ETH Price: $2,629.61 (+3.02%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
16194470 at Dec-16-2022 03:07:59 AM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.003922089682516137 ETH $10.31
Gas Used:
218,779 Gas / 17.927176203 Gwei

Emitted Events:

166 FiatTokenProxy.0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef( 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef, 0x00000000000000000000000088e6a0c2ddd26feeb64f039a2c41296fcb3f5640, 0x00000000000000000000000068b3465833fb72a70ecdf485e0e4c7bd8665fc45, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000533dccb5 )
167 WETH9.Deposit( dst=[Receiver] SwapRouter02, wad=1100000000000000000 )
168 WETH9.Transfer( src=[Receiver] SwapRouter02, dst=0x88e6A0c2dDD26FEEb64F039a2c41296FcB3f5640, wad=1100000000000000000 )
169 0x88e6a0c2ddd26feeb64f039a2c41296fcb3f5640.0xc42079f94a6350d7e6235f29174924f928cc2ac818eb64fed8004e115fbcca67( 0xc42079f94a6350d7e6235f29174924f928cc2ac818eb64fed8004e115fbcca67, 0x00000000000000000000000068b3465833fb72a70ecdf485e0e4c7bd8665fc45, 0x00000000000000000000000068b3465833fb72a70ecdf485e0e4c7bd8665fc45, ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffacc2334b, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f43fc2c04ee0000, 0000000000000000000000000000000000006d9a1bacde60a602fdcdcb24adbe, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000195d6094349d51380, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000032032 )
170 FiatTokenProxy.0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef( 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef, 0x00000000000000000000000068b3465833fb72a70ecdf485e0e4c7bd8665fc45, 0x000000000000000000000000f040ed78e6880af04d5040c1c96f038a75eefa9f, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000533dccb5 )
171 AVATAR.Transfer( owner_=UniswapV2Pair, recipient_=0x366307ed1C98aC8BEF7f9f190906216529563A2A, amount_=12510903853029913693016 )
172 AVATAR.Transfer( owner_=UniswapV2Pair, recipient_=[Sender] 0xb3e50eacb632595a7b3286df475aa85f43281407, amount_=363191914556276803815001 )
173 UniswapV2Pair.Sync( reserve0=331597497162, reserve1=89098070801056207863858655 )
174 UniswapV2Pair.Swap( sender=[Receiver] SwapRouter02, amount0In=1396559029, amount1In=0, amount0Out=0, amount1Out=375702818409306717508017, to=[Sender] 0xb3e50eacb632595a7b3286df475aa85f43281407 )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
0x88e6A0c2...FcB3f5640
(Uniswap V3: USDC 3)
0xA0b86991...E3606eB48
0xb3e50EaC...f43281407
1.291786697542848733 Eth
Nonce: 283
0.187864607860332596 Eth
Nonce: 284
1.103922089682516137
0xC02aaA39...83C756Cc2 3,730,829.064915648808570831 Eth3,730,830.164915648808570831 Eth1.1
0xc1B9F29d...F44116c6a
0xf040eD78...A75eeFa9F
(eth-builder)
6.43689734038588472 Eth6.43722550888588472 Eth0.0003281685

Execution Trace

ETH 1.1 SwapRouter02.multicall( deadline=1671161855, data=[uFgYPwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA9D/CwE7gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAK8AqqjmyI/6NCg5cTyfq2Qg8dWzCAAH0oLhpkcYhizbB0Z1KLp6wzjYG60gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=, RytD8wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEwSOTDPtamlqQ4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALPlDqy2MllaezKG30daqF9DKBQHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACguGmRxiGLNsHRnUounrDONgbrSAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMG58p0H7qQfNwIZTzO0KY9EEWxq] ) => ( [AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFM9zLU=, AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzorFLfsyZ6xlk=] )
  • ETH 1.1 SwapRouter02.exactInput( params=[{name:path, type:bytes, order:1, indexed:false, value:0xC02AAA39B223FE8D0A0E5C4F27EAD9083C756CC20001F4A0B86991C6218B36C1D19D4A2E9EB0CE3606EB48, valueString:0xC02AAA39B223FE8D0A0E5C4F27EAD9083C756CC20001F4A0B86991C6218B36C1D19D4A2E9EB0CE3606EB48}, {name:recipient, type:address, order:2, indexed:false, value:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002, valueString:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002}, {name:amountIn, type:uint256, order:3, indexed:false, value:1100000000000000000, valueString:1100000000000000000}, {name:amountOutMinimum, type:uint256, order:4, indexed:false, value:0, valueString:0}] ) => ( amountOut=1396559029 )
    • Uniswap V3: USDC 3.128acb08( )
      • FiatTokenProxy.a9059cbb( )
        • FiatTokenV2_1.transfer( to=0x68b3465833fb72A70ecDF485E0e4C7bD8665Fc45, value=1396559029 ) => ( True )
        • WETH9.balanceOf( 0x88e6A0c2dDD26FEEb64F039a2c41296FcB3f5640 ) => ( 85015022458306396605644 )
        • SwapRouter02.uniswapV3SwapCallback( amount0Delta=-1396559029, amount1Delta=1100000000000000000, _data=0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000B3E50EACB632595A7B3286DF475AA85F43281407000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002BC02AAA39B223FE8D0A0E5C4F27EAD9083C756CC20001F4A0B86991C6218B36C1D19D4A2E9EB0CE3606EB48000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 )
          • ETH 1.1 WETH9.CALL( )
          • WETH9.transfer( dst=0x88e6A0c2dDD26FEEb64F039a2c41296FcB3f5640, wad=1100000000000000000 ) => ( True )
          • WETH9.balanceOf( 0x88e6A0c2dDD26FEEb64F039a2c41296FcB3f5640 ) => ( 85016122458306396605644 )
          • ETH 1.1 SwapRouter02.swapExactTokensForTokens( amountIn=0, amountOutMin=359236015113457994410254, path=[0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48, 0xc1B9F29d07EEA41F3702194f33B4298F44116c6a], to=0xb3e50EaCB632595a7B3286DF475AA85f43281407 ) => ( amountOut=363191914556276803815001 )
            • FiatTokenProxy.70a08231( )
              • FiatTokenV2_1.balanceOf( account=0x68b3465833fb72A70ecDF485E0e4C7bD8665Fc45 ) => ( 1396559029 )
              • FiatTokenProxy.a9059cbb( )
                • FiatTokenV2_1.transfer( to=0xf040eD78e6880Af04D5040c1C96F038A75eeFa9F, value=1396559029 ) => ( True )
                • AVATAR.balanceOf( 0xb3e50EaCB632595a7B3286DF475AA85f43281407 ) => ( 0 )
                • UniswapV2Pair.STATICCALL( )
                • FiatTokenProxy.70a08231( )
                  • FiatTokenV2_1.balanceOf( account=0xf040eD78e6880Af04D5040c1C96F038A75eeFa9F ) => ( 331597497162 )
                  • UniswapV2Pair.swap( amount0Out=0, amount1Out=375702818409306717508017, to=0xb3e50EaCB632595a7B3286DF475AA85f43281407, data=0x )
                    • AVATAR.transfer( recipient_=0xb3e50EaCB632595a7B3286DF475AA85f43281407, amount_=375702818409306717508017 ) => ( success_=True )
                    • FiatTokenProxy.70a08231( )
                      • FiatTokenV2_1.balanceOf( account=0xf040eD78e6880Af04D5040c1C96F038A75eeFa9F ) => ( 331597497162 )
                      • AVATAR.balanceOf( 0xf040eD78e6880Af04D5040c1C96F038A75eeFa9F ) => ( 89098070801056207863858655 )
                      • AVATAR.balanceOf( 0xb3e50EaCB632595a7B3286DF475AA85f43281407 ) => ( 363191914556276803815001 )
                        File 1 of 6: SwapRouter02
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/base/SelfPermit.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/base/PeripheryImmutableState.sol';
                        import './interfaces/ISwapRouter02.sol';
                        import './V2SwapRouter.sol';
                        import './V3SwapRouter.sol';
                        import './base/ApproveAndCall.sol';
                        import './base/MulticallExtended.sol';
                        /// @title Uniswap V2 and V3 Swap Router
                        contract SwapRouter02 is ISwapRouter02, V2SwapRouter, V3SwapRouter, ApproveAndCall, MulticallExtended, SelfPermit {
                            constructor(
                                address _factoryV2,
                                address factoryV3,
                                address _positionManager,
                                address _WETH9
                            ) ImmutableState(_factoryV2, _positionManager) PeripheryImmutableState(factoryV3, _WETH9) {}
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol';
                        import '@openzeppelin/contracts/drafts/IERC20Permit.sol';
                        import '../interfaces/ISelfPermit.sol';
                        import '../interfaces/external/IERC20PermitAllowed.sol';
                        /// @title Self Permit
                        /// @notice Functionality to call permit on any EIP-2612-compliant token for use in the route
                        /// @dev These functions are expected to be embedded in multicalls to allow EOAs to approve a contract and call a function
                        /// that requires an approval in a single transaction.
                        abstract contract SelfPermit is ISelfPermit {
                            /// @inheritdoc ISelfPermit
                            function selfPermit(
                                address token,
                                uint256 value,
                                uint256 deadline,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) public payable override {
                                IERC20Permit(token).permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s);
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc ISelfPermit
                            function selfPermitIfNecessary(
                                address token,
                                uint256 value,
                                uint256 deadline,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) external payable override {
                                if (IERC20(token).allowance(msg.sender, address(this)) < value) selfPermit(token, value, deadline, v, r, s);
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc ISelfPermit
                            function selfPermitAllowed(
                                address token,
                                uint256 nonce,
                                uint256 expiry,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) public payable override {
                                IERC20PermitAllowed(token).permit(msg.sender, address(this), nonce, expiry, true, v, r, s);
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc ISelfPermit
                            function selfPermitAllowedIfNecessary(
                                address token,
                                uint256 nonce,
                                uint256 expiry,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) external payable override {
                                if (IERC20(token).allowance(msg.sender, address(this)) < type(uint256).max)
                                    selfPermitAllowed(token, nonce, expiry, v, r, s);
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        import '../interfaces/IPeripheryImmutableState.sol';
                        /// @title Immutable state
                        /// @notice Immutable state used by periphery contracts
                        abstract contract PeripheryImmutableState is IPeripheryImmutableState {
                            /// @inheritdoc IPeripheryImmutableState
                            address public immutable override factory;
                            /// @inheritdoc IPeripheryImmutableState
                            address public immutable override WETH9;
                            constructor(address _factory, address _WETH9) {
                                factory = _factory;
                                WETH9 = _WETH9;
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/interfaces/ISelfPermit.sol';
                        import './IV2SwapRouter.sol';
                        import './IV3SwapRouter.sol';
                        import './IApproveAndCall.sol';
                        import './IMulticallExtended.sol';
                        /// @title Router token swapping functionality
                        interface ISwapRouter02 is IV2SwapRouter, IV3SwapRouter, IApproveAndCall, IMulticallExtended, ISelfPermit {
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/libraries/LowGasSafeMath.sol';
                        import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol';
                        import './interfaces/IV2SwapRouter.sol';
                        import './base/ImmutableState.sol';
                        import './base/PeripheryPaymentsWithFeeExtended.sol';
                        import './libraries/Constants.sol';
                        import './libraries/UniswapV2Library.sol';
                        /// @title Uniswap V2 Swap Router
                        /// @notice Router for stateless execution of swaps against Uniswap V2
                        abstract contract V2SwapRouter is IV2SwapRouter, ImmutableState, PeripheryPaymentsWithFeeExtended {
                            using LowGasSafeMath for uint256;
                            // supports fee-on-transfer tokens
                            // requires the initial amount to have already been sent to the first pair
                            function _swap(address[] memory path, address _to) private {
                                for (uint256 i; i < path.length - 1; i++) {
                                    (address input, address output) = (path[i], path[i + 1]);
                                    (address token0, ) = UniswapV2Library.sortTokens(input, output);
                                    IUniswapV2Pair pair = IUniswapV2Pair(UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factoryV2, input, output));
                                    uint256 amountInput;
                                    uint256 amountOutput;
                                    // scope to avoid stack too deep errors
                                    {
                                        (uint256 reserve0, uint256 reserve1, ) = pair.getReserves();
                                        (uint256 reserveInput, uint256 reserveOutput) =
                                            input == token0 ? (reserve0, reserve1) : (reserve1, reserve0);
                                        amountInput = IERC20(input).balanceOf(address(pair)).sub(reserveInput);
                                        amountOutput = UniswapV2Library.getAmountOut(amountInput, reserveInput, reserveOutput);
                                    }
                                    (uint256 amount0Out, uint256 amount1Out) =
                                        input == token0 ? (uint256(0), amountOutput) : (amountOutput, uint256(0));
                                    address to = i < path.length - 2 ? UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factoryV2, output, path[i + 2]) : _to;
                                    pair.swap(amount0Out, amount1Out, to, new bytes(0));
                                }
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IV2SwapRouter
                            function swapExactTokensForTokens(
                                uint256 amountIn,
                                uint256 amountOutMin,
                                address[] calldata path,
                                address to
                            ) external payable override returns (uint256 amountOut) {
                                // use amountIn == Constants.CONTRACT_BALANCE as a flag to swap the entire balance of the contract
                                bool hasAlreadyPaid;
                                if (amountIn == Constants.CONTRACT_BALANCE) {
                                    hasAlreadyPaid = true;
                                    amountIn = IERC20(path[0]).balanceOf(address(this));
                                }
                                pay(
                                    path[0],
                                    hasAlreadyPaid ? address(this) : msg.sender,
                                    UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factoryV2, path[0], path[1]),
                                    amountIn
                                );
                                // find and replace to addresses
                                if (to == Constants.MSG_SENDER) to = msg.sender;
                                else if (to == Constants.ADDRESS_THIS) to = address(this);
                                uint256 balanceBefore = IERC20(path[path.length - 1]).balanceOf(to);
                                _swap(path, to);
                                amountOut = IERC20(path[path.length - 1]).balanceOf(to).sub(balanceBefore);
                                require(amountOut >= amountOutMin, 'Too little received');
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IV2SwapRouter
                            function swapTokensForExactTokens(
                                uint256 amountOut,
                                uint256 amountInMax,
                                address[] calldata path,
                                address to
                            ) external payable override returns (uint256 amountIn) {
                                amountIn = UniswapV2Library.getAmountsIn(factoryV2, amountOut, path)[0];
                                require(amountIn <= amountInMax, 'Too much requested');
                                pay(path[0], msg.sender, UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factoryV2, path[0], path[1]), amountIn);
                                // find and replace to addresses
                                if (to == Constants.MSG_SENDER) to = msg.sender;
                                else if (to == Constants.ADDRESS_THIS) to = address(this);
                                _swap(path, to);
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/libraries/SafeCast.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/libraries/TickMath.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV3Pool.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/libraries/Path.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/libraries/PoolAddress.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/libraries/CallbackValidation.sol';
                        import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol';
                        import './interfaces/IV3SwapRouter.sol';
                        import './base/PeripheryPaymentsWithFeeExtended.sol';
                        import './base/OracleSlippage.sol';
                        import './libraries/Constants.sol';
                        /// @title Uniswap V3 Swap Router
                        /// @notice Router for stateless execution of swaps against Uniswap V3
                        abstract contract V3SwapRouter is IV3SwapRouter, PeripheryPaymentsWithFeeExtended, OracleSlippage {
                            using Path for bytes;
                            using SafeCast for uint256;
                            /// @dev Used as the placeholder value for amountInCached, because the computed amount in for an exact output swap
                            /// can never actually be this value
                            uint256 private constant DEFAULT_AMOUNT_IN_CACHED = type(uint256).max;
                            /// @dev Transient storage variable used for returning the computed amount in for an exact output swap.
                            uint256 private amountInCached = DEFAULT_AMOUNT_IN_CACHED;
                            /// @dev Returns the pool for the given token pair and fee. The pool contract may or may not exist.
                            function getPool(
                                address tokenA,
                                address tokenB,
                                uint24 fee
                            ) private view returns (IUniswapV3Pool) {
                                return IUniswapV3Pool(PoolAddress.computeAddress(factory, PoolAddress.getPoolKey(tokenA, tokenB, fee)));
                            }
                            struct SwapCallbackData {
                                bytes path;
                                address payer;
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3SwapCallback
                            function uniswapV3SwapCallback(
                                int256 amount0Delta,
                                int256 amount1Delta,
                                bytes calldata _data
                            ) external override {
                                require(amount0Delta > 0 || amount1Delta > 0); // swaps entirely within 0-liquidity regions are not supported
                                SwapCallbackData memory data = abi.decode(_data, (SwapCallbackData));
                                (address tokenIn, address tokenOut, uint24 fee) = data.path.decodeFirstPool();
                                CallbackValidation.verifyCallback(factory, tokenIn, tokenOut, fee);
                                (bool isExactInput, uint256 amountToPay) =
                                    amount0Delta > 0
                                        ? (tokenIn < tokenOut, uint256(amount0Delta))
                                        : (tokenOut < tokenIn, uint256(amount1Delta));
                                if (isExactInput) {
                                    pay(tokenIn, data.payer, msg.sender, amountToPay);
                                } else {
                                    // either initiate the next swap or pay
                                    if (data.path.hasMultiplePools()) {
                                        data.path = data.path.skipToken();
                                        exactOutputInternal(amountToPay, msg.sender, 0, data);
                                    } else {
                                        amountInCached = amountToPay;
                                        // note that because exact output swaps are executed in reverse order, tokenOut is actually tokenIn
                                        pay(tokenOut, data.payer, msg.sender, amountToPay);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            /// @dev Performs a single exact input swap
                            function exactInputInternal(
                                uint256 amountIn,
                                address recipient,
                                uint160 sqrtPriceLimitX96,
                                SwapCallbackData memory data
                            ) private returns (uint256 amountOut) {
                                // find and replace recipient addresses
                                if (recipient == Constants.MSG_SENDER) recipient = msg.sender;
                                else if (recipient == Constants.ADDRESS_THIS) recipient = address(this);
                                (address tokenIn, address tokenOut, uint24 fee) = data.path.decodeFirstPool();
                                bool zeroForOne = tokenIn < tokenOut;
                                (int256 amount0, int256 amount1) =
                                    getPool(tokenIn, tokenOut, fee).swap(
                                        recipient,
                                        zeroForOne,
                                        amountIn.toInt256(),
                                        sqrtPriceLimitX96 == 0
                                            ? (zeroForOne ? TickMath.MIN_SQRT_RATIO + 1 : TickMath.MAX_SQRT_RATIO - 1)
                                            : sqrtPriceLimitX96,
                                        abi.encode(data)
                                    );
                                return uint256(-(zeroForOne ? amount1 : amount0));
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IV3SwapRouter
                            function exactInputSingle(ExactInputSingleParams memory params)
                                external
                                payable
                                override
                                returns (uint256 amountOut)
                            {
                                // use amountIn == Constants.CONTRACT_BALANCE as a flag to swap the entire balance of the contract
                                bool hasAlreadyPaid;
                                if (params.amountIn == Constants.CONTRACT_BALANCE) {
                                    hasAlreadyPaid = true;
                                    params.amountIn = IERC20(params.tokenIn).balanceOf(address(this));
                                }
                                amountOut = exactInputInternal(
                                    params.amountIn,
                                    params.recipient,
                                    params.sqrtPriceLimitX96,
                                    SwapCallbackData({
                                        path: abi.encodePacked(params.tokenIn, params.fee, params.tokenOut),
                                        payer: hasAlreadyPaid ? address(this) : msg.sender
                                    })
                                );
                                require(amountOut >= params.amountOutMinimum, 'Too little received');
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IV3SwapRouter
                            function exactInput(ExactInputParams memory params) external payable override returns (uint256 amountOut) {
                                // use amountIn == Constants.CONTRACT_BALANCE as a flag to swap the entire balance of the contract
                                bool hasAlreadyPaid;
                                if (params.amountIn == Constants.CONTRACT_BALANCE) {
                                    hasAlreadyPaid = true;
                                    (address tokenIn, , ) = params.path.decodeFirstPool();
                                    params.amountIn = IERC20(tokenIn).balanceOf(address(this));
                                }
                                address payer = hasAlreadyPaid ? address(this) : msg.sender;
                                while (true) {
                                    bool hasMultiplePools = params.path.hasMultiplePools();
                                    // the outputs of prior swaps become the inputs to subsequent ones
                                    params.amountIn = exactInputInternal(
                                        params.amountIn,
                                        hasMultiplePools ? address(this) : params.recipient, // for intermediate swaps, this contract custodies
                                        0,
                                        SwapCallbackData({
                                            path: params.path.getFirstPool(), // only the first pool in the path is necessary
                                            payer: payer
                                        })
                                    );
                                    // decide whether to continue or terminate
                                    if (hasMultiplePools) {
                                        payer = address(this);
                                        params.path = params.path.skipToken();
                                    } else {
                                        amountOut = params.amountIn;
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                                require(amountOut >= params.amountOutMinimum, 'Too little received');
                            }
                            /// @dev Performs a single exact output swap
                            function exactOutputInternal(
                                uint256 amountOut,
                                address recipient,
                                uint160 sqrtPriceLimitX96,
                                SwapCallbackData memory data
                            ) private returns (uint256 amountIn) {
                                // find and replace recipient addresses
                                if (recipient == Constants.MSG_SENDER) recipient = msg.sender;
                                else if (recipient == Constants.ADDRESS_THIS) recipient = address(this);
                                (address tokenOut, address tokenIn, uint24 fee) = data.path.decodeFirstPool();
                                bool zeroForOne = tokenIn < tokenOut;
                                (int256 amount0Delta, int256 amount1Delta) =
                                    getPool(tokenIn, tokenOut, fee).swap(
                                        recipient,
                                        zeroForOne,
                                        -amountOut.toInt256(),
                                        sqrtPriceLimitX96 == 0
                                            ? (zeroForOne ? TickMath.MIN_SQRT_RATIO + 1 : TickMath.MAX_SQRT_RATIO - 1)
                                            : sqrtPriceLimitX96,
                                        abi.encode(data)
                                    );
                                uint256 amountOutReceived;
                                (amountIn, amountOutReceived) = zeroForOne
                                    ? (uint256(amount0Delta), uint256(-amount1Delta))
                                    : (uint256(amount1Delta), uint256(-amount0Delta));
                                // it's technically possible to not receive the full output amount,
                                // so if no price limit has been specified, require this possibility away
                                if (sqrtPriceLimitX96 == 0) require(amountOutReceived == amountOut);
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IV3SwapRouter
                            function exactOutputSingle(ExactOutputSingleParams calldata params)
                                external
                                payable
                                override
                                returns (uint256 amountIn)
                            {
                                // avoid an SLOAD by using the swap return data
                                amountIn = exactOutputInternal(
                                    params.amountOut,
                                    params.recipient,
                                    params.sqrtPriceLimitX96,
                                    SwapCallbackData({path: abi.encodePacked(params.tokenOut, params.fee, params.tokenIn), payer: msg.sender})
                                );
                                require(amountIn <= params.amountInMaximum, 'Too much requested');
                                // has to be reset even though we don't use it in the single hop case
                                amountInCached = DEFAULT_AMOUNT_IN_CACHED;
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IV3SwapRouter
                            function exactOutput(ExactOutputParams calldata params) external payable override returns (uint256 amountIn) {
                                exactOutputInternal(
                                    params.amountOut,
                                    params.recipient,
                                    0,
                                    SwapCallbackData({path: params.path, payer: msg.sender})
                                );
                                amountIn = amountInCached;
                                require(amountIn <= params.amountInMaximum, 'Too much requested');
                                amountInCached = DEFAULT_AMOUNT_IN_CACHED;
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/interfaces/INonfungiblePositionManager.sol';
                        import '../interfaces/IApproveAndCall.sol';
                        import './ImmutableState.sol';
                        /// @title Approve and Call
                        /// @notice Allows callers to approve the Uniswap V3 position manager from this contract,
                        /// for any token, and then make calls into the position manager
                        abstract contract ApproveAndCall is IApproveAndCall, ImmutableState {
                            function tryApprove(address token, uint256 amount) private returns (bool) {
                                (bool success, bytes memory data) =
                                    token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(IERC20.approve.selector, positionManager, amount));
                                return success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool)));
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IApproveAndCall
                            function getApprovalType(address token, uint256 amount) external override returns (ApprovalType) {
                                // check existing approval
                                if (IERC20(token).allowance(address(this), positionManager) >= amount) return ApprovalType.NOT_REQUIRED;
                                // try type(uint256).max / type(uint256).max - 1
                                if (tryApprove(token, type(uint256).max)) return ApprovalType.MAX;
                                if (tryApprove(token, type(uint256).max - 1)) return ApprovalType.MAX_MINUS_ONE;
                                // set approval to 0 (must succeed)
                                require(tryApprove(token, 0));
                                // try type(uint256).max / type(uint256).max - 1
                                if (tryApprove(token, type(uint256).max)) return ApprovalType.ZERO_THEN_MAX;
                                if (tryApprove(token, type(uint256).max - 1)) return ApprovalType.ZERO_THEN_MAX_MINUS_ONE;
                                revert();
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IApproveAndCall
                            function approveMax(address token) external payable override {
                                require(tryApprove(token, type(uint256).max));
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IApproveAndCall
                            function approveMaxMinusOne(address token) external payable override {
                                require(tryApprove(token, type(uint256).max - 1));
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IApproveAndCall
                            function approveZeroThenMax(address token) external payable override {
                                require(tryApprove(token, 0));
                                require(tryApprove(token, type(uint256).max));
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IApproveAndCall
                            function approveZeroThenMaxMinusOne(address token) external payable override {
                                require(tryApprove(token, 0));
                                require(tryApprove(token, type(uint256).max - 1));
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IApproveAndCall
                            function callPositionManager(bytes memory data) public payable override returns (bytes memory result) {
                                bool success;
                                (success, result) = positionManager.call(data);
                                if (!success) {
                                    // Next 5 lines from https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/a/83577
                                    if (result.length < 68) revert();
                                    assembly {
                                        result := add(result, 0x04)
                                    }
                                    revert(abi.decode(result, (string)));
                                }
                            }
                            function balanceOf(address token) private view returns (uint256) {
                                return IERC20(token).balanceOf(address(this));
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IApproveAndCall
                            function mint(MintParams calldata params) external payable override returns (bytes memory result) {
                                return
                                    callPositionManager(
                                        abi.encodeWithSelector(
                                            INonfungiblePositionManager.mint.selector,
                                            INonfungiblePositionManager.MintParams({
                                                token0: params.token0,
                                                token1: params.token1,
                                                fee: params.fee,
                                                tickLower: params.tickLower,
                                                tickUpper: params.tickUpper,
                                                amount0Desired: balanceOf(params.token0),
                                                amount1Desired: balanceOf(params.token1),
                                                amount0Min: params.amount0Min,
                                                amount1Min: params.amount1Min,
                                                recipient: params.recipient,
                                                deadline: type(uint256).max // deadline should be checked via multicall
                                            })
                                        )
                                    );
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IApproveAndCall
                            function increaseLiquidity(IncreaseLiquidityParams calldata params)
                                external
                                payable
                                override
                                returns (bytes memory result)
                            {
                                return
                                    callPositionManager(
                                        abi.encodeWithSelector(
                                            INonfungiblePositionManager.increaseLiquidity.selector,
                                            INonfungiblePositionManager.IncreaseLiquidityParams({
                                                tokenId: params.tokenId,
                                                amount0Desired: balanceOf(params.token0),
                                                amount1Desired: balanceOf(params.token1),
                                                amount0Min: params.amount0Min,
                                                amount1Min: params.amount1Min,
                                                deadline: type(uint256).max // deadline should be checked via multicall
                                            })
                                        )
                                    );
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/base/Multicall.sol';
                        import '../interfaces/IMulticallExtended.sol';
                        import '../base/PeripheryValidationExtended.sol';
                        /// @title Multicall
                        /// @notice Enables calling multiple methods in a single call to the contract
                        abstract contract MulticallExtended is IMulticallExtended, Multicall, PeripheryValidationExtended {
                            /// @inheritdoc IMulticallExtended
                            function multicall(uint256 deadline, bytes[] calldata data)
                                external
                                payable
                                override
                                checkDeadline(deadline)
                                returns (bytes[] memory)
                            {
                                return multicall(data);
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IMulticallExtended
                            function multicall(bytes32 previousBlockhash, bytes[] calldata data)
                                external
                                payable
                                override
                                checkPreviousBlockhash(previousBlockhash)
                                returns (bytes[] memory)
                            {
                                return multicall(data);
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        pragma solidity ^0.7.0;
                        /**
                         * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
                         */
                        interface IERC20 {
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
                             */
                            function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
                             */
                            function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
                            /**
                             * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
                             *
                             * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                             *
                             * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                             */
                            function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
                             * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
                             * zero by default.
                             *
                             * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
                             */
                            function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
                            /**
                             * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
                             *
                             * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                             *
                             * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
                             * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
                             * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
                             * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
                             * desired value afterwards:
                             * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
                             *
                             * Emits an {Approval} event.
                             */
                            function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
                            /**
                             * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
                             * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
                             * allowance.
                             *
                             * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                             *
                             * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                             */
                            function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
                            /**
                             * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
                             * another (`to`).
                             *
                             * Note that `value` may be zero.
                             */
                            event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
                            /**
                             * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
                             * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
                             */
                            event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                        /**
                         * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
                         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
                         *
                         * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
                         * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on `{IERC20-approve}`, the token holder account doesn't
                         * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
                         */
                        interface IERC20Permit {
                            /**
                             * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over `owner`'s tokens,
                             * given `owner`'s signed approval.
                             *
                             * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
                             * ordering also apply here.
                             *
                             * Emits an {Approval} event.
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
                             * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
                             * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
                             * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
                             * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
                             *
                             * For more information on the signature format, see the
                             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
                             * section].
                             */
                            function permit(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external;
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
                             * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
                             *
                             * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
                             * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
                             */
                            function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for `permit`, as defined by {EIP712}.
                             */
                            // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
                            function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        /// @title Self Permit
                        /// @notice Functionality to call permit on any EIP-2612-compliant token for use in the route
                        interface ISelfPermit {
                            /// @notice Permits this contract to spend a given token from `msg.sender`
                            /// @dev The `owner` is always msg.sender and the `spender` is always address(this).
                            /// @param token The address of the token spent
                            /// @param value The amount that can be spent of token
                            /// @param deadline A timestamp, the current blocktime must be less than or equal to this timestamp
                            /// @param v Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `s`
                            /// @param r Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `v` and `s`
                            /// @param s Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `v`
                            function selfPermit(
                                address token,
                                uint256 value,
                                uint256 deadline,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) external payable;
                            /// @notice Permits this contract to spend a given token from `msg.sender`
                            /// @dev The `owner` is always msg.sender and the `spender` is always address(this).
                            /// Can be used instead of #selfPermit to prevent calls from failing due to a frontrun of a call to #selfPermit
                            /// @param token The address of the token spent
                            /// @param value The amount that can be spent of token
                            /// @param deadline A timestamp, the current blocktime must be less than or equal to this timestamp
                            /// @param v Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `s`
                            /// @param r Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `v` and `s`
                            /// @param s Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `v`
                            function selfPermitIfNecessary(
                                address token,
                                uint256 value,
                                uint256 deadline,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) external payable;
                            /// @notice Permits this contract to spend the sender's tokens for permit signatures that have the `allowed` parameter
                            /// @dev The `owner` is always msg.sender and the `spender` is always address(this)
                            /// @param token The address of the token spent
                            /// @param nonce The current nonce of the owner
                            /// @param expiry The timestamp at which the permit is no longer valid
                            /// @param v Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `s`
                            /// @param r Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `v` and `s`
                            /// @param s Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `v`
                            function selfPermitAllowed(
                                address token,
                                uint256 nonce,
                                uint256 expiry,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) external payable;
                            /// @notice Permits this contract to spend the sender's tokens for permit signatures that have the `allowed` parameter
                            /// @dev The `owner` is always msg.sender and the `spender` is always address(this)
                            /// Can be used instead of #selfPermitAllowed to prevent calls from failing due to a frontrun of a call to #selfPermitAllowed.
                            /// @param token The address of the token spent
                            /// @param nonce The current nonce of the owner
                            /// @param expiry The timestamp at which the permit is no longer valid
                            /// @param v Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `s`
                            /// @param r Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `v` and `s`
                            /// @param s Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `v`
                            function selfPermitAllowedIfNecessary(
                                address token,
                                uint256 nonce,
                                uint256 expiry,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) external payable;
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        /// @title Interface for permit
                        /// @notice Interface used by DAI/CHAI for permit
                        interface IERC20PermitAllowed {
                            /// @notice Approve the spender to spend some tokens via the holder signature
                            /// @dev This is the permit interface used by DAI and CHAI
                            /// @param holder The address of the token holder, the token owner
                            /// @param spender The address of the token spender
                            /// @param nonce The holder's nonce, increases at each call to permit
                            /// @param expiry The timestamp at which the permit is no longer valid
                            /// @param allowed Boolean that sets approval amount, true for type(uint256).max and false for 0
                            /// @param v Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `s`
                            /// @param r Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `v` and `s`
                            /// @param s Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `v`
                            function permit(
                                address holder,
                                address spender,
                                uint256 nonce,
                                uint256 expiry,
                                bool allowed,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) external;
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        /// @title Immutable state
                        /// @notice Functions that return immutable state of the router
                        interface IPeripheryImmutableState {
                            /// @return Returns the address of the Uniswap V3 factory
                            function factory() external view returns (address);
                            /// @return Returns the address of WETH9
                            function WETH9() external view returns (address);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        /// @title Router token swapping functionality
                        /// @notice Functions for swapping tokens via Uniswap V2
                        interface IV2SwapRouter {
                            /// @notice Swaps `amountIn` of one token for as much as possible of another token
                            /// @dev Setting `amountIn` to 0 will cause the contract to look up its own balance,
                            /// and swap the entire amount, enabling contracts to send tokens before calling this function.
                            /// @param amountIn The amount of token to swap
                            /// @param amountOutMin The minimum amount of output that must be received
                            /// @param path The ordered list of tokens to swap through
                            /// @param to The recipient address
                            /// @return amountOut The amount of the received token
                            function swapExactTokensForTokens(
                                uint256 amountIn,
                                uint256 amountOutMin,
                                address[] calldata path,
                                address to
                            ) external payable returns (uint256 amountOut);
                            /// @notice Swaps as little as possible of one token for an exact amount of another token
                            /// @param amountOut The amount of token to swap for
                            /// @param amountInMax The maximum amount of input that the caller will pay
                            /// @param path The ordered list of tokens to swap through
                            /// @param to The recipient address
                            /// @return amountIn The amount of token to pay
                            function swapTokensForExactTokens(
                                uint256 amountOut,
                                uint256 amountInMax,
                                address[] calldata path,
                                address to
                            ) external payable returns (uint256 amountIn);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/callback/IUniswapV3SwapCallback.sol';
                        /// @title Router token swapping functionality
                        /// @notice Functions for swapping tokens via Uniswap V3
                        interface IV3SwapRouter is IUniswapV3SwapCallback {
                            struct ExactInputSingleParams {
                                address tokenIn;
                                address tokenOut;
                                uint24 fee;
                                address recipient;
                                uint256 amountIn;
                                uint256 amountOutMinimum;
                                uint160 sqrtPriceLimitX96;
                            }
                            /// @notice Swaps `amountIn` of one token for as much as possible of another token
                            /// @dev Setting `amountIn` to 0 will cause the contract to look up its own balance,
                            /// and swap the entire amount, enabling contracts to send tokens before calling this function.
                            /// @param params The parameters necessary for the swap, encoded as `ExactInputSingleParams` in calldata
                            /// @return amountOut The amount of the received token
                            function exactInputSingle(ExactInputSingleParams calldata params) external payable returns (uint256 amountOut);
                            struct ExactInputParams {
                                bytes path;
                                address recipient;
                                uint256 amountIn;
                                uint256 amountOutMinimum;
                            }
                            /// @notice Swaps `amountIn` of one token for as much as possible of another along the specified path
                            /// @dev Setting `amountIn` to 0 will cause the contract to look up its own balance,
                            /// and swap the entire amount, enabling contracts to send tokens before calling this function.
                            /// @param params The parameters necessary for the multi-hop swap, encoded as `ExactInputParams` in calldata
                            /// @return amountOut The amount of the received token
                            function exactInput(ExactInputParams calldata params) external payable returns (uint256 amountOut);
                            struct ExactOutputSingleParams {
                                address tokenIn;
                                address tokenOut;
                                uint24 fee;
                                address recipient;
                                uint256 amountOut;
                                uint256 amountInMaximum;
                                uint160 sqrtPriceLimitX96;
                            }
                            /// @notice Swaps as little as possible of one token for `amountOut` of another token
                            /// that may remain in the router after the swap.
                            /// @param params The parameters necessary for the swap, encoded as `ExactOutputSingleParams` in calldata
                            /// @return amountIn The amount of the input token
                            function exactOutputSingle(ExactOutputSingleParams calldata params) external payable returns (uint256 amountIn);
                            struct ExactOutputParams {
                                bytes path;
                                address recipient;
                                uint256 amountOut;
                                uint256 amountInMaximum;
                            }
                            /// @notice Swaps as little as possible of one token for `amountOut` of another along the specified path (reversed)
                            /// that may remain in the router after the swap.
                            /// @param params The parameters necessary for the multi-hop swap, encoded as `ExactOutputParams` in calldata
                            /// @return amountIn The amount of the input token
                            function exactOutput(ExactOutputParams calldata params) external payable returns (uint256 amountIn);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        interface IApproveAndCall {
                            enum ApprovalType {NOT_REQUIRED, MAX, MAX_MINUS_ONE, ZERO_THEN_MAX, ZERO_THEN_MAX_MINUS_ONE}
                            /// @dev Lens to be called off-chain to determine which (if any) of the relevant approval functions should be called
                            /// @param token The token to approve
                            /// @param amount The amount to approve
                            /// @return The required approval type
                            function getApprovalType(address token, uint256 amount) external returns (ApprovalType);
                            /// @notice Approves a token for the maximum possible amount
                            /// @param token The token to approve
                            function approveMax(address token) external payable;
                            /// @notice Approves a token for the maximum possible amount minus one
                            /// @param token The token to approve
                            function approveMaxMinusOne(address token) external payable;
                            /// @notice Approves a token for zero, then the maximum possible amount
                            /// @param token The token to approve
                            function approveZeroThenMax(address token) external payable;
                            /// @notice Approves a token for zero, then the maximum possible amount minus one
                            /// @param token The token to approve
                            function approveZeroThenMaxMinusOne(address token) external payable;
                            /// @notice Calls the position manager with arbitrary calldata
                            /// @param data Calldata to pass along to the position manager
                            /// @return result The result from the call
                            function callPositionManager(bytes memory data) external payable returns (bytes memory result);
                            struct MintParams {
                                address token0;
                                address token1;
                                uint24 fee;
                                int24 tickLower;
                                int24 tickUpper;
                                uint256 amount0Min;
                                uint256 amount1Min;
                                address recipient;
                            }
                            /// @notice Calls the position manager's mint function
                            /// @param params Calldata to pass along to the position manager
                            /// @return result The result from the call
                            function mint(MintParams calldata params) external payable returns (bytes memory result);
                            struct IncreaseLiquidityParams {
                                address token0;
                                address token1;
                                uint256 tokenId;
                                uint256 amount0Min;
                                uint256 amount1Min;
                            }
                            /// @notice Calls the position manager's increaseLiquidity function
                            /// @param params Calldata to pass along to the position manager
                            /// @return result The result from the call
                            function increaseLiquidity(IncreaseLiquidityParams calldata params) external payable returns (bytes memory result);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/interfaces/IMulticall.sol';
                        /// @title MulticallExtended interface
                        /// @notice Enables calling multiple methods in a single call to the contract with optional validation
                        interface IMulticallExtended is IMulticall {
                            /// @notice Call multiple functions in the current contract and return the data from all of them if they all succeed
                            /// @dev The `msg.value` should not be trusted for any method callable from multicall.
                            /// @param deadline The time by which this function must be called before failing
                            /// @param data The encoded function data for each of the calls to make to this contract
                            /// @return results The results from each of the calls passed in via data
                            function multicall(uint256 deadline, bytes[] calldata data) external payable returns (bytes[] memory results);
                            /// @notice Call multiple functions in the current contract and return the data from all of them if they all succeed
                            /// @dev The `msg.value` should not be trusted for any method callable from multicall.
                            /// @param previousBlockhash The expected parent blockHash
                            /// @param data The encoded function data for each of the calls to make to this contract
                            /// @return results The results from each of the calls passed in via data
                            function multicall(bytes32 previousBlockhash, bytes[] calldata data)
                                external
                                payable
                                returns (bytes[] memory results);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        /// @title Callback for IUniswapV3PoolActions#swap
                        /// @notice Any contract that calls IUniswapV3PoolActions#swap must implement this interface
                        interface IUniswapV3SwapCallback {
                            /// @notice Called to `msg.sender` after executing a swap via IUniswapV3Pool#swap.
                            /// @dev In the implementation you must pay the pool tokens owed for the swap.
                            /// The caller of this method must be checked to be a UniswapV3Pool deployed by the canonical UniswapV3Factory.
                            /// amount0Delta and amount1Delta can both be 0 if no tokens were swapped.
                            /// @param amount0Delta The amount of token0 that was sent (negative) or must be received (positive) by the pool by
                            /// the end of the swap. If positive, the callback must send that amount of token0 to the pool.
                            /// @param amount1Delta The amount of token1 that was sent (negative) or must be received (positive) by the pool by
                            /// the end of the swap. If positive, the callback must send that amount of token1 to the pool.
                            /// @param data Any data passed through by the caller via the IUniswapV3PoolActions#swap call
                            function uniswapV3SwapCallback(
                                int256 amount0Delta,
                                int256 amount1Delta,
                                bytes calldata data
                            ) external;
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        /// @title Multicall interface
                        /// @notice Enables calling multiple methods in a single call to the contract
                        interface IMulticall {
                            /// @notice Call multiple functions in the current contract and return the data from all of them if they all succeed
                            /// @dev The `msg.value` should not be trusted for any method callable from multicall.
                            /// @param data The encoded function data for each of the calls to make to this contract
                            /// @return results The results from each of the calls passed in via data
                            function multicall(bytes[] calldata data) external payable returns (bytes[] memory results);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.0;
                        /// @title Optimized overflow and underflow safe math operations
                        /// @notice Contains methods for doing math operations that revert on overflow or underflow for minimal gas cost
                        library LowGasSafeMath {
                            /// @notice Returns x + y, reverts if sum overflows uint256
                            /// @param x The augend
                            /// @param y The addend
                            /// @return z The sum of x and y
                            function add(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
                                require((z = x + y) >= x);
                            }
                            /// @notice Returns x - y, reverts if underflows
                            /// @param x The minuend
                            /// @param y The subtrahend
                            /// @return z The difference of x and y
                            function sub(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
                                require((z = x - y) <= x);
                            }
                            /// @notice Returns x * y, reverts if overflows
                            /// @param x The multiplicand
                            /// @param y The multiplier
                            /// @return z The product of x and y
                            function mul(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
                                require(x == 0 || (z = x * y) / x == y);
                            }
                            /// @notice Returns x + y, reverts if overflows or underflows
                            /// @param x The augend
                            /// @param y The addend
                            /// @return z The sum of x and y
                            function add(int256 x, int256 y) internal pure returns (int256 z) {
                                require((z = x + y) >= x == (y >= 0));
                            }
                            /// @notice Returns x - y, reverts if overflows or underflows
                            /// @param x The minuend
                            /// @param y The subtrahend
                            /// @return z The difference of x and y
                            function sub(int256 x, int256 y) internal pure returns (int256 z) {
                                require((z = x - y) <= x == (y >= 0));
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        import '../interfaces/IImmutableState.sol';
                        /// @title Immutable state
                        /// @notice Immutable state used by the swap router
                        abstract contract ImmutableState is IImmutableState {
                            /// @inheritdoc IImmutableState
                            address public immutable override factoryV2;
                            /// @inheritdoc IImmutableState
                            address public immutable override positionManager;
                            constructor(address _factoryV2, address _positionManager) {
                                factoryV2 = _factoryV2;
                                positionManager = _positionManager;
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/base/PeripheryPaymentsWithFee.sol';
                        import '../interfaces/IPeripheryPaymentsWithFeeExtended.sol';
                        import './PeripheryPaymentsExtended.sol';
                        abstract contract PeripheryPaymentsWithFeeExtended is
                            IPeripheryPaymentsWithFeeExtended,
                            PeripheryPaymentsExtended,
                            PeripheryPaymentsWithFee
                        {
                            /// @inheritdoc IPeripheryPaymentsWithFeeExtended
                            function unwrapWETH9WithFee(
                                uint256 amountMinimum,
                                uint256 feeBips,
                                address feeRecipient
                            ) external payable override {
                                unwrapWETH9WithFee(amountMinimum, msg.sender, feeBips, feeRecipient);
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IPeripheryPaymentsWithFeeExtended
                            function sweepTokenWithFee(
                                address token,
                                uint256 amountMinimum,
                                uint256 feeBips,
                                address feeRecipient
                            ) external payable override {
                                sweepTokenWithFee(token, amountMinimum, msg.sender, feeBips, feeRecipient);
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        /// @title Constant state
                        /// @notice Constant state used by the swap router
                        library Constants {
                            /// @dev Used for identifying cases when this contract's balance of a token is to be used
                            uint256 internal constant CONTRACT_BALANCE = 0;
                            /// @dev Used as a flag for identifying msg.sender, saves gas by sending more 0 bytes
                            address internal constant MSG_SENDER = address(1);
                            /// @dev Used as a flag for identifying address(this), saves gas by sending more 0 bytes
                            address internal constant ADDRESS_THIS = address(2);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        import '@uniswap/v2-core/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Pair.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/libraries/LowGasSafeMath.sol';
                        library UniswapV2Library {
                            using LowGasSafeMath for uint256;
                            // returns sorted token addresses, used to handle return values from pairs sorted in this order
                            function sortTokens(address tokenA, address tokenB) internal pure returns (address token0, address token1) {
                                require(tokenA != tokenB);
                                (token0, token1) = tokenA < tokenB ? (tokenA, tokenB) : (tokenB, tokenA);
                                require(token0 != address(0));
                            }
                            // calculates the CREATE2 address for a pair without making any external calls
                            function pairFor(
                                address factory,
                                address tokenA,
                                address tokenB
                            ) internal pure returns (address pair) {
                                (address token0, address token1) = sortTokens(tokenA, tokenB);
                                pair = address(
                                    uint256(
                                        keccak256(
                                            abi.encodePacked(
                                                hex'ff',
                                                factory,
                                                keccak256(abi.encodePacked(token0, token1)),
                                                hex'96e8ac4277198ff8b6f785478aa9a39f403cb768dd02cbee326c3e7da348845f' // init code hash
                                            )
                                        )
                                    )
                                );
                            }
                            // fetches and sorts the reserves for a pair
                            function getReserves(
                                address factory,
                                address tokenA,
                                address tokenB
                            ) internal view returns (uint256 reserveA, uint256 reserveB) {
                                (address token0, ) = sortTokens(tokenA, tokenB);
                                (uint256 reserve0, uint256 reserve1, ) = IUniswapV2Pair(pairFor(factory, tokenA, tokenB)).getReserves();
                                (reserveA, reserveB) = tokenA == token0 ? (reserve0, reserve1) : (reserve1, reserve0);
                            }
                            // given an input amount of an asset and pair reserves, returns the maximum output amount of the other asset
                            function getAmountOut(
                                uint256 amountIn,
                                uint256 reserveIn,
                                uint256 reserveOut
                            ) internal pure returns (uint256 amountOut) {
                                require(amountIn > 0, 'INSUFFICIENT_INPUT_AMOUNT');
                                require(reserveIn > 0 && reserveOut > 0);
                                uint256 amountInWithFee = amountIn.mul(997);
                                uint256 numerator = amountInWithFee.mul(reserveOut);
                                uint256 denominator = reserveIn.mul(1000).add(amountInWithFee);
                                amountOut = numerator / denominator;
                            }
                            // given an output amount of an asset and pair reserves, returns a required input amount of the other asset
                            function getAmountIn(
                                uint256 amountOut,
                                uint256 reserveIn,
                                uint256 reserveOut
                            ) internal pure returns (uint256 amountIn) {
                                require(amountOut > 0, 'INSUFFICIENT_OUTPUT_AMOUNT');
                                require(reserveIn > 0 && reserveOut > 0);
                                uint256 numerator = reserveIn.mul(amountOut).mul(1000);
                                uint256 denominator = reserveOut.sub(amountOut).mul(997);
                                amountIn = (numerator / denominator).add(1);
                            }
                            // performs chained getAmountIn calculations on any number of pairs
                            function getAmountsIn(
                                address factory,
                                uint256 amountOut,
                                address[] memory path
                            ) internal view returns (uint256[] memory amounts) {
                                require(path.length >= 2);
                                amounts = new uint256[](path.length);
                                amounts[amounts.length - 1] = amountOut;
                                for (uint256 i = path.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
                                    (uint256 reserveIn, uint256 reserveOut) = getReserves(factory, path[i - 1], path[i]);
                                    amounts[i - 1] = getAmountIn(amounts[i], reserveIn, reserveOut);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        /// @title Immutable state
                        /// @notice Functions that return immutable state of the router
                        interface IImmutableState {
                            /// @return Returns the address of the Uniswap V2 factory
                            function factoryV2() external view returns (address);
                            /// @return Returns the address of Uniswap V3 NFT position manager
                            function positionManager() external view returns (address);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/libraries/LowGasSafeMath.sol';
                        import './PeripheryPayments.sol';
                        import '../interfaces/IPeripheryPaymentsWithFee.sol';
                        import '../interfaces/external/IWETH9.sol';
                        import '../libraries/TransferHelper.sol';
                        abstract contract PeripheryPaymentsWithFee is PeripheryPayments, IPeripheryPaymentsWithFee {
                            using LowGasSafeMath for uint256;
                            /// @inheritdoc IPeripheryPaymentsWithFee
                            function unwrapWETH9WithFee(
                                uint256 amountMinimum,
                                address recipient,
                                uint256 feeBips,
                                address feeRecipient
                            ) public payable override {
                                require(feeBips > 0 && feeBips <= 100);
                                uint256 balanceWETH9 = IWETH9(WETH9).balanceOf(address(this));
                                require(balanceWETH9 >= amountMinimum, 'Insufficient WETH9');
                                if (balanceWETH9 > 0) {
                                    IWETH9(WETH9).withdraw(balanceWETH9);
                                    uint256 feeAmount = balanceWETH9.mul(feeBips) / 10_000;
                                    if (feeAmount > 0) TransferHelper.safeTransferETH(feeRecipient, feeAmount);
                                    TransferHelper.safeTransferETH(recipient, balanceWETH9 - feeAmount);
                                }
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IPeripheryPaymentsWithFee
                            function sweepTokenWithFee(
                                address token,
                                uint256 amountMinimum,
                                address recipient,
                                uint256 feeBips,
                                address feeRecipient
                            ) public payable override {
                                require(feeBips > 0 && feeBips <= 100);
                                uint256 balanceToken = IERC20(token).balanceOf(address(this));
                                require(balanceToken >= amountMinimum, 'Insufficient token');
                                if (balanceToken > 0) {
                                    uint256 feeAmount = balanceToken.mul(feeBips) / 10_000;
                                    if (feeAmount > 0) TransferHelper.safeTransfer(token, feeRecipient, feeAmount);
                                    TransferHelper.safeTransfer(token, recipient, balanceToken - feeAmount);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/interfaces/IPeripheryPaymentsWithFee.sol';
                        import './IPeripheryPaymentsExtended.sol';
                        /// @title Periphery Payments With Fee Extended
                        /// @notice Functions to ease deposits and withdrawals of ETH
                        interface IPeripheryPaymentsWithFeeExtended is IPeripheryPaymentsExtended, IPeripheryPaymentsWithFee {
                            /// @notice Unwraps the contract's WETH9 balance and sends it to msg.sender as ETH, with a percentage between
                            /// 0 (exclusive), and 1 (inclusive) going to feeRecipient
                            /// @dev The amountMinimum parameter prevents malicious contracts from stealing WETH9 from users.
                            function unwrapWETH9WithFee(
                                uint256 amountMinimum,
                                uint256 feeBips,
                                address feeRecipient
                            ) external payable;
                            /// @notice Transfers the full amount of a token held by this contract to msg.sender, with a percentage between
                            /// 0 (exclusive) and 1 (inclusive) going to feeRecipient
                            /// @dev The amountMinimum parameter prevents malicious contracts from stealing the token from users
                            function sweepTokenWithFee(
                                address token,
                                uint256 amountMinimum,
                                uint256 feeBips,
                                address feeRecipient
                            ) external payable;
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/base/PeripheryPayments.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/libraries/TransferHelper.sol';
                        import '../interfaces/IPeripheryPaymentsExtended.sol';
                        abstract contract PeripheryPaymentsExtended is IPeripheryPaymentsExtended, PeripheryPayments {
                            /// @inheritdoc IPeripheryPaymentsExtended
                            function unwrapWETH9(uint256 amountMinimum) external payable override {
                                unwrapWETH9(amountMinimum, msg.sender);
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IPeripheryPaymentsExtended
                            function wrapETH(uint256 value) external payable override {
                                IWETH9(WETH9).deposit{value: value}();
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IPeripheryPaymentsExtended
                            function sweepToken(address token, uint256 amountMinimum) external payable override {
                                sweepToken(token, amountMinimum, msg.sender);
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IPeripheryPaymentsExtended
                            function pull(address token, uint256 value) external payable override {
                                TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(token, msg.sender, address(this), value);
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol';
                        import '../interfaces/IPeripheryPayments.sol';
                        import '../interfaces/external/IWETH9.sol';
                        import '../libraries/TransferHelper.sol';
                        import './PeripheryImmutableState.sol';
                        abstract contract PeripheryPayments is IPeripheryPayments, PeripheryImmutableState {
                            receive() external payable {
                                require(msg.sender == WETH9, 'Not WETH9');
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IPeripheryPayments
                            function unwrapWETH9(uint256 amountMinimum, address recipient) public payable override {
                                uint256 balanceWETH9 = IWETH9(WETH9).balanceOf(address(this));
                                require(balanceWETH9 >= amountMinimum, 'Insufficient WETH9');
                                if (balanceWETH9 > 0) {
                                    IWETH9(WETH9).withdraw(balanceWETH9);
                                    TransferHelper.safeTransferETH(recipient, balanceWETH9);
                                }
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IPeripheryPayments
                            function sweepToken(
                                address token,
                                uint256 amountMinimum,
                                address recipient
                            ) public payable override {
                                uint256 balanceToken = IERC20(token).balanceOf(address(this));
                                require(balanceToken >= amountMinimum, 'Insufficient token');
                                if (balanceToken > 0) {
                                    TransferHelper.safeTransfer(token, recipient, balanceToken);
                                }
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IPeripheryPayments
                            function refundETH() external payable override {
                                if (address(this).balance > 0) TransferHelper.safeTransferETH(msg.sender, address(this).balance);
                            }
                            /// @param token The token to pay
                            /// @param payer The entity that must pay
                            /// @param recipient The entity that will receive payment
                            /// @param value The amount to pay
                            function pay(
                                address token,
                                address payer,
                                address recipient,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal {
                                if (token == WETH9 && address(this).balance >= value) {
                                    // pay with WETH9
                                    IWETH9(WETH9).deposit{value: value}(); // wrap only what is needed to pay
                                    IWETH9(WETH9).transfer(recipient, value);
                                } else if (payer == address(this)) {
                                    // pay with tokens already in the contract (for the exact input multihop case)
                                    TransferHelper.safeTransfer(token, recipient, value);
                                } else {
                                    // pull payment
                                    TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(token, payer, recipient, value);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        import './IPeripheryPayments.sol';
                        /// @title Periphery Payments
                        /// @notice Functions to ease deposits and withdrawals of ETH
                        interface IPeripheryPaymentsWithFee is IPeripheryPayments {
                            /// @notice Unwraps the contract's WETH9 balance and sends it to recipient as ETH, with a percentage between
                            /// 0 (exclusive), and 1 (inclusive) going to feeRecipient
                            /// @dev The amountMinimum parameter prevents malicious contracts from stealing WETH9 from users.
                            function unwrapWETH9WithFee(
                                uint256 amountMinimum,
                                address recipient,
                                uint256 feeBips,
                                address feeRecipient
                            ) external payable;
                            /// @notice Transfers the full amount of a token held by this contract to recipient, with a percentage between
                            /// 0 (exclusive) and 1 (inclusive) going to feeRecipient
                            /// @dev The amountMinimum parameter prevents malicious contracts from stealing the token from users
                            function sweepTokenWithFee(
                                address token,
                                uint256 amountMinimum,
                                address recipient,
                                uint256 feeBips,
                                address feeRecipient
                            ) external payable;
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol';
                        /// @title Interface for WETH9
                        interface IWETH9 is IERC20 {
                            /// @notice Deposit ether to get wrapped ether
                            function deposit() external payable;
                            /// @notice Withdraw wrapped ether to get ether
                            function withdraw(uint256) external;
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.6.0;
                        import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol';
                        library TransferHelper {
                            /// @notice Transfers tokens from the targeted address to the given destination
                            /// @notice Errors with 'STF' if transfer fails
                            /// @param token The contract address of the token to be transferred
                            /// @param from The originating address from which the tokens will be transferred
                            /// @param to The destination address of the transfer
                            /// @param value The amount to be transferred
                            function safeTransferFrom(
                                address token,
                                address from,
                                address to,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal {
                                (bool success, bytes memory data) =
                                    token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(IERC20.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
                                require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'STF');
                            }
                            /// @notice Transfers tokens from msg.sender to a recipient
                            /// @dev Errors with ST if transfer fails
                            /// @param token The contract address of the token which will be transferred
                            /// @param to The recipient of the transfer
                            /// @param value The value of the transfer
                            function safeTransfer(
                                address token,
                                address to,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal {
                                (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(IERC20.transfer.selector, to, value));
                                require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'ST');
                            }
                            /// @notice Approves the stipulated contract to spend the given allowance in the given token
                            /// @dev Errors with 'SA' if transfer fails
                            /// @param token The contract address of the token to be approved
                            /// @param to The target of the approval
                            /// @param value The amount of the given token the target will be allowed to spend
                            function safeApprove(
                                address token,
                                address to,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal {
                                (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(IERC20.approve.selector, to, value));
                                require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'SA');
                            }
                            /// @notice Transfers ETH to the recipient address
                            /// @dev Fails with `STE`
                            /// @param to The destination of the transfer
                            /// @param value The value to be transferred
                            function safeTransferETH(address to, uint256 value) internal {
                                (bool success, ) = to.call{value: value}(new bytes(0));
                                require(success, 'STE');
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        /// @title Periphery Payments
                        /// @notice Functions to ease deposits and withdrawals of ETH
                        interface IPeripheryPayments {
                            /// @notice Unwraps the contract's WETH9 balance and sends it to recipient as ETH.
                            /// @dev The amountMinimum parameter prevents malicious contracts from stealing WETH9 from users.
                            /// @param amountMinimum The minimum amount of WETH9 to unwrap
                            /// @param recipient The address receiving ETH
                            function unwrapWETH9(uint256 amountMinimum, address recipient) external payable;
                            /// @notice Refunds any ETH balance held by this contract to the `msg.sender`
                            /// @dev Useful for bundling with mint or increase liquidity that uses ether, or exact output swaps
                            /// that use ether for the input amount
                            function refundETH() external payable;
                            /// @notice Transfers the full amount of a token held by this contract to recipient
                            /// @dev The amountMinimum parameter prevents malicious contracts from stealing the token from users
                            /// @param token The contract address of the token which will be transferred to `recipient`
                            /// @param amountMinimum The minimum amount of token required for a transfer
                            /// @param recipient The destination address of the token
                            function sweepToken(
                                address token,
                                uint256 amountMinimum,
                                address recipient
                            ) external payable;
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/interfaces/IPeripheryPayments.sol';
                        /// @title Periphery Payments Extended
                        /// @notice Functions to ease deposits and withdrawals of ETH and tokens
                        interface IPeripheryPaymentsExtended is IPeripheryPayments {
                            /// @notice Unwraps the contract's WETH9 balance and sends it to msg.sender as ETH.
                            /// @dev The amountMinimum parameter prevents malicious contracts from stealing WETH9 from users.
                            /// @param amountMinimum The minimum amount of WETH9 to unwrap
                            function unwrapWETH9(uint256 amountMinimum) external payable;
                            /// @notice Wraps the contract's ETH balance into WETH9
                            /// @dev The resulting WETH9 is custodied by the router, thus will require further distribution
                            /// @param value The amount of ETH to wrap
                            function wrapETH(uint256 value) external payable;
                            /// @notice Transfers the full amount of a token held by this contract to msg.sender
                            /// @dev The amountMinimum parameter prevents malicious contracts from stealing the token from users
                            /// @param token The contract address of the token which will be transferred to msg.sender
                            /// @param amountMinimum The minimum amount of token required for a transfer
                            function sweepToken(address token, uint256 amountMinimum) external payable;
                            /// @notice Transfers the specified amount of a token from the msg.sender to address(this)
                            /// @param token The token to pull
                            /// @param value The amount to pay
                            function pull(address token, uint256 value) external payable;
                        }
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        interface IUniswapV2Pair {
                            event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
                            event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);
                            function name() external pure returns (string memory);
                            function symbol() external pure returns (string memory);
                            function decimals() external pure returns (uint8);
                            function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);
                            function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint);
                            function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint);
                            function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool);
                            function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
                            function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
                            function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
                            function PERMIT_TYPEHASH() external pure returns (bytes32);
                            function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint);
                            function permit(address owner, address spender, uint value, uint deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external;
                            event Mint(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1);
                            event Burn(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1, address indexed to);
                            event Swap(
                                address indexed sender,
                                uint amount0In,
                                uint amount1In,
                                uint amount0Out,
                                uint amount1Out,
                                address indexed to
                            );
                            event Sync(uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1);
                            function MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY() external pure returns (uint);
                            function factory() external view returns (address);
                            function token0() external view returns (address);
                            function token1() external view returns (address);
                            function getReserves() external view returns (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1, uint32 blockTimestampLast);
                            function price0CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
                            function price1CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
                            function kLast() external view returns (uint);
                            function mint(address to) external returns (uint liquidity);
                            function burn(address to) external returns (uint amount0, uint amount1);
                            function swap(uint amount0Out, uint amount1Out, address to, bytes calldata data) external;
                            function skim(address to) external;
                            function sync() external;
                            function initialize(address, address) external;
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        /// @title Safe casting methods
                        /// @notice Contains methods for safely casting between types
                        library SafeCast {
                            /// @notice Cast a uint256 to a uint160, revert on overflow
                            /// @param y The uint256 to be downcasted
                            /// @return z The downcasted integer, now type uint160
                            function toUint160(uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint160 z) {
                                require((z = uint160(y)) == y);
                            }
                            /// @notice Cast a int256 to a int128, revert on overflow or underflow
                            /// @param y The int256 to be downcasted
                            /// @return z The downcasted integer, now type int128
                            function toInt128(int256 y) internal pure returns (int128 z) {
                                require((z = int128(y)) == y);
                            }
                            /// @notice Cast a uint256 to a int256, revert on overflow
                            /// @param y The uint256 to be casted
                            /// @return z The casted integer, now type int256
                            function toInt256(uint256 y) internal pure returns (int256 z) {
                                require(y < 2**255);
                                z = int256(y);
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        /// @title Math library for computing sqrt prices from ticks and vice versa
                        /// @notice Computes sqrt price for ticks of size 1.0001, i.e. sqrt(1.0001^tick) as fixed point Q64.96 numbers. Supports
                        /// prices between 2**-128 and 2**128
                        library TickMath {
                            /// @dev The minimum tick that may be passed to #getSqrtRatioAtTick computed from log base 1.0001 of 2**-128
                            int24 internal constant MIN_TICK = -887272;
                            /// @dev The maximum tick that may be passed to #getSqrtRatioAtTick computed from log base 1.0001 of 2**128
                            int24 internal constant MAX_TICK = -MIN_TICK;
                            /// @dev The minimum value that can be returned from #getSqrtRatioAtTick. Equivalent to getSqrtRatioAtTick(MIN_TICK)
                            uint160 internal constant MIN_SQRT_RATIO = 4295128739;
                            /// @dev The maximum value that can be returned from #getSqrtRatioAtTick. Equivalent to getSqrtRatioAtTick(MAX_TICK)
                            uint160 internal constant MAX_SQRT_RATIO = 1461446703485210103287273052203988822378723970342;
                            /// @notice Calculates sqrt(1.0001^tick) * 2^96
                            /// @dev Throws if |tick| > max tick
                            /// @param tick The input tick for the above formula
                            /// @return sqrtPriceX96 A Fixed point Q64.96 number representing the sqrt of the ratio of the two assets (token1/token0)
                            /// at the given tick
                            function getSqrtRatioAtTick(int24 tick) internal pure returns (uint160 sqrtPriceX96) {
                                uint256 absTick = tick < 0 ? uint256(-int256(tick)) : uint256(int256(tick));
                                require(absTick <= uint256(MAX_TICK), 'T');
                                uint256 ratio = absTick & 0x1 != 0 ? 0xfffcb933bd6fad37aa2d162d1a594001 : 0x100000000000000000000000000000000;
                                if (absTick & 0x2 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0xfff97272373d413259a46990580e213a) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x4 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0xfff2e50f5f656932ef12357cf3c7fdcc) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x8 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0xffe5caca7e10e4e61c3624eaa0941cd0) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x10 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0xffcb9843d60f6159c9db58835c926644) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x20 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0xff973b41fa98c081472e6896dfb254c0) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x40 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0xff2ea16466c96a3843ec78b326b52861) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x80 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0xfe5dee046a99a2a811c461f1969c3053) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x100 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0xfcbe86c7900a88aedcffc83b479aa3a4) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x200 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0xf987a7253ac413176f2b074cf7815e54) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x400 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0xf3392b0822b70005940c7a398e4b70f3) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x800 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0xe7159475a2c29b7443b29c7fa6e889d9) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x1000 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0xd097f3bdfd2022b8845ad8f792aa5825) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x2000 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0xa9f746462d870fdf8a65dc1f90e061e5) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x4000 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0x70d869a156d2a1b890bb3df62baf32f7) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x8000 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0x31be135f97d08fd981231505542fcfa6) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x10000 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0x9aa508b5b7a84e1c677de54f3e99bc9) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x20000 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0x5d6af8dedb81196699c329225ee604) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x40000 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0x2216e584f5fa1ea926041bedfe98) >> 128;
                                if (absTick & 0x80000 != 0) ratio = (ratio * 0x48a170391f7dc42444e8fa2) >> 128;
                                if (tick > 0) ratio = type(uint256).max / ratio;
                                // this divides by 1<<32 rounding up to go from a Q128.128 to a Q128.96.
                                // we then downcast because we know the result always fits within 160 bits due to our tick input constraint
                                // we round up in the division so getTickAtSqrtRatio of the output price is always consistent
                                sqrtPriceX96 = uint160((ratio >> 32) + (ratio % (1 << 32) == 0 ? 0 : 1));
                            }
                            /// @notice Calculates the greatest tick value such that getRatioAtTick(tick) <= ratio
                            /// @dev Throws in case sqrtPriceX96 < MIN_SQRT_RATIO, as MIN_SQRT_RATIO is the lowest value getRatioAtTick may
                            /// ever return.
                            /// @param sqrtPriceX96 The sqrt ratio for which to compute the tick as a Q64.96
                            /// @return tick The greatest tick for which the ratio is less than or equal to the input ratio
                            function getTickAtSqrtRatio(uint160 sqrtPriceX96) internal pure returns (int24 tick) {
                                // second inequality must be < because the price can never reach the price at the max tick
                                require(sqrtPriceX96 >= MIN_SQRT_RATIO && sqrtPriceX96 < MAX_SQRT_RATIO, 'R');
                                uint256 ratio = uint256(sqrtPriceX96) << 32;
                                uint256 r = ratio;
                                uint256 msb = 0;
                                assembly {
                                    let f := shl(7, gt(r, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF))
                                    msb := or(msb, f)
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    let f := shl(6, gt(r, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF))
                                    msb := or(msb, f)
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    let f := shl(5, gt(r, 0xFFFFFFFF))
                                    msb := or(msb, f)
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    let f := shl(4, gt(r, 0xFFFF))
                                    msb := or(msb, f)
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    let f := shl(3, gt(r, 0xFF))
                                    msb := or(msb, f)
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    let f := shl(2, gt(r, 0xF))
                                    msb := or(msb, f)
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    let f := shl(1, gt(r, 0x3))
                                    msb := or(msb, f)
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    let f := gt(r, 0x1)
                                    msb := or(msb, f)
                                }
                                if (msb >= 128) r = ratio >> (msb - 127);
                                else r = ratio << (127 - msb);
                                int256 log_2 = (int256(msb) - 128) << 64;
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(63, f))
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(62, f))
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(61, f))
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(60, f))
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(59, f))
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(58, f))
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(57, f))
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(56, f))
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(55, f))
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(54, f))
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(53, f))
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(52, f))
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(51, f))
                                    r := shr(f, r)
                                }
                                assembly {
                                    r := shr(127, mul(r, r))
                                    let f := shr(128, r)
                                    log_2 := or(log_2, shl(50, f))
                                }
                                int256 log_sqrt10001 = log_2 * 255738958999603826347141; // 128.128 number
                                int24 tickLow = int24((log_sqrt10001 - 3402992956809132418596140100660247210) >> 128);
                                int24 tickHi = int24((log_sqrt10001 + 291339464771989622907027621153398088495) >> 128);
                                tick = tickLow == tickHi ? tickLow : getSqrtRatioAtTick(tickHi) <= sqrtPriceX96 ? tickHi : tickLow;
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        import './pool/IUniswapV3PoolImmutables.sol';
                        import './pool/IUniswapV3PoolState.sol';
                        import './pool/IUniswapV3PoolDerivedState.sol';
                        import './pool/IUniswapV3PoolActions.sol';
                        import './pool/IUniswapV3PoolOwnerActions.sol';
                        import './pool/IUniswapV3PoolEvents.sol';
                        /// @title The interface for a Uniswap V3 Pool
                        /// @notice A Uniswap pool facilitates swapping and automated market making between any two assets that strictly conform
                        /// to the ERC20 specification
                        /// @dev The pool interface is broken up into many smaller pieces
                        interface IUniswapV3Pool is
                            IUniswapV3PoolImmutables,
                            IUniswapV3PoolState,
                            IUniswapV3PoolDerivedState,
                            IUniswapV3PoolActions,
                            IUniswapV3PoolOwnerActions,
                            IUniswapV3PoolEvents
                        {
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.6.0;
                        import './BytesLib.sol';
                        /// @title Functions for manipulating path data for multihop swaps
                        library Path {
                            using BytesLib for bytes;
                            /// @dev The length of the bytes encoded address
                            uint256 private constant ADDR_SIZE = 20;
                            /// @dev The length of the bytes encoded fee
                            uint256 private constant FEE_SIZE = 3;
                            /// @dev The offset of a single token address and pool fee
                            uint256 private constant NEXT_OFFSET = ADDR_SIZE + FEE_SIZE;
                            /// @dev The offset of an encoded pool key
                            uint256 private constant POP_OFFSET = NEXT_OFFSET + ADDR_SIZE;
                            /// @dev The minimum length of an encoding that contains 2 or more pools
                            uint256 private constant MULTIPLE_POOLS_MIN_LENGTH = POP_OFFSET + NEXT_OFFSET;
                            /// @notice Returns true iff the path contains two or more pools
                            /// @param path The encoded swap path
                            /// @return True if path contains two or more pools, otherwise false
                            function hasMultiplePools(bytes memory path) internal pure returns (bool) {
                                return path.length >= MULTIPLE_POOLS_MIN_LENGTH;
                            }
                            /// @notice Returns the number of pools in the path
                            /// @param path The encoded swap path
                            /// @return The number of pools in the path
                            function numPools(bytes memory path) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                // Ignore the first token address. From then on every fee and token offset indicates a pool.
                                return ((path.length - ADDR_SIZE) / NEXT_OFFSET);
                            }
                            /// @notice Decodes the first pool in path
                            /// @param path The bytes encoded swap path
                            /// @return tokenA The first token of the given pool
                            /// @return tokenB The second token of the given pool
                            /// @return fee The fee level of the pool
                            function decodeFirstPool(bytes memory path)
                                internal
                                pure
                                returns (
                                    address tokenA,
                                    address tokenB,
                                    uint24 fee
                                )
                            {
                                tokenA = path.toAddress(0);
                                fee = path.toUint24(ADDR_SIZE);
                                tokenB = path.toAddress(NEXT_OFFSET);
                            }
                            /// @notice Gets the segment corresponding to the first pool in the path
                            /// @param path The bytes encoded swap path
                            /// @return The segment containing all data necessary to target the first pool in the path
                            function getFirstPool(bytes memory path) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                                return path.slice(0, POP_OFFSET);
                            }
                            /// @notice Skips a token + fee element from the buffer and returns the remainder
                            /// @param path The swap path
                            /// @return The remaining token + fee elements in the path
                            function skipToken(bytes memory path) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                                return path.slice(NEXT_OFFSET, path.length - NEXT_OFFSET);
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        /// @title Provides functions for deriving a pool address from the factory, tokens, and the fee
                        library PoolAddress {
                            bytes32 internal constant POOL_INIT_CODE_HASH = 0xe34f199b19b2b4f47f68442619d555527d244f78a3297ea89325f843f87b8b54;
                            /// @notice The identifying key of the pool
                            struct PoolKey {
                                address token0;
                                address token1;
                                uint24 fee;
                            }
                            /// @notice Returns PoolKey: the ordered tokens with the matched fee levels
                            /// @param tokenA The first token of a pool, unsorted
                            /// @param tokenB The second token of a pool, unsorted
                            /// @param fee The fee level of the pool
                            /// @return Poolkey The pool details with ordered token0 and token1 assignments
                            function getPoolKey(
                                address tokenA,
                                address tokenB,
                                uint24 fee
                            ) internal pure returns (PoolKey memory) {
                                if (tokenA > tokenB) (tokenA, tokenB) = (tokenB, tokenA);
                                return PoolKey({token0: tokenA, token1: tokenB, fee: fee});
                            }
                            /// @notice Deterministically computes the pool address given the factory and PoolKey
                            /// @param factory The Uniswap V3 factory contract address
                            /// @param key The PoolKey
                            /// @return pool The contract address of the V3 pool
                            function computeAddress(address factory, PoolKey memory key) internal pure returns (address pool) {
                                require(key.token0 < key.token1);
                                pool = address(
                                    uint256(
                                        keccak256(
                                            abi.encodePacked(
                                                hex'ff',
                                                factory,
                                                keccak256(abi.encode(key.token0, key.token1, key.fee)),
                                                POOL_INIT_CODE_HASH
                                            )
                                        )
                                    )
                                );
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV3Pool.sol';
                        import './PoolAddress.sol';
                        /// @notice Provides validation for callbacks from Uniswap V3 Pools
                        library CallbackValidation {
                            /// @notice Returns the address of a valid Uniswap V3 Pool
                            /// @param factory The contract address of the Uniswap V3 factory
                            /// @param tokenA The contract address of either token0 or token1
                            /// @param tokenB The contract address of the other token
                            /// @param fee The fee collected upon every swap in the pool, denominated in hundredths of a bip
                            /// @return pool The V3 pool contract address
                            function verifyCallback(
                                address factory,
                                address tokenA,
                                address tokenB,
                                uint24 fee
                            ) internal view returns (IUniswapV3Pool pool) {
                                return verifyCallback(factory, PoolAddress.getPoolKey(tokenA, tokenB, fee));
                            }
                            /// @notice Returns the address of a valid Uniswap V3 Pool
                            /// @param factory The contract address of the Uniswap V3 factory
                            /// @param poolKey The identifying key of the V3 pool
                            /// @return pool The V3 pool contract address
                            function verifyCallback(address factory, PoolAddress.PoolKey memory poolKey)
                                internal
                                view
                                returns (IUniswapV3Pool pool)
                            {
                                pool = IUniswapV3Pool(PoolAddress.computeAddress(factory, poolKey));
                                require(msg.sender == address(pool));
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        import '../interfaces/IOracleSlippage.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/base/PeripheryImmutableState.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/base/BlockTimestamp.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/libraries/Path.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/libraries/PoolAddress.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV3Pool.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/libraries/OracleLibrary.sol';
                        abstract contract OracleSlippage is IOracleSlippage, PeripheryImmutableState, BlockTimestamp {
                            using Path for bytes;
                            /// @dev Returns the tick as of the beginning of the current block, and as of right now, for the given pool.
                            function getBlockStartingAndCurrentTick(IUniswapV3Pool pool)
                                internal
                                view
                                returns (int24 blockStartingTick, int24 currentTick)
                            {
                                uint16 observationIndex;
                                uint16 observationCardinality;
                                (, currentTick, observationIndex, observationCardinality, , , ) = pool.slot0();
                                // 2 observations are needed to reliably calculate the block starting tick
                                require(observationCardinality > 1, 'NEO');
                                // If the latest observation occurred in the past, then no tick-changing trades have happened in this block
                                // therefore the tick in `slot0` is the same as at the beginning of the current block.
                                // We don't need to check if this observation is initialized - it is guaranteed to be.
                                (uint32 observationTimestamp, int56 tickCumulative, , ) = pool.observations(observationIndex);
                                if (observationTimestamp != uint32(_blockTimestamp())) {
                                    blockStartingTick = currentTick;
                                } else {
                                    uint256 prevIndex = (uint256(observationIndex) + observationCardinality - 1) % observationCardinality;
                                    (uint32 prevObservationTimestamp, int56 prevTickCumulative, , bool prevInitialized) =
                                        pool.observations(prevIndex);
                                    require(prevInitialized, 'ONI');
                                    uint32 delta = observationTimestamp - prevObservationTimestamp;
                                    blockStartingTick = int24((tickCumulative - prevTickCumulative) / delta);
                                }
                            }
                            /// @dev Virtual function to get pool addresses that can be overridden in tests.
                            function getPoolAddress(
                                address tokenA,
                                address tokenB,
                                uint24 fee
                            ) internal view virtual returns (IUniswapV3Pool pool) {
                                pool = IUniswapV3Pool(PoolAddress.computeAddress(factory, PoolAddress.getPoolKey(tokenA, tokenB, fee)));
                            }
                            /// @dev Returns the synthetic time-weighted average tick as of secondsAgo, as well as the current tick,
                            /// for the given path. Returned synthetic ticks always represent tokenOut/tokenIn prices,
                            /// meaning lower ticks are worse.
                            function getSyntheticTicks(bytes memory path, uint32 secondsAgo)
                                internal
                                view
                                returns (int256 syntheticAverageTick, int256 syntheticCurrentTick)
                            {
                                bool lowerTicksAreWorse;
                                uint256 numPools = path.numPools();
                                address previousTokenIn;
                                for (uint256 i = 0; i < numPools; i++) {
                                    // this assumes the path is sorted in swap order
                                    (address tokenIn, address tokenOut, uint24 fee) = path.decodeFirstPool();
                                    IUniswapV3Pool pool = getPoolAddress(tokenIn, tokenOut, fee);
                                    // get the average and current ticks for the current pool
                                    int256 averageTick;
                                    int256 currentTick;
                                    if (secondsAgo == 0) {
                                        // we optimize for the secondsAgo == 0 case, i.e. since the beginning of the block
                                        (averageTick, currentTick) = getBlockStartingAndCurrentTick(pool);
                                    } else {
                                        (averageTick, ) = OracleLibrary.consult(address(pool), secondsAgo);
                                        (, currentTick, , , , , ) = IUniswapV3Pool(pool).slot0();
                                    }
                                    if (i == numPools - 1) {
                                        // if we're here, this is the last pool in the path, meaning tokenOut represents the
                                        // destination token. so, if tokenIn < tokenOut, then tokenIn is token0 of the last pool,
                                        // meaning the current running ticks are going to represent tokenOut/tokenIn prices.
                                        // so, the lower these prices get, the worse of a price the swap will get
                                        lowerTicksAreWorse = tokenIn < tokenOut;
                                    } else {
                                        // if we're here, we need to iterate over the next pool in the path
                                        path = path.skipToken();
                                        previousTokenIn = tokenIn;
                                    }
                                    // accumulate the ticks derived from the current pool into the running synthetic ticks,
                                    // ensuring that intermediate tokens "cancel out"
                                    bool add = (i == 0) || (previousTokenIn < tokenIn ? tokenIn < tokenOut : tokenOut < tokenIn);
                                    if (add) {
                                        syntheticAverageTick += averageTick;
                                        syntheticCurrentTick += currentTick;
                                    } else {
                                        syntheticAverageTick -= averageTick;
                                        syntheticCurrentTick -= currentTick;
                                    }
                                }
                                // flip the sign of the ticks if necessary, to ensure that the lower ticks are always worse
                                if (!lowerTicksAreWorse) {
                                    syntheticAverageTick *= -1;
                                    syntheticCurrentTick *= -1;
                                }
                            }
                            /// @dev Cast a int256 to a int24, revert on overflow or underflow
                            function toInt24(int256 y) private pure returns (int24 z) {
                                require((z = int24(y)) == y);
                            }
                            /// @dev For each passed path, fetches the synthetic time-weighted average tick as of secondsAgo,
                            /// as well as the current tick. Then, synthetic ticks from all paths are subjected to a weighted
                            /// average, where the weights are the fraction of the total input amount allocated to each path.
                            /// Returned synthetic ticks always represent tokenOut/tokenIn prices, meaning lower ticks are worse.
                            /// Paths must all start and end in the same token.
                            function getSyntheticTicks(
                                bytes[] memory paths,
                                uint128[] memory amounts,
                                uint32 secondsAgo
                            ) internal view returns (int256 averageSyntheticAverageTick, int256 averageSyntheticCurrentTick) {
                                require(paths.length == amounts.length);
                                OracleLibrary.WeightedTickData[] memory weightedSyntheticAverageTicks =
                                    new OracleLibrary.WeightedTickData[](paths.length);
                                OracleLibrary.WeightedTickData[] memory weightedSyntheticCurrentTicks =
                                    new OracleLibrary.WeightedTickData[](paths.length);
                                for (uint256 i = 0; i < paths.length; i++) {
                                    (int256 syntheticAverageTick, int256 syntheticCurrentTick) = getSyntheticTicks(paths[i], secondsAgo);
                                    weightedSyntheticAverageTicks[i].tick = toInt24(syntheticAverageTick);
                                    weightedSyntheticCurrentTicks[i].tick = toInt24(syntheticCurrentTick);
                                    weightedSyntheticAverageTicks[i].weight = amounts[i];
                                    weightedSyntheticCurrentTicks[i].weight = amounts[i];
                                }
                                averageSyntheticAverageTick = OracleLibrary.getWeightedArithmeticMeanTick(weightedSyntheticAverageTicks);
                                averageSyntheticCurrentTick = OracleLibrary.getWeightedArithmeticMeanTick(weightedSyntheticCurrentTicks);
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IOracleSlippage
                            function checkOracleSlippage(
                                bytes memory path,
                                uint24 maximumTickDivergence,
                                uint32 secondsAgo
                            ) external view override {
                                (int256 syntheticAverageTick, int256 syntheticCurrentTick) = getSyntheticTicks(path, secondsAgo);
                                require(syntheticAverageTick - syntheticCurrentTick < maximumTickDivergence, 'TD');
                            }
                            /// @inheritdoc IOracleSlippage
                            function checkOracleSlippage(
                                bytes[] memory paths,
                                uint128[] memory amounts,
                                uint24 maximumTickDivergence,
                                uint32 secondsAgo
                            ) external view override {
                                (int256 averageSyntheticAverageTick, int256 averageSyntheticCurrentTick) =
                                    getSyntheticTicks(paths, amounts, secondsAgo);
                                require(averageSyntheticAverageTick - averageSyntheticCurrentTick < maximumTickDivergence, 'TD');
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        /// @title Pool state that never changes
                        /// @notice These parameters are fixed for a pool forever, i.e., the methods will always return the same values
                        interface IUniswapV3PoolImmutables {
                            /// @notice The contract that deployed the pool, which must adhere to the IUniswapV3Factory interface
                            /// @return The contract address
                            function factory() external view returns (address);
                            /// @notice The first of the two tokens of the pool, sorted by address
                            /// @return The token contract address
                            function token0() external view returns (address);
                            /// @notice The second of the two tokens of the pool, sorted by address
                            /// @return The token contract address
                            function token1() external view returns (address);
                            /// @notice The pool's fee in hundredths of a bip, i.e. 1e-6
                            /// @return The fee
                            function fee() external view returns (uint24);
                            /// @notice The pool tick spacing
                            /// @dev Ticks can only be used at multiples of this value, minimum of 1 and always positive
                            /// e.g.: a tickSpacing of 3 means ticks can be initialized every 3rd tick, i.e., ..., -6, -3, 0, 3, 6, ...
                            /// This value is an int24 to avoid casting even though it is always positive.
                            /// @return The tick spacing
                            function tickSpacing() external view returns (int24);
                            /// @notice The maximum amount of position liquidity that can use any tick in the range
                            /// @dev This parameter is enforced per tick to prevent liquidity from overflowing a uint128 at any point, and
                            /// also prevents out-of-range liquidity from being used to prevent adding in-range liquidity to a pool
                            /// @return The max amount of liquidity per tick
                            function maxLiquidityPerTick() external view returns (uint128);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        /// @title Pool state that can change
                        /// @notice These methods compose the pool's state, and can change with any frequency including multiple times
                        /// per transaction
                        interface IUniswapV3PoolState {
                            /// @notice The 0th storage slot in the pool stores many values, and is exposed as a single method to save gas
                            /// when accessed externally.
                            /// @return sqrtPriceX96 The current price of the pool as a sqrt(token1/token0) Q64.96 value
                            /// tick The current tick of the pool, i.e. according to the last tick transition that was run.
                            /// This value may not always be equal to SqrtTickMath.getTickAtSqrtRatio(sqrtPriceX96) if the price is on a tick
                            /// boundary.
                            /// observationIndex The index of the last oracle observation that was written,
                            /// observationCardinality The current maximum number of observations stored in the pool,
                            /// observationCardinalityNext The next maximum number of observations, to be updated when the observation.
                            /// feeProtocol The protocol fee for both tokens of the pool.
                            /// Encoded as two 4 bit values, where the protocol fee of token1 is shifted 4 bits and the protocol fee of token0
                            /// is the lower 4 bits. Used as the denominator of a fraction of the swap fee, e.g. 4 means 1/4th of the swap fee.
                            /// unlocked Whether the pool is currently locked to reentrancy
                            function slot0()
                                external
                                view
                                returns (
                                    uint160 sqrtPriceX96,
                                    int24 tick,
                                    uint16 observationIndex,
                                    uint16 observationCardinality,
                                    uint16 observationCardinalityNext,
                                    uint8 feeProtocol,
                                    bool unlocked
                                );
                            /// @notice The fee growth as a Q128.128 fees of token0 collected per unit of liquidity for the entire life of the pool
                            /// @dev This value can overflow the uint256
                            function feeGrowthGlobal0X128() external view returns (uint256);
                            /// @notice The fee growth as a Q128.128 fees of token1 collected per unit of liquidity for the entire life of the pool
                            /// @dev This value can overflow the uint256
                            function feeGrowthGlobal1X128() external view returns (uint256);
                            /// @notice The amounts of token0 and token1 that are owed to the protocol
                            /// @dev Protocol fees will never exceed uint128 max in either token
                            function protocolFees() external view returns (uint128 token0, uint128 token1);
                            /// @notice The currently in range liquidity available to the pool
                            /// @dev This value has no relationship to the total liquidity across all ticks
                            function liquidity() external view returns (uint128);
                            /// @notice Look up information about a specific tick in the pool
                            /// @param tick The tick to look up
                            /// @return liquidityGross the total amount of position liquidity that uses the pool either as tick lower or
                            /// tick upper,
                            /// liquidityNet how much liquidity changes when the pool price crosses the tick,
                            /// feeGrowthOutside0X128 the fee growth on the other side of the tick from the current tick in token0,
                            /// feeGrowthOutside1X128 the fee growth on the other side of the tick from the current tick in token1,
                            /// tickCumulativeOutside the cumulative tick value on the other side of the tick from the current tick
                            /// secondsPerLiquidityOutsideX128 the seconds spent per liquidity on the other side of the tick from the current tick,
                            /// secondsOutside the seconds spent on the other side of the tick from the current tick,
                            /// initialized Set to true if the tick is initialized, i.e. liquidityGross is greater than 0, otherwise equal to false.
                            /// Outside values can only be used if the tick is initialized, i.e. if liquidityGross is greater than 0.
                            /// In addition, these values are only relative and must be used only in comparison to previous snapshots for
                            /// a specific position.
                            function ticks(int24 tick)
                                external
                                view
                                returns (
                                    uint128 liquidityGross,
                                    int128 liquidityNet,
                                    uint256 feeGrowthOutside0X128,
                                    uint256 feeGrowthOutside1X128,
                                    int56 tickCumulativeOutside,
                                    uint160 secondsPerLiquidityOutsideX128,
                                    uint32 secondsOutside,
                                    bool initialized
                                );
                            /// @notice Returns 256 packed tick initialized boolean values. See TickBitmap for more information
                            function tickBitmap(int16 wordPosition) external view returns (uint256);
                            /// @notice Returns the information about a position by the position's key
                            /// @param key The position's key is a hash of a preimage composed by the owner, tickLower and tickUpper
                            /// @return _liquidity The amount of liquidity in the position,
                            /// Returns feeGrowthInside0LastX128 fee growth of token0 inside the tick range as of the last mint/burn/poke,
                            /// Returns feeGrowthInside1LastX128 fee growth of token1 inside the tick range as of the last mint/burn/poke,
                            /// Returns tokensOwed0 the computed amount of token0 owed to the position as of the last mint/burn/poke,
                            /// Returns tokensOwed1 the computed amount of token1 owed to the position as of the last mint/burn/poke
                            function positions(bytes32 key)
                                external
                                view
                                returns (
                                    uint128 _liquidity,
                                    uint256 feeGrowthInside0LastX128,
                                    uint256 feeGrowthInside1LastX128,
                                    uint128 tokensOwed0,
                                    uint128 tokensOwed1
                                );
                            /// @notice Returns data about a specific observation index
                            /// @param index The element of the observations array to fetch
                            /// @dev You most likely want to use #observe() instead of this method to get an observation as of some amount of time
                            /// ago, rather than at a specific index in the array.
                            /// @return blockTimestamp The timestamp of the observation,
                            /// Returns tickCumulative the tick multiplied by seconds elapsed for the life of the pool as of the observation timestamp,
                            /// Returns secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128 the seconds per in range liquidity for the life of the pool as of the observation timestamp,
                            /// Returns initialized whether the observation has been initialized and the values are safe to use
                            function observations(uint256 index)
                                external
                                view
                                returns (
                                    uint32 blockTimestamp,
                                    int56 tickCumulative,
                                    uint160 secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128,
                                    bool initialized
                                );
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        /// @title Pool state that is not stored
                        /// @notice Contains view functions to provide information about the pool that is computed rather than stored on the
                        /// blockchain. The functions here may have variable gas costs.
                        interface IUniswapV3PoolDerivedState {
                            /// @notice Returns the cumulative tick and liquidity as of each timestamp `secondsAgo` from the current block timestamp
                            /// @dev To get a time weighted average tick or liquidity-in-range, you must call this with two values, one representing
                            /// the beginning of the period and another for the end of the period. E.g., to get the last hour time-weighted average tick,
                            /// you must call it with secondsAgos = [3600, 0].
                            /// @dev The time weighted average tick represents the geometric time weighted average price of the pool, in
                            /// log base sqrt(1.0001) of token1 / token0. The TickMath library can be used to go from a tick value to a ratio.
                            /// @param secondsAgos From how long ago each cumulative tick and liquidity value should be returned
                            /// @return tickCumulatives Cumulative tick values as of each `secondsAgos` from the current block timestamp
                            /// @return secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128s Cumulative seconds per liquidity-in-range value as of each `secondsAgos` from the current block
                            /// timestamp
                            function observe(uint32[] calldata secondsAgos)
                                external
                                view
                                returns (int56[] memory tickCumulatives, uint160[] memory secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128s);
                            /// @notice Returns a snapshot of the tick cumulative, seconds per liquidity and seconds inside a tick range
                            /// @dev Snapshots must only be compared to other snapshots, taken over a period for which a position existed.
                            /// I.e., snapshots cannot be compared if a position is not held for the entire period between when the first
                            /// snapshot is taken and the second snapshot is taken.
                            /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the range
                            /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the range
                            /// @return tickCumulativeInside The snapshot of the tick accumulator for the range
                            /// @return secondsPerLiquidityInsideX128 The snapshot of seconds per liquidity for the range
                            /// @return secondsInside The snapshot of seconds per liquidity for the range
                            function snapshotCumulativesInside(int24 tickLower, int24 tickUpper)
                                external
                                view
                                returns (
                                    int56 tickCumulativeInside,
                                    uint160 secondsPerLiquidityInsideX128,
                                    uint32 secondsInside
                                );
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        /// @title Permissionless pool actions
                        /// @notice Contains pool methods that can be called by anyone
                        interface IUniswapV3PoolActions {
                            /// @notice Sets the initial price for the pool
                            /// @dev Price is represented as a sqrt(amountToken1/amountToken0) Q64.96 value
                            /// @param sqrtPriceX96 the initial sqrt price of the pool as a Q64.96
                            function initialize(uint160 sqrtPriceX96) external;
                            /// @notice Adds liquidity for the given recipient/tickLower/tickUpper position
                            /// @dev The caller of this method receives a callback in the form of IUniswapV3MintCallback#uniswapV3MintCallback
                            /// in which they must pay any token0 or token1 owed for the liquidity. The amount of token0/token1 due depends
                            /// on tickLower, tickUpper, the amount of liquidity, and the current price.
                            /// @param recipient The address for which the liquidity will be created
                            /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the position in which to add liquidity
                            /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the position in which to add liquidity
                            /// @param amount The amount of liquidity to mint
                            /// @param data Any data that should be passed through to the callback
                            /// @return amount0 The amount of token0 that was paid to mint the given amount of liquidity. Matches the value in the callback
                            /// @return amount1 The amount of token1 that was paid to mint the given amount of liquidity. Matches the value in the callback
                            function mint(
                                address recipient,
                                int24 tickLower,
                                int24 tickUpper,
                                uint128 amount,
                                bytes calldata data
                            ) external returns (uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);
                            /// @notice Collects tokens owed to a position
                            /// @dev Does not recompute fees earned, which must be done either via mint or burn of any amount of liquidity.
                            /// Collect must be called by the position owner. To withdraw only token0 or only token1, amount0Requested or
                            /// amount1Requested may be set to zero. To withdraw all tokens owed, caller may pass any value greater than the
                            /// actual tokens owed, e.g. type(uint128).max. Tokens owed may be from accumulated swap fees or burned liquidity.
                            /// @param recipient The address which should receive the fees collected
                            /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the position for which to collect fees
                            /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the position for which to collect fees
                            /// @param amount0Requested How much token0 should be withdrawn from the fees owed
                            /// @param amount1Requested How much token1 should be withdrawn from the fees owed
                            /// @return amount0 The amount of fees collected in token0
                            /// @return amount1 The amount of fees collected in token1
                            function collect(
                                address recipient,
                                int24 tickLower,
                                int24 tickUpper,
                                uint128 amount0Requested,
                                uint128 amount1Requested
                            ) external returns (uint128 amount0, uint128 amount1);
                            /// @notice Burn liquidity from the sender and account tokens owed for the liquidity to the position
                            /// @dev Can be used to trigger a recalculation of fees owed to a position by calling with an amount of 0
                            /// @dev Fees must be collected separately via a call to #collect
                            /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the position for which to burn liquidity
                            /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the position for which to burn liquidity
                            /// @param amount How much liquidity to burn
                            /// @return amount0 The amount of token0 sent to the recipient
                            /// @return amount1 The amount of token1 sent to the recipient
                            function burn(
                                int24 tickLower,
                                int24 tickUpper,
                                uint128 amount
                            ) external returns (uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);
                            /// @notice Swap token0 for token1, or token1 for token0
                            /// @dev The caller of this method receives a callback in the form of IUniswapV3SwapCallback#uniswapV3SwapCallback
                            /// @param recipient The address to receive the output of the swap
                            /// @param zeroForOne The direction of the swap, true for token0 to token1, false for token1 to token0
                            /// @param amountSpecified The amount of the swap, which implicitly configures the swap as exact input (positive), or exact output (negative)
                            /// @param sqrtPriceLimitX96 The Q64.96 sqrt price limit. If zero for one, the price cannot be less than this
                            /// value after the swap. If one for zero, the price cannot be greater than this value after the swap
                            /// @param data Any data to be passed through to the callback
                            /// @return amount0 The delta of the balance of token0 of the pool, exact when negative, minimum when positive
                            /// @return amount1 The delta of the balance of token1 of the pool, exact when negative, minimum when positive
                            function swap(
                                address recipient,
                                bool zeroForOne,
                                int256 amountSpecified,
                                uint160 sqrtPriceLimitX96,
                                bytes calldata data
                            ) external returns (int256 amount0, int256 amount1);
                            /// @notice Receive token0 and/or token1 and pay it back, plus a fee, in the callback
                            /// @dev The caller of this method receives a callback in the form of IUniswapV3FlashCallback#uniswapV3FlashCallback
                            /// @dev Can be used to donate underlying tokens pro-rata to currently in-range liquidity providers by calling
                            /// with 0 amount{0,1} and sending the donation amount(s) from the callback
                            /// @param recipient The address which will receive the token0 and token1 amounts
                            /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 to send
                            /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 to send
                            /// @param data Any data to be passed through to the callback
                            function flash(
                                address recipient,
                                uint256 amount0,
                                uint256 amount1,
                                bytes calldata data
                            ) external;
                            /// @notice Increase the maximum number of price and liquidity observations that this pool will store
                            /// @dev This method is no-op if the pool already has an observationCardinalityNext greater than or equal to
                            /// the input observationCardinalityNext.
                            /// @param observationCardinalityNext The desired minimum number of observations for the pool to store
                            function increaseObservationCardinalityNext(uint16 observationCardinalityNext) external;
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        /// @title Permissioned pool actions
                        /// @notice Contains pool methods that may only be called by the factory owner
                        interface IUniswapV3PoolOwnerActions {
                            /// @notice Set the denominator of the protocol's % share of the fees
                            /// @param feeProtocol0 new protocol fee for token0 of the pool
                            /// @param feeProtocol1 new protocol fee for token1 of the pool
                            function setFeeProtocol(uint8 feeProtocol0, uint8 feeProtocol1) external;
                            /// @notice Collect the protocol fee accrued to the pool
                            /// @param recipient The address to which collected protocol fees should be sent
                            /// @param amount0Requested The maximum amount of token0 to send, can be 0 to collect fees in only token1
                            /// @param amount1Requested The maximum amount of token1 to send, can be 0 to collect fees in only token0
                            /// @return amount0 The protocol fee collected in token0
                            /// @return amount1 The protocol fee collected in token1
                            function collectProtocol(
                                address recipient,
                                uint128 amount0Requested,
                                uint128 amount1Requested
                            ) external returns (uint128 amount0, uint128 amount1);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        /// @title Events emitted by a pool
                        /// @notice Contains all events emitted by the pool
                        interface IUniswapV3PoolEvents {
                            /// @notice Emitted exactly once by a pool when #initialize is first called on the pool
                            /// @dev Mint/Burn/Swap cannot be emitted by the pool before Initialize
                            /// @param sqrtPriceX96 The initial sqrt price of the pool, as a Q64.96
                            /// @param tick The initial tick of the pool, i.e. log base 1.0001 of the starting price of the pool
                            event Initialize(uint160 sqrtPriceX96, int24 tick);
                            /// @notice Emitted when liquidity is minted for a given position
                            /// @param sender The address that minted the liquidity
                            /// @param owner The owner of the position and recipient of any minted liquidity
                            /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the position
                            /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the position
                            /// @param amount The amount of liquidity minted to the position range
                            /// @param amount0 How much token0 was required for the minted liquidity
                            /// @param amount1 How much token1 was required for the minted liquidity
                            event Mint(
                                address sender,
                                address indexed owner,
                                int24 indexed tickLower,
                                int24 indexed tickUpper,
                                uint128 amount,
                                uint256 amount0,
                                uint256 amount1
                            );
                            /// @notice Emitted when fees are collected by the owner of a position
                            /// @dev Collect events may be emitted with zero amount0 and amount1 when the caller chooses not to collect fees
                            /// @param owner The owner of the position for which fees are collected
                            /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the position
                            /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the position
                            /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 fees collected
                            /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 fees collected
                            event Collect(
                                address indexed owner,
                                address recipient,
                                int24 indexed tickLower,
                                int24 indexed tickUpper,
                                uint128 amount0,
                                uint128 amount1
                            );
                            /// @notice Emitted when a position's liquidity is removed
                            /// @dev Does not withdraw any fees earned by the liquidity position, which must be withdrawn via #collect
                            /// @param owner The owner of the position for which liquidity is removed
                            /// @param tickLower The lower tick of the position
                            /// @param tickUpper The upper tick of the position
                            /// @param amount The amount of liquidity to remove
                            /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 withdrawn
                            /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 withdrawn
                            event Burn(
                                address indexed owner,
                                int24 indexed tickLower,
                                int24 indexed tickUpper,
                                uint128 amount,
                                uint256 amount0,
                                uint256 amount1
                            );
                            /// @notice Emitted by the pool for any swaps between token0 and token1
                            /// @param sender The address that initiated the swap call, and that received the callback
                            /// @param recipient The address that received the output of the swap
                            /// @param amount0 The delta of the token0 balance of the pool
                            /// @param amount1 The delta of the token1 balance of the pool
                            /// @param sqrtPriceX96 The sqrt(price) of the pool after the swap, as a Q64.96
                            /// @param liquidity The liquidity of the pool after the swap
                            /// @param tick The log base 1.0001 of price of the pool after the swap
                            event Swap(
                                address indexed sender,
                                address indexed recipient,
                                int256 amount0,
                                int256 amount1,
                                uint160 sqrtPriceX96,
                                uint128 liquidity,
                                int24 tick
                            );
                            /// @notice Emitted by the pool for any flashes of token0/token1
                            /// @param sender The address that initiated the swap call, and that received the callback
                            /// @param recipient The address that received the tokens from flash
                            /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 that was flashed
                            /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 that was flashed
                            /// @param paid0 The amount of token0 paid for the flash, which can exceed the amount0 plus the fee
                            /// @param paid1 The amount of token1 paid for the flash, which can exceed the amount1 plus the fee
                            event Flash(
                                address indexed sender,
                                address indexed recipient,
                                uint256 amount0,
                                uint256 amount1,
                                uint256 paid0,
                                uint256 paid1
                            );
                            /// @notice Emitted by the pool for increases to the number of observations that can be stored
                            /// @dev observationCardinalityNext is not the observation cardinality until an observation is written at the index
                            /// just before a mint/swap/burn.
                            /// @param observationCardinalityNextOld The previous value of the next observation cardinality
                            /// @param observationCardinalityNextNew The updated value of the next observation cardinality
                            event IncreaseObservationCardinalityNext(
                                uint16 observationCardinalityNextOld,
                                uint16 observationCardinalityNextNew
                            );
                            /// @notice Emitted when the protocol fee is changed by the pool
                            /// @param feeProtocol0Old The previous value of the token0 protocol fee
                            /// @param feeProtocol1Old The previous value of the token1 protocol fee
                            /// @param feeProtocol0New The updated value of the token0 protocol fee
                            /// @param feeProtocol1New The updated value of the token1 protocol fee
                            event SetFeeProtocol(uint8 feeProtocol0Old, uint8 feeProtocol1Old, uint8 feeProtocol0New, uint8 feeProtocol1New);
                            /// @notice Emitted when the collected protocol fees are withdrawn by the factory owner
                            /// @param sender The address that collects the protocol fees
                            /// @param recipient The address that receives the collected protocol fees
                            /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 protocol fees that is withdrawn
                            /// @param amount0 The amount of token1 protocol fees that is withdrawn
                            event CollectProtocol(address indexed sender, address indexed recipient, uint128 amount0, uint128 amount1);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        /*
                         * @title Solidity Bytes Arrays Utils
                         * @author Gonçalo Sá <[email protected]>
                         *
                         * @dev Bytes tightly packed arrays utility library for ethereum contracts written in Solidity.
                         *      The library lets you concatenate, slice and type cast bytes arrays both in memory and storage.
                         */
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0 <0.8.0;
                        library BytesLib {
                            function slice(
                                bytes memory _bytes,
                                uint256 _start,
                                uint256 _length
                            ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                                require(_length + 31 >= _length, 'slice_overflow');
                                require(_start + _length >= _start, 'slice_overflow');
                                require(_bytes.length >= _start + _length, 'slice_outOfBounds');
                                bytes memory tempBytes;
                                assembly {
                                    switch iszero(_length)
                                        case 0 {
                                            // Get a location of some free memory and store it in tempBytes as
                                            // Solidity does for memory variables.
                                            tempBytes := mload(0x40)
                                            // The first word of the slice result is potentially a partial
                                            // word read from the original array. To read it, we calculate
                                            // the length of that partial word and start copying that many
                                            // bytes into the array. The first word we copy will start with
                                            // data we don't care about, but the last `lengthmod` bytes will
                                            // land at the beginning of the contents of the new array. When
                                            // we're done copying, we overwrite the full first word with
                                            // the actual length of the slice.
                                            let lengthmod := and(_length, 31)
                                            // The multiplication in the next line is necessary
                                            // because when slicing multiples of 32 bytes (lengthmod == 0)
                                            // the following copy loop was copying the origin's length
                                            // and then ending prematurely not copying everything it should.
                                            let mc := add(add(tempBytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod)))
                                            let end := add(mc, _length)
                                            for {
                                                // The multiplication in the next line has the same exact purpose
                                                // as the one above.
                                                let cc := add(add(add(_bytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod))), _start)
                                            } lt(mc, end) {
                                                mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                                                cc := add(cc, 0x20)
                                            } {
                                                mstore(mc, mload(cc))
                                            }
                                            mstore(tempBytes, _length)
                                            //update free-memory pointer
                                            //allocating the array padded to 32 bytes like the compiler does now
                                            mstore(0x40, and(add(mc, 31), not(31)))
                                        }
                                        //if we want a zero-length slice let's just return a zero-length array
                                        default {
                                            tempBytes := mload(0x40)
                                            //zero out the 32 bytes slice we are about to return
                                            //we need to do it because Solidity does not garbage collect
                                            mstore(tempBytes, 0)
                                            mstore(0x40, add(tempBytes, 0x20))
                                        }
                                }
                                return tempBytes;
                            }
                            function toAddress(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (address) {
                                require(_start + 20 >= _start, 'toAddress_overflow');
                                require(_bytes.length >= _start + 20, 'toAddress_outOfBounds');
                                address tempAddress;
                                assembly {
                                    tempAddress := div(mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start)), 0x1000000000000000000000000)
                                }
                                return tempAddress;
                            }
                            function toUint24(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint24) {
                                require(_start + 3 >= _start, 'toUint24_overflow');
                                require(_bytes.length >= _start + 3, 'toUint24_outOfBounds');
                                uint24 tempUint;
                                assembly {
                                    tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x3), _start))
                                }
                                return tempUint;
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        /// @title OracleSlippage interface
                        /// @notice Enables slippage checks against oracle prices
                        interface IOracleSlippage {
                            /// @notice Ensures that the current (synthetic) tick over the path is no worse than
                            /// `maximumTickDivergence` ticks away from the average as of `secondsAgo`
                            /// @param path The path to fetch prices over
                            /// @param maximumTickDivergence The maximum number of ticks that the price can degrade by
                            /// @param secondsAgo The number of seconds ago to compute oracle prices against
                            function checkOracleSlippage(
                                bytes memory path,
                                uint24 maximumTickDivergence,
                                uint32 secondsAgo
                            ) external view;
                            /// @notice Ensures that the weighted average current (synthetic) tick over the path is no
                            /// worse than `maximumTickDivergence` ticks away from the average as of `secondsAgo`
                            /// @param paths The paths to fetch prices over
                            /// @param amounts The weights for each entry in `paths`
                            /// @param maximumTickDivergence The maximum number of ticks that the price can degrade by
                            /// @param secondsAgo The number of seconds ago to compute oracle prices against
                            function checkOracleSlippage(
                                bytes[] memory paths,
                                uint128[] memory amounts,
                                uint24 maximumTickDivergence,
                                uint32 secondsAgo
                            ) external view;
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        /// @title Function for getting block timestamp
                        /// @dev Base contract that is overridden for tests
                        abstract contract BlockTimestamp {
                            /// @dev Method that exists purely to be overridden for tests
                            /// @return The current block timestamp
                            function _blockTimestamp() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
                                return block.timestamp;
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0 <0.8.0;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/libraries/FullMath.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/libraries/TickMath.sol';
                        import '@uniswap/v3-core/contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV3Pool.sol';
                        /// @title Oracle library
                        /// @notice Provides functions to integrate with V3 pool oracle
                        library OracleLibrary {
                            /// @notice Calculates time-weighted means of tick and liquidity for a given Uniswap V3 pool
                            /// @param pool Address of the pool that we want to observe
                            /// @param secondsAgo Number of seconds in the past from which to calculate the time-weighted means
                            /// @return arithmeticMeanTick The arithmetic mean tick from (block.timestamp - secondsAgo) to block.timestamp
                            /// @return harmonicMeanLiquidity The harmonic mean liquidity from (block.timestamp - secondsAgo) to block.timestamp
                            function consult(address pool, uint32 secondsAgo)
                                internal
                                view
                                returns (int24 arithmeticMeanTick, uint128 harmonicMeanLiquidity)
                            {
                                require(secondsAgo != 0, 'BP');
                                uint32[] memory secondsAgos = new uint32[](2);
                                secondsAgos[0] = secondsAgo;
                                secondsAgos[1] = 0;
                                (int56[] memory tickCumulatives, uint160[] memory secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128s) =
                                    IUniswapV3Pool(pool).observe(secondsAgos);
                                int56 tickCumulativesDelta = tickCumulatives[1] - tickCumulatives[0];
                                uint160 secondsPerLiquidityCumulativesDelta =
                                    secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128s[1] - secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128s[0];
                                arithmeticMeanTick = int24(tickCumulativesDelta / secondsAgo);
                                // Always round to negative infinity
                                if (tickCumulativesDelta < 0 && (tickCumulativesDelta % secondsAgo != 0)) arithmeticMeanTick--;
                                // We are multiplying here instead of shifting to ensure that harmonicMeanLiquidity doesn't overflow uint128
                                uint192 secondsAgoX160 = uint192(secondsAgo) * type(uint160).max;
                                harmonicMeanLiquidity = uint128(secondsAgoX160 / (uint192(secondsPerLiquidityCumulativesDelta) << 32));
                            }
                            /// @notice Given a tick and a token amount, calculates the amount of token received in exchange
                            /// @param tick Tick value used to calculate the quote
                            /// @param baseAmount Amount of token to be converted
                            /// @param baseToken Address of an ERC20 token contract used as the baseAmount denomination
                            /// @param quoteToken Address of an ERC20 token contract used as the quoteAmount denomination
                            /// @return quoteAmount Amount of quoteToken received for baseAmount of baseToken
                            function getQuoteAtTick(
                                int24 tick,
                                uint128 baseAmount,
                                address baseToken,
                                address quoteToken
                            ) internal pure returns (uint256 quoteAmount) {
                                uint160 sqrtRatioX96 = TickMath.getSqrtRatioAtTick(tick);
                                // Calculate quoteAmount with better precision if it doesn't overflow when multiplied by itself
                                if (sqrtRatioX96 <= type(uint128).max) {
                                    uint256 ratioX192 = uint256(sqrtRatioX96) * sqrtRatioX96;
                                    quoteAmount = baseToken < quoteToken
                                        ? FullMath.mulDiv(ratioX192, baseAmount, 1 << 192)
                                        : FullMath.mulDiv(1 << 192, baseAmount, ratioX192);
                                } else {
                                    uint256 ratioX128 = FullMath.mulDiv(sqrtRatioX96, sqrtRatioX96, 1 << 64);
                                    quoteAmount = baseToken < quoteToken
                                        ? FullMath.mulDiv(ratioX128, baseAmount, 1 << 128)
                                        : FullMath.mulDiv(1 << 128, baseAmount, ratioX128);
                                }
                            }
                            /// @notice Given a pool, it returns the number of seconds ago of the oldest stored observation
                            /// @param pool Address of Uniswap V3 pool that we want to observe
                            /// @return secondsAgo The number of seconds ago of the oldest observation stored for the pool
                            function getOldestObservationSecondsAgo(address pool) internal view returns (uint32 secondsAgo) {
                                (, , uint16 observationIndex, uint16 observationCardinality, , , ) = IUniswapV3Pool(pool).slot0();
                                require(observationCardinality > 0, 'NI');
                                (uint32 observationTimestamp, , , bool initialized) =
                                    IUniswapV3Pool(pool).observations((observationIndex + 1) % observationCardinality);
                                // The next index might not be initialized if the cardinality is in the process of increasing
                                // In this case the oldest observation is always in index 0
                                if (!initialized) {
                                    (observationTimestamp, , , ) = IUniswapV3Pool(pool).observations(0);
                                }
                                secondsAgo = uint32(block.timestamp) - observationTimestamp;
                            }
                            /// @notice Given a pool, it returns the tick value as of the start of the current block
                            /// @param pool Address of Uniswap V3 pool
                            /// @return The tick that the pool was in at the start of the current block
                            function getBlockStartingTickAndLiquidity(address pool) internal view returns (int24, uint128) {
                                (, int24 tick, uint16 observationIndex, uint16 observationCardinality, , , ) = IUniswapV3Pool(pool).slot0();
                                // 2 observations are needed to reliably calculate the block starting tick
                                require(observationCardinality > 1, 'NEO');
                                // If the latest observation occurred in the past, then no tick-changing trades have happened in this block
                                // therefore the tick in `slot0` is the same as at the beginning of the current block.
                                // We don't need to check if this observation is initialized - it is guaranteed to be.
                                (uint32 observationTimestamp, int56 tickCumulative, uint160 secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128, ) =
                                    IUniswapV3Pool(pool).observations(observationIndex);
                                if (observationTimestamp != uint32(block.timestamp)) {
                                    return (tick, IUniswapV3Pool(pool).liquidity());
                                }
                                uint256 prevIndex = (uint256(observationIndex) + observationCardinality - 1) % observationCardinality;
                                (
                                    uint32 prevObservationTimestamp,
                                    int56 prevTickCumulative,
                                    uint160 prevSecondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128,
                                    bool prevInitialized
                                ) = IUniswapV3Pool(pool).observations(prevIndex);
                                require(prevInitialized, 'ONI');
                                uint32 delta = observationTimestamp - prevObservationTimestamp;
                                tick = int24((tickCumulative - prevTickCumulative) / delta);
                                uint128 liquidity =
                                    uint128(
                                        (uint192(delta) * type(uint160).max) /
                                            (uint192(secondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128 - prevSecondsPerLiquidityCumulativeX128) << 32)
                                    );
                                return (tick, liquidity);
                            }
                            /// @notice Information for calculating a weighted arithmetic mean tick
                            struct WeightedTickData {
                                int24 tick;
                                uint128 weight;
                            }
                            /// @notice Given an array of ticks and weights, calculates the weighted arithmetic mean tick
                            /// @param weightedTickData An array of ticks and weights
                            /// @return weightedArithmeticMeanTick The weighted arithmetic mean tick
                            /// @dev Each entry of `weightedTickData` should represents ticks from pools with the same underlying pool tokens. If they do not,
                            /// extreme care must be taken to ensure that ticks are comparable (including decimal differences).
                            /// @dev Note that the weighted arithmetic mean tick corresponds to the weighted geometric mean price.
                            function getWeightedArithmeticMeanTick(WeightedTickData[] memory weightedTickData)
                                internal
                                pure
                                returns (int24 weightedArithmeticMeanTick)
                            {
                                // Accumulates the sum of products between each tick and its weight
                                int256 numerator;
                                // Accumulates the sum of the weights
                                uint256 denominator;
                                // Products fit in 152 bits, so it would take an array of length ~2**104 to overflow this logic
                                for (uint256 i; i < weightedTickData.length; i++) {
                                    numerator += weightedTickData[i].tick * int256(weightedTickData[i].weight);
                                    denominator += weightedTickData[i].weight;
                                }
                                weightedArithmeticMeanTick = int24(numerator / int256(denominator));
                                // Always round to negative infinity
                                if (numerator < 0 && (numerator % int256(denominator) != 0)) weightedArithmeticMeanTick--;
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        pragma solidity >=0.4.0;
                        /// @title Contains 512-bit math functions
                        /// @notice Facilitates multiplication and division that can have overflow of an intermediate value without any loss of precision
                        /// @dev Handles "phantom overflow" i.e., allows multiplication and division where an intermediate value overflows 256 bits
                        library FullMath {
                            /// @notice Calculates floor(a×b÷denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
                            /// @param a The multiplicand
                            /// @param b The multiplier
                            /// @param denominator The divisor
                            /// @return result The 256-bit result
                            /// @dev Credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv
                            function mulDiv(
                                uint256 a,
                                uint256 b,
                                uint256 denominator
                            ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
                                // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = a * b
                                // Compute the product mod 2**256 and mod 2**256 - 1
                                // then use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct
                                // the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
                                // variables such that product = prod1 * 2**256 + prod0
                                uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
                                uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
                                assembly {
                                    let mm := mulmod(a, b, not(0))
                                    prod0 := mul(a, b)
                                    prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
                                }
                                // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division
                                if (prod1 == 0) {
                                    require(denominator > 0);
                                    assembly {
                                        result := div(prod0, denominator)
                                    }
                                    return result;
                                }
                                // Make sure the result is less than 2**256.
                                // Also prevents denominator == 0
                                require(denominator > prod1);
                                ///////////////////////////////////////////////
                                // 512 by 256 division.
                                ///////////////////////////////////////////////
                                // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0]
                                // Compute remainder using mulmod
                                uint256 remainder;
                                assembly {
                                    remainder := mulmod(a, b, denominator)
                                }
                                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number
                                assembly {
                                    prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                                    prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
                                }
                                // Factor powers of two out of denominator
                                // Compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
                                // Always >= 1.
                                uint256 twos = -denominator & denominator;
                                // Divide denominator by power of two
                                assembly {
                                    denominator := div(denominator, twos)
                                }
                                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by the factors of two
                                assembly {
                                    prod0 := div(prod0, twos)
                                }
                                // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0. For this we need
                                // to flip `twos` such that it is 2**256 / twos.
                                // If twos is zero, then it becomes one
                                assembly {
                                    twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
                                }
                                prod0 |= prod1 * twos;
                                // Invert denominator mod 2**256
                                // Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse
                                // modulo 2**256 such that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2**256.
                                // Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct
                                // correct for four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2**4
                                uint256 inv = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;
                                // Now use Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision.
                                // Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works in modular
                                // arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
                                inv *= 2 - denominator * inv; // inverse mod 2**8
                                inv *= 2 - denominator * inv; // inverse mod 2**16
                                inv *= 2 - denominator * inv; // inverse mod 2**32
                                inv *= 2 - denominator * inv; // inverse mod 2**64
                                inv *= 2 - denominator * inv; // inverse mod 2**128
                                inv *= 2 - denominator * inv; // inverse mod 2**256
                                // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying
                                // with the modular inverse of denominator. This will give us the
                                // correct result modulo 2**256. Since the precoditions guarantee
                                // that the outcome is less than 2**256, this is the final result.
                                // We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
                                // is no longer required.
                                result = prod0 * inv;
                                return result;
                            }
                            /// @notice Calculates ceil(a×b÷denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
                            /// @param a The multiplicand
                            /// @param b The multiplier
                            /// @param denominator The divisor
                            /// @return result The 256-bit result
                            function mulDivRoundingUp(
                                uint256 a,
                                uint256 b,
                                uint256 denominator
                            ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
                                result = mulDiv(a, b, denominator);
                                if (mulmod(a, b, denominator) > 0) {
                                    require(result < type(uint256).max);
                                    result++;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Metadata.sol';
                        import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Enumerable.sol';
                        import './IPoolInitializer.sol';
                        import './IERC721Permit.sol';
                        import './IPeripheryPayments.sol';
                        import './IPeripheryImmutableState.sol';
                        import '../libraries/PoolAddress.sol';
                        /// @title Non-fungible token for positions
                        /// @notice Wraps Uniswap V3 positions in a non-fungible token interface which allows for them to be transferred
                        /// and authorized.
                        interface INonfungiblePositionManager is
                            IPoolInitializer,
                            IPeripheryPayments,
                            IPeripheryImmutableState,
                            IERC721Metadata,
                            IERC721Enumerable,
                            IERC721Permit
                        {
                            /// @notice Emitted when liquidity is increased for a position NFT
                            /// @dev Also emitted when a token is minted
                            /// @param tokenId The ID of the token for which liquidity was increased
                            /// @param liquidity The amount by which liquidity for the NFT position was increased
                            /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 that was paid for the increase in liquidity
                            /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 that was paid for the increase in liquidity
                            event IncreaseLiquidity(uint256 indexed tokenId, uint128 liquidity, uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);
                            /// @notice Emitted when liquidity is decreased for a position NFT
                            /// @param tokenId The ID of the token for which liquidity was decreased
                            /// @param liquidity The amount by which liquidity for the NFT position was decreased
                            /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 that was accounted for the decrease in liquidity
                            /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 that was accounted for the decrease in liquidity
                            event DecreaseLiquidity(uint256 indexed tokenId, uint128 liquidity, uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);
                            /// @notice Emitted when tokens are collected for a position NFT
                            /// @dev The amounts reported may not be exactly equivalent to the amounts transferred, due to rounding behavior
                            /// @param tokenId The ID of the token for which underlying tokens were collected
                            /// @param recipient The address of the account that received the collected tokens
                            /// @param amount0 The amount of token0 owed to the position that was collected
                            /// @param amount1 The amount of token1 owed to the position that was collected
                            event Collect(uint256 indexed tokenId, address recipient, uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);
                            /// @notice Returns the position information associated with a given token ID.
                            /// @dev Throws if the token ID is not valid.
                            /// @param tokenId The ID of the token that represents the position
                            /// @return nonce The nonce for permits
                            /// @return operator The address that is approved for spending
                            /// @return token0 The address of the token0 for a specific pool
                            /// @return token1 The address of the token1 for a specific pool
                            /// @return fee The fee associated with the pool
                            /// @return tickLower The lower end of the tick range for the position
                            /// @return tickUpper The higher end of the tick range for the position
                            /// @return liquidity The liquidity of the position
                            /// @return feeGrowthInside0LastX128 The fee growth of token0 as of the last action on the individual position
                            /// @return feeGrowthInside1LastX128 The fee growth of token1 as of the last action on the individual position
                            /// @return tokensOwed0 The uncollected amount of token0 owed to the position as of the last computation
                            /// @return tokensOwed1 The uncollected amount of token1 owed to the position as of the last computation
                            function positions(uint256 tokenId)
                                external
                                view
                                returns (
                                    uint96 nonce,
                                    address operator,
                                    address token0,
                                    address token1,
                                    uint24 fee,
                                    int24 tickLower,
                                    int24 tickUpper,
                                    uint128 liquidity,
                                    uint256 feeGrowthInside0LastX128,
                                    uint256 feeGrowthInside1LastX128,
                                    uint128 tokensOwed0,
                                    uint128 tokensOwed1
                                );
                            struct MintParams {
                                address token0;
                                address token1;
                                uint24 fee;
                                int24 tickLower;
                                int24 tickUpper;
                                uint256 amount0Desired;
                                uint256 amount1Desired;
                                uint256 amount0Min;
                                uint256 amount1Min;
                                address recipient;
                                uint256 deadline;
                            }
                            /// @notice Creates a new position wrapped in a NFT
                            /// @dev Call this when the pool does exist and is initialized. Note that if the pool is created but not initialized
                            /// a method does not exist, i.e. the pool is assumed to be initialized.
                            /// @param params The params necessary to mint a position, encoded as `MintParams` in calldata
                            /// @return tokenId The ID of the token that represents the minted position
                            /// @return liquidity The amount of liquidity for this position
                            /// @return amount0 The amount of token0
                            /// @return amount1 The amount of token1
                            function mint(MintParams calldata params)
                                external
                                payable
                                returns (
                                    uint256 tokenId,
                                    uint128 liquidity,
                                    uint256 amount0,
                                    uint256 amount1
                                );
                            struct IncreaseLiquidityParams {
                                uint256 tokenId;
                                uint256 amount0Desired;
                                uint256 amount1Desired;
                                uint256 amount0Min;
                                uint256 amount1Min;
                                uint256 deadline;
                            }
                            /// @notice Increases the amount of liquidity in a position, with tokens paid by the `msg.sender`
                            /// @param params tokenId The ID of the token for which liquidity is being increased,
                            /// amount0Desired The desired amount of token0 to be spent,
                            /// amount1Desired The desired amount of token1 to be spent,
                            /// amount0Min The minimum amount of token0 to spend, which serves as a slippage check,
                            /// amount1Min The minimum amount of token1 to spend, which serves as a slippage check,
                            /// deadline The time by which the transaction must be included to effect the change
                            /// @return liquidity The new liquidity amount as a result of the increase
                            /// @return amount0 The amount of token0 to acheive resulting liquidity
                            /// @return amount1 The amount of token1 to acheive resulting liquidity
                            function increaseLiquidity(IncreaseLiquidityParams calldata params)
                                external
                                payable
                                returns (
                                    uint128 liquidity,
                                    uint256 amount0,
                                    uint256 amount1
                                );
                            struct DecreaseLiquidityParams {
                                uint256 tokenId;
                                uint128 liquidity;
                                uint256 amount0Min;
                                uint256 amount1Min;
                                uint256 deadline;
                            }
                            /// @notice Decreases the amount of liquidity in a position and accounts it to the position
                            /// @param params tokenId The ID of the token for which liquidity is being decreased,
                            /// amount The amount by which liquidity will be decreased,
                            /// amount0Min The minimum amount of token0 that should be accounted for the burned liquidity,
                            /// amount1Min The minimum amount of token1 that should be accounted for the burned liquidity,
                            /// deadline The time by which the transaction must be included to effect the change
                            /// @return amount0 The amount of token0 accounted to the position's tokens owed
                            /// @return amount1 The amount of token1 accounted to the position's tokens owed
                            function decreaseLiquidity(DecreaseLiquidityParams calldata params)
                                external
                                payable
                                returns (uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);
                            struct CollectParams {
                                uint256 tokenId;
                                address recipient;
                                uint128 amount0Max;
                                uint128 amount1Max;
                            }
                            /// @notice Collects up to a maximum amount of fees owed to a specific position to the recipient
                            /// @param params tokenId The ID of the NFT for which tokens are being collected,
                            /// recipient The account that should receive the tokens,
                            /// amount0Max The maximum amount of token0 to collect,
                            /// amount1Max The maximum amount of token1 to collect
                            /// @return amount0 The amount of fees collected in token0
                            /// @return amount1 The amount of fees collected in token1
                            function collect(CollectParams calldata params) external payable returns (uint256 amount0, uint256 amount1);
                            /// @notice Burns a token ID, which deletes it from the NFT contract. The token must have 0 liquidity and all tokens
                            /// must be collected first.
                            /// @param tokenId The ID of the token that is being burned
                            function burn(uint256 tokenId) external payable;
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        pragma solidity ^0.7.0;
                        import "./IERC721.sol";
                        /**
                         * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
                         * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
                         */
                        interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the token collection name.
                             */
                            function name() external view returns (string memory);
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
                             */
                            function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
                             */
                            function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        pragma solidity ^0.7.0;
                        import "./IERC721.sol";
                        /**
                         * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
                         * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
                         */
                        interface IERC721Enumerable is IERC721 {
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
                             */
                            function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
                             * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
                             */
                            function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256 tokenId);
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
                             * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
                             */
                            function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        /// @title Creates and initializes V3 Pools
                        /// @notice Provides a method for creating and initializing a pool, if necessary, for bundling with other methods that
                        /// require the pool to exist.
                        interface IPoolInitializer {
                            /// @notice Creates a new pool if it does not exist, then initializes if not initialized
                            /// @dev This method can be bundled with others via IMulticall for the first action (e.g. mint) performed against a pool
                            /// @param token0 The contract address of token0 of the pool
                            /// @param token1 The contract address of token1 of the pool
                            /// @param fee The fee amount of the v3 pool for the specified token pair
                            /// @param sqrtPriceX96 The initial square root price of the pool as a Q64.96 value
                            /// @return pool Returns the pool address based on the pair of tokens and fee, will return the newly created pool address if necessary
                            function createAndInitializePoolIfNecessary(
                                address token0,
                                address token1,
                                uint24 fee,
                                uint160 sqrtPriceX96
                            ) external payable returns (address pool);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity >=0.7.5;
                        import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol';
                        /// @title ERC721 with permit
                        /// @notice Extension to ERC721 that includes a permit function for signature based approvals
                        interface IERC721Permit is IERC721 {
                            /// @notice The permit typehash used in the permit signature
                            /// @return The typehash for the permit
                            function PERMIT_TYPEHASH() external pure returns (bytes32);
                            /// @notice The domain separator used in the permit signature
                            /// @return The domain seperator used in encoding of permit signature
                            function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
                            /// @notice Approve of a specific token ID for spending by spender via signature
                            /// @param spender The account that is being approved
                            /// @param tokenId The ID of the token that is being approved for spending
                            /// @param deadline The deadline timestamp by which the call must be mined for the approve to work
                            /// @param v Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `s`
                            /// @param r Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `v` and `s`
                            /// @param s Must produce valid secp256k1 signature from the holder along with `r` and `v`
                            function permit(
                                address spender,
                                uint256 tokenId,
                                uint256 deadline,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) external payable;
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        pragma solidity ^0.7.0;
                        import "../../introspection/IERC165.sol";
                        /**
                         * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
                         */
                        interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
                            /**
                             * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
                             */
                            event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);
                            /**
                             * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
                             */
                            event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);
                            /**
                             * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
                             */
                            event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
                             */
                            function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - `tokenId` must exist.
                             */
                            function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);
                            /**
                             * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
                             * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
                             * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
                             * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
                             * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
                             * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
                             *
                             * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                             */
                            function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
                            /**
                             * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
                             *
                             * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
                             * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
                             * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
                             * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
                             *
                             * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                             */
                            function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
                            /**
                             * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
                             * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
                             *
                             * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
                             * - `tokenId` must exist.
                             *
                             * Emits an {Approval} event.
                             */
                            function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - `tokenId` must exist.
                             */
                            function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);
                            /**
                             * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
                             * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
                             *
                             * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
                             */
                            function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
                             *
                             * See {setApprovalForAll}
                             */
                            function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
                            /**
                              * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
                              *
                              * Requirements:
                              *
                              * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
                              * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
                              * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
                              * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
                              * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
                              *
                              * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                              */
                            function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes calldata data) external;
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        pragma solidity ^0.7.0;
                        /**
                         * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
                         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
                         *
                         * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
                         * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
                         *
                         * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
                         */
                        interface IERC165 {
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
                             * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
                             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
                             * to learn more about how these ids are created.
                             *
                             * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
                             */
                            function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        pragma abicoder v2;
                        import '../interfaces/IMulticall.sol';
                        /// @title Multicall
                        /// @notice Enables calling multiple methods in a single call to the contract
                        abstract contract Multicall is IMulticall {
                            /// @inheritdoc IMulticall
                            function multicall(bytes[] calldata data) public payable override returns (bytes[] memory results) {
                                results = new bytes[](data.length);
                                for (uint256 i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
                                    (bool success, bytes memory result) = address(this).delegatecall(data[i]);
                                    if (!success) {
                                        // Next 5 lines from https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/a/83577
                                        if (result.length < 68) revert();
                                        assembly {
                                            result := add(result, 0x04)
                                        }
                                        revert(abi.decode(result, (string)));
                                    }
                                    results[i] = result;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        import '@uniswap/v3-periphery/contracts/base/PeripheryValidation.sol';
                        abstract contract PeripheryValidationExtended is PeripheryValidation {
                            modifier checkPreviousBlockhash(bytes32 previousBlockhash) {
                                require(blockhash(block.number - 1) == previousBlockhash, 'Blockhash');
                                _;
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        pragma solidity =0.7.6;
                        import './BlockTimestamp.sol';
                        abstract contract PeripheryValidation is BlockTimestamp {
                            modifier checkDeadline(uint256 deadline) {
                                require(_blockTimestamp() <= deadline, 'Transaction too old');
                                _;
                            }
                        }
                        

                        File 2 of 6: FiatTokenProxy
                        pragma solidity ^0.4.24;
                        
                        // File: zos-lib/contracts/upgradeability/Proxy.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * @title Proxy
                         * @dev Implements delegation of calls to other contracts, with proper
                         * forwarding of return values and bubbling of failures.
                         * It defines a fallback function that delegates all calls to the address
                         * returned by the abstract _implementation() internal function.
                         */
                        contract Proxy {
                          /**
                           * @dev Fallback function.
                           * Implemented entirely in `_fallback`.
                           */
                          function () payable external {
                            _fallback();
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @return The Address of the implementation.
                           */
                          function _implementation() internal view returns (address);
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Delegates execution to an implementation contract.
                           * This is a low level function that doesn't return to its internal call site.
                           * It will return to the external caller whatever the implementation returns.
                           * @param implementation Address to delegate.
                           */
                          function _delegate(address implementation) internal {
                            assembly {
                              // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                              // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                              // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                              calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize)
                        
                              // Call the implementation.
                              // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                              let result := delegatecall(gas, implementation, 0, calldatasize, 0, 0)
                        
                              // Copy the returned data.
                              returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize)
                        
                              switch result
                              // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                              case 0 { revert(0, returndatasize) }
                              default { return(0, returndatasize) }
                            }
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Function that is run as the first thing in the fallback function.
                           * Can be redefined in derived contracts to add functionality.
                           * Redefinitions must call super._willFallback().
                           */
                          function _willFallback() internal {
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev fallback implementation.
                           * Extracted to enable manual triggering.
                           */
                          function _fallback() internal {
                            _willFallback();
                            _delegate(_implementation());
                          }
                        }
                        
                        // File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/AddressUtils.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Utility library of inline functions on addresses
                         */
                        library AddressUtils {
                        
                          /**
                           * Returns whether the target address is a contract
                           * @dev This function will return false if invoked during the constructor of a contract,
                           * as the code is not actually created until after the constructor finishes.
                           * @param addr address to check
                           * @return whether the target address is a contract
                           */
                          function isContract(address addr) internal view returns (bool) {
                            uint256 size;
                            // XXX Currently there is no better way to check if there is a contract in an address
                            // than to check the size of the code at that address.
                            // See https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/a/14016/36603
                            // for more details about how this works.
                            // TODO Check this again before the Serenity release, because all addresses will be
                            // contracts then.
                            // solium-disable-next-line security/no-inline-assembly
                            assembly { size := extcodesize(addr) }
                            return size > 0;
                          }
                        
                        }
                        
                        // File: zos-lib/contracts/upgradeability/UpgradeabilityProxy.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * @title UpgradeabilityProxy
                         * @dev This contract implements a proxy that allows to change the
                         * implementation address to which it will delegate.
                         * Such a change is called an implementation upgrade.
                         */
                        contract UpgradeabilityProxy is Proxy {
                          /**
                           * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
                           * @param implementation Address of the new implementation.
                           */
                          event Upgraded(address implementation);
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
                           * This is the keccak-256 hash of "org.zeppelinos.proxy.implementation", and is
                           * validated in the constructor.
                           */
                          bytes32 private constant IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x7050c9e0f4ca769c69bd3a8ef740bc37934f8e2c036e5a723fd8ee048ed3f8c3;
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Contract constructor.
                           * @param _implementation Address of the initial implementation.
                           */
                          constructor(address _implementation) public {
                            assert(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT == keccak256("org.zeppelinos.proxy.implementation"));
                        
                            _setImplementation(_implementation);
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Returns the current implementation.
                           * @return Address of the current implementation
                           */
                          function _implementation() internal view returns (address impl) {
                            bytes32 slot = IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
                            assembly {
                              impl := sload(slot)
                            }
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Upgrades the proxy to a new implementation.
                           * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
                           */
                          function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
                            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                            emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Sets the implementation address of the proxy.
                           * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
                           */
                          function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                            require(AddressUtils.isContract(newImplementation), "Cannot set a proxy implementation to a non-contract address");
                        
                            bytes32 slot = IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
                        
                            assembly {
                              sstore(slot, newImplementation)
                            }
                          }
                        }
                        
                        // File: zos-lib/contracts/upgradeability/AdminUpgradeabilityProxy.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * @title AdminUpgradeabilityProxy
                         * @dev This contract combines an upgradeability proxy with an authorization
                         * mechanism for administrative tasks.
                         * All external functions in this contract must be guarded by the
                         * `ifAdmin` modifier. See ethereum/solidity#3864 for a Solidity
                         * feature proposal that would enable this to be done automatically.
                         */
                        contract AdminUpgradeabilityProxy is UpgradeabilityProxy {
                          /**
                           * @dev Emitted when the administration has been transferred.
                           * @param previousAdmin Address of the previous admin.
                           * @param newAdmin Address of the new admin.
                           */
                          event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
                           * This is the keccak-256 hash of "org.zeppelinos.proxy.admin", and is
                           * validated in the constructor.
                           */
                          bytes32 private constant ADMIN_SLOT = 0x10d6a54a4754c8869d6886b5f5d7fbfa5b4522237ea5c60d11bc4e7a1ff9390b;
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Modifier to check whether the `msg.sender` is the admin.
                           * If it is, it will run the function. Otherwise, it will delegate the call
                           * to the implementation.
                           */
                          modifier ifAdmin() {
                            if (msg.sender == _admin()) {
                              _;
                            } else {
                              _fallback();
                            }
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * Contract constructor.
                           * It sets the `msg.sender` as the proxy administrator.
                           * @param _implementation address of the initial implementation.
                           */
                          constructor(address _implementation) UpgradeabilityProxy(_implementation) public {
                            assert(ADMIN_SLOT == keccak256("org.zeppelinos.proxy.admin"));
                        
                            _setAdmin(msg.sender);
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @return The address of the proxy admin.
                           */
                          function admin() external view ifAdmin returns (address) {
                            return _admin();
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @return The address of the implementation.
                           */
                          function implementation() external view ifAdmin returns (address) {
                            return _implementation();
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
                           * Only the current admin can call this function.
                           * @param newAdmin Address to transfer proxy administration to.
                           */
                          function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) external ifAdmin {
                            require(newAdmin != address(0), "Cannot change the admin of a proxy to the zero address");
                            emit AdminChanged(_admin(), newAdmin);
                            _setAdmin(newAdmin);
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Upgrade the backing implementation of the proxy.
                           * Only the admin can call this function.
                           * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
                           */
                          function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external ifAdmin {
                            _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Upgrade the backing implementation of the proxy and call a function
                           * on the new implementation.
                           * This is useful to initialize the proxied contract.
                           * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
                           * @param data Data to send as msg.data in the low level call.
                           * It should include the signature and the parameters of the function to be
                           * called, as described in
                           * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/develop/abi-spec.html#function-selector-and-argument-encoding.
                           */
                          function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes data) payable external ifAdmin {
                            _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                            require(address(this).call.value(msg.value)(data));
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @return The admin slot.
                           */
                          function _admin() internal view returns (address adm) {
                            bytes32 slot = ADMIN_SLOT;
                            assembly {
                              adm := sload(slot)
                            }
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Sets the address of the proxy admin.
                           * @param newAdmin Address of the new proxy admin.
                           */
                          function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
                            bytes32 slot = ADMIN_SLOT;
                        
                            assembly {
                              sstore(slot, newAdmin)
                            }
                          }
                        
                          /**
                           * @dev Only fall back when the sender is not the admin.
                           */
                          function _willFallback() internal {
                            require(msg.sender != _admin(), "Cannot call fallback function from the proxy admin");
                            super._willFallback();
                          }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/FiatTokenProxy.sol
                        
                        /**
                        * Copyright CENTRE SECZ 2018
                        *
                        * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy 
                        * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal 
                        * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights 
                        * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell 
                        * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to 
                        * do so, subject to the following conditions:
                        *
                        * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 
                        * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                        *
                        * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
                        * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
                        * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
                        * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
                        * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN 
                        * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
                        */
                        
                        pragma solidity ^0.4.24;
                        
                        
                        /**
                         * @title FiatTokenProxy
                         * @dev This contract proxies FiatToken calls and enables FiatToken upgrades
                        */ 
                        contract FiatTokenProxy is AdminUpgradeabilityProxy {
                            constructor(address _implementation) public AdminUpgradeabilityProxy(_implementation) {
                            }
                        }

                        File 3 of 6: WETH9
                        // Copyright (C) 2015, 2016, 2017 Dapphub
                        
                        // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
                        // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
                        // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
                        // (at your option) any later version.
                        
                        // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
                        // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
                        // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
                        // GNU General Public License for more details.
                        
                        // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
                        // along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
                        
                        pragma solidity ^0.4.18;
                        
                        contract WETH9 {
                            string public name     = "Wrapped Ether";
                            string public symbol   = "WETH";
                            uint8  public decimals = 18;
                        
                            event  Approval(address indexed src, address indexed guy, uint wad);
                            event  Transfer(address indexed src, address indexed dst, uint wad);
                            event  Deposit(address indexed dst, uint wad);
                            event  Withdrawal(address indexed src, uint wad);
                        
                            mapping (address => uint)                       public  balanceOf;
                            mapping (address => mapping (address => uint))  public  allowance;
                        
                            function() public payable {
                                deposit();
                            }
                            function deposit() public payable {
                                balanceOf[msg.sender] += msg.value;
                                Deposit(msg.sender, msg.value);
                            }
                            function withdraw(uint wad) public {
                                require(balanceOf[msg.sender] >= wad);
                                balanceOf[msg.sender] -= wad;
                                msg.sender.transfer(wad);
                                Withdrawal(msg.sender, wad);
                            }
                        
                            function totalSupply() public view returns (uint) {
                                return this.balance;
                            }
                        
                            function approve(address guy, uint wad) public returns (bool) {
                                allowance[msg.sender][guy] = wad;
                                Approval(msg.sender, guy, wad);
                                return true;
                            }
                        
                            function transfer(address dst, uint wad) public returns (bool) {
                                return transferFrom(msg.sender, dst, wad);
                            }
                        
                            function transferFrom(address src, address dst, uint wad)
                                public
                                returns (bool)
                            {
                                require(balanceOf[src] >= wad);
                        
                                if (src != msg.sender && allowance[src][msg.sender] != uint(-1)) {
                                    require(allowance[src][msg.sender] >= wad);
                                    allowance[src][msg.sender] -= wad;
                                }
                        
                                balanceOf[src] -= wad;
                                balanceOf[dst] += wad;
                        
                                Transfer(src, dst, wad);
                        
                                return true;
                            }
                        }
                        
                        
                        /*
                                            GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                                               Version 3, 29 June 2007
                        
                         Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
                         Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
                         of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
                        
                                                    Preamble
                        
                          The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
                        software and other kinds of works.
                        
                          The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
                        to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
                        the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
                        share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
                        software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
                        GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
                        any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
                        your programs, too.
                        
                          When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
                        price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
                        have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
                        them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
                        want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
                        free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
                        
                          To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
                        these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
                        certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
                        you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
                        
                          For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
                        gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
                        freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
                        or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
                        know their rights.
                        
                          Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
                        (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
                        giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
                        
                          For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
                        that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
                        authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
                        changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
                        authors of previous versions.
                        
                          Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
                        modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
                        can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
                        protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic
                        pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
                        use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.  Therefore, we
                        have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
                        products.  If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
                        stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
                        of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
                        
                          Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
                        States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
                        software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
                        avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
                        make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL assures that
                        patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
                        
                          The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
                        modification follow.
                        
                                               TERMS AND CONDITIONS
                        
                          0. Definitions.
                        
                          "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
                        
                          "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
                        works, such as semiconductor masks.
                        
                          "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
                        License.  Each licensee is addressed as "you".  "Licensees" and
                        "recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
                        
                          To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
                        in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
                        exact copy.  The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
                        earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
                        
                          A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
                        on the Program.
                        
                          To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
                        permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
                        infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
                        computer or modifying a private copy.  Propagation includes copying,
                        distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
                        public, and in some countries other activities as well.
                        
                          To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
                        parties to make or receive copies.  Mere interaction with a user through
                        a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
                        
                          An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
                        to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
                        feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
                        tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
                        extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
                        work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License.  If
                        the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
                        menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
                        
                          1. Source Code.
                        
                          The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
                        for making modifications to it.  "Object code" means any non-source
                        form of a work.
                        
                          A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
                        standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
                        interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
                        is widely used among developers working in that language.
                        
                          The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
                        than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
                        packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
                        Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
                        Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
                        implementation is available to the public in source code form.  A
                        "Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
                        (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
                        (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
                        produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
                        
                          The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
                        the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
                        work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
                        control those activities.  However, it does not include the work's
                        System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
                        programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
                        which are not part of the work.  For example, Corresponding Source
                        includes interface definition files associated with source files for
                        the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
                        linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
                        such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
                        subprograms and other parts of the work.
                        
                          The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
                        can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
                        Source.
                        
                          The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
                        same work.
                        
                          2. Basic Permissions.
                        
                          All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
                        copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
                        conditions are met.  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
                        permission to run the unmodified Program.  The output from running a
                        covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
                        content, constitutes a covered work.  This License acknowledges your
                        rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
                        
                          You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
                        convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
                        in force.  You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
                        of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
                        with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
                        the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
                        not control copyright.  Those thus making or running the covered works
                        for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
                        and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
                        your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
                        
                          Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
                        the conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
                        makes it unnecessary.
                        
                          3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
                        
                          No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
                        measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
                        11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
                        similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
                        measures.
                        
                          When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
                        circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
                        is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
                        the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
                        modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
                        users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
                        technological measures.
                        
                          4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
                        
                          You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
                        receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
                        appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
                        keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
                        non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
                        keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
                        recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
                        
                          You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
                        and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
                        
                          5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
                        
                          You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
                        produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
                        terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
                        
                            a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
                            it, and giving a relevant date.
                        
                            b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
                            released under this License and any conditions added under section
                            7.  This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
                            "keep intact all notices".
                        
                            c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
                            License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy.  This
                            License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
                            additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
                            regardless of how they are packaged.  This License gives no
                            permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
                            invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
                        
                            d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
                            Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
                            interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
                            work need not make them do so.
                        
                          A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
                        works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
                        and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
                        in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
                        "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
                        used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
                        beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work
                        in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
                        parts of the aggregate.
                        
                          6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
                        
                          You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
                        of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
                        machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
                        in one of these ways:
                        
                            a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
                            (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
                            Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
                            customarily used for software interchange.
                        
                            b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
                            (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
                            written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
                            long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
                            model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
                            copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
                            product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
                            medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
                            more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
                            conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
                            Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
                        
                            c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
                            written offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This
                            alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
                            only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
                            with subsection 6b.
                        
                            d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
                            place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
                            Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
                            further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the
                            Corresponding Source along with the object code.  If the place to
                            copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
                            may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
                            that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
                            clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
                            Corresponding Source.  Regardless of what server hosts the
                            Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
                            available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
                        
                            e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
                            you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
                            Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
                            charge under subsection 6d.
                        
                          A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
                        from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
                        included in conveying the object code work.
                        
                          A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
                        tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
                        or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
                        into a dwelling.  In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
                        doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage.  For a particular
                        product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
                        typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
                        of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
                        actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product.  A product
                        is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
                        commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
                        the only significant mode of use of the product.
                        
                          "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
                        procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
                        and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
                        a modified version of its Corresponding Source.  The information must
                        suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
                        code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
                        modification has been made.
                        
                          If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
                        specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
                        part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
                        User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
                        fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
                        Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
                        by the Installation Information.  But this requirement does not apply
                        if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
                        modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
                        been installed in ROM).
                        
                          The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
                        requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
                        for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
                        the User Product in which it has been modified or installed.  Access to a
                        network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
                        adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
                        protocols for communication across the network.
                        
                          Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
                        in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
                        documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
                        source code form), and must require no special password or key for
                        unpacking, reading or copying.
                        
                          7. Additional Terms.
                        
                          "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
                        License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
                        Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
                        be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
                        that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
                        apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
                        under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
                        this License without regard to the additional permissions.
                        
                          When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
                        remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
                        it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
                        removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place
                        additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
                        for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
                        
                          Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
                        add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
                        that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
                        
                            a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
                            terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
                        
                            b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
                            author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
                            Notices displayed by works containing it; or
                        
                            c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
                            requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
                            reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
                        
                            d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
                            authors of the material; or
                        
                            e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
                            trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
                        
                            f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
                            material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
                            it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
                            any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
                            those licensors and authors.
                        
                          All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
                        restrictions" within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
                        received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
                        governed by this License along with a term that is a further
                        restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains
                        a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
                        License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
                        of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
                        not survive such relicensing or conveying.
                        
                          If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
                        must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
                        additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
                        where to find the applicable terms.
                        
                          Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
                        form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
                        the above requirements apply either way.
                        
                          8. Termination.
                        
                          You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
                        provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
                        modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
                        this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
                        paragraph of section 11).
                        
                          However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
                        license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
                        provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
                        finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
                        holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
                        prior to 60 days after the cessation.
                        
                          Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
                        reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
                        violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
                        received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
                        copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
                        your receipt of the notice.
                        
                          Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
                        licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
                        this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
                        reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
                        material under section 10.
                        
                          9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
                        
                          You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
                        run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
                        occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
                        to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
                        nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
                        modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
                        not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
                        covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
                        
                          10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
                        
                          Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
                        receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
                        propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
                        for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
                        
                          An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
                        organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
                        organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
                        work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
                        transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
                        licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
                        give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
                        Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
                        the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
                        
                          You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
                        rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
                        not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
                        rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
                        (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
                        any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
                        sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
                        
                          11. Patents.
                        
                          A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
                        License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
                        work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
                        
                          A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
                        owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
                        hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
                        by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
                        but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
                        consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
                        purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
                        patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
                        this License.
                        
                          Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
                        patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
                        make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
                        propagate the contents of its contributor version.
                        
                          In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
                        agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
                        (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
                        sue for patent infringement).  To "grant" such a patent license to a
                        party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
                        patent against the party.
                        
                          If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
                        and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
                        to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
                        publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
                        then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
                        available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
                        patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
                        consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
                        license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
                        actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
                        covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
                        in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
                        country that you have reason to believe are valid.
                        
                          If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
                        arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
                        covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
                        receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
                        or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
                        you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
                        work and works based on it.
                        
                          A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
                        the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
                        conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
                        specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
                        work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
                        in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
                        to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
                        the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
                        parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
                        patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
                        conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
                        for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
                        contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
                        or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
                        
                          Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
                        any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
                        otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
                        
                          12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
                        
                          If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
                        otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
                        excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
                        covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
                        License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
                        not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
                        to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
                        the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
                        License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
                        
                          13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
                        
                          Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
                        permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
                        under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
                        combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
                        License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
                        but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
                        section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
                        combination as such.
                        
                          14. Revised Versions of this License.
                        
                          The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
                        the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
                        be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
                        address new problems or concerns.
                        
                          Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
                        Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
                        Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
                        option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
                        version or of any later version published by the Free Software
                        Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
                        GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
                        by the Free Software Foundation.
                        
                          If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
                        versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
                        public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
                        to choose that version for the Program.
                        
                          Later license versions may give you additional or different
                        permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
                        author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
                        later version.
                        
                          15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
                        
                          THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
                        APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
                        HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
                        OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
                        THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
                        PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
                        IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
                        ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
                        
                          16. Limitation of Liability.
                        
                          IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
                        WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
                        THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
                        GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
                        USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
                        DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
                        PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
                        EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
                        SUCH DAMAGES.
                        
                          17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
                        
                          If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
                        above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
                        reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
                        an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
                        Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
                        copy of the Program in return for a fee.
                        
                                             END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
                        
                                    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
                        
                          If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
                        possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
                        free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
                        
                          To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
                        to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
                        state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
                        the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
                        
                            <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
                            Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
                        
                            This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
                            it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
                            the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
                            (at your option) any later version.
                        
                            This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
                            but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
                            MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
                            GNU General Public License for more details.
                        
                            You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
                            along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
                        
                        Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
                        
                          If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
                        notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
                        
                            <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
                            This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
                            This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
                            under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
                        
                        The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
                        parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
                        might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
                        
                          You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
                        if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
                        For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
                        <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
                        
                          The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
                        into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
                        may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
                        the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
                        Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
                        <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
                        
                        */

                        File 4 of 6: UniswapV2Pair
                        // File: contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Pair.sol
                        
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        
                        interface IUniswapV2Pair {
                            event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
                            event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);
                        
                            function name() external pure returns (string memory);
                            function symbol() external pure returns (string memory);
                            function decimals() external pure returns (uint8);
                            function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);
                            function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint);
                            function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint);
                        
                            function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool);
                            function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
                            function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
                        
                            function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
                            function PERMIT_TYPEHASH() external pure returns (bytes32);
                            function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint);
                        
                            function permit(address owner, address spender, uint value, uint deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external;
                        
                            event Mint(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1);
                            event Burn(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1, address indexed to);
                            event Swap(
                                address indexed sender,
                                uint amount0In,
                                uint amount1In,
                                uint amount0Out,
                                uint amount1Out,
                                address indexed to
                            );
                            event Sync(uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1);
                        
                            function MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY() external pure returns (uint);
                            function factory() external view returns (address);
                            function token0() external view returns (address);
                            function token1() external view returns (address);
                            function getReserves() external view returns (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1, uint32 blockTimestampLast);
                            function price0CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
                            function price1CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
                            function kLast() external view returns (uint);
                        
                            function mint(address to) external returns (uint liquidity);
                            function burn(address to) external returns (uint amount0, uint amount1);
                            function swap(uint amount0Out, uint amount1Out, address to, bytes calldata data) external;
                            function skim(address to) external;
                            function sync() external;
                        
                            function initialize(address, address) external;
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2ERC20.sol
                        
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        
                        interface IUniswapV2ERC20 {
                            event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
                            event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);
                        
                            function name() external pure returns (string memory);
                            function symbol() external pure returns (string memory);
                            function decimals() external pure returns (uint8);
                            function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);
                            function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint);
                            function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint);
                        
                            function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool);
                            function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
                            function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
                        
                            function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
                            function PERMIT_TYPEHASH() external pure returns (bytes32);
                            function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint);
                        
                            function permit(address owner, address spender, uint value, uint deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external;
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/libraries/SafeMath.sol
                        
                        pragma solidity =0.5.16;
                        
                        // a library for performing overflow-safe math, courtesy of DappHub (https://github.com/dapphub/ds-math)
                        
                        library SafeMath {
                            function add(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
                                require((z = x + y) >= x, 'ds-math-add-overflow');
                            }
                        
                            function sub(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
                                require((z = x - y) <= x, 'ds-math-sub-underflow');
                            }
                        
                            function mul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
                                require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x, 'ds-math-mul-overflow');
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/UniswapV2ERC20.sol
                        
                        pragma solidity =0.5.16;
                        
                        
                        
                        contract UniswapV2ERC20 is IUniswapV2ERC20 {
                            using SafeMath for uint;
                        
                            string public constant name = 'Uniswap V2';
                            string public constant symbol = 'UNI-V2';
                            uint8 public constant decimals = 18;
                            uint  public totalSupply;
                            mapping(address => uint) public balanceOf;
                            mapping(address => mapping(address => uint)) public allowance;
                        
                            bytes32 public DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
                            // keccak256("Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");
                            bytes32 public constant PERMIT_TYPEHASH = 0x6e71edae12b1b97f4d1f60370fef10105fa2faae0126114a169c64845d6126c9;
                            mapping(address => uint) public nonces;
                        
                            event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
                            event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);
                        
                            constructor() public {
                                uint chainId;
                                assembly {
                                    chainId := chainid
                                }
                                DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = keccak256(
                                    abi.encode(
                                        keccak256('EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)'),
                                        keccak256(bytes(name)),
                                        keccak256(bytes('1')),
                                        chainId,
                                        address(this)
                                    )
                                );
                            }
                        
                            function _mint(address to, uint value) internal {
                                totalSupply = totalSupply.add(value);
                                balanceOf[to] = balanceOf[to].add(value);
                                emit Transfer(address(0), to, value);
                            }
                        
                            function _burn(address from, uint value) internal {
                                balanceOf[from] = balanceOf[from].sub(value);
                                totalSupply = totalSupply.sub(value);
                                emit Transfer(from, address(0), value);
                            }
                        
                            function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint value) private {
                                allowance[owner][spender] = value;
                                emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
                            }
                        
                            function _transfer(address from, address to, uint value) private {
                                balanceOf[from] = balanceOf[from].sub(value);
                                balanceOf[to] = balanceOf[to].add(value);
                                emit Transfer(from, to, value);
                            }
                        
                            function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool) {
                                _approve(msg.sender, spender, value);
                                return true;
                            }
                        
                            function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool) {
                                _transfer(msg.sender, to, value);
                                return true;
                            }
                        
                            function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) external returns (bool) {
                                if (allowance[from][msg.sender] != uint(-1)) {
                                    allowance[from][msg.sender] = allowance[from][msg.sender].sub(value);
                                }
                                _transfer(from, to, value);
                                return true;
                            }
                        
                            function permit(address owner, address spender, uint value, uint deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external {
                                require(deadline >= block.timestamp, 'UniswapV2: EXPIRED');
                                bytes32 digest = keccak256(
                                    abi.encodePacked(
                                        '\x19\x01',
                                        DOMAIN_SEPARATOR,
                                        keccak256(abi.encode(PERMIT_TYPEHASH, owner, spender, value, nonces[owner]++, deadline))
                                    )
                                );
                                address recoveredAddress = ecrecover(digest, v, r, s);
                                require(recoveredAddress != address(0) && recoveredAddress == owner, 'UniswapV2: INVALID_SIGNATURE');
                                _approve(owner, spender, value);
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/libraries/Math.sol
                        
                        pragma solidity =0.5.16;
                        
                        // a library for performing various math operations
                        
                        library Math {
                            function min(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
                                z = x < y ? x : y;
                            }
                        
                            // babylonian method (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing_square_roots#Babylonian_method)
                            function sqrt(uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
                                if (y > 3) {
                                    z = y;
                                    uint x = y / 2 + 1;
                                    while (x < z) {
                                        z = x;
                                        x = (y / x + x) / 2;
                                    }
                                } else if (y != 0) {
                                    z = 1;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/libraries/UQ112x112.sol
                        
                        pragma solidity =0.5.16;
                        
                        // a library for handling binary fixed point numbers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(number_format))
                        
                        // range: [0, 2**112 - 1]
                        // resolution: 1 / 2**112
                        
                        library UQ112x112 {
                            uint224 constant Q112 = 2**112;
                        
                            // encode a uint112 as a UQ112x112
                            function encode(uint112 y) internal pure returns (uint224 z) {
                                z = uint224(y) * Q112; // never overflows
                            }
                        
                            // divide a UQ112x112 by a uint112, returning a UQ112x112
                            function uqdiv(uint224 x, uint112 y) internal pure returns (uint224 z) {
                                z = x / uint224(y);
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/interfaces/IERC20.sol
                        
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        
                        interface IERC20 {
                            event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
                            event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);
                        
                            function name() external view returns (string memory);
                            function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
                            function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
                            function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);
                            function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint);
                            function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint);
                        
                            function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool);
                            function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
                            function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Factory.sol
                        
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        
                        interface IUniswapV2Factory {
                            event PairCreated(address indexed token0, address indexed token1, address pair, uint);
                        
                            function feeTo() external view returns (address);
                            function feeToSetter() external view returns (address);
                        
                            function getPair(address tokenA, address tokenB) external view returns (address pair);
                            function allPairs(uint) external view returns (address pair);
                            function allPairsLength() external view returns (uint);
                        
                            function createPair(address tokenA, address tokenB) external returns (address pair);
                        
                            function setFeeTo(address) external;
                            function setFeeToSetter(address) external;
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/interfaces/IUniswapV2Callee.sol
                        
                        pragma solidity >=0.5.0;
                        
                        interface IUniswapV2Callee {
                            function uniswapV2Call(address sender, uint amount0, uint amount1, bytes calldata data) external;
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/UniswapV2Pair.sol
                        
                        pragma solidity =0.5.16;
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        contract UniswapV2Pair is IUniswapV2Pair, UniswapV2ERC20 {
                            using SafeMath  for uint;
                            using UQ112x112 for uint224;
                        
                            uint public constant MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY = 10**3;
                            bytes4 private constant SELECTOR = bytes4(keccak256(bytes('transfer(address,uint256)')));
                        
                            address public factory;
                            address public token0;
                            address public token1;
                        
                            uint112 private reserve0;           // uses single storage slot, accessible via getReserves
                            uint112 private reserve1;           // uses single storage slot, accessible via getReserves
                            uint32  private blockTimestampLast; // uses single storage slot, accessible via getReserves
                        
                            uint public price0CumulativeLast;
                            uint public price1CumulativeLast;
                            uint public kLast; // reserve0 * reserve1, as of immediately after the most recent liquidity event
                        
                            uint private unlocked = 1;
                            modifier lock() {
                                require(unlocked == 1, 'UniswapV2: LOCKED');
                                unlocked = 0;
                                _;
                                unlocked = 1;
                            }
                        
                            function getReserves() public view returns (uint112 _reserve0, uint112 _reserve1, uint32 _blockTimestampLast) {
                                _reserve0 = reserve0;
                                _reserve1 = reserve1;
                                _blockTimestampLast = blockTimestampLast;
                            }
                        
                            function _safeTransfer(address token, address to, uint value) private {
                                (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(SELECTOR, to, value));
                                require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'UniswapV2: TRANSFER_FAILED');
                            }
                        
                            event Mint(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1);
                            event Burn(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1, address indexed to);
                            event Swap(
                                address indexed sender,
                                uint amount0In,
                                uint amount1In,
                                uint amount0Out,
                                uint amount1Out,
                                address indexed to
                            );
                            event Sync(uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1);
                        
                            constructor() public {
                                factory = msg.sender;
                            }
                        
                            // called once by the factory at time of deployment
                            function initialize(address _token0, address _token1) external {
                                require(msg.sender == factory, 'UniswapV2: FORBIDDEN'); // sufficient check
                                token0 = _token0;
                                token1 = _token1;
                            }
                        
                            // update reserves and, on the first call per block, price accumulators
                            function _update(uint balance0, uint balance1, uint112 _reserve0, uint112 _reserve1) private {
                                require(balance0 <= uint112(-1) && balance1 <= uint112(-1), 'UniswapV2: OVERFLOW');
                                uint32 blockTimestamp = uint32(block.timestamp % 2**32);
                                uint32 timeElapsed = blockTimestamp - blockTimestampLast; // overflow is desired
                                if (timeElapsed > 0 && _reserve0 != 0 && _reserve1 != 0) {
                                    // * never overflows, and + overflow is desired
                                    price0CumulativeLast += uint(UQ112x112.encode(_reserve1).uqdiv(_reserve0)) * timeElapsed;
                                    price1CumulativeLast += uint(UQ112x112.encode(_reserve0).uqdiv(_reserve1)) * timeElapsed;
                                }
                                reserve0 = uint112(balance0);
                                reserve1 = uint112(balance1);
                                blockTimestampLast = blockTimestamp;
                                emit Sync(reserve0, reserve1);
                            }
                        
                            // if fee is on, mint liquidity equivalent to 1/6th of the growth in sqrt(k)
                            function _mintFee(uint112 _reserve0, uint112 _reserve1) private returns (bool feeOn) {
                                address feeTo = IUniswapV2Factory(factory).feeTo();
                                feeOn = feeTo != address(0);
                                uint _kLast = kLast; // gas savings
                                if (feeOn) {
                                    if (_kLast != 0) {
                                        uint rootK = Math.sqrt(uint(_reserve0).mul(_reserve1));
                                        uint rootKLast = Math.sqrt(_kLast);
                                        if (rootK > rootKLast) {
                                            uint numerator = totalSupply.mul(rootK.sub(rootKLast));
                                            uint denominator = rootK.mul(5).add(rootKLast);
                                            uint liquidity = numerator / denominator;
                                            if (liquidity > 0) _mint(feeTo, liquidity);
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else if (_kLast != 0) {
                                    kLast = 0;
                                }
                            }
                        
                            // this low-level function should be called from a contract which performs important safety checks
                            function mint(address to) external lock returns (uint liquidity) {
                                (uint112 _reserve0, uint112 _reserve1,) = getReserves(); // gas savings
                                uint balance0 = IERC20(token0).balanceOf(address(this));
                                uint balance1 = IERC20(token1).balanceOf(address(this));
                                uint amount0 = balance0.sub(_reserve0);
                                uint amount1 = balance1.sub(_reserve1);
                        
                                bool feeOn = _mintFee(_reserve0, _reserve1);
                                uint _totalSupply = totalSupply; // gas savings, must be defined here since totalSupply can update in _mintFee
                                if (_totalSupply == 0) {
                                    liquidity = Math.sqrt(amount0.mul(amount1)).sub(MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY);
                                   _mint(address(0), MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY); // permanently lock the first MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY tokens
                                } else {
                                    liquidity = Math.min(amount0.mul(_totalSupply) / _reserve0, amount1.mul(_totalSupply) / _reserve1);
                                }
                                require(liquidity > 0, 'UniswapV2: INSUFFICIENT_LIQUIDITY_MINTED');
                                _mint(to, liquidity);
                        
                                _update(balance0, balance1, _reserve0, _reserve1);
                                if (feeOn) kLast = uint(reserve0).mul(reserve1); // reserve0 and reserve1 are up-to-date
                                emit Mint(msg.sender, amount0, amount1);
                            }
                        
                            // this low-level function should be called from a contract which performs important safety checks
                            function burn(address to) external lock returns (uint amount0, uint amount1) {
                                (uint112 _reserve0, uint112 _reserve1,) = getReserves(); // gas savings
                                address _token0 = token0;                                // gas savings
                                address _token1 = token1;                                // gas savings
                                uint balance0 = IERC20(_token0).balanceOf(address(this));
                                uint balance1 = IERC20(_token1).balanceOf(address(this));
                                uint liquidity = balanceOf[address(this)];
                        
                                bool feeOn = _mintFee(_reserve0, _reserve1);
                                uint _totalSupply = totalSupply; // gas savings, must be defined here since totalSupply can update in _mintFee
                                amount0 = liquidity.mul(balance0) / _totalSupply; // using balances ensures pro-rata distribution
                                amount1 = liquidity.mul(balance1) / _totalSupply; // using balances ensures pro-rata distribution
                                require(amount0 > 0 && amount1 > 0, 'UniswapV2: INSUFFICIENT_LIQUIDITY_BURNED');
                                _burn(address(this), liquidity);
                                _safeTransfer(_token0, to, amount0);
                                _safeTransfer(_token1, to, amount1);
                                balance0 = IERC20(_token0).balanceOf(address(this));
                                balance1 = IERC20(_token1).balanceOf(address(this));
                        
                                _update(balance0, balance1, _reserve0, _reserve1);
                                if (feeOn) kLast = uint(reserve0).mul(reserve1); // reserve0 and reserve1 are up-to-date
                                emit Burn(msg.sender, amount0, amount1, to);
                            }
                        
                            // this low-level function should be called from a contract which performs important safety checks
                            function swap(uint amount0Out, uint amount1Out, address to, bytes calldata data) external lock {
                                require(amount0Out > 0 || amount1Out > 0, 'UniswapV2: INSUFFICIENT_OUTPUT_AMOUNT');
                                (uint112 _reserve0, uint112 _reserve1,) = getReserves(); // gas savings
                                require(amount0Out < _reserve0 && amount1Out < _reserve1, 'UniswapV2: INSUFFICIENT_LIQUIDITY');
                        
                                uint balance0;
                                uint balance1;
                                { // scope for _token{0,1}, avoids stack too deep errors
                                address _token0 = token0;
                                address _token1 = token1;
                                require(to != _token0 && to != _token1, 'UniswapV2: INVALID_TO');
                                if (amount0Out > 0) _safeTransfer(_token0, to, amount0Out); // optimistically transfer tokens
                                if (amount1Out > 0) _safeTransfer(_token1, to, amount1Out); // optimistically transfer tokens
                                if (data.length > 0) IUniswapV2Callee(to).uniswapV2Call(msg.sender, amount0Out, amount1Out, data);
                                balance0 = IERC20(_token0).balanceOf(address(this));
                                balance1 = IERC20(_token1).balanceOf(address(this));
                                }
                                uint amount0In = balance0 > _reserve0 - amount0Out ? balance0 - (_reserve0 - amount0Out) : 0;
                                uint amount1In = balance1 > _reserve1 - amount1Out ? balance1 - (_reserve1 - amount1Out) : 0;
                                require(amount0In > 0 || amount1In > 0, 'UniswapV2: INSUFFICIENT_INPUT_AMOUNT');
                                { // scope for reserve{0,1}Adjusted, avoids stack too deep errors
                                uint balance0Adjusted = balance0.mul(1000).sub(amount0In.mul(3));
                                uint balance1Adjusted = balance1.mul(1000).sub(amount1In.mul(3));
                                require(balance0Adjusted.mul(balance1Adjusted) >= uint(_reserve0).mul(_reserve1).mul(1000**2), 'UniswapV2: K');
                                }
                        
                                _update(balance0, balance1, _reserve0, _reserve1);
                                emit Swap(msg.sender, amount0In, amount1In, amount0Out, amount1Out, to);
                            }
                        
                            // force balances to match reserves
                            function skim(address to) external lock {
                                address _token0 = token0; // gas savings
                                address _token1 = token1; // gas savings
                                _safeTransfer(_token0, to, IERC20(_token0).balanceOf(address(this)).sub(reserve0));
                                _safeTransfer(_token1, to, IERC20(_token1).balanceOf(address(this)).sub(reserve1));
                            }
                        
                            // force reserves to match balances
                            function sync() external lock {
                                _update(IERC20(token0).balanceOf(address(this)), IERC20(token1).balanceOf(address(this)), reserve0, reserve1);
                            }
                        }

                        File 5 of 6: AVATAR
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
                        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                        import "../utils/Context.sol";
                        /**
                         * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
                         * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
                         * specific functions.
                         *
                         * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
                         * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
                         *
                         * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
                         * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
                         * the owner.
                         */
                        abstract contract Ownable is Context {
                            address private _owner;
                            event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
                            /**
                             * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
                             */
                            constructor() {
                                _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
                             */
                            modifier onlyOwner() {
                                _checkOwner();
                                _;
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
                             */
                            function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
                                return _owner;
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
                             */
                            function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
                                require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
                             * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
                             *
                             * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
                             * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
                             */
                            function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
                                _transferOwnership(address(0));
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
                             * Can only be called by the current owner.
                             */
                            function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
                                require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
                                _transferOwnership(newOwner);
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
                             * Internal function without access restriction.
                             */
                            function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
                                address oldOwner = _owner;
                                _owner = newOwner;
                                emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/Address.sol)
                        pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
                        /**
                         * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
                         */
                        library Address {
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
                             *
                             * [IMPORTANT]
                             * ====
                             * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
                             * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
                             *
                             * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
                             * types of addresses:
                             *
                             *  - an externally-owned account
                             *  - a contract in construction
                             *  - an address where a contract will be created
                             *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                             * ====
                             *
                             * [IMPORTANT]
                             * ====
                             * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
                             *
                             * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
                             * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
                             * constructor.
                             * ====
                             */
                            function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                                // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
                                // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
                                // of the constructor execution.
                                return account.code.length > 0;
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                             * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                             *
                             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                             * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                             * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                             * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                             *
                             * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                             *
                             * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                             * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                             * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                             * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                             */
                            function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                                require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                                (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                                require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                             * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                             * function instead.
                             *
                             * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
                             * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
                             *
                             * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                             * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - `target` must be a contract.
                             * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                             *
                             * _Available since v3.1._
                             */
                            function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
                             * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                             *
                             * _Available since v3.1._
                             */
                            function functionCall(
                                address target,
                                bytes memory data,
                                string memory errorMessage
                            ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                             * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                             * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                             *
                             * _Available since v3.1._
                             */
                            function functionCallWithValue(
                                address target,
                                bytes memory data,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
                             * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                             *
                             * _Available since v3.1._
                             */
                            function functionCallWithValue(
                                address target,
                                bytes memory data,
                                uint256 value,
                                string memory errorMessage
                            ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                                (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                                return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                             * but performing a static call.
                             *
                             * _Available since v3.3._
                             */
                            function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                             * but performing a static call.
                             *
                             * _Available since v3.3._
                             */
                            function functionStaticCall(
                                address target,
                                bytes memory data,
                                string memory errorMessage
                            ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
                                (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                                return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                             * but performing a delegate call.
                             *
                             * _Available since v3.4._
                             */
                            function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                             * but performing a delegate call.
                             *
                             * _Available since v3.4._
                             */
                            function functionDelegateCall(
                                address target,
                                bytes memory data,
                                string memory errorMessage
                            ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
                                (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                                return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                            }
                            /**
                             * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
                             * revert reason using the provided one.
                             *
                             * _Available since v4.3._
                             */
                            function verifyCallResult(
                                bool success,
                                bytes memory returndata,
                                string memory errorMessage
                            ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                                if (success) {
                                    return returndata;
                                } else {
                                    // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                                    if (returndata.length > 0) {
                                        // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                                        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                                        assembly {
                                            let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                                            revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                                        }
                                    } else {
                                        revert(errorMessage);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
                        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                        /**
                         * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
                         * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
                         * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
                         * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
                         * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
                         * is concerned).
                         *
                         * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
                         */
                        abstract contract Context {
                            function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
                                return msg.sender;
                            }
                            function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
                                return msg.data;
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        pragma solidity 0.8.9;
                        import "./ERC20.sol";
                        import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
                        import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
                        contract AVATAR is ERC20, Ownable {
                            uint256 private constant MAX_BPS = 100_00;
                            uint256 public immutable start;
                            uint256 public immutable end;
                            uint256 public immutable initialPenalty;
                            uint96 public fee;
                            address public pair;
                            bool private active;
                            mapping(address => bool) public whitelisted;
                            constructor() ERC20("Avatar Moon", "AVATAR", 18) {
                                start = block.timestamp;
                                initialPenalty = 7_00; // 7%
                                end = block.timestamp + 30 days;
                                fee = 3_33; // 3.33%
                                active = false;
                                require(initialPenalty <= MAX_BPS, "max penalty is 100%");
                                require(fee <= MAX_BPS, "max fee is 100%");
                                require(start <= end, "start must be <= end");
                                whitelisted[msg.sender] = true;
                                _mint(msg.sender, 250_000_000e18);
                            }
                            function currentPenalty() public view returns (uint256 _penalty) {
                                if (block.timestamp < end) {
                                    unchecked {
                                        uint256 _remaining = end - block.timestamp;
                                        _penalty = (initialPenalty * _remaining) / (end - start);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            function _transfer(address sender_, address recipient_, uint256 amount_) internal override {
                                if (!whitelisted[sender_]) {
                                    require(active, "!active");
                                    uint256 _feeAmount = (amount_ * fee) / MAX_BPS;
                                    // Burn penalty
                                    if (sender_ != pair && block.timestamp < end) {
                                        uint256 _burnt = (amount_ * currentPenalty()) / MAX_BPS;
                                        if (_burnt > 0) {
                                            super._transfer(sender_, address(0), _burnt);
                                            // `_burnt` is always <= `amount_`
                                            unchecked {
                                                amount_ -= _burnt;
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                    // Collect fee
                                    if (_feeAmount > 0) {
                                        super._transfer(sender_, owner(), _feeAmount);
                                        // `_feeAmount` is always <= `amount_`
                                        unchecked {
                                            amount_ -= _feeAmount;
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                super._transfer(sender_, recipient_, amount_);
                            }
                            function updatePair(address pair_) external onlyOwner {
                                pair = pair_;
                                active = true;
                            }
                            function updateFee(uint96 fee_) external onlyOwner {
                                require(fee_ <= MAX_BPS, "max fee is 100%");
                                fee = fee_;
                            }
                            function toggleWhitelist(address address_) external onlyOwner {
                                whitelisted[address_] = !whitelisted[address_];
                            }
                            function sweep(IERC20 token_) external onlyOwner {
                                if (address(token_) == address(0)) {
                                    Address.sendValue(payable(owner()), address(this).balance);
                                } else {
                                    token_.transfer(owner(), token_.balanceOf(address(this)));
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        pragma solidity ^0.8.7;
                        import {IERC20} from "./interfaces/IERC20.sol";
                        /*
                            ███████╗██████╗  ██████╗    ██████╗  ██████╗
                            ██╔════╝██╔══██╗██╔════╝    ╚════██╗██╔═████╗
                            █████╗  ██████╔╝██║          █████╔╝██║██╔██║
                            ██╔══╝  ██╔══██╗██║         ██╔═══╝ ████╔╝██║
                            ███████╗██║  ██║╚██████╗    ███████╗╚██████╔╝
                            ╚══════╝╚═╝  ╚═╝ ╚═════╝    ╚══════╝ ╚═════╝
                        */
                        /**
                         *  @title Modern ERC-20 implementation.
                         *  @dev   Acknowledgements to Solmate, OpenZeppelin, and DSS for inspiring this code.
                         */
                        contract ERC20 is IERC20 {
                            /**************/
                            /*** ERC-20 ***/
                            /**************/
                            string public override name;
                            string public override symbol;
                            uint8 public immutable override decimals;
                            uint256 public override totalSupply;
                            mapping(address => uint256) public override balanceOf;
                            mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) public override allowance;
                            /**
                             *  @param name_     The name of the token.
                             *  @param symbol_   The symbol of the token.
                             *  @param decimals_ The decimal precision used by the token.
                             */
                            constructor(
                                string memory name_,
                                string memory symbol_,
                                uint8 decimals_
                            ) {
                                name = name_;
                                symbol = symbol_;
                                decimals = decimals_;
                            }
                            /**************************/
                            /*** External Functions ***/
                            /**************************/
                            function approve(address spender_, uint256 amount_) public virtual override returns (bool success_) {
                                _approve(msg.sender, spender_, amount_);
                                return true;
                            }
                            function decreaseAllowance(address spender_, uint256 subtractedAmount_)
                                public
                                virtual
                                override
                                returns (bool success_)
                            {
                                _decreaseAllowance(msg.sender, spender_, subtractedAmount_);
                                return true;
                            }
                            function increaseAllowance(address spender_, uint256 addedAmount_) public virtual override returns (bool success_) {
                                _approve(msg.sender, spender_, allowance[msg.sender][spender_] + addedAmount_);
                                return true;
                            }
                            function transfer(address recipient_, uint256 amount_) public virtual override returns (bool success_) {
                                _transfer(msg.sender, recipient_, amount_);
                                return true;
                            }
                            function transferFrom(
                                address owner_,
                                address recipient_,
                                uint256 amount_
                            ) public virtual override returns (bool success_) {
                                _decreaseAllowance(owner_, msg.sender, amount_);
                                _transfer(owner_, recipient_, amount_);
                                return true;
                            }
                            /**************************/
                            /*** Internal Functions ***/
                            /**************************/
                            function _approve(
                                address owner_,
                                address spender_,
                                uint256 amount_
                            ) internal {
                                emit Approval(owner_, spender_, allowance[owner_][spender_] = amount_);
                            }
                            function _burn(address owner_, uint256 amount_) internal {
                                balanceOf[owner_] -= amount_;
                                // Cannot underflow because a user's balance will never be larger than the total supply.
                                unchecked {
                                    totalSupply -= amount_;
                                }
                                emit Transfer(owner_, address(0), amount_);
                            }
                            function _decreaseAllowance(
                                address owner_,
                                address spender_,
                                uint256 subtractedAmount_
                            ) internal {
                                uint256 spenderAllowance = allowance[owner_][spender_]; // Cache to memory.
                                if (spenderAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
                                    _approve(owner_, spender_, spenderAllowance - subtractedAmount_);
                                }
                            }
                            function _mint(address recipient_, uint256 amount_) internal {
                                totalSupply += amount_;
                                // Cannot overflow because totalSupply would first overflow in the statement above.
                                unchecked {
                                    balanceOf[recipient_] += amount_;
                                }
                                emit Transfer(address(0), recipient_, amount_);
                            }
                            function _transfer(
                                address owner_,
                                address recipient_,
                                uint256 amount_
                            ) internal virtual {
                                balanceOf[owner_] -= amount_;
                                // Cannot overflow because minting prevents overflow of totalSupply, and sum of user balances == totalSupply.
                                unchecked {
                                    balanceOf[recipient_] += amount_;
                                }
                                emit Transfer(owner_, recipient_, amount_);
                            }
                        }
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        pragma solidity ^0.8.7;
                        /// @title Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP, including EIP-2612 permit functionality.
                        interface IERC20 {
                            /**************/
                            /*** Events ***/
                            /**************/
                            /**
                             *  @dev   Emitted when one account has set the allowance of another account over their tokens.
                             *  @param owner_   Account that tokens are approved from.
                             *  @param spender_ Account that tokens are approved for.
                             *  @param amount_  Amount of tokens that have been approved.
                             */
                            event Approval(address indexed owner_, address indexed spender_, uint256 amount_);
                            /**
                             *  @dev   Emitted when tokens have moved from one account to another.
                             *  @param owner_     Account that tokens have moved from.
                             *  @param recipient_ Account that tokens have moved to.
                             *  @param amount_    Amount of tokens that have been transferred.
                             */
                            event Transfer(address indexed owner_, address indexed recipient_, uint256 amount_);
                            /**************************/
                            /*** External Functions ***/
                            /**************************/
                            /**
                             *  @dev    Function that allows one account to set the allowance of another account over their tokens.
                             *          Emits an {Approval} event.
                             *  @param  spender_ Account that tokens are approved for.
                             *  @param  amount_  Amount of tokens that have been approved.
                             *  @return success_ Boolean indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                             */
                            function approve(address spender_, uint256 amount_) external returns (bool success_);
                            /**
                             *  @dev    Function that allows one account to decrease the allowance of another account over their tokens.
                             *          Emits an {Approval} event.
                             *  @param  spender_          Account that tokens are approved for.
                             *  @param  subtractedAmount_ Amount to decrease approval by.
                             *  @return success_          Boolean indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                             */
                            function decreaseAllowance(address spender_, uint256 subtractedAmount_) external returns (bool success_);
                            /**
                             *  @dev    Function that allows one account to increase the allowance of another account over their tokens.
                             *          Emits an {Approval} event.
                             *  @param  spender_     Account that tokens are approved for.
                             *  @param  addedAmount_ Amount to increase approval by.
                             *  @return success_     Boolean indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                             */
                            function increaseAllowance(address spender_, uint256 addedAmount_) external returns (bool success_);
                            /**
                             *  @dev    Moves an amount of tokens from `msg.sender` to a specified account.
                             *          Emits a {Transfer} event.
                             *  @param  recipient_ Account that receives tokens.
                             *  @param  amount_    Amount of tokens that are transferred.
                             *  @return success_   Boolean indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                             */
                            function transfer(address recipient_, uint256 amount_) external returns (bool success_);
                            /**
                             *  @dev    Moves a pre-approved amount of tokens from a sender to a specified account.
                             *          Emits a {Transfer} event.
                             *          Emits an {Approval} event.
                             *  @param  owner_     Account that tokens are moving from.
                             *  @param  recipient_ Account that receives tokens.
                             *  @param  amount_    Amount of tokens that are transferred.
                             *  @return success_   Boolean indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                             */
                            function transferFrom(
                                address owner_,
                                address recipient_,
                                uint256 amount_
                            ) external returns (bool success_);
                            /**********************/
                            /*** View Functions ***/
                            /**********************/
                            /**
                             *  @dev    Returns the allowance that one account has given another over their tokens.
                             *  @param  owner_     Account that tokens are approved from.
                             *  @param  spender_   Account that tokens are approved for.
                             *  @return allowance_ Allowance that one account has given another over their tokens.
                             */
                            function allowance(address owner_, address spender_) external view returns (uint256 allowance_);
                            /**
                             *  @dev    Returns the amount of tokens owned by a given account.
                             *  @param  account_ Account that owns the tokens.
                             *  @return balance_ Amount of tokens owned by a given account.
                             */
                            function balanceOf(address account_) external view returns (uint256 balance_);
                            /**
                             *  @dev    Returns the decimal precision used by the token.
                             *  @return decimals_ The decimal precision used by the token.
                             */
                            function decimals() external view returns (uint8 decimals_);
                            /**
                             *  @dev    Returns the name of the token.
                             *  @return name_ The name of the token.
                             */
                            function name() external view returns (string memory name_);
                            /**
                             *  @dev    Returns the symbol of the token.
                             *  @return symbol_ The symbol of the token.
                             */
                            function symbol() external view returns (string memory symbol_);
                            /**
                             *  @dev    Returns the total amount of tokens in existence.
                             *  @return totalSupply_ The total amount of tokens in existence.
                             */
                            function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256 totalSupply_);
                        }
                        

                        File 6 of 6: FiatTokenV2_1
                        // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol
                        
                        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                        
                        pragma solidity ^0.6.0;
                        
                        /**
                         * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
                         * checks.
                         *
                         * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
                         * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
                         * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
                         * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
                         * operation overflows.
                         *
                         * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
                         * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
                         */
                        library SafeMath {
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
                             * overflow.
                             *
                             * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - Addition cannot overflow.
                             */
                            function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                uint256 c = a + b;
                                require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");
                        
                                return c;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
                             * overflow (when the result is negative).
                             *
                             * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
                             */
                            function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
                             * overflow (when the result is negative).
                             *
                             * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
                             */
                            function sub(
                                uint256 a,
                                uint256 b,
                                string memory errorMessage
                            ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                require(b <= a, errorMessage);
                                uint256 c = a - b;
                        
                                return c;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
                             * overflow.
                             *
                             * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
                             */
                            function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
                                // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
                                // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
                                if (a == 0) {
                                    return 0;
                                }
                        
                                uint256 c = a * b;
                                require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");
                        
                                return c;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
                             * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
                             *
                             * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
                             * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
                             * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - The divisor cannot be zero.
                             */
                            function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
                             * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
                             *
                             * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
                             * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
                             * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - The divisor cannot be zero.
                             */
                            function div(
                                uint256 a,
                                uint256 b,
                                string memory errorMessage
                            ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                require(b > 0, errorMessage);
                                uint256 c = a / b;
                                // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold
                        
                                return c;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
                             * Reverts when dividing by zero.
                             *
                             * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
                             * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
                             * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - The divisor cannot be zero.
                             */
                            function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
                             * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
                             *
                             * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
                             * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
                             * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - The divisor cannot be zero.
                             */
                            function mod(
                                uint256 a,
                                uint256 b,
                                string memory errorMessage
                            ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                require(b != 0, errorMessage);
                                return a % b;
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol
                        
                        pragma solidity ^0.6.0;
                        
                        /**
                         * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
                         */
                        interface IERC20 {
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
                             */
                            function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
                             */
                            function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
                             *
                             * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                             *
                             * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                             */
                            function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount)
                                external
                                returns (bool);
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
                             * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
                             * zero by default.
                             *
                             * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
                             */
                            function allowance(address owner, address spender)
                                external
                                view
                                returns (uint256);
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
                             *
                             * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                             *
                             * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
                             * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
                             * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
                             * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
                             * desired value afterwards:
                             * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
                             *
                             * Emits an {Approval} event.
                             */
                            function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
                             * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
                             * allowance.
                             *
                             * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                             *
                             * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                             */
                            function transferFrom(
                                address sender,
                                address recipient,
                                uint256 amount
                            ) external returns (bool);
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
                             * another (`to`).
                             *
                             * Note that `value` may be zero.
                             */
                            event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
                             * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
                             */
                            event Approval(
                                address indexed owner,
                                address indexed spender,
                                uint256 value
                            );
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/v1/AbstractFiatTokenV1.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        abstract contract AbstractFiatTokenV1 is IERC20 {
                            function _approve(
                                address owner,
                                address spender,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal virtual;
                        
                            function _transfer(
                                address from,
                                address to,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal virtual;
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/v1/Ownable.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2018 zOS Global Limited.
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        /**
                         * @notice The Ownable contract has an owner address, and provides basic
                         * authorization control functions
                         * @dev Forked from https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-labs/blob/3887ab77b8adafba4a26ace002f3a684c1a3388b/upgradeability_ownership/contracts/ownership/Ownable.sol
                         * Modifications:
                         * 1. Consolidate OwnableStorage into this contract (7/13/18)
                         * 2. Reformat, conform to Solidity 0.6 syntax, and add error messages (5/13/20)
                         * 3. Make public functions external (5/27/20)
                         */
                        contract Ownable {
                            // Owner of the contract
                            address private _owner;
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Event to show ownership has been transferred
                             * @param previousOwner representing the address of the previous owner
                             * @param newOwner representing the address of the new owner
                             */
                            event OwnershipTransferred(address previousOwner, address newOwner);
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev The constructor sets the original owner of the contract to the sender account.
                             */
                            constructor() public {
                                setOwner(msg.sender);
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Tells the address of the owner
                             * @return the address of the owner
                             */
                            function owner() external view returns (address) {
                                return _owner;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Sets a new owner address
                             */
                            function setOwner(address newOwner) internal {
                                _owner = newOwner;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
                             */
                            modifier onlyOwner() {
                                require(msg.sender == _owner, "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
                                _;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Allows the current owner to transfer control of the contract to a newOwner.
                             * @param newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
                             */
                            function transferOwnership(address newOwner) external onlyOwner {
                                require(
                                    newOwner != address(0),
                                    "Ownable: new owner is the zero address"
                                );
                                emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, newOwner);
                                setOwner(newOwner);
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/v1/Pausable.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2016 Smart Contract Solutions, Inc.
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ0
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        /**
                         * @notice Base contract which allows children to implement an emergency stop
                         * mechanism
                         * @dev Forked from https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/feb665136c0dae9912e08397c1a21c4af3651ef3/contracts/lifecycle/Pausable.sol
                         * Modifications:
                         * 1. Added pauser role, switched pause/unpause to be onlyPauser (6/14/2018)
                         * 2. Removed whenNotPause/whenPaused from pause/unpause (6/14/2018)
                         * 3. Removed whenPaused (6/14/2018)
                         * 4. Switches ownable library to use ZeppelinOS (7/12/18)
                         * 5. Remove constructor (7/13/18)
                         * 6. Reformat, conform to Solidity 0.6 syntax and add error messages (5/13/20)
                         * 7. Make public functions external (5/27/20)
                         */
                        contract Pausable is Ownable {
                            event Pause();
                            event Unpause();
                            event PauserChanged(address indexed newAddress);
                        
                            address public pauser;
                            bool public paused = false;
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
                             */
                            modifier whenNotPaused() {
                                require(!paused, "Pausable: paused");
                                _;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev throws if called by any account other than the pauser
                             */
                            modifier onlyPauser() {
                                require(msg.sender == pauser, "Pausable: caller is not the pauser");
                                _;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev called by the owner to pause, triggers stopped state
                             */
                            function pause() external onlyPauser {
                                paused = true;
                                emit Pause();
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev called by the owner to unpause, returns to normal state
                             */
                            function unpause() external onlyPauser {
                                paused = false;
                                emit Unpause();
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev update the pauser role
                             */
                            function updatePauser(address _newPauser) external onlyOwner {
                                require(
                                    _newPauser != address(0),
                                    "Pausable: new pauser is the zero address"
                                );
                                pauser = _newPauser;
                                emit PauserChanged(pauser);
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/v1/Blacklistable.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        /**
                         * @title Blacklistable Token
                         * @dev Allows accounts to be blacklisted by a "blacklister" role
                         */
                        contract Blacklistable is Ownable {
                            address public blacklister;
                            mapping(address => bool) internal blacklisted;
                        
                            event Blacklisted(address indexed _account);
                            event UnBlacklisted(address indexed _account);
                            event BlacklisterChanged(address indexed newBlacklister);
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the blacklister
                             */
                            modifier onlyBlacklister() {
                                require(
                                    msg.sender == blacklister,
                                    "Blacklistable: caller is not the blacklister"
                                );
                                _;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Throws if argument account is blacklisted
                             * @param _account The address to check
                             */
                            modifier notBlacklisted(address _account) {
                                require(
                                    !blacklisted[_account],
                                    "Blacklistable: account is blacklisted"
                                );
                                _;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Checks if account is blacklisted
                             * @param _account The address to check
                             */
                            function isBlacklisted(address _account) external view returns (bool) {
                                return blacklisted[_account];
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Adds account to blacklist
                             * @param _account The address to blacklist
                             */
                            function blacklist(address _account) external onlyBlacklister {
                                blacklisted[_account] = true;
                                emit Blacklisted(_account);
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Removes account from blacklist
                             * @param _account The address to remove from the blacklist
                             */
                            function unBlacklist(address _account) external onlyBlacklister {
                                blacklisted[_account] = false;
                                emit UnBlacklisted(_account);
                            }
                        
                            function updateBlacklister(address _newBlacklister) external onlyOwner {
                                require(
                                    _newBlacklister != address(0),
                                    "Blacklistable: new blacklister is the zero address"
                                );
                                blacklister = _newBlacklister;
                                emit BlacklisterChanged(blacklister);
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/v1/FiatTokenV1.sol
                        
                        /**
                         *
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        /**
                         * @title FiatToken
                         * @dev ERC20 Token backed by fiat reserves
                         */
                        contract FiatTokenV1 is AbstractFiatTokenV1, Ownable, Pausable, Blacklistable {
                            using SafeMath for uint256;
                        
                            string public name;
                            string public symbol;
                            uint8 public decimals;
                            string public currency;
                            address public masterMinter;
                            bool internal initialized;
                        
                            mapping(address => uint256) internal balances;
                            mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) internal allowed;
                            uint256 internal totalSupply_ = 0;
                            mapping(address => bool) internal minters;
                            mapping(address => uint256) internal minterAllowed;
                        
                            event Mint(address indexed minter, address indexed to, uint256 amount);
                            event Burn(address indexed burner, uint256 amount);
                            event MinterConfigured(address indexed minter, uint256 minterAllowedAmount);
                            event MinterRemoved(address indexed oldMinter);
                            event MasterMinterChanged(address indexed newMasterMinter);
                        
                            function initialize(
                                string memory tokenName,
                                string memory tokenSymbol,
                                string memory tokenCurrency,
                                uint8 tokenDecimals,
                                address newMasterMinter,
                                address newPauser,
                                address newBlacklister,
                                address newOwner
                            ) public {
                                require(!initialized, "FiatToken: contract is already initialized");
                                require(
                                    newMasterMinter != address(0),
                                    "FiatToken: new masterMinter is the zero address"
                                );
                                require(
                                    newPauser != address(0),
                                    "FiatToken: new pauser is the zero address"
                                );
                                require(
                                    newBlacklister != address(0),
                                    "FiatToken: new blacklister is the zero address"
                                );
                                require(
                                    newOwner != address(0),
                                    "FiatToken: new owner is the zero address"
                                );
                        
                                name = tokenName;
                                symbol = tokenSymbol;
                                currency = tokenCurrency;
                                decimals = tokenDecimals;
                                masterMinter = newMasterMinter;
                                pauser = newPauser;
                                blacklister = newBlacklister;
                                setOwner(newOwner);
                                initialized = true;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Throws if called by any account other than a minter
                             */
                            modifier onlyMinters() {
                                require(minters[msg.sender], "FiatToken: caller is not a minter");
                                _;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Function to mint tokens
                             * @param _to The address that will receive the minted tokens.
                             * @param _amount The amount of tokens to mint. Must be less than or equal
                             * to the minterAllowance of the caller.
                             * @return A boolean that indicates if the operation was successful.
                             */
                            function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount)
                                external
                                whenNotPaused
                                onlyMinters
                                notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
                                notBlacklisted(_to)
                                returns (bool)
                            {
                                require(_to != address(0), "FiatToken: mint to the zero address");
                                require(_amount > 0, "FiatToken: mint amount not greater than 0");
                        
                                uint256 mintingAllowedAmount = minterAllowed[msg.sender];
                                require(
                                    _amount <= mintingAllowedAmount,
                                    "FiatToken: mint amount exceeds minterAllowance"
                                );
                        
                                totalSupply_ = totalSupply_.add(_amount);
                                balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_amount);
                                minterAllowed[msg.sender] = mintingAllowedAmount.sub(_amount);
                                emit Mint(msg.sender, _to, _amount);
                                emit Transfer(address(0), _to, _amount);
                                return true;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the masterMinter
                             */
                            modifier onlyMasterMinter() {
                                require(
                                    msg.sender == masterMinter,
                                    "FiatToken: caller is not the masterMinter"
                                );
                                _;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Get minter allowance for an account
                             * @param minter The address of the minter
                             */
                            function minterAllowance(address minter) external view returns (uint256) {
                                return minterAllowed[minter];
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Checks if account is a minter
                             * @param account The address to check
                             */
                            function isMinter(address account) external view returns (bool) {
                                return minters[account];
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Amount of remaining tokens spender is allowed to transfer on
                             * behalf of the token owner
                             * @param owner     Token owner's address
                             * @param spender   Spender's address
                             * @return Allowance amount
                             */
                            function allowance(address owner, address spender)
                                external
                                override
                                view
                                returns (uint256)
                            {
                                return allowed[owner][spender];
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Get totalSupply of token
                             */
                            function totalSupply() external override view returns (uint256) {
                                return totalSupply_;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Get token balance of an account
                             * @param account address The account
                             */
                            function balanceOf(address account)
                                external
                                override
                                view
                                returns (uint256)
                            {
                                return balances[account];
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Set spender's allowance over the caller's tokens to be a given
                             * value.
                             * @param spender   Spender's address
                             * @param value     Allowance amount
                             * @return True if successful
                             */
                            function approve(address spender, uint256 value)
                                external
                                override
                                whenNotPaused
                                notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
                                notBlacklisted(spender)
                                returns (bool)
                            {
                                _approve(msg.sender, spender, value);
                                return true;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Internal function to set allowance
                             * @param owner     Token owner's address
                             * @param spender   Spender's address
                             * @param value     Allowance amount
                             */
                            function _approve(
                                address owner,
                                address spender,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal override {
                                require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
                                require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");
                                allowed[owner][spender] = value;
                                emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Transfer tokens by spending allowance
                             * @param from  Payer's address
                             * @param to    Payee's address
                             * @param value Transfer amount
                             * @return True if successful
                             */
                            function transferFrom(
                                address from,
                                address to,
                                uint256 value
                            )
                                external
                                override
                                whenNotPaused
                                notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
                                notBlacklisted(from)
                                notBlacklisted(to)
                                returns (bool)
                            {
                                require(
                                    value <= allowed[from][msg.sender],
                                    "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance"
                                );
                                _transfer(from, to, value);
                                allowed[from][msg.sender] = allowed[from][msg.sender].sub(value);
                                return true;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Transfer tokens from the caller
                             * @param to    Payee's address
                             * @param value Transfer amount
                             * @return True if successful
                             */
                            function transfer(address to, uint256 value)
                                external
                                override
                                whenNotPaused
                                notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
                                notBlacklisted(to)
                                returns (bool)
                            {
                                _transfer(msg.sender, to, value);
                                return true;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Internal function to process transfers
                             * @param from  Payer's address
                             * @param to    Payee's address
                             * @param value Transfer amount
                             */
                            function _transfer(
                                address from,
                                address to,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal override {
                                require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
                                require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
                                require(
                                    value <= balances[from],
                                    "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance"
                                );
                        
                                balances[from] = balances[from].sub(value);
                                balances[to] = balances[to].add(value);
                                emit Transfer(from, to, value);
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Function to add/update a new minter
                             * @param minter The address of the minter
                             * @param minterAllowedAmount The minting amount allowed for the minter
                             * @return True if the operation was successful.
                             */
                            function configureMinter(address minter, uint256 minterAllowedAmount)
                                external
                                whenNotPaused
                                onlyMasterMinter
                                returns (bool)
                            {
                                minters[minter] = true;
                                minterAllowed[minter] = minterAllowedAmount;
                                emit MinterConfigured(minter, minterAllowedAmount);
                                return true;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Function to remove a minter
                             * @param minter The address of the minter to remove
                             * @return True if the operation was successful.
                             */
                            function removeMinter(address minter)
                                external
                                onlyMasterMinter
                                returns (bool)
                            {
                                minters[minter] = false;
                                minterAllowed[minter] = 0;
                                emit MinterRemoved(minter);
                                return true;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev allows a minter to burn some of its own tokens
                             * Validates that caller is a minter and that sender is not blacklisted
                             * amount is less than or equal to the minter's account balance
                             * @param _amount uint256 the amount of tokens to be burned
                             */
                            function burn(uint256 _amount)
                                external
                                whenNotPaused
                                onlyMinters
                                notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
                            {
                                uint256 balance = balances[msg.sender];
                                require(_amount > 0, "FiatToken: burn amount not greater than 0");
                                require(balance >= _amount, "FiatToken: burn amount exceeds balance");
                        
                                totalSupply_ = totalSupply_.sub(_amount);
                                balances[msg.sender] = balance.sub(_amount);
                                emit Burn(msg.sender, _amount);
                                emit Transfer(msg.sender, address(0), _amount);
                            }
                        
                            function updateMasterMinter(address _newMasterMinter) external onlyOwner {
                                require(
                                    _newMasterMinter != address(0),
                                    "FiatToken: new masterMinter is the zero address"
                                );
                                masterMinter = _newMasterMinter;
                                emit MasterMinterChanged(masterMinter);
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol
                        
                        pragma solidity ^0.6.2;
                        
                        /**
                         * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
                         */
                        library Address {
                            /**
                             * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
                             *
                             * [IMPORTANT]
                             * ====
                             * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
                             * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
                             *
                             * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
                             * types of addresses:
                             *
                             *  - an externally-owned account
                             *  - a contract in construction
                             *  - an address where a contract will be created
                             *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                             * ====
                             */
                            function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                                // According to EIP-1052, 0x0 is the value returned for not-yet created accounts
                                // and 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470 is returned
                                // for accounts without code, i.e. `keccak256('')`
                                bytes32 codehash;
                        
                                    bytes32 accountHash
                                 = 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470;
                                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                assembly {
                                    codehash := extcodehash(account)
                                }
                                return (codehash != accountHash && codehash != 0x0);
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                             * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                             *
                             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                             * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                             * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                             * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                             *
                             * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                             *
                             * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                             * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                             * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                             * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                             */
                            function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                                require(
                                    address(this).balance >= amount,
                                    "Address: insufficient balance"
                                );
                        
                                // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
                                (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
                                require(
                                    success,
                                    "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted"
                                );
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                             * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                             * function instead.
                             *
                             * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
                             * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
                             *
                             * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                             * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - `target` must be a contract.
                             * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                             *
                             * _Available since v3.1._
                             */
                            function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data)
                                internal
                                returns (bytes memory)
                            {
                                return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
                             * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                             *
                             * _Available since v3.1._
                             */
                            function functionCall(
                                address target,
                                bytes memory data,
                                string memory errorMessage
                            ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                             * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                             *
                             * Requirements:
                             *
                             * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                             * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                             *
                             * _Available since v3.1._
                             */
                            function functionCallWithValue(
                                address target,
                                bytes memory data,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                return
                                    functionCallWithValue(
                                        target,
                                        data,
                                        value,
                                        "Address: low-level call with value failed"
                                    );
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
                             * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                             *
                             * _Available since v3.1._
                             */
                            function functionCallWithValue(
                                address target,
                                bytes memory data,
                                uint256 value,
                                string memory errorMessage
                            ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                require(
                                    address(this).balance >= value,
                                    "Address: insufficient balance for call"
                                );
                                return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, errorMessage);
                            }
                        
                            function _functionCallWithValue(
                                address target,
                                bytes memory data,
                                uint256 weiValue,
                                string memory errorMessage
                            ) private returns (bytes memory) {
                                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                        
                                // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{
                                    value: weiValue
                                }(data);
                                if (success) {
                                    return returndata;
                                } else {
                                    // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                                    if (returndata.length > 0) {
                                        // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                        
                                        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                        assembly {
                                            let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                                            revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                                        }
                                    } else {
                                        revert(errorMessage);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/SafeERC20.sol
                        
                        pragma solidity ^0.6.0;
                        
                        /**
                         * @title SafeERC20
                         * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
                         * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
                         * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
                         * successful.
                         * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
                         * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
                         */
                        library SafeERC20 {
                            using SafeMath for uint256;
                            using Address for address;
                        
                            function safeTransfer(
                                IERC20 token,
                                address to,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal {
                                _callOptionalReturn(
                                    token,
                                    abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value)
                                );
                            }
                        
                            function safeTransferFrom(
                                IERC20 token,
                                address from,
                                address to,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal {
                                _callOptionalReturn(
                                    token,
                                    abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value)
                                );
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
                             * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
                             *
                             * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
                             * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
                             */
                            function safeApprove(
                                IERC20 token,
                                address spender,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal {
                                // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
                                // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
                                // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
                                // solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
                                require(
                                    (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
                                    "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
                                );
                                _callOptionalReturn(
                                    token,
                                    abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value)
                                );
                            }
                        
                            function safeIncreaseAllowance(
                                IERC20 token,
                                address spender,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal {
                                uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender).add(
                                    value
                                );
                                _callOptionalReturn(
                                    token,
                                    abi.encodeWithSelector(
                                        token.approve.selector,
                                        spender,
                                        newAllowance
                                    )
                                );
                            }
                        
                            function safeDecreaseAllowance(
                                IERC20 token,
                                address spender,
                                uint256 value
                            ) internal {
                                uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender).sub(
                                    value,
                                    "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero"
                                );
                                _callOptionalReturn(
                                    token,
                                    abi.encodeWithSelector(
                                        token.approve.selector,
                                        spender,
                                        newAllowance
                                    )
                                );
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
                             * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
                             * @param token The token targeted by the call.
                             * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
                             */
                            function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
                                // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
                                // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
                                // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.
                        
                                bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(
                                    data,
                                    "SafeERC20: low-level call failed"
                                );
                                if (returndata.length > 0) {
                                    // Return data is optional
                                    // solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
                                    require(
                                        abi.decode(returndata, (bool)),
                                        "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed"
                                    );
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/v1.1/Rescuable.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        contract Rescuable is Ownable {
                            using SafeERC20 for IERC20;
                        
                            address private _rescuer;
                        
                            event RescuerChanged(address indexed newRescuer);
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Returns current rescuer
                             * @return Rescuer's address
                             */
                            function rescuer() external view returns (address) {
                                return _rescuer;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Revert if called by any account other than the rescuer.
                             */
                            modifier onlyRescuer() {
                                require(msg.sender == _rescuer, "Rescuable: caller is not the rescuer");
                                _;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Rescue ERC20 tokens locked up in this contract.
                             * @param tokenContract ERC20 token contract address
                             * @param to        Recipient address
                             * @param amount    Amount to withdraw
                             */
                            function rescueERC20(
                                IERC20 tokenContract,
                                address to,
                                uint256 amount
                            ) external onlyRescuer {
                                tokenContract.safeTransfer(to, amount);
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Assign the rescuer role to a given address.
                             * @param newRescuer New rescuer's address
                             */
                            function updateRescuer(address newRescuer) external onlyOwner {
                                require(
                                    newRescuer != address(0),
                                    "Rescuable: new rescuer is the zero address"
                                );
                                _rescuer = newRescuer;
                                emit RescuerChanged(newRescuer);
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/v1.1/FiatTokenV1_1.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        /**
                         * @title FiatTokenV1_1
                         * @dev ERC20 Token backed by fiat reserves
                         */
                        contract FiatTokenV1_1 is FiatTokenV1, Rescuable {
                        
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/v2/AbstractFiatTokenV2.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        abstract contract AbstractFiatTokenV2 is AbstractFiatTokenV1 {
                            function _increaseAllowance(
                                address owner,
                                address spender,
                                uint256 increment
                            ) internal virtual;
                        
                            function _decreaseAllowance(
                                address owner,
                                address spender,
                                uint256 decrement
                            ) internal virtual;
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/util/ECRecover.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2016-2019 zOS Global Limited
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        /**
                         * @title ECRecover
                         * @notice A library that provides a safe ECDSA recovery function
                         */
                        library ECRecover {
                            /**
                             * @notice Recover signer's address from a signed message
                             * @dev Adapted from: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/65e4ffde586ec89af3b7e9140bdc9235d1254853/contracts/cryptography/ECDSA.sol
                             * Modifications: Accept v, r, and s as separate arguments
                             * @param digest    Keccak-256 hash digest of the signed message
                             * @param v         v of the signature
                             * @param r         r of the signature
                             * @param s         s of the signature
                             * @return Signer address
                             */
                            function recover(
                                bytes32 digest,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) internal pure returns (address) {
                                // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
                                // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
                                // the valid range for s in (281): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (282): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
                                // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
                                //
                                // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
                                // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
                                // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
                                // these malleable signatures as well.
                                if (
                                    uint256(s) >
                                    0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0
                                ) {
                                    revert("ECRecover: invalid signature 's' value");
                                }
                        
                                if (v != 27 && v != 28) {
                                    revert("ECRecover: invalid signature 'v' value");
                                }
                        
                                // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
                                address signer = ecrecover(digest, v, r, s);
                                require(signer != address(0), "ECRecover: invalid signature");
                        
                                return signer;
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/util/EIP712.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        /**
                         * @title EIP712
                         * @notice A library that provides EIP712 helper functions
                         */
                        library EIP712 {
                            /**
                             * @notice Make EIP712 domain separator
                             * @param name      Contract name
                             * @param version   Contract version
                             * @return Domain separator
                             */
                            function makeDomainSeparator(string memory name, string memory version)
                                internal
                                view
                                returns (bytes32)
                            {
                                uint256 chainId;
                                assembly {
                                    chainId := chainid()
                                }
                                return
                                    keccak256(
                                        abi.encode(
                                            // keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)")
                                            0x8b73c3c69bb8fe3d512ecc4cf759cc79239f7b179b0ffacaa9a75d522b39400f,
                                            keccak256(bytes(name)),
                                            keccak256(bytes(version)),
                                            chainId,
                                            address(this)
                                        )
                                    );
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Recover signer's address from a EIP712 signature
                             * @param domainSeparator   Domain separator
                             * @param v                 v of the signature
                             * @param r                 r of the signature
                             * @param s                 s of the signature
                             * @param typeHashAndData   Type hash concatenated with data
                             * @return Signer's address
                             */
                            function recover(
                                bytes32 domainSeparator,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s,
                                bytes memory typeHashAndData
                            ) internal pure returns (address) {
                                bytes32 digest = keccak256(
                                    abi.encodePacked(
                                        "\x19\x01",
                                        domainSeparator,
                                        keccak256(typeHashAndData)
                                    )
                                );
                                return ECRecover.recover(digest, v, r, s);
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/v2/EIP712Domain.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        /**
                         * @title EIP712 Domain
                         */
                        contract EIP712Domain {
                            /**
                             * @dev EIP712 Domain Separator
                             */
                            bytes32 public DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/v2/EIP3009.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        /**
                         * @title EIP-3009
                         * @notice Provide internal implementation for gas-abstracted transfers
                         * @dev Contracts that inherit from this must wrap these with publicly
                         * accessible functions, optionally adding modifiers where necessary
                         */
                        abstract contract EIP3009 is AbstractFiatTokenV2, EIP712Domain {
                            // keccak256("TransferWithAuthorization(address from,address to,uint256 value,uint256 validAfter,uint256 validBefore,bytes32 nonce)")
                            bytes32
                                public constant TRANSFER_WITH_AUTHORIZATION_TYPEHASH = 0x7c7c6cdb67a18743f49ec6fa9b35f50d52ed05cbed4cc592e13b44501c1a2267;
                        
                            // keccak256("ReceiveWithAuthorization(address from,address to,uint256 value,uint256 validAfter,uint256 validBefore,bytes32 nonce)")
                            bytes32
                                public constant RECEIVE_WITH_AUTHORIZATION_TYPEHASH = 0xd099cc98ef71107a616c4f0f941f04c322d8e254fe26b3c6668db87aae413de8;
                        
                            // keccak256("CancelAuthorization(address authorizer,bytes32 nonce)")
                            bytes32
                                public constant CANCEL_AUTHORIZATION_TYPEHASH = 0x158b0a9edf7a828aad02f63cd515c68ef2f50ba807396f6d12842833a1597429;
                        
                            /**
                             * @dev authorizer address => nonce => bool (true if nonce is used)
                             */
                            mapping(address => mapping(bytes32 => bool)) private _authorizationStates;
                        
                            event AuthorizationUsed(address indexed authorizer, bytes32 indexed nonce);
                            event AuthorizationCanceled(
                                address indexed authorizer,
                                bytes32 indexed nonce
                            );
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Returns the state of an authorization
                             * @dev Nonces are randomly generated 32-byte data unique to the
                             * authorizer's address
                             * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
                             * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
                             * @return True if the nonce is used
                             */
                            function authorizationState(address authorizer, bytes32 nonce)
                                external
                                view
                                returns (bool)
                            {
                                return _authorizationStates[authorizer][nonce];
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Execute a transfer with a signed authorization
                             * @param from          Payer's address (Authorizer)
                             * @param to            Payee's address
                             * @param value         Amount to be transferred
                             * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
                             * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
                             * @param nonce         Unique nonce
                             * @param v             v of the signature
                             * @param r             r of the signature
                             * @param s             s of the signature
                             */
                            function _transferWithAuthorization(
                                address from,
                                address to,
                                uint256 value,
                                uint256 validAfter,
                                uint256 validBefore,
                                bytes32 nonce,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) internal {
                                _requireValidAuthorization(from, nonce, validAfter, validBefore);
                        
                                bytes memory data = abi.encode(
                                    TRANSFER_WITH_AUTHORIZATION_TYPEHASH,
                                    from,
                                    to,
                                    value,
                                    validAfter,
                                    validBefore,
                                    nonce
                                );
                                require(
                                    EIP712.recover(DOMAIN_SEPARATOR, v, r, s, data) == from,
                                    "FiatTokenV2: invalid signature"
                                );
                        
                                _markAuthorizationAsUsed(from, nonce);
                                _transfer(from, to, value);
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Receive a transfer with a signed authorization from the payer
                             * @dev This has an additional check to ensure that the payee's address
                             * matches the caller of this function to prevent front-running attacks.
                             * @param from          Payer's address (Authorizer)
                             * @param to            Payee's address
                             * @param value         Amount to be transferred
                             * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
                             * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
                             * @param nonce         Unique nonce
                             * @param v             v of the signature
                             * @param r             r of the signature
                             * @param s             s of the signature
                             */
                            function _receiveWithAuthorization(
                                address from,
                                address to,
                                uint256 value,
                                uint256 validAfter,
                                uint256 validBefore,
                                bytes32 nonce,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) internal {
                                require(to == msg.sender, "FiatTokenV2: caller must be the payee");
                                _requireValidAuthorization(from, nonce, validAfter, validBefore);
                        
                                bytes memory data = abi.encode(
                                    RECEIVE_WITH_AUTHORIZATION_TYPEHASH,
                                    from,
                                    to,
                                    value,
                                    validAfter,
                                    validBefore,
                                    nonce
                                );
                                require(
                                    EIP712.recover(DOMAIN_SEPARATOR, v, r, s, data) == from,
                                    "FiatTokenV2: invalid signature"
                                );
                        
                                _markAuthorizationAsUsed(from, nonce);
                                _transfer(from, to, value);
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Attempt to cancel an authorization
                             * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
                             * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
                             * @param v             v of the signature
                             * @param r             r of the signature
                             * @param s             s of the signature
                             */
                            function _cancelAuthorization(
                                address authorizer,
                                bytes32 nonce,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) internal {
                                _requireUnusedAuthorization(authorizer, nonce);
                        
                                bytes memory data = abi.encode(
                                    CANCEL_AUTHORIZATION_TYPEHASH,
                                    authorizer,
                                    nonce
                                );
                                require(
                                    EIP712.recover(DOMAIN_SEPARATOR, v, r, s, data) == authorizer,
                                    "FiatTokenV2: invalid signature"
                                );
                        
                                _authorizationStates[authorizer][nonce] = true;
                                emit AuthorizationCanceled(authorizer, nonce);
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Check that an authorization is unused
                             * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
                             * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
                             */
                            function _requireUnusedAuthorization(address authorizer, bytes32 nonce)
                                private
                                view
                            {
                                require(
                                    !_authorizationStates[authorizer][nonce],
                                    "FiatTokenV2: authorization is used or canceled"
                                );
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Check that authorization is valid
                             * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
                             * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
                             * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
                             * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
                             */
                            function _requireValidAuthorization(
                                address authorizer,
                                bytes32 nonce,
                                uint256 validAfter,
                                uint256 validBefore
                            ) private view {
                                require(
                                    now > validAfter,
                                    "FiatTokenV2: authorization is not yet valid"
                                );
                                require(now < validBefore, "FiatTokenV2: authorization is expired");
                                _requireUnusedAuthorization(authorizer, nonce);
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Mark an authorization as used
                             * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
                             * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
                             */
                            function _markAuthorizationAsUsed(address authorizer, bytes32 nonce)
                                private
                            {
                                _authorizationStates[authorizer][nonce] = true;
                                emit AuthorizationUsed(authorizer, nonce);
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/v2/EIP2612.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        /**
                         * @title EIP-2612
                         * @notice Provide internal implementation for gas-abstracted approvals
                         */
                        abstract contract EIP2612 is AbstractFiatTokenV2, EIP712Domain {
                            // keccak256("Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)")
                            bytes32
                                public constant PERMIT_TYPEHASH = 0x6e71edae12b1b97f4d1f60370fef10105fa2faae0126114a169c64845d6126c9;
                        
                            mapping(address => uint256) private _permitNonces;
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Nonces for permit
                             * @param owner Token owner's address (Authorizer)
                             * @return Next nonce
                             */
                            function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256) {
                                return _permitNonces[owner];
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Verify a signed approval permit and execute if valid
                             * @param owner     Token owner's address (Authorizer)
                             * @param spender   Spender's address
                             * @param value     Amount of allowance
                             * @param deadline  The time at which this expires (unix time)
                             * @param v         v of the signature
                             * @param r         r of the signature
                             * @param s         s of the signature
                             */
                            function _permit(
                                address owner,
                                address spender,
                                uint256 value,
                                uint256 deadline,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) internal {
                                require(deadline >= now, "FiatTokenV2: permit is expired");
                        
                                bytes memory data = abi.encode(
                                    PERMIT_TYPEHASH,
                                    owner,
                                    spender,
                                    value,
                                    _permitNonces[owner]++,
                                    deadline
                                );
                                require(
                                    EIP712.recover(DOMAIN_SEPARATOR, v, r, s, data) == owner,
                                    "EIP2612: invalid signature"
                                );
                        
                                _approve(owner, spender, value);
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/v2/FiatTokenV2.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        /**
                         * @title FiatToken V2
                         * @notice ERC20 Token backed by fiat reserves, version 2
                         */
                        contract FiatTokenV2 is FiatTokenV1_1, EIP3009, EIP2612 {
                            uint8 internal _initializedVersion;
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Initialize v2
                             * @param newName   New token name
                             */
                            function initializeV2(string calldata newName) external {
                                // solhint-disable-next-line reason-string
                                require(initialized && _initializedVersion == 0);
                                name = newName;
                                DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = EIP712.makeDomainSeparator(newName, "2");
                                _initializedVersion = 1;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Increase the allowance by a given increment
                             * @param spender   Spender's address
                             * @param increment Amount of increase in allowance
                             * @return True if successful
                             */
                            function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 increment)
                                external
                                whenNotPaused
                                notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
                                notBlacklisted(spender)
                                returns (bool)
                            {
                                _increaseAllowance(msg.sender, spender, increment);
                                return true;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Decrease the allowance by a given decrement
                             * @param spender   Spender's address
                             * @param decrement Amount of decrease in allowance
                             * @return True if successful
                             */
                            function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 decrement)
                                external
                                whenNotPaused
                                notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
                                notBlacklisted(spender)
                                returns (bool)
                            {
                                _decreaseAllowance(msg.sender, spender, decrement);
                                return true;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Execute a transfer with a signed authorization
                             * @param from          Payer's address (Authorizer)
                             * @param to            Payee's address
                             * @param value         Amount to be transferred
                             * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
                             * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
                             * @param nonce         Unique nonce
                             * @param v             v of the signature
                             * @param r             r of the signature
                             * @param s             s of the signature
                             */
                            function transferWithAuthorization(
                                address from,
                                address to,
                                uint256 value,
                                uint256 validAfter,
                                uint256 validBefore,
                                bytes32 nonce,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) external whenNotPaused notBlacklisted(from) notBlacklisted(to) {
                                _transferWithAuthorization(
                                    from,
                                    to,
                                    value,
                                    validAfter,
                                    validBefore,
                                    nonce,
                                    v,
                                    r,
                                    s
                                );
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Receive a transfer with a signed authorization from the payer
                             * @dev This has an additional check to ensure that the payee's address
                             * matches the caller of this function to prevent front-running attacks.
                             * @param from          Payer's address (Authorizer)
                             * @param to            Payee's address
                             * @param value         Amount to be transferred
                             * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
                             * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
                             * @param nonce         Unique nonce
                             * @param v             v of the signature
                             * @param r             r of the signature
                             * @param s             s of the signature
                             */
                            function receiveWithAuthorization(
                                address from,
                                address to,
                                uint256 value,
                                uint256 validAfter,
                                uint256 validBefore,
                                bytes32 nonce,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) external whenNotPaused notBlacklisted(from) notBlacklisted(to) {
                                _receiveWithAuthorization(
                                    from,
                                    to,
                                    value,
                                    validAfter,
                                    validBefore,
                                    nonce,
                                    v,
                                    r,
                                    s
                                );
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Attempt to cancel an authorization
                             * @dev Works only if the authorization is not yet used.
                             * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
                             * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
                             * @param v             v of the signature
                             * @param r             r of the signature
                             * @param s             s of the signature
                             */
                            function cancelAuthorization(
                                address authorizer,
                                bytes32 nonce,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) external whenNotPaused {
                                _cancelAuthorization(authorizer, nonce, v, r, s);
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Update allowance with a signed permit
                             * @param owner       Token owner's address (Authorizer)
                             * @param spender     Spender's address
                             * @param value       Amount of allowance
                             * @param deadline    Expiration time, seconds since the epoch
                             * @param v           v of the signature
                             * @param r           r of the signature
                             * @param s           s of the signature
                             */
                            function permit(
                                address owner,
                                address spender,
                                uint256 value,
                                uint256 deadline,
                                uint8 v,
                                bytes32 r,
                                bytes32 s
                            ) external whenNotPaused notBlacklisted(owner) notBlacklisted(spender) {
                                _permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Internal function to increase the allowance by a given increment
                             * @param owner     Token owner's address
                             * @param spender   Spender's address
                             * @param increment Amount of increase
                             */
                            function _increaseAllowance(
                                address owner,
                                address spender,
                                uint256 increment
                            ) internal override {
                                _approve(owner, spender, allowed[owner][spender].add(increment));
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Internal function to decrease the allowance by a given decrement
                             * @param owner     Token owner's address
                             * @param spender   Spender's address
                             * @param decrement Amount of decrease
                             */
                            function _decreaseAllowance(
                                address owner,
                                address spender,
                                uint256 decrement
                            ) internal override {
                                _approve(
                                    owner,
                                    spender,
                                    allowed[owner][spender].sub(
                                        decrement,
                                        "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero"
                                    )
                                );
                            }
                        }
                        
                        // File: contracts/v2/FiatTokenV2_1.sol
                        
                        /**
                         * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
                         *
                         * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
                         * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
                         * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
                         * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
                         * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                         * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                         *
                         * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
                         * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                         *
                         * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
                         * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
                         * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
                         * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
                         * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
                         * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                         * SOFTWARE.
                         */
                        
                        pragma solidity 0.6.12;
                        
                        // solhint-disable func-name-mixedcase
                        
                        /**
                         * @title FiatToken V2.1
                         * @notice ERC20 Token backed by fiat reserves, version 2.1
                         */
                        contract FiatTokenV2_1 is FiatTokenV2 {
                            /**
                             * @notice Initialize v2.1
                             * @param lostAndFound  The address to which the locked funds are sent
                             */
                            function initializeV2_1(address lostAndFound) external {
                                // solhint-disable-next-line reason-string
                                require(_initializedVersion == 1);
                        
                                uint256 lockedAmount = balances[address(this)];
                                if (lockedAmount > 0) {
                                    _transfer(address(this), lostAndFound, lockedAmount);
                                }
                                blacklisted[address(this)] = true;
                        
                                _initializedVersion = 2;
                            }
                        
                            /**
                             * @notice Version string for the EIP712 domain separator
                             * @return Version string
                             */
                            function version() external view returns (string memory) {
                                return "2";
                            }
                        }