
    constructor(address vat_, address cat_, bytes32 ilk_) public {
        vat = VatLike(vat_);
        cat = CatLike(cat_);
        ilk = ilk_;
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
    }

    // --- Math ---
    function add(uint48 x, uint48 y) internal pure returns (uint48 z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x);
    }
    function mul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x);
    }

    // --- Admin ---
    function file(bytes32 what, uint256 data) external auth {
        if (what == "beg") beg = data;
        else if (what == "ttl") ttl = uint48(data);
        else if (what == "tau") tau = uint48(data);
        else revert("Flipper/file-unrecognized-param");
    }
    function file(bytes32 what, address data) external auth {
        if (what == "cat") cat = CatLike(data);
        else revert("Flipper/file-unrecognized-param");
    }

    // --- Auction ---
    function kick(address usr, address gal, uint256 tab, uint256 lot, uint256 bid)
        public auth returns (uint256 id)
    {
        require(kicks < type(uint256).max, "Flipper/overflow");
        id = ++kicks;

        bids[id].bid = bid;
        bids[id].lot = lot;
        bids[id].guy = msg.sender;  // configurable??
        bids[id].end = add(uint48(block.timestamp), tau);
        bids[id].usr = usr;
        bids[id].gal = gal;
        bids[id].tab = tab;

        vat.flux(ilk, msg.sender, address(this), lot);

        emit Kick(id, lot, bid, tab, usr, gal);
    }
    function tick(uint256 id) external {
        require(bids[id].end < block.timestamp, "Flipper/not-finished");
        require(bids[id].tic == 0, "Flipper/bid-already-placed");
        bids[id].end = add(uint48(block.timestamp), tau);
    }
    function tend(uint256 id, uint256 lot, uint256 bid) external {
        require(bids[id].guy != address(0), "Flipper/guy-not-set");
        require(bids[id].tic > block.timestamp || bids[id].tic == 0, "Flipper/already-finished-tic");
        require(bids[id].end > block.timestamp, "Flipper/already-finished-end");

        require(lot == bids[id].lot, "Flipper/lot-not-matching");
        require(bid <= bids[id].tab, "Flipper/higher-than-tab");
        require(bid >  bids[id].bid, "Flipper/bid-not-higher");
        require(mul(bid, ONE) >= mul(beg, bids[id].bid) || bid == bids[id].tab, "Flipper/insufficient-increase");

        if (msg.sender != bids[id].guy) {
            vat.move(msg.sender, bids[id].guy, bids[id].bid);
            bids[id].guy = msg.sender;
        }
        vat.move(msg.sender, bids[id].gal, bid - bids[id].bid);

        bids[id].bid = bid;
        bids[id].tic = add(uint48(block.timestamp), ttl);
    }
    function dent(uint256 id, uint256 lot, uint256 bid) external {
        require(bids[id].guy != address(0), "Flipper/guy-not-set");
        require(bids[id].tic > block.timestamp || bids[id].tic == 0, "Flipper/already-finished-tic");
        require(bids[id].end > block.timestamp, "Flipper/already-finished-end");

        require(bid == bids[id].bid, "Flipper/not-matching-bid");
        require(bid == bids[id].tab, "Flipper/tend-not-finished");
        require(lot < bids[id].lot, "Flipper/lot-not-lower");
        require(mul(beg, lot) <= mul(bids[id].lot, ONE), "Flipper/insufficient-decrease");

        if (msg.sender != bids[id].guy) {
            vat.move(msg.sender, bids[id].guy, bid);
            bids[id].guy = msg.sender;
        }
        vat.flux(ilk, address(this), bids[id].usr, bids[id].lot - lot);

        bids[id].lot = lot;
        bids[id].tic = add(uint48(block.timestamp), ttl);
    }
    function deal(uint256 id) external {
        require(bids[id].tic != 0 && (bids[id].tic < block.timestamp || bids[id].end < block.timestamp), "Flipper/not-finished");
        cat.claw(bids[id].tab);
        vat.flux(ilk, address(this), bids[id].guy, bids[id].lot);
        delete bids[id];
    }

    function yank(uint256 id) external auth {
        require(bids[id].guy != address(0), "Flipper/guy-not-set");
        require(bids[id].bid < bids[id].tab, "Flipper/already-dent-phase");
        cat.claw(bids[id].tab);
        vat.flux(ilk, address(this), msg.sender, bids[id].lot);
        vat.move(msg.sender, bids[id].guy, bids[id].bid);
        delete bids[id];
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// flap.sol -- Surplus auction

// Copyright (C) 2018 Rain <[email protected]>
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// FIXME: This contract was altered compared to the production version.
// It doesn't use LibNote anymore.
// New deployments of this contract will need to include custom events (TO DO).

interface VatLike {
    function move(address,address,uint) external;
}
interface GemLike {
    function move(address,address,uint) external;
    function burn(address,uint) external;
}

/*
   This thing lets you sell some USB in return for gems.

 - `lot` USB in return for bid
 - `bid` gems paid
 - `ttl` single bid lifetime
 - `beg` minimum bid increase
 - `end` max auction duration
*/

contract Flapper {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 1; }
    function deny(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 0; }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "Flapper/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    struct Bid {
        uint256 bid;  // gems paid               [wad]
        uint256 lot;  // USB in return for bid   [rad]
        address guy;  // high bidder
        uint48  tic;  // bid expiry time         [unix epoch time]
        uint48  end;  // auction expiry time     [unix epoch time]
    }

    mapping (uint => Bid) public bids;

    VatLike  public   vat;  // CDP Engine
    GemLike  public   gem;

    uint256  constant ONE = 1.00E18;
    uint256  public   beg = 1.05E18;  // 5% minimum bid increase
    uint48   public   ttl = 3 hours;  // 3 hours bid duration         [seconds]
    uint48   public   tau = 2 days;   // 2 days total auction length  [seconds]
    uint256  public kicks = 0;
    uint256  public live;  // Active Flag

    // --- Events ---
    event Kick(
      uint256 id,
      uint256 lot,
      uint256 bid
    );

    // --- Init ---
    constructor(address vat_, address gem_) public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        vat = VatLike(vat_);
        gem = GemLike(gem_);
        live = 1;
    }

    // --- Math ---
    function add(uint48 x, uint48 y) internal pure returns (uint48 z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x);
    }
    function mul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x);
    }

    // --- Admin ---
    function file(bytes32 what, uint data) external auth {
        if (what == "beg") beg = data;
        else if (what == "ttl") ttl = uint48(data);
        else if (what == "tau") tau = uint48(data);
        else revert("Flapper/file-unrecognized-param");
    }

    // --- Auction ---
    function kick(uint lot, uint bid) external auth returns (uint id) {
        require(live == 1, "Flapper/not-live");
        require(kicks < type(uint256).max, "Flapper/overflow");
        id = ++kicks;

        bids[id].bid = bid;
        bids[id].lot = lot;
        bids[id].guy = msg.sender;  // configurable??
        bids[id].end = add(uint48(block.timestamp), tau);

        vat.move(msg.sender, address(this), lot);

        emit Kick(id, lot, bid);
    }
    function tick(uint id) external {
        require(bids[id].end < block.timestamp, "Flapper/not-finished");
        require(bids[id].tic == 0, "Flapper/bid-already-placed");
        bids[id].end = add(uint48(block.timestamp), tau);
    }
    function tend(uint id, uint lot, uint bid) external {
        require(live == 1, "Flapper/not-live");
        require(bids[id].guy != address(0), "Flapper/guy-not-set");
        require(bids[id].tic > block.timestamp || bids[id].tic == 0, "Flapper/already-finished-tic");
        require(bids[id].end > block.timestamp, "Flapper/already-finished-end");

        require(lot == bids[id].lot, "Flapper/lot-not-matching");
        require(bid >  bids[id].bid, "Flapper/bid-not-higher");
        require(mul(bid, ONE) >= mul(beg, bids[id].bid), "Flapper/insufficient-increase");

        if (msg.sender != bids[id].guy) {
            gem.move(msg.sender, bids[id].guy, bids[id].bid);
            bids[id].guy = msg.sender;
        }
        gem.move(msg.sender, address(this), bid - bids[id].bid);

        bids[id].bid = bid;
        bids[id].tic = add(uint48(block.timestamp), ttl);
    }
    function deal(uint id) external {
        require(live == 1, "Flapper/not-live");
        require(bids[id].tic != 0 && (bids[id].tic < block.timestamp || bids[id].end < block.timestamp), "Flapper/not-finished");
        vat.move(address(this), bids[id].guy, bids[id].lot);
        gem.burn(address(this), bids[id].bid);
        delete bids[id];
    }

    function cage(uint rad) external auth {
       live = 0;
       vat.move(address(this), msg.sender, rad);
    }
    function yank(uint id) external {
        require(live == 0, "Flapper/still-live");
        require(bids[id].guy != address(0), "Flapper/guy-not-set");
        gem.move(address(this), bids[id].guy, bids[id].bid);
        delete bids[id];
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// spot.sol -- Spotter

// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// FIXME: This contract was altered compared to the production version.
// It doesn't use LibNote anymore.
// New deployments of this contract will need to include custom events (TO DO).

interface VatLike {
    function file(bytes32, bytes32, uint) external;
}

interface PipLike {
    function peek() external returns (bytes32, bool);
}

contract Spotter {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint) public wards;
    function rely(address guy) external auth { wards[guy] = 1;  }
    function deny(address guy) external auth { wards[guy] = 0; }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "Spotter/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    struct Ilk {
        PipLike pip;  // Price Feed
        uint256 mat;  // Liquidation ratio [ray]
    }

    mapping (bytes32 => Ilk) public ilks;

    VatLike public vat;  // CDP Engine
    uint256 public par;  // ref per USB [ray]

    uint256 public live;

    // --- Events ---
    event Poke(
      bytes32 ilk,
      bytes32 val,  // [wad]
      uint256 spot  // [ray]
    );

    // --- Init ---
    constructor(address vat_) public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        vat = VatLike(vat_);
        par = ONE;
        live = 1;
    }

    // --- Math ---
    uint constant ONE = 10 ** 27;

    function mul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x);
    }
    function rdiv(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        z = mul(x, ONE) / y;
    }

    // --- Administration ---
    function file(bytes32 ilk, bytes32 what, address pip_) external auth {
        require(live == 1, "Spotter/not-live");
        if (what == "pip") ilks[ilk].pip = PipLike(pip_);
        else revert("Spotter/file-unrecognized-param");
    }
    function file(bytes32 what, uint data) external auth {
        require(live == 1, "Spotter/not-live");
        if (what == "par") par = data;
        else revert("Spotter/file-unrecognized-param");
    }
    function file(bytes32 ilk, bytes32 what, uint data) external auth {
        require(live == 1, "Spotter/not-live");
        if (what == "mat") ilks[ilk].mat = data;
        else revert("Spotter/file-unrecognized-param");
    }

    // --- Update value ---
    function poke(bytes32 ilk) external {
        (bytes32 val, bool has) = ilks[ilk].pip.peek();
        uint256 spot = has ? rdiv(rdiv(mul(uint(val), 10 ** 9), par), ilks[ilk].mat) : 0;
        vat.file(ilk, "spot", spot);
        emit Poke(ilk, val, spot);
    }

    function cage() external auth {
        live = 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// jug.sol -- USB Lending Rate

// Copyright (C) 2018 Rain <[email protected]>
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// FIXME: This contract was altered compared to the production version.
// It doesn't use LibNote anymore.
// New deployments of this contract will need to include custom events (TO DO).

interface VatLike {
    function ilks(bytes32) external returns (
        uint256 Art,   // [wad]
        uint256 rate   // [ray]
    );
    function fold(bytes32,address,int) external;
}

contract Jug {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 1; }
    function deny(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 0; }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "Jug/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    struct Ilk {
        uint256 duty;  // Collateral-specific, per-second stability fee contribution [ray]
        uint256  rho;  // Time of last drip [unix epoch time]
    }

    mapping (bytes32 => Ilk) public ilks;
    VatLike                  public vat;   // CDP Engine
    address                  public vow;   // Debt Engine
    uint256                  public base;  // Global, per-second stability fee contribution [ray]

    // --- Init ---
    constructor(address vat_) public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        vat = VatLike(vat_);
    }

    // --- Math ---
    function rpow(uint x, uint n, uint b) internal pure returns (uint z) {
      assembly {
        switch x case 0 {switch n case 0 {z := b} default {z := 0}}
        default {
          switch mod(n, 2) case 0 { z := b } default { z := x }
          let half := div(b, 2)  // for rounding.
          for { n := div(n, 2) } n { n := div(n,2) } {
            let xx := mul(x, x)
            if iszero(eq(div(xx, x), x)) { revert(0,0) }
            let xxRound := add(xx, half)
            if lt(xxRound, xx) { revert(0,0) }
            x := div(xxRound, b)
            if mod(n,2) {
              let zx := mul(z, x)
              if and(iszero(iszero(x)), iszero(eq(div(zx, x), z))) { revert(0,0) }
              let zxRound := add(zx, half)
              if lt(zxRound, zx) { revert(0,0) }
              z := div(zxRound, b)
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    uint256 constant ONE = 10 ** 27;
    function add(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        z = x + y;
        require(z >= x);
    }
    function diff(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (int z) {
        z = int(x) - int(y);
        require(int(x) >= 0 && int(y) >= 0);
    }
    function rmul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        z = x * y;
        require(y == 0 || z / y == x);
        z = z / ONE;
    }

    // --- Administration ---
    function init(bytes32 ilk) external auth {
        Ilk storage i = ilks[ilk];
        require(i.duty == 0, "Jug/ilk-already-init");
        i.duty = ONE;
        i.rho  = block.timestamp;
    }
    function file(bytes32 ilk, bytes32 what, uint data) external auth {
        require(block.timestamp == ilks[ilk].rho, "Jug/rho-not-updated");
        if (what == "duty") ilks[ilk].duty = data;
        else revert("Jug/file-unrecognized-param");
    }
    function file(bytes32 what, uint data) external auth {
        if (what == "base") base = data;
        else revert("Jug/file-unrecognized-param");
    }
    function file(bytes32 what, address data) external auth {
        if (what == "vow") vow = data;
        else revert("Jug/file-unrecognized-param");
    }

    // --- Stability Fee Collection ---
    function drip(bytes32 ilk) external returns (uint rate) {
        require(block.timestamp >= ilks[ilk].rho, "Jug/invalid-now");
        (, uint prev) = vat.ilks(ilk);
        rate = rmul(rpow(add(base, ilks[ilk].duty), block.timestamp - ilks[ilk].rho, ONE), prev);
        vat.fold(ilk, vow, diff(rate, prev));
        ilks[ilk].rho = block.timestamp;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// vat.sol -- USB CDP database

// Copyright (C) 2018 Rain <[email protected]>
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// FIXME: This contract was altered compared to the production version.
// It doesn't use LibNote anymore.
// New deployments of this contract will need to include custom events (TO DO).

contract Vat {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth { require(live == 1, "Vat/not-live"); wards[usr] = 1; }
    function deny(address usr) external auth { require(live == 1, "Vat/not-live"); wards[usr] = 0; }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "Vat/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    mapping(address => mapping (address => uint)) public can;
    function hope(address usr) external { can[msg.sender][usr] = 1; }
    function nope(address usr) external { can[msg.sender][usr] = 0; }
    function wish(address bit, address usr) internal view returns (bool) {
        return either(bit == usr, can[bit][usr] == 1);
    }

    // --- Data ---
    struct Ilk {
        uint256 Art;   // Total Normalised Debt     [wad]
        uint256 rate;  // Accumulated Rates         [ray]
        uint256 spot;  // Price with Safety Margin  [ray]
        uint256 line;  // Debt Ceiling              [rad]
        uint256 dust;  // Urn Debt Floor            [rad]
    }
    struct Urn {
        uint256 ink;   // Locked Collateral  [wad]
        uint256 art;   // Normalised Debt    [wad]
    }

    mapping (bytes32 => Ilk)                       public ilks;
    mapping (bytes32 => mapping (address => Urn )) public urns;
    mapping (bytes32 => mapping (address => uint)) public gem;  // [wad]
    mapping (address => uint256)                   public USB;  // [rad]
    mapping (address => uint256)                   public sin;  // [rad]

    uint256 public debt;  // Total USB Issued    [rad]
    uint256 public vice;  // Total Unbacked USB  [rad]
    uint256 public Line;  // Total Debt Ceiling  [rad]
    uint256 public live;  // Active Flag

    // --- Init ---
    constructor() public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        live = 1;
    }

    // --- Math ---
    function add(uint x, int y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        z = x + uint(y);
        require(y >= 0 || z <= x);
        require(y <= 0 || z >= x);
    }
    function sub(uint x, int y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        z = x - uint(y);
        require(y <= 0 || z <= x);
        require(y >= 0 || z >= x);
    }
    function mul(uint x, int y) internal pure returns (int z) {
        z = int(x) * y;
        require(int(x) >= 0);
        require(y == 0 || z / y == int(x));
    }
    function add(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x);
    }
    function sub(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require((z = x - y) <= x);
    }
    function mul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x);
    }

    // --- Administration ---
    function init(bytes32 ilk) external auth {
        require(ilks[ilk].rate == 0, "Vat/ilk-already-init");
        ilks[ilk].rate = 10 ** 27;
    }
    function file(bytes32 what, uint data) external auth {
        require(live == 1, "Vat/not-live");
        if (what == "Line") Line = data;
        else revert("Vat/file-unrecognized-param");
    }
    function file(bytes32 ilk, bytes32 what, uint data) external auth {
        require(live == 1, "Vat/not-live");
        if (what == "spot") ilks[ilk].spot = data;
        else if (what == "line") ilks[ilk].line = data;
        else if (what == "dust") ilks[ilk].dust = data;
        else revert("Vat/file-unrecognized-param");
    }
    function cage() external auth {
        live = 0;
    }

    // --- Fungibility ---
    function slip(bytes32 ilk, address usr, int256 wad) external auth {
        gem[ilk][usr] = add(gem[ilk][usr], wad);
    }
    function flux(bytes32 ilk, address src, address dst, uint256 wad) external {
        require(wish(src, msg.sender), "Vat/not-allowed");
        gem[ilk][src] = sub(gem[ilk][src], wad);
        gem[ilk][dst] = add(gem[ilk][dst], wad);
    }
    function move(address src, address dst, uint256 rad) external {
        require(wish(src, msg.sender), "Vat/not-allowed");
        USB[src] = sub(USB[src], rad);
        USB[dst] = add(USB[dst], rad);
    }

    function either(bool x, bool y) internal pure returns (bool z) {
        assembly{ z := or(x, y)}
    }
    function both(bool x, bool y) internal pure returns (bool z) {
        assembly{ z := and(x, y)}
    }

    // --- CDP Manipulation ---
    function frob(bytes32 i, address u, address v, address w, int dink, int dart) external {
        // system is live
        require(live == 1, "Vat/not-live");

        Urn memory urn = urns[i][u];
        Ilk memory ilk = ilks[i];
        // ilk has been initialised
        require(ilk.rate != 0, "Vat/ilk-not-init");

        urn.ink = add(urn.ink, dink);
        urn.art = add(urn.art, dart);
        ilk.Art = add(ilk.Art, dart);

        int dtab = mul(ilk.rate, dart);
        uint tab = mul(ilk.rate, urn.art);
        debt     = add(debt, dtab);

        // either debt has decreased, or debt ceilings are not exceeded
        require(either(dart <= 0, both(mul(ilk.Art, ilk.rate) <= ilk.line, debt <= Line)), "Vat/ceiling-exceeded");
        // urn is either less risky than before, or it is safe
        require(either(both(dart <= 0, dink >= 0), tab <= mul(urn.ink, ilk.spot)), "Vat/not-safe");

        // urn is either more safe, or the owner consents
        require(either(both(dart <= 0, dink >= 0), wish(u, msg.sender)), "Vat/not-allowed-u");
        // collateral src consents
        require(either(dink <= 0, wish(v, msg.sender)), "Vat/not-allowed-v");
        // debt dst consents
        require(either(dart >= 0, wish(w, msg.sender)), "Vat/not-allowed-w");

        // urn has no debt, or a non-dusty amount
        require(either(urn.art == 0, tab >= ilk.dust), "Vat/dust");

        gem[i][v] = sub(gem[i][v], dink);
        USB[w]    = add(USB[w],    dtab);

        urns[i][u] = urn;
        ilks[i]    = ilk;
    }
    // --- CDP Fungibility ---
    function fork(bytes32 ilk, address src, address dst, int dink, int dart) external {
        Urn storage u = urns[ilk][src];
        Urn storage v = urns[ilk][dst];
        Ilk storage i = ilks[ilk];

        u.ink = sub(u.ink, dink);
        u.art = sub(u.art, dart);
        v.ink = add(v.ink, dink);
        v.art = add(v.art, dart);

        uint utab = mul(u.art, i.rate);
        uint vtab = mul(v.art, i.rate);

        // both sides consent
        require(both(wish(src, msg.sender), wish(dst, msg.sender)), "Vat/not-allowed");

        // both sides safe
        require(utab <= mul(u.ink, i.spot), "Vat/not-safe-src");
        require(vtab <= mul(v.ink, i.spot), "Vat/not-safe-dst");

        // both sides non-dusty
        require(either(utab >= i.dust, u.art == 0), "Vat/dust-src");
        require(either(vtab >= i.dust, v.art == 0), "Vat/dust-dst");
    }
    // --- CDP Confiscation ---
    function grab(bytes32 i, address u, address v, address w, int dink, int dart) external auth {
        Urn storage urn = urns[i][u];
        Ilk storage ilk = ilks[i];

        urn.ink = add(urn.ink, dink);
        urn.art = add(urn.art, dart);
        ilk.Art = add(ilk.Art, dart);

        int dtab = mul(ilk.rate, dart);

        gem[i][v] = sub(gem[i][v], dink);
        sin[w]    = sub(sin[w],    dtab);
        vice      = sub(vice,      dtab);
    }

    // --- Settlement ---
    function heal(uint rad) external {
        address u = msg.sender;
        sin[u] = sub(sin[u], rad);
        USB[u] = sub(USB[u], rad);
        vice   = sub(vice,   rad);
        debt   = sub(debt,   rad);
    }
    function suck(address u, address v, uint rad) external auth {
        sin[u] = add(sin[u], rad);
        USB[v] = add(USB[v], rad);
        vice   = add(vice,   rad);
        debt   = add(debt,   rad);
    }

    // --- Rates ---
    function fold(bytes32 i, address u, int rate) external auth {
        require(live == 1, "Vat/not-live");
        Ilk storage ilk = ilks[i];
        ilk.rate = add(ilk.rate, rate);
        int rad  = mul(ilk.Art, rate);
        USB[u]   = add(USB[u], rad);
        debt     = add(debt,   rad);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

// Copyright (C) 2017, 2018, 2019 dbrock, rain, mrchico

// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// FIXME: This contract was altered compared to the production version.
// It doesn't use LibNote anymore.
// New deployments of this contract will need to include custom events (TO DO).

contract USB {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint) public wards;
    function rely(address guy) external auth { wards[guy] = 1; }
    function deny(address guy) external auth { wards[guy] = 0; }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "USB/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- ERC20 Data ---
    string  public constant name     = "USB Stablecoin";
    string  public constant symbol   = "USB";
    string  public constant version  = "1";
    uint8   public constant decimals = 18;
    uint256 public totalSupply;

    mapping (address => uint)                      public balanceOf;
    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint)) public allowance;
    mapping (address => uint)                      public nonces;

    event Approval(address indexed src, address indexed guy, uint wad);
    event Transfer(address indexed src, address indexed dst, uint wad);

    // --- Math ---
    function add(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x);
    }
    function sub(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require((z = x - y) <= x);
    }

    // --- EIP712 niceties ---
    bytes32 public DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
    // bytes32 public constant PERMIT_TYPEHASH = keccak256("Permit(address holder,address spender,uint256 nonce,uint256 expiry,bool allowed)");
    bytes32 public constant PERMIT_TYPEHASH = 0xea2aa0a1be11a07ed86d755c93467f4f82362b452371d1ba94d1715123511acb;

    constructor(uint256 chainId_) public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = keccak256(abi.encode(
            keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"),
            keccak256(bytes(name)),
            keccak256(bytes(version)),
            chainId_,
            address(this)
        ));
    }

    // --- Token ---
    function transfer(address dst, uint wad) external returns (bool) {
        return transferFrom(msg.sender, dst, wad);
    }
    function transferFrom(address src, address dst, uint wad)
        public returns (bool)
    {
        require(balanceOf[src] >= wad, "USB/insufficient-balance");
        if (src != msg.sender && allowance[src][msg.sender] != type(uint256).max) {
            require(allowance[src][msg.sender] >= wad, "USB/insufficient-allowance");
            allowance[src][msg.sender] = sub(allowance[src][msg.sender], wad);
        }
        balanceOf[src] = sub(balanceOf[src], wad);
        balanceOf[dst] = add(balanceOf[dst], wad);
        emit Transfer(src, dst, wad);
        return true;
    }
    function mint(address usr, uint wad) external auth {
        balanceOf[usr] = add(balanceOf[usr], wad);
        totalSupply    = add(totalSupply, wad);
        emit Transfer(address(0), usr, wad);
    }
    function burn(address usr, uint wad) external {
        require(balanceOf[usr] >= wad, "USB/insufficient-balance");
        if (usr != msg.sender && allowance[usr][msg.sender] != type(uint256).max) {
            require(allowance[usr][msg.sender] >= wad, "USB/insufficient-allowance");
            allowance[usr][msg.sender] = sub(allowance[usr][msg.sender], wad);
        }
        balanceOf[usr] = sub(balanceOf[usr], wad);
        totalSupply    = sub(totalSupply, wad);
        emit Transfer(usr, address(0), wad);
    }
    function approve(address usr, uint wad) external returns (bool) {
        allowance[msg.sender][usr] = wad;
        emit Approval(msg.sender, usr, wad);
        return true;
    }

    // --- Alias ---
    function push(address usr, uint wad) external {
        transferFrom(msg.sender, usr, wad);
    }
    function pull(address usr, uint wad) external {
        transferFrom(usr, msg.sender, wad);
    }
    function move(address src, address dst, uint wad) external {
        transferFrom(src, dst, wad);
    }

    // --- Approve by signature ---
    function permit(address holder, address spender, uint256 nonce, uint256 expiry,
                    bool allowed, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external
    {
        bytes32 digest =
            keccak256(abi.encodePacked(
                "\x19\x01",
                DOMAIN_SEPARATOR,
                keccak256(abi.encode(PERMIT_TYPEHASH,
                                     holder,
                                     spender,
                                     nonce,
                                     expiry,
                                     allowed))
        ));

        require(holder != address(0), "USB/invalid-address-0");
        require(holder == ecrecover(digest, v, r, s), "USB/invalid-permit");
        require(expiry == 0 || block.timestamp <= expiry, "USB/permit-expired");
        require(nonce == nonces[holder]++, "USB/invalid-nonce");
        uint wad = allowed ? type(uint256).max : 0;
        allowance[holder][spender] = wad;
        emit Approval(holder, spender, wad);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// DssProxyActions.sol

// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity >=0.5.12;

interface GemLike {
    function approve(address, uint) external;
    function transfer(address, uint) external;
    function transferFrom(address, address, uint) external;
    function deposit() external payable;
    function withdraw(uint) external;
}

interface ManagerLike {
    function cdpCan(address, uint, address) external view returns (uint);
    function ilks(uint) external view returns (bytes32);
    function owns(uint) external view returns (address);
    function urns(uint) external view returns (address);
    function vat() external view returns (address);
    function open(bytes32, address) external returns (uint);
    function give(uint, address) external;
    function cdpAllow(uint, address, uint) external;
    function urnAllow(address, uint) external;
    function frob(uint, int, int) external;
    function flux(uint, address, uint) external;
    function move(uint, address, uint) external;
    function exit(address, uint, address, uint) external;
    function quit(uint, address) external;
    function enter(address, uint) external;
    function shift(uint, uint) external;
}

interface VatLike {
    function can(address, address) external view returns (uint);
    function ilks(bytes32) external view returns (uint, uint, uint, uint, uint);
    function USB(address) external view returns (uint);
    function urns(bytes32, address) external view returns (uint, uint);
    function frob(bytes32, address, address, address, int, int) external;
    function hope(address) external;
    function move(address, address, uint) external;
}

interface GemJoinLike {
    function dec() external returns (uint);
    function gem() external returns (GemLike);
    function join(address, uint) external payable;
    function exit(address, uint) external;
}

interface GNTJoinLike {
    function bags(address) external view returns (address);
    function make(address) external returns (address);
}

interface USBJoinLike {
    function vat() external returns (VatLike);
    function USB() external returns (GemLike);
    function join(address, uint) external payable;
    function exit(address, uint) external;
}

interface HopeLike {
    function hope(address) external;
    function nope(address) external;
}

interface EndLike {
    function fix(bytes32) external view returns (uint);
    function cash(bytes32, uint) external;
    function free(bytes32) external;
    function pack(uint) external;
    function skim(bytes32, address) external;
}

interface JugLike {
    function drip(bytes32) external returns (uint);
}

interface PotLike {
    function pie(address) external view returns (uint);
    function drip() external returns (uint);
    function join(uint) external;
    function exit(uint) external;
}

interface ProxyRegistryLike {
    function proxies(address) external view returns (address);
    function build(address) external returns (address);
}

interface ProxyLike {
    function owner() external view returns (address);
}

// !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
// WARNING: These functions meant to be used as a a library for a DSProxy. Some are unsafe if you call them directly.
// !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

contract Common {
    uint256 constant RAY = 10 ** 27;

    // Internal functions

    function mul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x, "mul-overflow");
    }

    // Public functions

    function USBJoin_join(address apt, address urn, uint wad) public {
        // Gets USB from the user's wallet
        USBJoinLike(apt).USB().transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), wad);
        // Approves adapter to take the USB amount
        USBJoinLike(apt).USB().approve(apt, wad);
        // Joins USB into the vat
        USBJoinLike(apt).join(urn, wad);
    }
}

contract DssProxyActions is Common {
    // Internal functions

    function sub(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require((z = x - y) <= x, "sub-overflow");
    }

    function toInt(uint x) internal pure returns (int y) {
        y = int(x);
        require(y >= 0, "int-overflow");
    }

    function toRad(uint wad) internal pure returns (uint rad) {
        rad = mul(wad, 10 ** 27);
    }

    function convertTo18(address gemJoin, uint256 amt) internal returns (uint256 wad) {
        // For those collaterals that have less than 18 decimals precision we need to do the conversion before passing to frob function
        // Adapters will automatically handle the difference of precision
        wad = mul(
            amt,
            10 ** (18 - GemJoinLike(gemJoin).dec())
        );
    }

    function _getDrawDart(
        address vat,
        address jug,
        address urn,
        bytes32 ilk,
        uint wad
    ) internal returns (int dart) {
        // Updates stability fee rate
        uint rate = JugLike(jug).drip(ilk);

        // Gets USB balance of the urn in the vat
        uint USB = VatLike(vat).USB(urn);

        // If there was already enough USB in the vat balance, just exits it without adding more debt
        if (USB < mul(wad, RAY)) {
            // Calculates the needed dart so together with the existing USB in the vat is enough to exit wad amount of USB tokens
            dart = toInt(sub(mul(wad, RAY), USB) / rate);
            // This is neeeded due lack of precision. It might need to sum an extra dart wei (for the given USB wad amount)
            dart = mul(uint(dart), rate) < mul(wad, RAY) ? dart + 1 : dart;
        }
    }

    function _getWipeDart(
        address vat,
        uint USB,
        address urn,
        bytes32 ilk
    ) internal view returns (int dart) {
        // Gets actual rate from the vat
        (, uint rate,,,) = VatLike(vat).ilks(ilk);
        // Gets actual art value of the urn
        (, uint art) = VatLike(vat).urns(ilk, urn);

        // Uses the whole USB balance in the vat to reduce the debt
        dart = toInt(USB / rate);
        // Checks the calculated dart is not higher than urn.art (total debt), otherwise uses its value
        dart = uint(dart) <= art ? - dart : - toInt(art);
    }

    function _getWipeAllWad(
        address vat,
        address usr,
        address urn,
        bytes32 ilk
    ) internal view returns (uint wad) {
        // Gets actual rate from the vat
        (, uint rate,,,) = VatLike(vat).ilks(ilk);
        // Gets actual art value of the urn
        (, uint art) = VatLike(vat).urns(ilk, urn);
        // Gets actual USB amount in the urn
        uint USB = VatLike(vat).USB(usr);

        uint rad = sub(mul(art, rate), USB);
        wad = rad / RAY;

        // If the rad precision has some dust, it will need to request for 1 extra wad wei
        wad = mul(wad, RAY) < rad ? wad + 1 : wad;
    }

    // Public functions

    function transfer(address gem, address dst, uint amt) public {
        GemLike(gem).transfer(dst, amt);
    }

    function ethJoin_join(address apt, address urn) public payable {
        // Wraps ETH in WETH
        GemJoinLike(apt).gem().deposit{value:(msg.value)}();
        // Approves adapter to take the WETH amount
        GemJoinLike(apt).gem().approve(address(apt), msg.value);
        // Joins WETH collateral into the vat
        GemJoinLike(apt).join(urn, msg.value);
    }

    function gemJoin_join(address apt, address urn, uint amt, bool transferFrom) public {
        // Only executes for tokens that have approval/transferFrom implementation
        if (transferFrom) {
            // Gets token from the user's wallet
            GemJoinLike(apt).gem().transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amt);
            // Approves adapter to take the token amount
            GemJoinLike(apt).gem().approve(apt, amt);
        }
        // Joins token collateral into the vat
        GemJoinLike(apt).join(urn, amt);
    }

    function hope(
        address obj,
        address usr
    ) public {
        HopeLike(obj).hope(usr);
    }

    function nope(
        address obj,
        address usr
    ) public {
        HopeLike(obj).nope(usr);
    }

    function open(
        address manager,
        bytes32 ilk,
        address usr
    ) public returns (uint cdp) {
        cdp = ManagerLike(manager).open(ilk, usr);
    }

    function give(
        address manager,
        uint cdp,
        address usr
    ) public {
        ManagerLike(manager).give(cdp, usr);
    }

    function giveToProxy(
        address proxyRegistry,
        address manager,
        uint cdp,
        address dst
    ) public {
        // Gets actual proxy address
        address proxy = ProxyRegistryLike(proxyRegistry).proxies(dst);
        // Checks if the proxy address already existed and dst address is still the owner
        if (proxy == address(0) || ProxyLike(proxy).owner() != dst) {
            uint csize;
            assembly {
                csize := extcodesize(dst)
            }
            // We want to avoid creating a proxy for a contract address that might not be able to handle proxies, then losing the CDP
            require(csize == 0, "Dst-is-a-contract");
            // Creates the proxy for the dst address
            proxy = ProxyRegistryLike(proxyRegistry).build(dst);
        }
        // Transfers CDP to the dst proxy
        give(manager, cdp, proxy);
    }

    function cdpAllow(
        address manager,
        uint cdp,
        address usr,
        uint ok
    ) public {
        ManagerLike(manager).cdpAllow(cdp, usr, ok);
    }

    function urnAllow(
        address manager,
        address usr,
        uint ok
    ) public {
        ManagerLike(manager).urnAllow(usr, ok);
    }

    function flux(
        address manager,
        uint cdp,
        address dst,
        uint wad
    ) public {
        ManagerLike(manager).flux(cdp, dst, wad);
    }

    function move(
        address manager,
        uint cdp,
        address dst,
        uint rad
    ) public {
        ManagerLike(manager).move(cdp, dst, rad);
    }

    function frob(
        address manager,
        uint cdp,
        int dink,
        int dart
    ) public {
        ManagerLike(manager).frob(cdp, dink, dart);
    }

    function quit(
        address manager,
        uint cdp,
        address dst
    ) public {
        ManagerLike(manager).quit(cdp, dst);
    }

    function enter(
        address manager,
        address src,
        uint cdp
    ) public {
        ManagerLike(manager).enter(src, cdp);
    }

    function shift(
        address manager,
        uint cdpSrc,
        uint cdpOrg
    ) public {
        ManagerLike(manager).shift(cdpSrc, cdpOrg);
    }

    function makeGemBag(
        address gemJoin
    ) public returns (address bag) {
        bag = GNTJoinLike(gemJoin).make(address(this));
    }

    function lockETH(
        address manager,
        address ethJoin,
        uint cdp
    ) public payable {
        // Receives ETH amount, converts it to WETH and joins it into the vat
        ethJoin_join(ethJoin, address(this));
        // Locks WETH amount into the CDP
        VatLike(ManagerLike(manager).vat()).frob(
            ManagerLike(manager).ilks(cdp),
            ManagerLike(manager).urns(cdp),
            address(this),
            address(this),
            toInt(msg.value),
            0
        );
    }

    function safeLockETH(
        address manager,
        address ethJoin,
        uint cdp,
        address owner
    ) public payable {
        require(ManagerLike(manager).owns(cdp) == owner, "owner-missmatch");
        lockETH(manager, ethJoin, cdp);
    }

    function lockGem(
        address manager,
        address gemJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint amt,
        bool transferFrom
    ) public {
        // Takes token amount from user's wallet and joins into the vat
        gemJoin_join(gemJoin, address(this), amt, transferFrom);
        // Locks token amount into the CDP
        VatLike(ManagerLike(manager).vat()).frob(
            ManagerLike(manager).ilks(cdp),
            ManagerLike(manager).urns(cdp),
            address(this),
            address(this),
            toInt(convertTo18(gemJoin, amt)),
            0
        );
    }

    function safeLockGem(
        address manager,
        address gemJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint amt,
        bool transferFrom,
        address owner
    ) public {
        require(ManagerLike(manager).owns(cdp) == owner, "owner-missmatch");
        lockGem(manager, gemJoin, cdp, amt, transferFrom);
    }

    function freeETH(
        address manager,
        address ethJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint wad
    ) public {
        // Unlocks WETH amount from the CDP
        frob(manager, cdp, -toInt(wad), 0);
        // Moves the amount from the CDP urn to proxy's address
        flux(manager, cdp, address(this), wad);
        // Exits WETH amount to proxy address as a token
        GemJoinLike(ethJoin).exit(address(this), wad);
        // Converts WETH to ETH
        GemJoinLike(ethJoin).gem().withdraw(wad);
        // Sends ETH back to the user's wallet
        payable(msg.sender).transfer(wad);
    }

    function freeGem(
        address manager,
        address gemJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint amt
    ) public {
        uint wad = convertTo18(gemJoin, amt);
        // Unlocks token amount from the CDP
        frob(manager, cdp, -toInt(wad), 0);
        // Moves the amount from the CDP urn to proxy's address
        flux(manager, cdp, address(this), wad);
        // Exits token amount to the user's wallet as a token
        GemJoinLike(gemJoin).exit(msg.sender, amt);
    }

    function exitETH(
        address manager,
        address ethJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint wad
    ) public {
        // Moves the amount from the CDP urn to proxy's address
        flux(manager, cdp, address(this), wad);

        // Exits WETH amount to proxy address as a token
        GemJoinLike(ethJoin).exit(address(this), wad);
        // Converts WETH to ETH
        GemJoinLike(ethJoin).gem().withdraw(wad);
        // Sends ETH back to the user's wallet
        payable(msg.sender).transfer(wad);
    }

    function exitGem(
        address manager,
        address gemJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint amt
    ) public {
        // Moves the amount from the CDP urn to proxy's address
        flux(manager, cdp, address(this), convertTo18(gemJoin, amt));

        // Exits token amount to the user's wallet as a token
        GemJoinLike(gemJoin).exit(msg.sender, amt);
    }

    function draw(
        address manager,
        address jug,
        address USBJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint wad
    ) public {
        address urn = ManagerLike(manager).urns(cdp);
        address vat = ManagerLike(manager).vat();
        bytes32 ilk = ManagerLike(manager).ilks(cdp);
        // Generates debt in the CDP
        frob(manager, cdp, 0, _getDrawDart(vat, jug, urn, ilk, wad));
        // Moves the USB amount (balance in the vat in rad) to proxy's address
        move(manager, cdp, address(this), toRad(wad));
        // Allows adapter to access to proxy's USB balance in the vat
        if (VatLike(vat).can(address(this), address(USBJoin)) == 0) {
            VatLike(vat).hope(USBJoin);
        }
        // Exits USB to the user's wallet as a token
        USBJoinLike(USBJoin).exit(msg.sender, wad);
    }

    function wipe(
        address manager,
        address USBJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint wad
    ) public {
        address vat = ManagerLike(manager).vat();
        address urn = ManagerLike(manager).urns(cdp);
        bytes32 ilk = ManagerLike(manager).ilks(cdp);

        address own = ManagerLike(manager).owns(cdp);
        if (own == address(this) || ManagerLike(manager).cdpCan(own, cdp, address(this)) == 1) {
            // Joins USB amount into the vat
            USBJoin_join(USBJoin, urn, wad);
            // Paybacks debt to the CDP
            frob(manager, cdp, 0, _getWipeDart(vat, VatLike(vat).USB(urn), urn, ilk));
        } else {
             // Joins USB amount into the vat
            USBJoin_join(USBJoin, address(this), wad);
            // Paybacks debt to the CDP
            VatLike(vat).frob(
                ilk,
                urn,
                address(this),
                address(this),
                0,
                _getWipeDart(vat, wad * RAY, urn, ilk)
            );
        }
    }

    function safeWipe(
        address manager,
        address USBJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint wad,
        address owner
    ) public {
        require(ManagerLike(manager).owns(cdp) == owner, "owner-missmatch");
        wipe(manager, USBJoin, cdp, wad);
    }

    function wipeAll(
        address manager,
        address USBJoin,
        uint cdp
    ) public {
        address vat = ManagerLike(manager).vat();
        address urn = ManagerLike(manager).urns(cdp);
        bytes32 ilk = ManagerLike(manager).ilks(cdp);
        (, uint art) = VatLike(vat).urns(ilk, urn);

        address own = ManagerLike(manager).owns(cdp);
        if (own == address(this) || ManagerLike(manager).cdpCan(own, cdp, address(this)) == 1) {
            // Joins USB amount into the vat
            USBJoin_join(USBJoin, urn, _getWipeAllWad(vat, urn, urn, ilk));
            // Paybacks debt to the CDP
            frob(manager, cdp, 0, -int(art));
        } else {
            // Joins USB amount into the vat
            USBJoin_join(USBJoin, address(this), _getWipeAllWad(vat, address(this), urn, ilk));
            // Paybacks debt to the CDP
            VatLike(vat).frob(
                ilk,
                urn,
                address(this),
                address(this),
                0,
                -int(art)
            );
        }
    }

    function safeWipeAll(
        address manager,
        address USBJoin,
        uint cdp,
        address owner
    ) public {
        require(ManagerLike(manager).owns(cdp) == owner, "owner-missmatch");
        wipeAll(manager, USBJoin, cdp);
    }

    function lockETHAndDraw(
        address manager,
        address jug,
        address ethJoin,
        address USBJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint wadD
    ) public payable {
        address urn = ManagerLike(manager).urns(cdp);
        address vat = ManagerLike(manager).vat();
        bytes32 ilk = ManagerLike(manager).ilks(cdp);
        // Receives ETH amount, converts it to WETH and joins it into the vat
        ethJoin_join(ethJoin, urn);
        // Locks WETH amount into the CDP and generates debt
        frob(manager, cdp, toInt(msg.value), _getDrawDart(vat, jug, urn, ilk, wadD));
        // Moves the USB amount (balance in the vat in rad) to proxy's address
        move(manager, cdp, address(this), toRad(wadD));
        // Allows adapter to access to proxy's USB balance in the vat
        if (VatLike(vat).can(address(this), address(USBJoin)) == 0) {
            VatLike(vat).hope(USBJoin);
        }
        // Exits USB to the user's wallet as a token
        USBJoinLike(USBJoin).exit(msg.sender, wadD);
    }

    function openLockETHAndDraw(
        address manager,
        address jug,
        address ethJoin,
        address USBJoin,
        bytes32 ilk,
        uint wadD
    ) public payable returns (uint cdp) {
        cdp = open(manager, ilk, address(this));
        lockETHAndDraw(manager, jug, ethJoin, USBJoin, cdp, wadD);
    }

    function lockGemAndDraw(
        address manager,
        address jug,
        address gemJoin,
        address USBJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint amtC,
        uint wadD,
        bool transferFrom
    ) public {
        address urn = ManagerLike(manager).urns(cdp);
        address vat = ManagerLike(manager).vat();
        bytes32 ilk = ManagerLike(manager).ilks(cdp);
        // Takes token amount from user's wallet and joins into the vat
        gemJoin_join(gemJoin, urn, amtC, transferFrom);
        // Locks token amount into the CDP and generates debt
        frob(manager, cdp, toInt(convertTo18(gemJoin, amtC)), _getDrawDart(vat, jug, urn, ilk, wadD));
        // Moves the USB amount (balance in the vat in rad) to proxy's address
        move(manager, cdp, address(this), toRad(wadD));
        // Allows adapter to access to proxy's USB balance in the vat
        if (VatLike(vat).can(address(this), address(USBJoin)) == 0) {
            VatLike(vat).hope(USBJoin);
        }
        // Exits USB to the user's wallet as a token
        USBJoinLike(USBJoin).exit(msg.sender, wadD);
    }

    function openLockGemAndDraw(
        address manager,
        address jug,
        address gemJoin,
        address USBJoin,
        bytes32 ilk,
        uint amtC,
        uint wadD,
        bool transferFrom
    ) public returns (uint cdp) {
        cdp = open(manager, ilk, address(this));
        lockGemAndDraw(manager, jug, gemJoin, USBJoin, cdp, amtC, wadD, transferFrom);
    }

    function openLockGNTAndDraw(
        address manager,
        address jug,
        address gntJoin,
        address USBJoin,
        bytes32 ilk,
        uint amtC,
        uint wadD
    ) public returns (address bag, uint cdp) {
        // Creates bag (if doesn't exist) to hold GNT
        bag = GNTJoinLike(gntJoin).bags(address(this));
        if (bag == address(0)) {
            bag = makeGemBag(gntJoin);
        }
        // Transfer funds to the funds which previously were sent to the proxy
        GemLike(GemJoinLike(gntJoin).gem()).transfer(bag, amtC);
        cdp = openLockGemAndDraw(manager, jug, gntJoin, USBJoin, ilk, amtC, wadD, false);
    }

    function wipeAndFreeETH(
        address manager,
        address ethJoin,
        address USBJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint wadC,
        uint wadD
    ) public {
        address urn = ManagerLike(manager).urns(cdp);
        // Joins USB amount into the vat
        USBJoin_join(USBJoin, urn, wadD);
        // Paybacks debt to the CDP and unlocks WETH amount from it
        frob(
            manager,
            cdp,
            -toInt(wadC),
            _getWipeDart(ManagerLike(manager).vat(), VatLike(ManagerLike(manager).vat()).USB(urn), urn, ManagerLike(manager).ilks(cdp))
        );
        // Moves the amount from the CDP urn to proxy's address
        flux(manager, cdp, address(this), wadC);
        // Exits WETH amount to proxy address as a token
        GemJoinLike(ethJoin).exit(address(this), wadC);
        // Converts WETH to ETH
        GemJoinLike(ethJoin).gem().withdraw(wadC);
        // Sends ETH back to the user's wallet
        payable(msg.sender).transfer(wadC);
    }

    function wipeAllAndFreeETH(
        address manager,
        address ethJoin,
        address USBJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint wadC
    ) public {
        address vat = ManagerLike(manager).vat();
        address urn = ManagerLike(manager).urns(cdp);
        bytes32 ilk = ManagerLike(manager).ilks(cdp);
        (, uint art) = VatLike(vat).urns(ilk, urn);

        // Joins USB amount into the vat
        USBJoin_join(USBJoin, urn, _getWipeAllWad(vat, urn, urn, ilk));
        // Paybacks debt to the CDP and unlocks WETH amount from it
        frob(
            manager,
            cdp,
            -toInt(wadC),
            -int(art)
        );
        // Moves the amount from the CDP urn to proxy's address
        flux(manager, cdp, address(this), wadC);
        // Exits WETH amount to proxy address as a token
        GemJoinLike(ethJoin).exit(address(this), wadC);
        // Converts WETH to ETH
        GemJoinLike(ethJoin).gem().withdraw(wadC);
        // Sends ETH back to the user's wallet
        payable(msg.sender).transfer(wadC);
    }

    function wipeAndFreeGem(
        address manager,
        address gemJoin,
        address USBJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint amtC,
        uint wadD
    ) public {
        address urn = ManagerLike(manager).urns(cdp);
        // Joins USB amount into the vat
        USBJoin_join(USBJoin, urn, wadD);
        uint wadC = convertTo18(gemJoin, amtC);
        // Paybacks debt to the CDP and unlocks token amount from it
        frob(
            manager,
            cdp,
            -toInt(wadC),
            _getWipeDart(ManagerLike(manager).vat(), VatLike(ManagerLike(manager).vat()).USB(urn), urn, ManagerLike(manager).ilks(cdp))
        );
        // Moves the amount from the CDP urn to proxy's address
        flux(manager, cdp, address(this), wadC);
        // Exits token amount to the user's wallet as a token
        GemJoinLike(gemJoin).exit(msg.sender, amtC);
    }

    function wipeAllAndFreeGem(
        address manager,
        address gemJoin,
        address USBJoin,
        uint cdp,
        uint amtC
    ) public {
        address vat = ManagerLike(manager).vat();
        address urn = ManagerLike(manager).urns(cdp);
        bytes32 ilk = ManagerLike(manager).ilks(cdp);
        (, uint art) = VatLike(vat).urns(ilk, urn);

        // Joins USB amount into the vat
        USBJoin_join(USBJoin, urn, _getWipeAllWad(vat, urn, urn, ilk));
        uint wadC = convertTo18(gemJoin, amtC);
        // Paybacks debt to the CDP and unlocks token amount from it
        frob(
            manager,
            cdp,
            -toInt(wadC),
            -int(art)
        );
        // Moves the amount from the CDP urn to proxy's address
        flux(manager, cdp, address(this), wadC);
        // Exits token amount to the user's wallet as a token
        GemJoinLike(gemJoin).exit(msg.sender, amtC);
    }
}

contract DssProxyActionsEnd is Common {
    // Internal functions

    function _free(
        address manager,
        address end,
        uint cdp
    ) internal returns (uint ink) {
        bytes32 ilk = ManagerLike(manager).ilks(cdp);
        address urn = ManagerLike(manager).urns(cdp);
        VatLike vat = VatLike(ManagerLike(manager).vat());
        uint art;
        (ink, art) = vat.urns(ilk, urn);

        // If CDP still has debt, it needs to be paid
        if (art > 0) {
            EndLike(end).skim(ilk, urn);
            (ink,) = vat.urns(ilk, urn);
        }
        // Approves the manager to transfer the position to proxy's address in the vat
        if (vat.can(address(this), address(manager)) == 0) {
            vat.hope(manager);
        }
        // Transfers position from CDP to the proxy address
        ManagerLike(manager).quit(cdp, address(this));
        // Frees the position and recovers the collateral in the vat registry
        EndLike(end).free(ilk);
    }

    // Public functions
    function freeETH(
        address manager,
        address ethJoin,
        address end,
        uint cdp
    ) public {
        uint wad = _free(manager, end, cdp);
        // Exits WETH amount to proxy address as a token
        GemJoinLike(ethJoin).exit(address(this), wad);
        // Converts WETH to ETH
        GemJoinLike(ethJoin).gem().withdraw(wad);
        // Sends ETH back to the user's wallet
        payable(msg.sender).transfer(wad);
    }

    function freeGem(
        address manager,
        address gemJoin,
        address end,
        uint cdp
    ) public {
        uint amt = _free(manager, end, cdp) / 10 ** (18 - GemJoinLike(gemJoin).dec());
        // Exits token amount to the user's wallet as a token
        GemJoinLike(gemJoin).exit(msg.sender, amt);
    }

    function pack(
        address USBJoin,
        address end,
        uint wad
    ) public {
        USBJoin_join(USBJoin, address(this), wad);
        VatLike vat = USBJoinLike(USBJoin).vat();
        // Approves the end to take out USB from the proxy's balance in the vat
        if (vat.can(address(this), address(end)) == 0) {
            vat.hope(end);
        }
        EndLike(end).pack(wad);
    }

    function cashETH(
        address ethJoin,
        address end,
        bytes32 ilk,
        uint wad
    ) public {
        EndLike(end).cash(ilk, wad);
        uint wadC = mul(wad, EndLike(end).fix(ilk)) / RAY;
        // Exits WETH amount to proxy address as a token
        GemJoinLike(ethJoin).exit(address(this), wadC);
        // Converts WETH to ETH
        GemJoinLike(ethJoin).gem().withdraw(wadC);
        // Sends ETH back to the user's wallet
        payable(msg.sender).transfer(wadC);
    }

    function cashGem(
        address gemJoin,
        address end,
        bytes32 ilk,
        uint wad
    ) public {
        EndLike(end).cash(ilk, wad);
        // Exits token amount to the user's wallet as a token
        uint amt = mul(wad, EndLike(end).fix(ilk)) / RAY / 10 ** (18 - GemJoinLike(gemJoin).dec());
        GemJoinLike(gemJoin).exit(msg.sender, amt);
    }
}

contract DssProxyActionsDsr is Common {
    function join(
        address USBJoin,
        address pot,
        uint wad
    ) public {
        VatLike vat = USBJoinLike(USBJoin).vat();
        // Executes drip to get the chi rate updated to rho == now, otherwise join will fail
        uint chi = PotLike(pot).drip();
        // Joins wad amount to the vat balance
        USBJoin_join(USBJoin, address(this), wad);
        // Approves the pot to take out USB from the proxy's balance in the vat
        if (vat.can(address(this), address(pot)) == 0) {
            vat.hope(pot);
        }
        // Joins the pie value (equivalent to the USB wad amount) in the pot
        PotLike(pot).join(mul(wad, RAY) / chi);
    }

    function exit(
        address USBJoin,
        address pot,
        uint wad
    ) public {
        VatLike vat = USBJoinLike(USBJoin).vat();
        // Executes drip to count the savings accumulated until this moment
        uint chi = PotLike(pot).drip();
        // Calculates the pie value in the pot equivalent to the USB wad amount
        uint pie = mul(wad, RAY) / chi;
        // Exits USB from the pot
        PotLike(pot).exit(pie);
        // Checks the actual balance of USB in the vat after the pot exit
        uint bal = USBJoinLike(USBJoin).vat().USB(address(this));
        // Allows adapter to access to proxy's USB balance in the vat
        if (vat.can(address(this), address(USBJoin)) == 0) {
            vat.hope(USBJoin);
        }
        // It is necessary to check if due rounding the exact wad amount can be exited by the adapter.
        // Otherwise it will do the maximum USB balance in the vat
        USBJoinLike(USBJoin).exit(
            msg.sender,
            bal >= mul(wad, RAY) ? wad : bal / RAY
        );
    }

    function exitAll(
        address USBJoin,
        address pot
    ) public {
        VatLike vat = USBJoinLike(USBJoin).vat();
        // Executes drip to count the savings accumulated until this moment
        uint chi = PotLike(pot).drip();
        // Gets the total pie belonging to the proxy address
        uint pie = PotLike(pot).pie(address(this));
        // Exits USB from the pot
        PotLike(pot).exit(pie);
        // Allows adapter to access to proxy's USB balance in the vat
        if (vat.can(address(this), address(USBJoin)) == 0) {
            vat.hope(USBJoin);
        }
        // Exits the USB amount corresponding to the value of pie
        USBJoinLike(USBJoin).exit(msg.sender, mul(chi, pie) / RAY);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// pot.sol -- USB Savings Rate

// Copyright (C) 2018 Rain <[email protected]>
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// FIXME: This contract was altered compared to the production version.
// It doesn't use LibNote anymore.
// New deployments of this contract will need to include custom events (TO DO).

/*
   "Savings USB" is obtained when USB is deposited into
   this contract. Each "Savings USB" accrues USB interest
   at the "USB Savings Rate".

   This contract does not implement a user tradeable token
   and is intended to be used with adapters.

         --- `save` your `USB` in the `pot` ---

   - `dsr`: the USB Savings Rate
   - `pie`: user balance of Savings USB

   - `join`: start saving some USB
   - `exit`: remove some USB
   - `drip`: perform rate collection

*/

interface VatLike {
    function move(address,address,uint256) external;
    function suck(address,address,uint256) external;
}

contract Pot {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint) public wards;
    function rely(address guy) external auth { wards[guy] = 1; }
    function deny(address guy) external auth { wards[guy] = 0; }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "Pot/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    mapping (address => uint256) public pie;  // Normalised Savings USB [wad]

    uint256 public Pie;   // Total Normalised Savings USB  [wad]
    uint256 public dsr;   // The USB Savings Rate          [ray]
    uint256 public chi;   // The Rate Accumulator          [ray]

    VatLike public vat;   // CDP Engine
    address public vow;   // Debt Engine
    uint256 public rho;   // Time of last drip     [unix epoch time]

    uint256 public live;  // Active Flag

    // --- Init ---
    constructor(address vat_) public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        vat = VatLike(vat_);
        dsr = ONE;
        chi = ONE;
        rho = block.timestamp;
        live = 1;
    }

    // --- Math ---
    uint256 constant ONE = 10 ** 27;
    function rpow(uint x, uint n, uint base) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        assembly {
            switch x case 0 {switch n case 0 {z := base} default {z := 0}}
            default {
                switch mod(n, 2) case 0 { z := base } default { z := x }
                let half := div(base, 2)  // for rounding.
                for { n := div(n, 2) } n { n := div(n,2) } {
                    let xx := mul(x, x)
                    if iszero(eq(div(xx, x), x)) { revert(0,0) }
                    let xxRound := add(xx, half)
                    if lt(xxRound, xx) { revert(0,0) }
                    x := div(xxRound, base)
                    if mod(n,2) {
                        let zx := mul(z, x)
                        if and(iszero(iszero(x)), iszero(eq(div(zx, x), z))) { revert(0,0) }
                        let zxRound := add(zx, half)
                        if lt(zxRound, zx) { revert(0,0) }
                        z := div(zxRound, base)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    function rmul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        z = mul(x, y) / ONE;
    }

    function add(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x);
    }

    function sub(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require((z = x - y) <= x);
    }

    function mul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x);
    }

    // --- Administration ---
    function file(bytes32 what, uint256 data) external auth {
        require(live == 1, "Pot/not-live");
        require(block.timestamp == rho, "Pot/rho-not-updated");
        if (what == "dsr") dsr = data;
        else revert("Pot/file-unrecognized-param");
    }

    function file(bytes32 what, address addr) external auth {
        if (what == "vow") vow = addr;
        else revert("Pot/file-unrecognized-param");
    }

    function cage() external auth {
        live = 0;
        dsr = ONE;
    }

    // --- Savings Rate Accumulation ---
    function drip() external returns (uint tmp) {
        require(block.timestamp >= rho, "Pot/invalid-now");
        tmp = rmul(rpow(dsr, block.timestamp - rho, ONE), chi);
        uint chi_ = sub(tmp, chi);
        chi = tmp;
        rho = block.timestamp;
        vat.suck(address(vow), address(this), mul(Pie, chi_));
    }

    // --- Savings USB Management ---
    function join(uint wad) external {
        require(block.timestamp == rho, "Pot/rho-not-updated");
        pie[msg.sender] = add(pie[msg.sender], wad);
        Pie             = add(Pie,             wad);
        vat.move(msg.sender, address(this), mul(chi, wad));
    }

    function exit(uint wad) external {
        pie[msg.sender] = sub(pie[msg.sender], wad);
        Pie             = sub(Pie,             wad);
        vat.move(address(this), msg.sender, mul(chi, wad));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// dog.sol -- Dai liquidation module 2.0


//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface ClipperLike {
    function ilk() external view returns (bytes32);
    function kick(
        uint256 tab,
        uint256 lot,
        address usr,
        address kpr
    ) external returns (uint256);
}

interface VatLike {
    function ilks(bytes32) external view returns (
        uint256 Art,  // [wad]
        uint256 rate, // [ray]
        uint256 spot, // [ray]
        uint256 line, // [rad]
        uint256 dust  // [rad]
    );
    function urns(bytes32,address) external view returns (
        uint256 ink,  // [wad]
        uint256 art   // [wad]
    );
    function grab(bytes32,address,address,address,int256,int256) external;
    function hope(address) external;
    function nope(address) external;
}

interface VowLike {
    function fess(uint256) external;
}

contract Dog {
    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint256) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 1; emit Rely(usr); }
    function deny(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 0; emit Deny(usr); }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "Dog/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    struct Ilk {
        address clip;  // Liquidator
        uint256 chop;  // Liquidation Penalty                                          [wad]
        uint256 hole;  // Max DAI needed to cover debt+fees of active auctions per ilk [rad]
        uint256 dirt;  // Amt DAI needed to cover debt+fees of active auctions per ilk [rad]
    }

    VatLike immutable public vat;  // CDP Engine

    mapping (bytes32 => Ilk) public ilks;

    VowLike public vow;   // Debt Engine
    uint256 public live;  // Active Flag
    uint256 public Hole;  // Max DAI needed to cover debt+fees of active auctions [rad]
    uint256 public Dirt;  // Amt DAI needed to cover debt+fees of active auctions [rad]

    // --- Events ---
    event Rely(address indexed usr);
    event Deny(address indexed usr);

    event File(bytes32 indexed what, uint256 data);
    event File(bytes32 indexed what, address data);
    event File(bytes32 indexed ilk, bytes32 indexed what, uint256 data);
    event File(bytes32 indexed ilk, bytes32 indexed what, address clip);

    event Bark(
      bytes32 indexed ilk,
      address indexed urn,
      uint256 ink,
      uint256 art,
      uint256 due,
      address clip,
      uint256 indexed id
    );
    event Digs(bytes32 indexed ilk, uint256 rad);
    event Cage();

    // --- Init ---
    constructor(address vat_) public {
        vat = VatLike(vat_);
        live = 1;
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        emit Rely(msg.sender);
    }

    // --- Math ---
    uint256 constant WAD = 10 ** 18;

    function min(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        z = x <= y ? x : y;
    }
    function add(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x);
    }
    function sub(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require((z = x - y) <= x);
    }
    function mul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x);
    }

    // --- Administration ---
    function file(bytes32 what, address data) external auth {
        if (what == "vow") vow = VowLike(data);
        else revert("Dog/file-unrecognized-param");
        emit File(what, data);
    }
    function file(bytes32 what, uint256 data) external auth {
        if (what == "Hole") Hole = data;
        else revert("Dog/file-unrecognized-param");
        emit File(what, data);
    }
    function file(bytes32 ilk, bytes32 what, uint256 data) external auth {
        if (what == "chop") {
            require(data >= WAD, "Dog/file-chop-lt-WAD");
            ilks[ilk].chop = data;
        } else if (what == "hole") ilks[ilk].hole = data;
        else revert("Dog/file-unrecognized-param");
        emit File(ilk, what, data);
    }
    function file(bytes32 ilk, bytes32 what, address clip) external auth {
        if (what == "clip") {
            require(ilk == ClipperLike(clip).ilk(), "Dog/file-ilk-neq-clip.ilk");
            ilks[ilk].clip = clip;
        } else revert("Dog/file-unrecognized-param");
        emit File(ilk, what, clip);
    }

    function chop(bytes32 ilk) external view returns (uint256) {
        return ilks[ilk].chop;
    }

    // --- CDP Liquidation: all bark and no bite ---
    //
    // Liquidate a Vault and start a Dutch auction to sell its collateral for DAI.
    //
    // The third argument is the address that will receive the liquidation reward, if any.
    //
    // The entire Vault will be liquidated except when the target amount of DAI to be raised in
    // the resulting auction (debt of Vault + liquidation penalty) causes either Dirt to exceed
    // Hole or ilk.dirt to exceed ilk.hole by an economically significant amount. In that
    // case, a partial liquidation is performed to respect the global and per-ilk limits on
    // outstanding DAI target. The one exception is if the resulting auction would likely
    // have too little collateral to be interesting to Keepers (debt taken from Vault < ilk.dust),
    // in which case the function reverts. Please refer to the code and comments within if
    // more detail is desired.
    function bark(bytes32 ilk, address urn, address kpr) external returns (uint256 id) {
        require(live == 1, "Dog/not-live");

        (uint256 ink, uint256 art) = vat.urns(ilk, urn);
        Ilk memory milk = ilks[ilk];
        uint256 dart;
        uint256 rate;
        uint256 dust;
        {
            uint256 spot;
            (,rate, spot,, dust) = vat.ilks(ilk);
            require(spot > 0 && mul(ink, spot) < mul(art, rate), "Dog/not-unsafe");

            // Get the minimum value between:
            // 1) Remaining space in the general Hole
            // 2) Remaining space in the collateral hole
            require(Hole > Dirt && milk.hole > milk.dirt, "Dog/liquidation-limit-hit");
            uint256 room = min(Hole - Dirt, milk.hole - milk.dirt);

            // uint256.max()/(RAD*WAD) = 115,792,089,237,316
            dart = min(art, mul(room, WAD) / rate / milk.chop);

            // Partial liquidation edge case logic
            if (art > dart) {
                if (mul(art - dart, rate) < dust) {

                    // If the leftover Vault would be dusty, just liquidate it entirely.
                    // This will result in at least one of dirt_i > hole_i or Dirt > Hole becoming true.
                    // The amount of excess will be bounded above by ceiling(dust_i * chop_i / WAD).
                    // This deviation is assumed to be small compared to both hole_i and Hole, so that
                    // the extra amount of target DAI over the limits intended is not of economic concern.
                    dart = art;
                } else {

                    // In a partial liquidation, the resulting auction should also be non-dusty.
                    require(mul(dart, rate) >= dust, "Dog/dusty-auction-from-partial-liquidation");
                }
            }
        }

        uint256 dink = mul(ink, dart) / art;

        require(dink > 0, "Dog/null-auction");
        require(dart <= 2**255 && dink <= 2**255, "Dog/overflow");

        vat.grab(
            ilk, urn, milk.clip, address(vow), -int256(dink), -int256(dart)
        );

        uint256 due = mul(dart, rate);
        vow.fess(due);

        {   // Avoid stack too deep
            // This calcuation will overflow if dart*rate exceeds ~10^14
            uint256 tab = mul(due, milk.chop) / WAD;
            Dirt = add(Dirt, tab);
            ilks[ilk].dirt = add(milk.dirt, tab);

            id = ClipperLike(milk.clip).kick({
                tab: tab,
                lot: dink,
                usr: urn,
                kpr: kpr
            });
        }

        emit Bark(ilk, urn, dink, dart, due, milk.clip, id);
    }

    function digs(bytes32 ilk, uint256 rad) external auth {
        Dirt = sub(Dirt, rad);
        ilks[ilk].dirt = sub(ilks[ilk].dirt, rad);
        emit Digs(ilk, rad);
    }

    function cage() external auth {
        live = 0;
        emit Cage();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// DssCdpManager.sol



// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface VatLike {
    function urns(bytes32, address) external view returns (uint, uint);
    function hope(address) external;
    function flux(bytes32, address, address, uint) external;
    function move(address, address, uint) external;
    function frob(bytes32, address, address, address, int, int) external;
    function fork(bytes32, address, address, int, int) external;
}

contract UrnHandler {
    constructor(address vat) public {
        VatLike(vat).hope(msg.sender);
    }
}

contract DssCdpManager {
    address                   public vat;
    uint                      public cdpi;      // Auto incremental
    mapping (uint => address) public urns;      // CDPId => UrnHandler
    mapping (uint => List)    public list;      // CDPId => Prev & Next CDPIds (double linked list)
    mapping (uint => address) public owns;      // CDPId => Owner
    mapping (uint => bytes32) public ilks;      // CDPId => Ilk

    mapping (address => uint) public first;     // Owner => First CDPId
    mapping (address => uint) public last;      // Owner => Last CDPId
    mapping (address => uint) public count;     // Owner => Amount of CDPs

    mapping (
        address => mapping (
            uint => mapping (
                address => uint
            )
        )
    ) public cdpCan;                            // Owner => CDPId => Allowed Addr => True/False

    mapping (
        address => mapping (
            address => uint
        )
    ) public urnCan;                            // Urn => Allowed Addr => True/False

    struct List {
        uint prev;
        uint next;
    }

    event NewCdp(address indexed usr, address indexed own, uint indexed cdp);

    modifier cdpAllowed(
        uint cdp
    ) {
        require(msg.sender == owns[cdp] || cdpCan[owns[cdp]][cdp][msg.sender] == 1, "cdp-not-allowed");
        _;
    }

    modifier urnAllowed(
        address urn
    ) {
        require(msg.sender == urn || urnCan[urn][msg.sender] == 1, "urn-not-allowed");
        _;
    }

    constructor(address vat_) public {
        vat = vat_;
    }

    function add(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x);
    }

    function sub(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
        require((z = x - y) <= x);
    }

    function toInt(uint x) internal pure returns (int y) {
        y = int(x);
        require(y >= 0);
    }

    // Allow/disallow a usr address to manage the cdp.
    function cdpAllow(
        uint cdp,
        address usr,
        uint ok
    ) public cdpAllowed(cdp) {
        cdpCan[owns[cdp]][cdp][usr] = ok;
    }

    // Allow/disallow a usr address to quit to the the sender urn.
    function urnAllow(
        address usr,
        uint ok
    ) public {
        urnCan[msg.sender][usr] = ok;
    }

    // Open a new cdp for a given usr address.
    function open(
        bytes32 ilk,
        address usr
    ) public returns (uint) {
        require(usr != address(0), "usr-address-0");

        cdpi = add(cdpi, 1);
        urns[cdpi] = address(new UrnHandler(vat));
        owns[cdpi] = usr;
        ilks[cdpi] = ilk;

        // Add new CDP to double linked list and pointers
        if (first[usr] == 0) {
            first[usr] = cdpi;
        }
        if (last[usr] != 0) {
            list[cdpi].prev = last[usr];
            list[last[usr]].next = cdpi;
        }
        last[usr] = cdpi;
        count[usr] = add(count[usr], 1);

        emit NewCdp(msg.sender, usr, cdpi);
        return cdpi;
    }

    // Give the cdp ownership to a dst address.
    function give(
        uint cdp,
        address dst
    ) public cdpAllowed(cdp) {
        require(dst != address(0), "dst-address-0");
        require(dst != owns[cdp], "dst-already-owner");

        // Remove transferred CDP from double linked list of origin user and pointers
        if (list[cdp].prev != 0) {
            list[list[cdp].prev].next = list[cdp].next;         // Set the next pointer of the prev cdp (if exists) to the next of the transferred one
        }
        if (list[cdp].next != 0) {                              // If wasn't the last one
            list[list[cdp].next].prev = list[cdp].prev;         // Set the prev pointer of the next cdp to the prev of the transferred one
        } else {                                                // If was the last one
            last[owns[cdp]] = list[cdp].prev;                   // Update last pointer of the owner
        }
        if (first[owns[cdp]] == cdp) {                          // If was the first one
            first[owns[cdp]] = list[cdp].next;                  // Update first pointer of the owner
        }
        count[owns[cdp]] = sub(count[owns[cdp]], 1);

        // Transfer ownership
        owns[cdp] = dst;

        // Add transferred CDP to double linked list of destiny user and pointers
        list[cdp].prev = last[dst];
        list[cdp].next = 0;
        if (last[dst] != 0) {
            list[last[dst]].next = cdp;
        }
        if (first[dst] == 0) {
            first[dst] = cdp;
        }
        last[dst] = cdp;
        count[dst] = add(count[dst], 1);
    }

    // Frob the cdp keeping the generated USB or collateral freed in the cdp urn address.
    function frob(
        uint cdp,
        int dink,
        int dart
    ) public cdpAllowed(cdp) {
        address urn = urns[cdp];
        VatLike(vat).frob(
            ilks[cdp],
            urn,
            urn,
            urn,
            dink,
            dart
        );
    }

    // Transfer wad amount of cdp collateral from the cdp address to a dst address.
    function flux(
        uint cdp,
        address dst,
        uint wad
    ) public cdpAllowed(cdp) {
        VatLike(vat).flux(ilks[cdp], urns[cdp], dst, wad);
    }

    // Transfer wad amount of any type of collateral (ilk) from the cdp address to a dst address.
    // This function has the purpose to take away collateral from the system that doesn't correspond to the cdp but was sent there wrongly.
    function flux(
        bytes32 ilk,
        uint cdp,
        address dst,
        uint wad
    ) public cdpAllowed(cdp) {
        VatLike(vat).flux(ilk, urns[cdp], dst, wad);
    }

    // Transfer wad amount of USB from the cdp address to a dst address.
    function move(
        uint cdp,
        address dst,
        uint rad
    ) public cdpAllowed(cdp) {
        VatLike(vat).move(urns[cdp], dst, rad);
    }

    // Quit the system, migrating the cdp (ink, art) to a different dst urn
    function quit(
        uint cdp,
        address dst
    ) public cdpAllowed(cdp) urnAllowed(dst) {
        (uint ink, uint art) = VatLike(vat).urns(ilks[cdp], urns[cdp]);
        VatLike(vat).fork(
            ilks[cdp],
            urns[cdp],
            dst,
            toInt(ink),
            toInt(art)
        );
    }

    // Import a position from src urn to the urn owned by cdp
    function enter(
        address src,
        uint cdp
    ) public urnAllowed(src) cdpAllowed(cdp) {
        (uint ink, uint art) = VatLike(vat).urns(ilks[cdp], src);
        VatLike(vat).fork(
            ilks[cdp],
            src,
            urns[cdp],
            toInt(ink),
            toInt(art)
        );
    }

    // Move a position from cdpSrc urn to the cdpDst urn
    function shift(
        uint cdpSrc,
        uint cdpDst
    ) public cdpAllowed(cdpSrc) cdpAllowed(cdpDst) {
        require(ilks[cdpSrc] == ilks[cdpDst], "non-matching-cdps");
        (uint ink, uint art) = VatLike(vat).urns(ilks[cdpSrc], urns[cdpSrc]);
        VatLike(vat).fork(
            ilks[cdpSrc],
            urns[cdpSrc],
            urns[cdpDst],
            toInt(ink),
            toInt(art)
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later


//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
// by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface Abacus {
    // 1st arg: initial price               [ray]
    // 2nd arg: seconds since auction start [seconds]
    // returns: current auction price       [ray]
    function price(uint256, uint256) external view returns (uint256);
}

contract LinearDecrease is Abacus {

    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint256) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 1; emit Rely(usr); }
    function deny(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 0; emit Deny(usr); }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "LinearDecrease/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    uint256 public tau;  // Seconds after auction start when the price reaches zero [seconds]

    // --- Events ---
    event Rely(address indexed usr);
    event Deny(address indexed usr);

    event File(bytes32 indexed what, uint256 data);

    // --- Init ---
    constructor() public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        emit Rely(msg.sender);
    }

    // --- Administration ---
    function file(bytes32 what, uint256 data) external auth {
        if (what ==  "tau") tau = data;
        else revert("LinearDecrease/file-unrecognized-param");
        emit File(what, data);
    }

    // --- Math ---
    uint256 constant RAY = 10 ** 27;
    function add(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require((z = x + y) >= x);
    }
    function mul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x);
    }
    function rmul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        z = x * y;
        require(y == 0 || z / y == x);
        z = z / RAY;
    }

    // Price calculation when price is decreased linearly in proportion to time:
    // tau: The number of seconds after the start of the auction where the price will hit 0
    // top: Initial price
    // dur: current seconds since the start of the auction
    //
    // Returns y = top * ((tau - dur) / tau)
    //
    // Note the internal call to mul multiples by RAY, thereby ensuring that the rmul calculation
    // which utilizes top and tau (RAY values) is also a RAY value.
    function price(uint256 top, uint256 dur) override external view returns (uint256) {
        if (dur >= tau) return 0;
        return rmul(top, mul(tau - dur, RAY) / tau);
    }
}

contract StairstepExponentialDecrease is Abacus {

    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint256) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 1; emit Rely(usr); }
    function deny(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 0; emit Deny(usr); }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "StairstepExponentialDecrease/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    uint256 public step; // Length of time between price drops [seconds]
    uint256 public cut;  // Per-step multiplicative factor     [ray]

    // --- Events ---
    event Rely(address indexed usr);
    event Deny(address indexed usr);

    event File(bytes32 indexed what, uint256 data);

    // --- Init ---
    // @notice: `cut` and `step` values must be correctly set for
    //     this contract to return a valid price
    constructor() public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        emit Rely(msg.sender);
    }

    // --- Administration ---
    function file(bytes32 what, uint256 data) external auth {
        if      (what ==  "cut") require((cut = data) <= RAY, "StairstepExponentialDecrease/cut-gt-RAY");
        else if (what == "step") step = data;
        else revert("StairstepExponentialDecrease/file-unrecognized-param");
        emit File(what, data);
    }

    // --- Math ---
    uint256 constant RAY = 10 ** 27;
    function rmul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        z = x * y;
        require(y == 0 || z / y == x);
        z = z / RAY;
    }
    // optimized version from dss PR #78
    function rpow(uint256 x, uint256 n, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            switch n case 0 { z := b }
            default {
                switch x case 0 { z := 0 }
                default {
                    switch mod(n, 2) case 0 { z := b } default { z := x }
                    let half := div(b, 2)  // for rounding.
                    for { n := div(n, 2) } n { n := div(n,2) } {
                        let xx := mul(x, x)
                        if shr(128, x) { revert(0,0) }
                        let xxRound := add(xx, half)
                        if lt(xxRound, xx) { revert(0,0) }
                        x := div(xxRound, b)
                        if mod(n,2) {
                            let zx := mul(z, x)
                            if and(iszero(iszero(x)), iszero(eq(div(zx, x), z))) { revert(0,0) }
                            let zxRound := add(zx, half)
                            if lt(zxRound, zx) { revert(0,0) }
                            z := div(zxRound, b)
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // top: initial price
    // dur: seconds since the auction has started
    // step: seconds between a price drop
    // cut: cut encodes the percentage to decrease per step.
    //   For efficiency, the values is set as (1 - (% value / 100)) * RAY
    //   So, for a 1% decrease per step, cut would be (1 - 0.01) * RAY
    //
    // returns: top * (cut ^ dur)
    //
    //
    function price(uint256 top, uint256 dur) override external view returns (uint256) {
        return rmul(top, rpow(cut, dur / step, RAY));
    }
}

// While an equivalent function can be obtained by setting step = 1 in StairstepExponentialDecrease,
// this continous (i.e. per-second) exponential decrease has be implemented as it is more gas-efficient
// than using the stairstep version with step = 1 (primarily due to 1 fewer SLOAD per price calculation).
contract ExponentialDecrease is Abacus {

    // --- Auth ---
    mapping (address => uint256) public wards;
    function rely(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 1; emit Rely(usr); }
    function deny(address usr) external auth { wards[usr] = 0; emit Deny(usr); }
    modifier auth {
        require(wards[msg.sender] == 1, "ExponentialDecrease/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    // --- Data ---
    uint256 public cut;  // Per-second multiplicative factor [ray]

    // --- Events ---
    event Rely(address indexed usr);
    event Deny(address indexed usr);

    event File(bytes32 indexed what, uint256 data);

    // --- Init ---
    // @notice: `cut` value must be correctly set for
    //     this contract to return a valid price
    constructor() public {
        wards[msg.sender] = 1;
        emit Rely(msg.sender);
    }

    // --- Administration ---
    function file(bytes32 what, uint256 data) external auth {
        if      (what ==  "cut") require((cut = data) <= RAY, "ExponentialDecrease/cut-gt-RAY");
        else revert("ExponentialDecrease/file-unrecognized-param");
        emit File(what, data);
    }

    // --- Math ---
    uint256 constant RAY = 10 ** 27;
    function rmul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        z = x * y;
        require(y == 0 || z / y == x);
        z = z / RAY;
    }
    // optimized version from dss PR #78
    function rpow(uint256 x, uint256 n, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            switch n case 0 { z := b }
            default {
                switch x case 0 { z := 0 }
                default {
                    switch mod(n, 2) case 0 { z := b } default { z := x }
                    let half := div(b, 2)  // for rounding.
                    for { n := div(n, 2) } n { n := div(n,2) } {
                        let xx := mul(x, x)
                        if shr(128, x) { revert(0,0) }
                        let xxRound := add(xx, half)
                        if lt(xxRound, xx) { revert(0,0) }
                        x := div(xxRound, b)
                        if mod(n,2) {
                            let zx := mul(z, x)
                            if and(iszero(iszero(x)), iszero(eq(div(zx, x), z))) { revert(0,0) }
                            let zxRound := add(zx, half)
                            if lt(zxRound, zx) { revert(0,0) }
                            z := div(zxRound, b)
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // top: initial price
    // dur: seconds since the auction has started
    // cut: cut encodes the percentage to decrease per second.
    //   For efficiency, the values is set as (1 - (% value / 100)) * RAY
    //   So, for a 1% decrease per second, cut would be (1 - 0.01) * RAY
    //
    // returns: top * (cut ^ dur)
    //
    function price(uint256 top, uint256 dur) override external view returns (uint256) {
        return rmul(top, rpow(cut, dur, RAY));
    }
}

{
  "metadata": {
    "useLiteralContent": true
  },
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": true,
    "runs": 200
  },
  "outputSelection": {
    "*": {
      "*": [
        "evm.bytecode",
        "evm.deployedBytecode",
        "abi"
      ]
    }
  }
}

• No Contract Security Audit Submitted- Submit Audit Here

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000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000044652494e00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

-----Decoded View---------------
Arg [0] : symbol_ (string): FRIN

-----Encoded View---------------
3 Constructor Arguments found :
Arg [0] : 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020
Arg [1] : 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004
Arg [2] : 4652494e00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

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