// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol";
/**
 * @dev Interface for {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}. In order to implement transparency, {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}
 * does not implement this interface directly, and some of its functions are implemented by an internal dispatch
 * mechanism. The compiler is unaware that these functions are implemented by {TransparentUpgradeableProxy} and will not
 * include them in the ABI so this interface must be used to interact with it.
 */
interface ITransparentUpgradeableProxy is IERC1967 {
    function admin() external view returns (address);
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
    function changeAdmin(address) external;
    function upgradeTo(address) external;
    function upgradeToAndCall(address, bytes memory) external payable;
}
/**
 * @dev This contract implements a proxy that is upgradeable by an admin.
 *
 * To avoid https://medium.com/nomic-labs-blog/malicious-backdoors-in-ethereum-proxies-62629adf3357[proxy selector
 * clashing], which can potentially be used in an attack, this contract uses the
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/the-transparent-proxy-pattern/[transparent proxy pattern]. This pattern implies two
 * things that go hand in hand:
 *
 * 1. If any account other than the admin calls the proxy, the call will be forwarded to the implementation, even if
 * that call matches one of the admin functions exposed by the proxy itself.
 * 2. If the admin calls the proxy, it can access the admin functions, but its calls will never be forwarded to the
 * implementation. If the admin tries to call a function on the implementation it will fail with an error that says
 * "admin cannot fallback to proxy target".
 *
 * These properties mean that the admin account can only be used for admin actions like upgrading the proxy or changing
 * the admin, so it's best if it's a dedicated account that is not used for anything else. This will avoid headaches due
 * to sudden errors when trying to call a function from the proxy implementation.
 *
 * Our recommendation is for the dedicated account to be an instance of the {ProxyAdmin} contract. If set up this way,
 * you should think of the `ProxyAdmin` instance as the real administrative interface of your proxy.
 *
 * NOTE: The real interface of this proxy is that defined in `ITransparentUpgradeableProxy`. This contract does not
 * inherit from that interface, and instead the admin functions are implicitly implemented using a custom dispatch
 * mechanism in `_fallback`. Consequently, the compiler will not produce an ABI for this contract. This is necessary to
 * fully implement transparency without decoding reverts caused by selector clashes between the proxy and the
 * implementation.
 *
 * WARNING: It is not recommended to extend this contract to add additional external functions. If you do so, the compiler
 * will not check that there are no selector conflicts, due to the note above. A selector clash between any new function
 * and the functions declared in {ITransparentUpgradeableProxy} will be resolved in favor of the new one. This could
 * render the admin operations inaccessible, which could prevent upgradeability. Transparency may also be compromised.
 */
contract TransparentUpgradeableProxy is ERC1967Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Initializes an upgradeable proxy managed by `_admin`, backed by the implementation at `_logic`, and
     * optionally initialized with `_data` as explained in {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
     */
    constructor(address _logic, address admin_, bytes memory _data) payable ERC1967Proxy(_logic, _data) {
        _changeAdmin(admin_);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Modifier used internally that will delegate the call to the implementation unless the sender is the admin.
     *
     * CAUTION: This modifier is deprecated, as it could cause issues if the modified function has arguments, and the
     * implementation provides a function with the same selector.
     */
    modifier ifAdmin() {
        if (msg.sender == _getAdmin()) {
            _;
        } else {
            _fallback();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev If caller is the admin process the call internally, otherwise transparently fallback to the proxy behavior
     */
    function _fallback() internal virtual override {
        if (msg.sender == _getAdmin()) {
            bytes memory ret;
            bytes4 selector = msg.sig;
            if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.upgradeTo.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchUpgradeTo();
            } else if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.upgradeToAndCall.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchUpgradeToAndCall();
            } else if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.changeAdmin.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchChangeAdmin();
            } else if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.admin.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchAdmin();
            } else if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.implementation.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchImplementation();
            } else {
                revert("TransparentUpgradeableProxy: admin cannot fallback to proxy target");
            }
            assembly {
                return(add(ret, 0x20), mload(ret))
            }
        } else {
            super._fallback();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
     */
    function _dispatchAdmin() private returns (bytes memory) {
        _requireZeroValue();
        address admin = _getAdmin();
        return abi.encode(admin);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc`
     */
    function _dispatchImplementation() private returns (bytes memory) {
        _requireZeroValue();
        address implementation = _implementation();
        return abi.encode(implementation);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _dispatchChangeAdmin() private returns (bytes memory) {
        _requireZeroValue();
        address newAdmin = abi.decode(msg.data[4:], (address));
        _changeAdmin(newAdmin);
        return "";
    }
    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy.
     */
    function _dispatchUpgradeTo() private returns (bytes memory) {
        _requireZeroValue();
        address newImplementation = abi.decode(msg.data[4:], (address));
        _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, bytes(""), false);
        return "";
    }
    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy, and then call a function from the new implementation as specified
     * by `data`, which should be an encoded function call. This is useful to initialize new storage variables in the
     * proxied contract.
     */
    function _dispatchUpgradeToAndCall() private returns (bytes memory) {
        (address newImplementation, bytes memory data) = abi.decode(msg.data[4:], (address, bytes));
        _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, true);
        return "";
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated. Use {ERC1967Upgrade-_getAdmin} instead.
     */
    function _admin() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _getAdmin();
    }
    /**
     * @dev To keep this contract fully transparent, all `ifAdmin` functions must be payable. This helper is here to
     * emulate some proxy functions being non-payable while still allowing value to pass through.
     */
    function _requireZeroValue() private {
        require(msg.value == 0);
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../Proxy.sol";
import "./ERC1967Upgrade.sol";
/**
 * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
 * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
 * implementation behind the proxy.
 */
contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
     *
     * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
     * function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
     */
    constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
        _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
        return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
 * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
 * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
 *
 * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
 * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
 *
 * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
 */
abstract contract Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
        assembly {
            // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
            // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
            // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
            // Call the implementation.
            // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
            // Copy the returned data.
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
            switch result
            // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
            case 0 {
                revert(0, returndatasize())
            }
            default {
                return(0, returndatasize())
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
     * and {_fallback} should delegate.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _fallback() internal virtual {
        _beforeFallback();
        _delegate(_implementation());
    }
    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
     * function in the contract matches the call data.
     */
    fallback() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }
    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
     * is empty.
     */
    receive() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }
    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
     * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
     *
     * If overridden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
     */
    function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
import "../../interfaces/IERC1967.sol";
import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";
/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade is IERC1967 {
    // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
    bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;
    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
        // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
        // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
        if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        } else {
            try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
            }
            _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     */
    function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }
    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
        require(
            Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
            "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
        );
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
     * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
     *
     * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeacon {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
/**
 * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
 *
 * _Available since v4.8.3._
 */
interface IERC1967 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
/**
 * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
 * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
 */
interface IERC1822Proxiable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
     * address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.
        return account.code.length > 0;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }
    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```solidity
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, `uint256`._
 * _Available since v4.9 for `string`, `bytes`._
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }
    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }
    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }
    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }
    struct StringSlot {
        string value;
    }
    struct BytesSlot {
        bytes value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol";
/**
 * @dev Interface for {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}. In order to implement transparency, {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}
 * does not implement this interface directly, and some of its functions are implemented by an internal dispatch
 * mechanism. The compiler is unaware that these functions are implemented by {TransparentUpgradeableProxy} and will not
 * include them in the ABI so this interface must be used to interact with it.
 */
interface ITransparentUpgradeableProxy is IERC1967 {
    function admin() external view returns (address);
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
    function changeAdmin(address) external;
    function upgradeTo(address) external;
    function upgradeToAndCall(address, bytes memory) external payable;
}
/**
 * @dev This contract implements a proxy that is upgradeable by an admin.
 *
 * To avoid https://medium.com/nomic-labs-blog/malicious-backdoors-in-ethereum-proxies-62629adf3357[proxy selector
 * clashing], which can potentially be used in an attack, this contract uses the
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/the-transparent-proxy-pattern/[transparent proxy pattern]. This pattern implies two
 * things that go hand in hand:
 *
 * 1. If any account other than the admin calls the proxy, the call will be forwarded to the implementation, even if
 * that call matches one of the admin functions exposed by the proxy itself.
 * 2. If the admin calls the proxy, it can access the admin functions, but its calls will never be forwarded to the
 * implementation. If the admin tries to call a function on the implementation it will fail with an error that says
 * "admin cannot fallback to proxy target".
 *
 * These properties mean that the admin account can only be used for admin actions like upgrading the proxy or changing
 * the admin, so it's best if it's a dedicated account that is not used for anything else. This will avoid headaches due
 * to sudden errors when trying to call a function from the proxy implementation.
 *
 * Our recommendation is for the dedicated account to be an instance of the {ProxyAdmin} contract. If set up this way,
 * you should think of the `ProxyAdmin` instance as the real administrative interface of your proxy.
 *
 * NOTE: The real interface of this proxy is that defined in `ITransparentUpgradeableProxy`. This contract does not
 * inherit from that interface, and instead the admin functions are implicitly implemented using a custom dispatch
 * mechanism in `_fallback`. Consequently, the compiler will not produce an ABI for this contract. This is necessary to
 * fully implement transparency without decoding reverts caused by selector clashes between the proxy and the
 * implementation.
 *
 * WARNING: It is not recommended to extend this contract to add additional external functions. If you do so, the compiler
 * will not check that there are no selector conflicts, due to the note above. A selector clash between any new function
 * and the functions declared in {ITransparentUpgradeableProxy} will be resolved in favor of the new one. This could
 * render the admin operations inaccessible, which could prevent upgradeability. Transparency may also be compromised.
 */
contract TransparentUpgradeableProxy is ERC1967Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Initializes an upgradeable proxy managed by `_admin`, backed by the implementation at `_logic`, and
     * optionally initialized with `_data` as explained in {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
     */
    constructor(address _logic, address admin_, bytes memory _data) payable ERC1967Proxy(_logic, _data) {
        _changeAdmin(admin_);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Modifier used internally that will delegate the call to the implementation unless the sender is the admin.
     *
     * CAUTION: This modifier is deprecated, as it could cause issues if the modified function has arguments, and the
     * implementation provides a function with the same selector.
     */
    modifier ifAdmin() {
        if (msg.sender == _getAdmin()) {
            _;
        } else {
            _fallback();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev If caller is the admin process the call internally, otherwise transparently fallback to the proxy behavior
     */
    function _fallback() internal virtual override {
        if (msg.sender == _getAdmin()) {
            bytes memory ret;
            bytes4 selector = msg.sig;
            if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.upgradeTo.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchUpgradeTo();
            } else if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.upgradeToAndCall.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchUpgradeToAndCall();
            } else if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.changeAdmin.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchChangeAdmin();
            } else if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.admin.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchAdmin();
            } else if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.implementation.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchImplementation();
            } else {
                revert("TransparentUpgradeableProxy: admin cannot fallback to proxy target");
            }
            assembly {
                return(add(ret, 0x20), mload(ret))
            }
        } else {
            super._fallback();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
     */
    function _dispatchAdmin() private returns (bytes memory) {
        _requireZeroValue();
        address admin = _getAdmin();
        return abi.encode(admin);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc`
     */
    function _dispatchImplementation() private returns (bytes memory) {
        _requireZeroValue();
        address implementation = _implementation();
        return abi.encode(implementation);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _dispatchChangeAdmin() private returns (bytes memory) {
        _requireZeroValue();
        address newAdmin = abi.decode(msg.data[4:], (address));
        _changeAdmin(newAdmin);
        return "";
    }
    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy.
     */
    function _dispatchUpgradeTo() private returns (bytes memory) {
        _requireZeroValue();
        address newImplementation = abi.decode(msg.data[4:], (address));
        _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, bytes(""), false);
        return "";
    }
    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy, and then call a function from the new implementation as specified
     * by `data`, which should be an encoded function call. This is useful to initialize new storage variables in the
     * proxied contract.
     */
    function _dispatchUpgradeToAndCall() private returns (bytes memory) {
        (address newImplementation, bytes memory data) = abi.decode(msg.data[4:], (address, bytes));
        _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, true);
        return "";
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated. Use {ERC1967Upgrade-_getAdmin} instead.
     */
    function _admin() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _getAdmin();
    }
    /**
     * @dev To keep this contract fully transparent, all `ifAdmin` functions must be payable. This helper is here to
     * emulate some proxy functions being non-payable while still allowing value to pass through.
     */
    function _requireZeroValue() private {
        require(msg.value == 0);
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../Proxy.sol";
import "./ERC1967Upgrade.sol";
/**
 * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
 * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
 * implementation behind the proxy.
 */
contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
     *
     * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
     * function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
     */
    constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
        _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
        return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
 * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
 * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
 *
 * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
 * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
 *
 * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
 */
abstract contract Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
        assembly {
            // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
            // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
            // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
            // Call the implementation.
            // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
            // Copy the returned data.
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
            switch result
            // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
            case 0 {
                revert(0, returndatasize())
            }
            default {
                return(0, returndatasize())
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
     * and {_fallback} should delegate.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _fallback() internal virtual {
        _beforeFallback();
        _delegate(_implementation());
    }
    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
     * function in the contract matches the call data.
     */
    fallback() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }
    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
     * is empty.
     */
    receive() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }
    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
     * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
     *
     * If overridden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
     */
    function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
import "../../interfaces/IERC1967.sol";
import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";
/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade is IERC1967 {
    // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
    bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;
    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
        // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
        // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
        if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        } else {
            try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
            }
            _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     */
    function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }
    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
        require(
            Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
            "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
        );
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
     * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
     *
     * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeacon {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
/**
 * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
 *
 * _Available since v4.8.3._
 */
interface IERC1967 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
/**
 * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
 * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
 */
interface IERC1822Proxiable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
     * address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.
        return account.code.length > 0;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }
    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```solidity
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, `uint256`._
 * _Available since v4.9 for `string`, `bytes`._
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }
    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }
    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }
    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }
    struct StringSlot {
        string value;
    }
    struct BytesSlot {
        bytes value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity =0.8.16;
import {OwnableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import {PausableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/PausableUpgradeable.sol";
import {IL1MessageQueue} from "./IL1MessageQueue.sol";
import {IScrollChain} from "./IScrollChain.sol";
import {BatchHeaderV0Codec} from "../../libraries/codec/BatchHeaderV0Codec.sol";
import {ChunkCodec} from "../../libraries/codec/ChunkCodec.sol";
import {IRollupVerifier} from "../../libraries/verifier/IRollupVerifier.sol";
// solhint-disable no-inline-assembly
// solhint-disable reason-string
/// @title ScrollChain
/// @notice This contract maintains data for the Scroll rollup.
contract ScrollChain is OwnableUpgradeable, PausableUpgradeable, IScrollChain {
    /**********
     * Events *
     **********/
    /// @notice Emitted when owner updates the status of sequencer.
    /// @param account The address of account updated.
    /// @param status The status of the account updated.
    event UpdateSequencer(address indexed account, bool status);
    /// @notice Emitted when owner updates the status of prover.
    /// @param account The address of account updated.
    /// @param status The status of the account updated.
    event UpdateProver(address indexed account, bool status);
    /// @notice Emitted when the address of rollup verifier is updated.
    /// @param oldVerifier The address of old rollup verifier.
    /// @param newVerifier The address of new rollup verifier.
    event UpdateVerifier(address indexed oldVerifier, address indexed newVerifier);
    /// @notice Emitted when the value of `maxNumTxInChunk` is updated.
    /// @param oldMaxNumTxInChunk The old value of `maxNumTxInChunk`.
    /// @param newMaxNumTxInChunk The new value of `maxNumTxInChunk`.
    event UpdateMaxNumTxInChunk(uint256 oldMaxNumTxInChunk, uint256 newMaxNumTxInChunk);
    /*************
     * Constants *
     *************/
    /// @notice The chain id of the corresponding layer 2 chain.
    uint64 public immutable layer2ChainId;
    /*************
     * Variables *
     *************/
    /// @notice The maximum number of transactions allowed in each chunk.
    uint256 public maxNumTxInChunk;
    /// @notice The address of L1MessageQueue.
    address public messageQueue;
    /// @notice The address of RollupVerifier.
    address public verifier;
    /// @notice Whether an account is a sequencer.
    mapping(address => bool) public isSequencer;
    /// @notice Whether an account is a prover.
    mapping(address => bool) public isProver;
    /// @inheritdoc IScrollChain
    uint256 public override lastFinalizedBatchIndex;
    /// @inheritdoc IScrollChain
    mapping(uint256 => bytes32) public override committedBatches;
    /// @inheritdoc IScrollChain
    mapping(uint256 => bytes32) public override finalizedStateRoots;
    /// @inheritdoc IScrollChain
    mapping(uint256 => bytes32) public override withdrawRoots;
    /**********************
     * Function Modifiers *
     **********************/
    modifier OnlySequencer() {
        // @note In the decentralized mode, it should be only called by a list of validator.
        require(isSequencer[_msgSender()], "caller not sequencer");
        _;
    }
    modifier OnlyProver() {
        require(isProver[_msgSender()], "caller not prover");
        _;
    }
    /***************
     * Constructor *
     ***************/
    constructor(uint64 _chainId) {
        _disableInitializers();
        layer2ChainId = _chainId;
    }
    function initialize(
        address _messageQueue,
        address _verifier,
        uint256 _maxNumTxInChunk
    ) public initializer {
        OwnableUpgradeable.__Ownable_init();
        messageQueue = _messageQueue;
        verifier = _verifier;
        maxNumTxInChunk = _maxNumTxInChunk;
        emit UpdateVerifier(address(0), _verifier);
        emit UpdateMaxNumTxInChunk(0, _maxNumTxInChunk);
    }
    /*************************
     * Public View Functions *
     *************************/
    /// @inheritdoc IScrollChain
    function isBatchFinalized(uint256 _batchIndex) external view override returns (bool) {
        return _batchIndex <= lastFinalizedBatchIndex;
    }
    /*****************************
     * Public Mutating Functions *
     *****************************/
    /// @notice Import layer 2 genesis block
    function importGenesisBatch(bytes calldata _batchHeader, bytes32 _stateRoot) external {
        // check genesis batch header length
        require(_stateRoot != bytes32(0), "zero state root");
        // check whether the genesis batch is imported
        require(finalizedStateRoots[0] == bytes32(0), "Genesis batch imported");
        (uint256 memPtr, bytes32 _batchHash) = _loadBatchHeader(_batchHeader);
        // check all fields except `dataHash` and `lastBlockHash` are zero
        unchecked {
            uint256 sum = BatchHeaderV0Codec.version(memPtr) +
                BatchHeaderV0Codec.batchIndex(memPtr) +
                BatchHeaderV0Codec.l1MessagePopped(memPtr) +
                BatchHeaderV0Codec.totalL1MessagePopped(memPtr);
            require(sum == 0, "not all fields are zero");
        }
        require(BatchHeaderV0Codec.dataHash(memPtr) != bytes32(0), "zero data hash");
        require(BatchHeaderV0Codec.parentBatchHash(memPtr) == bytes32(0), "nonzero parent batch hash");
        committedBatches[0] = _batchHash;
        finalizedStateRoots[0] = _stateRoot;
        emit CommitBatch(0, _batchHash);
        emit FinalizeBatch(0, _batchHash, _stateRoot, bytes32(0));
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IScrollChain
    function commitBatch(
        uint8 _version,
        bytes calldata _parentBatchHeader,
        bytes[] memory _chunks,
        bytes calldata _skippedL1MessageBitmap
    ) external override OnlySequencer whenNotPaused {
        require(_version == 0, "invalid version");
        // check whether the batch is empty
        uint256 _chunksLength = _chunks.length;
        require(_chunksLength > 0, "batch is empty");
        // The overall memory layout in this function is organized as follows
        // +---------------------+-------------------+------------------+
        // | parent batch header | chunk data hashes | new batch header |
        // +---------------------+-------------------+------------------+
        // ^                     ^                   ^
        // batchPtr              dataPtr             newBatchPtr (re-use var batchPtr)
        //
        // 1. We copy the parent batch header from calldata to memory starting at batchPtr
        // 2. We store `_chunksLength` number of Keccak hashes starting at `dataPtr`. Each Keccak
        //    hash corresponds to the data hash of a chunk. So we reserve the memory region from
        //    `dataPtr` to `dataPtr + _chunkLength * 32` for the chunk data hashes.
        // 3. The memory starting at `newBatchPtr` is used to store the new batch header and compute
        //    the batch hash.
        // the variable `batchPtr` will be reused later for the current batch
        (uint256 batchPtr, bytes32 _parentBatchHash) = _loadBatchHeader(_parentBatchHeader);
        uint256 _batchIndex = BatchHeaderV0Codec.batchIndex(batchPtr);
        uint256 _totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall = BatchHeaderV0Codec.totalL1MessagePopped(batchPtr);
        require(committedBatches[_batchIndex] == _parentBatchHash, "incorrect parent batch hash");
        require(committedBatches[_batchIndex + 1] == 0, "batch already committed");
        // load `dataPtr` and reserve the memory region for chunk data hashes
        uint256 dataPtr;
        assembly {
            dataPtr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(0x40, add(dataPtr, mul(_chunksLength, 32)))
        }
        // compute the data hash for each chunk
        uint256 _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _chunksLength; i++) {
            uint256 _totalNumL1MessagesInChunk = _commitChunk(
                dataPtr,
                _chunks[i],
                _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch,
                _totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall,
                _skippedL1MessageBitmap
            );
            unchecked {
                _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch += _totalNumL1MessagesInChunk;
                _totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall += _totalNumL1MessagesInChunk;
                dataPtr += 32;
            }
        }
        // check the length of bitmap
        unchecked {
            require(
                ((_totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch + 255) / 256) * 32 == _skippedL1MessageBitmap.length,
                "wrong bitmap length"
            );
        }
        // compute the data hash for current batch
        bytes32 _dataHash;
        assembly {
            let dataLen := mul(_chunksLength, 0x20)
            _dataHash := keccak256(sub(dataPtr, dataLen), dataLen)
            batchPtr := mload(0x40) // reset batchPtr
            _batchIndex := add(_batchIndex, 1) // increase batch index
        }
        // store entries, the order matters
        BatchHeaderV0Codec.storeVersion(batchPtr, _version);
        BatchHeaderV0Codec.storeBatchIndex(batchPtr, _batchIndex);
        BatchHeaderV0Codec.storeL1MessagePopped(batchPtr, _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch);
        BatchHeaderV0Codec.storeTotalL1MessagePopped(batchPtr, _totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall);
        BatchHeaderV0Codec.storeDataHash(batchPtr, _dataHash);
        BatchHeaderV0Codec.storeParentBatchHash(batchPtr, _parentBatchHash);
        BatchHeaderV0Codec.storeSkippedBitmap(batchPtr, _skippedL1MessageBitmap);
        // compute batch hash
        bytes32 _batchHash = BatchHeaderV0Codec.computeBatchHash(batchPtr, 89 + _skippedL1MessageBitmap.length);
        committedBatches[_batchIndex] = _batchHash;
        emit CommitBatch(_batchIndex, _batchHash);
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IScrollChain
    /// @dev If the owner want to revert a sequence of batches by sending multiple transactions,
    ///      make sure to revert recent batches first.
    function revertBatch(bytes calldata _batchHeader, uint256 _count) external onlyOwner {
        require(_count > 0, "count must be nonzero");
        (uint256 memPtr, bytes32 _batchHash) = _loadBatchHeader(_batchHeader);
        // check batch hash
        uint256 _batchIndex = BatchHeaderV0Codec.batchIndex(memPtr);
        require(committedBatches[_batchIndex] == _batchHash, "incorrect batch hash");
        // make sure no gap is left when reverting from the ending to the beginning.
        require(committedBatches[_batchIndex + _count] == bytes32(0), "reverting must start from the ending");
        // check finalization
        require(_batchIndex > lastFinalizedBatchIndex, "can only revert unfinalized batch");
        while (_count > 0) {
            committedBatches[_batchIndex] = bytes32(0);
            emit RevertBatch(_batchIndex, _batchHash);
            unchecked {
                _batchIndex += 1;
                _count -= 1;
            }
            _batchHash = committedBatches[_batchIndex];
            if (_batchHash == bytes32(0)) break;
        }
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IScrollChain
    function finalizeBatchWithProof(
        bytes calldata _batchHeader,
        bytes32 _prevStateRoot,
        bytes32 _postStateRoot,
        bytes32 _withdrawRoot,
        bytes calldata _aggrProof
    ) external override OnlyProver whenNotPaused {
        require(_prevStateRoot != bytes32(0), "previous state root is zero");
        require(_postStateRoot != bytes32(0), "new state root is zero");
        // compute batch hash and verify
        (uint256 memPtr, bytes32 _batchHash) = _loadBatchHeader(_batchHeader);
        bytes32 _dataHash = BatchHeaderV0Codec.dataHash(memPtr);
        uint256 _batchIndex = BatchHeaderV0Codec.batchIndex(memPtr);
        require(committedBatches[_batchIndex] == _batchHash, "incorrect batch hash");
        // verify previous state root.
        require(finalizedStateRoots[_batchIndex - 1] == _prevStateRoot, "incorrect previous state root");
        // avoid duplicated verification
        require(finalizedStateRoots[_batchIndex] == bytes32(0), "batch already verified");
        // compute public input hash
        bytes32 _publicInputHash = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked(layer2ChainId, _prevStateRoot, _postStateRoot, _withdrawRoot, _dataHash)
        );
        // verify batch
        IRollupVerifier(verifier).verifyAggregateProof(_batchIndex, _aggrProof, _publicInputHash);
        // check and update lastFinalizedBatchIndex
        unchecked {
            require(lastFinalizedBatchIndex + 1 == _batchIndex, "incorrect batch index");
            lastFinalizedBatchIndex = _batchIndex;
        }
        // record state root and withdraw root
        finalizedStateRoots[_batchIndex] = _postStateRoot;
        withdrawRoots[_batchIndex] = _withdrawRoot;
        // Pop finalized and non-skipped message from L1MessageQueue.
        uint256 _l1MessagePopped = BatchHeaderV0Codec.l1MessagePopped(memPtr);
        if (_l1MessagePopped > 0) {
            IL1MessageQueue _queue = IL1MessageQueue(messageQueue);
            unchecked {
                uint256 _startIndex = BatchHeaderV0Codec.totalL1MessagePopped(memPtr) - _l1MessagePopped;
                for (uint256 i = 0; i < _l1MessagePopped; i += 256) {
                    uint256 _count = 256;
                    if (_l1MessagePopped - i < _count) {
                        _count = _l1MessagePopped - i;
                    }
                    uint256 _skippedBitmap = BatchHeaderV0Codec.skippedBitmap(memPtr, i / 256);
                    _queue.popCrossDomainMessage(_startIndex, _count, _skippedBitmap);
                    _startIndex += 256;
                }
            }
        }
        emit FinalizeBatch(_batchIndex, _batchHash, _postStateRoot, _withdrawRoot);
    }
    /************************
     * Restricted Functions *
     ************************/
    /// @notice Add an account to the sequencer list.
    /// @param _account The address of account to add.
    function addSequencer(address _account) external onlyOwner {
        isSequencer[_account] = true;
        emit UpdateSequencer(_account, true);
    }
    /// @notice Remove an account from the sequencer list.
    /// @param _account The address of account to remove.
    function removeSequencer(address _account) external onlyOwner {
        isSequencer[_account] = false;
        emit UpdateSequencer(_account, false);
    }
    /// @notice Add an account to the prover list.
    /// @param _account The address of account to add.
    function addProver(address _account) external onlyOwner {
        isProver[_account] = true;
        emit UpdateProver(_account, true);
    }
    /// @notice Add an account from the prover list.
    /// @param _account The address of account to remove.
    function removeProver(address _account) external onlyOwner {
        isProver[_account] = false;
        emit UpdateProver(_account, false);
    }
    /// @notice Update the address verifier contract.
    /// @param _newVerifier The address of new verifier contract.
    function updateVerifier(address _newVerifier) external onlyOwner {
        address _oldVerifier = verifier;
        verifier = _newVerifier;
        emit UpdateVerifier(_oldVerifier, _newVerifier);
    }
    /// @notice Update the value of `maxNumTxInChunk`.
    /// @param _maxNumTxInChunk The new value of `maxNumTxInChunk`.
    function updateMaxNumTxInChunk(uint256 _maxNumTxInChunk) external onlyOwner {
        uint256 _oldMaxNumTxInChunk = maxNumTxInChunk;
        maxNumTxInChunk = _maxNumTxInChunk;
        emit UpdateMaxNumTxInChunk(_oldMaxNumTxInChunk, _maxNumTxInChunk);
    }
    /// @notice Pause the contract
    /// @param _status The pause status to update.
    function setPause(bool _status) external onlyOwner {
        if (_status) {
            _pause();
        } else {
            _unpause();
        }
    }
    /**********************
     * Internal Functions *
     **********************/
    /// @dev Internal function to load batch header from calldata to memory.
    /// @param _batchHeader The batch header in calldata.
    /// @return memPtr The start memory offset of loaded batch header.
    /// @return _batchHash The hash of the loaded batch header.
    function _loadBatchHeader(bytes calldata _batchHeader) internal pure returns (uint256 memPtr, bytes32 _batchHash) {
        // load to memory
        uint256 _length;
        (memPtr, _length) = BatchHeaderV0Codec.loadAndValidate(_batchHeader);
        // compute batch hash
        _batchHash = BatchHeaderV0Codec.computeBatchHash(memPtr, _length);
    }
    /// @dev Internal function to commit a chunk.
    /// @param memPtr The start memory offset to store list of `dataHash`.
    /// @param _chunk The encoded chunk to commit.
    /// @param _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch The total number of L1 messages popped in current batch.
    /// @param _totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall The total number of L1 messages popped in all batches including current batch.
    /// @param _skippedL1MessageBitmap The bitmap indicates whether each L1 message is skipped or not.
    /// @return _totalNumL1MessagesInChunk The total number of L1 message popped in current chunk
    function _commitChunk(
        uint256 memPtr,
        bytes memory _chunk,
        uint256 _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch,
        uint256 _totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall,
        bytes calldata _skippedL1MessageBitmap
    ) internal view returns (uint256 _totalNumL1MessagesInChunk) {
        uint256 chunkPtr;
        uint256 startDataPtr;
        uint256 dataPtr;
        uint256 blockPtr;
        assembly {
            dataPtr := mload(0x40)
            startDataPtr := dataPtr
            chunkPtr := add(_chunk, 0x20) // skip chunkLength
            blockPtr := add(chunkPtr, 1) // skip numBlocks
        }
        uint256 _numBlocks = ChunkCodec.validateChunkLength(chunkPtr, _chunk.length);
        // concatenate block contexts, use scope to avoid stack too deep
        {
            uint256 _totalTransactionsInChunk;
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < _numBlocks; i++) {
                dataPtr = ChunkCodec.copyBlockContext(chunkPtr, dataPtr, i);
                uint256 _numTransactionsInBlock = ChunkCodec.numTransactions(blockPtr);
                unchecked {
                    _totalTransactionsInChunk += _numTransactionsInBlock;
                    blockPtr += ChunkCodec.BLOCK_CONTEXT_LENGTH;
                }
            }
            assembly {
                mstore(0x40, add(dataPtr, mul(_totalTransactionsInChunk, 0x20))) // reserve memory for tx hashes
            }
        }
        // It is used to compute the actual number of transactions in chunk.
        uint256 txHashStartDataPtr;
        assembly {
            txHashStartDataPtr := dataPtr
            blockPtr := add(chunkPtr, 1) // reset block ptr
        }
        // concatenate tx hashes
        uint256 l2TxPtr = ChunkCodec.l2TxPtr(chunkPtr, _numBlocks);
        while (_numBlocks > 0) {
            // concatenate l1 message hashes
            uint256 _numL1MessagesInBlock = ChunkCodec.numL1Messages(blockPtr);
            dataPtr = _loadL1MessageHashes(
                dataPtr,
                _numL1MessagesInBlock,
                _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch,
                _totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall,
                _skippedL1MessageBitmap
            );
            // concatenate l2 transaction hashes
            uint256 _numTransactionsInBlock = ChunkCodec.numTransactions(blockPtr);
            require(_numTransactionsInBlock >= _numL1MessagesInBlock, "num txs less than num L1 msgs");
            for (uint256 j = _numL1MessagesInBlock; j < _numTransactionsInBlock; j++) {
                bytes32 txHash;
                (txHash, l2TxPtr) = ChunkCodec.loadL2TxHash(l2TxPtr);
                assembly {
                    mstore(dataPtr, txHash)
                    dataPtr := add(dataPtr, 0x20)
                }
            }
            unchecked {
                _totalNumL1MessagesInChunk += _numL1MessagesInBlock;
                _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch += _numL1MessagesInBlock;
                _totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall += _numL1MessagesInBlock;
                _numBlocks -= 1;
                blockPtr += ChunkCodec.BLOCK_CONTEXT_LENGTH;
            }
        }
        // check the actual number of transactions in the chunk
        require((dataPtr - txHashStartDataPtr) / 32 <= maxNumTxInChunk, "too many txs in one chunk");
        // check chunk has correct length
        require(l2TxPtr - chunkPtr == _chunk.length, "incomplete l2 transaction data");
        // compute data hash and store to memory
        assembly {
            let dataHash := keccak256(startDataPtr, sub(dataPtr, startDataPtr))
            mstore(memPtr, dataHash)
        }
        return _totalNumL1MessagesInChunk;
    }
    /// @dev Internal function to load L1 message hashes from the message queue.
    /// @param _ptr The memory offset to store the transaction hash.
    /// @param _numL1Messages The number of L1 messages to load.
    /// @param _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch The total number of L1 messages popped in current batch.
    /// @param _totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall The total number of L1 messages popped in all batches including current batch.
    /// @param _skippedL1MessageBitmap The bitmap indicates whether each L1 message is skipped or not.
    /// @return uint256 The new memory offset after loading.
    function _loadL1MessageHashes(
        uint256 _ptr,
        uint256 _numL1Messages,
        uint256 _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch,
        uint256 _totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall,
        bytes calldata _skippedL1MessageBitmap
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        if (_numL1Messages == 0) return _ptr;
        IL1MessageQueue _messageQueue = IL1MessageQueue(messageQueue);
        unchecked {
            uint256 _bitmap;
            uint256 rem;
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < _numL1Messages; i++) {
                uint256 quo = _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch >> 8;
                rem = _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch & 0xff;
                // load bitmap every 256 bits
                if (i == 0 || rem == 0) {
                    assembly {
                        _bitmap := calldataload(add(_skippedL1MessageBitmap.offset, mul(0x20, quo)))
                    }
                }
                if (((_bitmap >> rem) & 1) == 0) {
                    // message not skipped
                    bytes32 _hash = _messageQueue.getCrossDomainMessage(_totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall);
                    assembly {
                        mstore(_ptr, _hash)
                        _ptr := add(_ptr, 0x20)
                    }
                }
                _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch += 1;
                _totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall += 1;
            }
            // check last L1 message is not skipped, _totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch must > 0
            rem = (_totalL1MessagesPoppedInBatch - 1) & 0xff;
            require(((_bitmap >> rem) & 1) == 0, "cannot skip last L1 message");
        }
        return _ptr;
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    address private _owner;
    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }
    function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }
    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }
    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (security/Pausable.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);
    bool private _paused;
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Pausable_init_unchained();
    }
    function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _paused = false;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _requireNotPaused();
        _;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _requirePaused();
        _;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
     */
    function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
     */
    function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.16;
interface IL1MessageQueue {
    /**********
     * Events *
     **********/
    /// @notice Emitted when a new L1 => L2 transaction is appended to the queue.
    /// @param sender The address of account who initiates the transaction.
    /// @param target The address of account who will receive the transaction.
    /// @param value The value passed with the transaction.
    /// @param queueIndex The index of this transaction in the queue.
    /// @param gasLimit Gas limit required to complete the message relay on L2.
    /// @param data The calldata of the transaction.
    event QueueTransaction(
        address indexed sender,
        address indexed target,
        uint256 value,
        uint64 queueIndex,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes data
    );
    /// @notice Emitted when some L1 => L2 transactions are included in L1.
    /// @param startIndex The start index of messages popped.
    /// @param count The number of messages popped.
    /// @param skippedBitmap A bitmap indicates whether a message is skipped.
    event DequeueTransaction(uint256 startIndex, uint256 count, uint256 skippedBitmap);
    /// @notice Emitted when a message is dropped from L1.
    /// @param index The index of message dropped.
    event DropTransaction(uint256 index);
    /*************************
     * Public View Functions *
     *************************/
    /// @notice The start index of all pending inclusion messages.
    function pendingQueueIndex() external view returns (uint256);
    /// @notice Return the index of next appended message.
    /// @dev Also the total number of appended messages.
    function nextCrossDomainMessageIndex() external view returns (uint256);
    /// @notice Return the message of in `queueIndex`.
    /// @param queueIndex The index to query.
    function getCrossDomainMessage(uint256 queueIndex) external view returns (bytes32);
    /// @notice Return the amount of ETH should pay for cross domain message.
    /// @param gasLimit Gas limit required to complete the message relay on L2.
    function estimateCrossDomainMessageFee(uint256 gasLimit) external view returns (uint256);
    /// @notice Return the amount of intrinsic gas fee should pay for cross domain message.
    /// @param _calldata The calldata of L1-initiated transaction.
    function calculateIntrinsicGasFee(bytes memory _calldata) external view returns (uint256);
    /// @notice Return the hash of a L1 message.
    /// @param sender The address of sender.
    /// @param queueIndex The queue index of this message.
    /// @param value The amount of Ether transfer to target.
    /// @param target The address of target.
    /// @param gasLimit The gas limit provided.
    /// @param data The calldata passed to target address.
    function computeTransactionHash(
        address sender,
        uint256 queueIndex,
        uint256 value,
        address target,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external view returns (bytes32);
    /// @notice Return whether the message is skipped.
    /// @param queueIndex The queue index of the message to check.
    function isMessageSkipped(uint256 queueIndex) external view returns (bool);
    /// @notice Return whether the message is dropped.
    /// @param queueIndex The queue index of the message to check.
    function isMessageDropped(uint256 queueIndex) external view returns (bool);
    /*****************************
     * Public Mutating Functions *
     *****************************/
    /// @notice Append a L1 to L2 message into this contract.
    /// @param target The address of target contract to call in L2.
    /// @param gasLimit The maximum gas should be used for relay this message in L2.
    /// @param data The calldata passed to target contract.
    function appendCrossDomainMessage(
        address target,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
    /// @notice Append an enforced transaction to this contract.
    /// @dev The address of sender should be an EOA.
    /// @param sender The address of sender who will initiate this transaction in L2.
    /// @param target The address of target contract to call in L2.
    /// @param value The value passed
    /// @param gasLimit The maximum gas should be used for this transaction in L2.
    /// @param data The calldata passed to target contract.
    function appendEnforcedTransaction(
        address sender,
        address target,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
    /// @notice Pop finalized messages from queue.
    ///
    /// @dev We can pop at most 256 messages each time. And if the message is not skipped,
    ///      the corresponding entry will be cleared.
    ///
    /// @param startIndex The start index to pop.
    /// @param count The number of messages to pop.
    /// @param skippedBitmap A bitmap indicates whether a message is skipped.
    function popCrossDomainMessage(
        uint256 startIndex,
        uint256 count,
        uint256 skippedBitmap
    ) external;
    /// @notice Drop a skipped message from the queue.
    function dropCrossDomainMessage(uint256 index) external;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.16;
interface IScrollChain {
    /**********
     * Events *
     **********/
    /// @notice Emitted when a new batch is committed.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    /// @param batchHash The hash of the batch.
    event CommitBatch(uint256 indexed batchIndex, bytes32 indexed batchHash);
    /// @notice revert a pending batch.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    /// @param batchHash The hash of the batch
    event RevertBatch(uint256 indexed batchIndex, bytes32 indexed batchHash);
    /// @notice Emitted when a batch is finalized.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    /// @param batchHash The hash of the batch
    /// @param stateRoot The state root on layer 2 after this batch.
    /// @param withdrawRoot The merkle root on layer2 after this batch.
    event FinalizeBatch(uint256 indexed batchIndex, bytes32 indexed batchHash, bytes32 stateRoot, bytes32 withdrawRoot);
    /*************************
     * Public View Functions *
     *************************/
    /// @notice The latest finalized batch index.
    function lastFinalizedBatchIndex() external view returns (uint256);
    /// @notice Return the batch hash of a committed batch.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    function committedBatches(uint256 batchIndex) external view returns (bytes32);
    /// @notice Return the state root of a committed batch.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    function finalizedStateRoots(uint256 batchIndex) external view returns (bytes32);
    /// @notice Return the message root of a committed batch.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    function withdrawRoots(uint256 batchIndex) external view returns (bytes32);
    /// @notice Return whether the batch is finalized by batch index.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    function isBatchFinalized(uint256 batchIndex) external view returns (bool);
    /*****************************
     * Public Mutating Functions *
     *****************************/
    /// @notice Commit a batch of transactions on layer 1.
    ///
    /// @param version The version of current batch.
    /// @param parentBatchHeader The header of parent batch, see the comments of `BatchHeaderV0Codec`.
    /// @param chunks The list of encoded chunks, see the comments of `ChunkCodec`.
    /// @param skippedL1MessageBitmap The bitmap indicates whether each L1 message is skipped or not.
    function commitBatch(
        uint8 version,
        bytes calldata parentBatchHeader,
        bytes[] memory chunks,
        bytes calldata skippedL1MessageBitmap
    ) external;
    /// @notice Revert a pending batch.
    /// @dev one can only revert unfinalized batches.
    /// @param batchHeader The header of current batch, see the encoding in comments of `commitBatch`.
    /// @param count The number of subsequent batches to revert, including current batch.
    function revertBatch(bytes calldata batchHeader, uint256 count) external;
    /// @notice Finalize a committed batch on layer 1.
    /// @param batchHeader The header of current batch, see the encoding in comments of `commitBatch.
    /// @param prevStateRoot The state root of parent batch.
    /// @param postStateRoot The state root of current batch.
    /// @param withdrawRoot The withdraw trie root of current batch.
    /// @param aggrProof The aggregation proof for current batch.
    function finalizeBatchWithProof(
        bytes calldata batchHeader,
        bytes32 prevStateRoot,
        bytes32 postStateRoot,
        bytes32 withdrawRoot,
        bytes calldata aggrProof
    ) external;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.16;
// solhint-disable no-inline-assembly
/// @dev Below is the encoding for `BatchHeader` V0, total 89 + ceil(l1MessagePopped / 256) * 32 bytes.
/// ```text
///   * Field                   Bytes       Type        Index   Comments
///   * version                 1           uint8       0       The batch version
///   * batchIndex              8           uint64      1       The index of the batch
///   * l1MessagePopped         8           uint64      9       Number of L1 messages popped in the batch
///   * totalL1MessagePopped    8           uint64      17      Number of total L1 message popped after the batch
///   * dataHash                32          bytes32     25      The data hash of the batch
///   * parentBatchHash         32          bytes32     57      The parent batch hash
///   * skippedL1MessageBitmap  dynamic     uint256[]   89      A bitmap to indicate which L1 messages are skipped in the batch
/// ```
library BatchHeaderV0Codec {
    /// @notice Load batch header in calldata to memory.
    /// @param _batchHeader The encoded batch header bytes in calldata.
    /// @return batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @return length The length in bytes of the batch header.
    function loadAndValidate(bytes calldata _batchHeader) internal pure returns (uint256 batchPtr, uint256 length) {
        length = _batchHeader.length;
        require(length >= 89, "batch header length too small");
        // copy batch header to memory.
        assembly {
            batchPtr := mload(0x40)
            calldatacopy(batchPtr, _batchHeader.offset, length)
            mstore(0x40, add(batchPtr, length))
        }
        // check batch header length
        uint256 _l1MessagePopped = BatchHeaderV0Codec.l1MessagePopped(batchPtr);
        unchecked {
            require(length == 89 + ((_l1MessagePopped + 255) / 256) * 32, "wrong bitmap length");
        }
    }
    /// @notice Get the version of the batch header.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @return _version The version of the batch header.
    function version(uint256 batchPtr) internal pure returns (uint256 _version) {
        assembly {
            _version := shr(248, mload(batchPtr))
        }
    }
    /// @notice Get the batch index of the batch.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @return _batchIndex The batch index of the batch.
    function batchIndex(uint256 batchPtr) internal pure returns (uint256 _batchIndex) {
        assembly {
            _batchIndex := shr(192, mload(add(batchPtr, 1)))
        }
    }
    /// @notice Get the number of L1 messages of the batch.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @return _l1MessagePopped The number of L1 messages of the batch.
    function l1MessagePopped(uint256 batchPtr) internal pure returns (uint256 _l1MessagePopped) {
        assembly {
            _l1MessagePopped := shr(192, mload(add(batchPtr, 9)))
        }
    }
    /// @notice Get the number of L1 messages popped before this batch.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @return _totalL1MessagePopped The the number of L1 messages popped before this batch.
    function totalL1MessagePopped(uint256 batchPtr) internal pure returns (uint256 _totalL1MessagePopped) {
        assembly {
            _totalL1MessagePopped := shr(192, mload(add(batchPtr, 17)))
        }
    }
    /// @notice Get the data hash of the batch header.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @return _dataHash The data hash of the batch header.
    function dataHash(uint256 batchPtr) internal pure returns (bytes32 _dataHash) {
        assembly {
            _dataHash := mload(add(batchPtr, 25))
        }
    }
    /// @notice Get the parent batch hash of the batch header.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @return _parentBatchHash The parent batch hash of the batch header.
    function parentBatchHash(uint256 batchPtr) internal pure returns (bytes32 _parentBatchHash) {
        assembly {
            _parentBatchHash := mload(add(batchPtr, 57))
        }
    }
    /// @notice Get the skipped L1 messages bitmap.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @param index The index of bitmap to load.
    /// @return _bitmap The bitmap from bits `index * 256` to `index * 256 + 255`.
    function skippedBitmap(uint256 batchPtr, uint256 index) internal pure returns (uint256 _bitmap) {
        assembly {
            batchPtr := add(batchPtr, 89)
            _bitmap := mload(add(batchPtr, mul(index, 32)))
        }
    }
    /// @notice Store the version of batch header.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @param _version The version of batch header.
    function storeVersion(uint256 batchPtr, uint256 _version) internal pure {
        assembly {
            mstore8(batchPtr, _version)
        }
    }
    /// @notice Store the batch index of batch header.
    /// @dev Because this function can overwrite the subsequent fields, it must be called before
    /// `storeL1MessagePopped`, `storeTotalL1MessagePopped`, and `storeDataHash`.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @param _batchIndex The batch index.
    function storeBatchIndex(uint256 batchPtr, uint256 _batchIndex) internal pure {
        assembly {
            mstore(add(batchPtr, 1), shl(192, _batchIndex))
        }
    }
    /// @notice Store the number of L1 messages popped in current batch to batch header.
    /// @dev Because this function can overwrite the subsequent fields, it must be called before
    /// `storeTotalL1MessagePopped` and `storeDataHash`.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @param _l1MessagePopped The number of L1 messages popped in current batch.
    function storeL1MessagePopped(uint256 batchPtr, uint256 _l1MessagePopped) internal pure {
        assembly {
            mstore(add(batchPtr, 9), shl(192, _l1MessagePopped))
        }
    }
    /// @notice Store the total number of L1 messages popped after current batch to batch header.
    /// @dev Because this function can overwrite the subsequent fields, it must be called before
    /// `storeDataHash`.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @param _totalL1MessagePopped The total number of L1 messages popped after current batch.
    function storeTotalL1MessagePopped(uint256 batchPtr, uint256 _totalL1MessagePopped) internal pure {
        assembly {
            mstore(add(batchPtr, 17), shl(192, _totalL1MessagePopped))
        }
    }
    /// @notice Store the data hash of batch header.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @param _dataHash The data hash.
    function storeDataHash(uint256 batchPtr, bytes32 _dataHash) internal pure {
        assembly {
            mstore(add(batchPtr, 25), _dataHash)
        }
    }
    /// @notice Store the parent batch hash of batch header.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @param _parentBatchHash The parent batch hash.
    function storeParentBatchHash(uint256 batchPtr, bytes32 _parentBatchHash) internal pure {
        assembly {
            mstore(add(batchPtr, 57), _parentBatchHash)
        }
    }
    /// @notice Store the skipped L1 message bitmap of batch header.
    /// @param batchPtr The start memory offset of the batch header in memory.
    /// @param _skippedL1MessageBitmap The skipped L1 message bitmap.
    function storeSkippedBitmap(uint256 batchPtr, bytes calldata _skippedL1MessageBitmap) internal pure {
        assembly {
            calldatacopy(add(batchPtr, 89), _skippedL1MessageBitmap.offset, _skippedL1MessageBitmap.length)
        }
    }
    /// @notice Compute the batch hash.
    /// @dev Caller should make sure that the encoded batch header is correct.
    ///
    /// @param batchPtr The memory offset of the encoded batch header.
    /// @param length The length of the batch.
    /// @return _batchHash The hash of the corresponding batch.
    function computeBatchHash(uint256 batchPtr, uint256 length) internal pure returns (bytes32 _batchHash) {
        // in the current version, the hash is: keccak(BatchHeader without timestamp)
        assembly {
            _batchHash := keccak256(batchPtr, length)
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.16;
/// @dev Below is the encoding for `Chunk`, total 60*n+1+m bytes.
/// ```text
///   * Field           Bytes       Type            Index       Comments
///   * numBlocks       1           uint8           0           The number of blocks in this chunk
///   * block[0]        60          BlockContext    1           The first block in this chunk
///   * ......
///   * block[i]        60          BlockContext    60*i+1      The (i+1)'th block in this chunk
///   * ......
///   * block[n-1]      60          BlockContext    60*n-59     The last block in this chunk
///   * l2Transactions  dynamic     bytes           60*n+1
/// ```
///
/// @dev Below is the encoding for `BlockContext`, total 60 bytes.
/// ```text
///   * Field                   Bytes      Type         Index  Comments
///   * blockNumber             8          uint64       0      The height of this block.
///   * timestamp               8          uint64       8      The timestamp of this block.
///   * baseFee                 32         uint256      16     The base fee of this block. Currently, it is always 0, because we disable EIP-1559.
///   * gasLimit                8          uint64       48     The gas limit of this block.
///   * numTransactions         2          uint16       56     The number of transactions in this block, both L1 & L2 txs.
///   * numL1Messages           2          uint16       58     The number of l1 messages in this block.
/// ```
library ChunkCodec {
    uint256 internal constant BLOCK_CONTEXT_LENGTH = 60;
    /// @notice Validate the length of chunk.
    /// @param chunkPtr The start memory offset of the chunk in memory.
    /// @param _length The length of the chunk.
    /// @return _numBlocks The number of blocks in current chunk.
    function validateChunkLength(uint256 chunkPtr, uint256 _length) internal pure returns (uint256 _numBlocks) {
        _numBlocks = numBlocks(chunkPtr);
        // should contain at least one block
        require(_numBlocks > 0, "no block in chunk");
        // should contain at least the number of the blocks and block contexts
        require(_length >= 1 + _numBlocks * BLOCK_CONTEXT_LENGTH, "invalid chunk length");
    }
    /// @notice Return the start memory offset of `l2Transactions`.
    /// @dev The caller should make sure `_numBlocks` is correct.
    /// @param chunkPtr The start memory offset of the chunk in memory.
    /// @param _numBlocks The number of blocks in current chunk.
    /// @return _l2TxPtr the start memory offset of `l2Transactions`.
    function l2TxPtr(uint256 chunkPtr, uint256 _numBlocks) internal pure returns (uint256 _l2TxPtr) {
        unchecked {
            _l2TxPtr = chunkPtr + 1 + _numBlocks * BLOCK_CONTEXT_LENGTH;
        }
    }
    /// @notice Return the number of blocks in current chunk.
    /// @param chunkPtr The start memory offset of the chunk in memory.
    /// @return _numBlocks The number of blocks in current chunk.
    function numBlocks(uint256 chunkPtr) internal pure returns (uint256 _numBlocks) {
        assembly {
            _numBlocks := shr(248, mload(chunkPtr))
        }
    }
    /// @notice Copy the block context to another memory.
    /// @param chunkPtr The start memory offset of the chunk in memory.
    /// @param dstPtr The destination memory offset to store the block context.
    /// @param index The index of block context to copy.
    /// @return uint256 The new destination memory offset after copy.
    function copyBlockContext(
        uint256 chunkPtr,
        uint256 dstPtr,
        uint256 index
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // only first 58 bytes is needed.
        assembly {
            chunkPtr := add(chunkPtr, add(1, mul(BLOCK_CONTEXT_LENGTH, index)))
            mstore(dstPtr, mload(chunkPtr)) // first 32 bytes
            mstore(
                add(dstPtr, 0x20),
                and(mload(add(chunkPtr, 0x20)), 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff000000000000)
            ) // next 26 bytes
            dstPtr := add(dstPtr, 58)
        }
        return dstPtr;
    }
    /// @notice Return the number of transactions in current block.
    /// @param blockPtr The start memory offset of the block context in memory.
    /// @return _numTransactions The number of transactions in current block.
    function numTransactions(uint256 blockPtr) internal pure returns (uint256 _numTransactions) {
        assembly {
            _numTransactions := shr(240, mload(add(blockPtr, 56)))
        }
    }
    /// @notice Return the number of L1 messages in current block.
    /// @param blockPtr The start memory offset of the block context in memory.
    /// @return _numL1Messages The number of L1 messages in current block.
    function numL1Messages(uint256 blockPtr) internal pure returns (uint256 _numL1Messages) {
        assembly {
            _numL1Messages := shr(240, mload(add(blockPtr, 58)))
        }
    }
    /// @notice Compute and load the transaction hash.
    /// @param _l2TxPtr The start memory offset of the transaction in memory.
    /// @return bytes32 The transaction hash of the transaction.
    /// @return uint256 The start memory offset of the next transaction in memory.
    function loadL2TxHash(uint256 _l2TxPtr) internal pure returns (bytes32, uint256) {
        bytes32 txHash;
        assembly {
            // first 4 bytes indicate the length
            let txPayloadLength := shr(224, mload(_l2TxPtr))
            _l2TxPtr := add(_l2TxPtr, 4)
            txHash := keccak256(_l2TxPtr, txPayloadLength)
            _l2TxPtr := add(_l2TxPtr, txPayloadLength)
        }
        return (txHash, _l2TxPtr);
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.16;
interface IRollupVerifier {
    /// @notice Verify aggregate zk proof.
    /// @param batchIndex The batch index to verify.
    /// @param aggrProof The aggregated proof.
    /// @param publicInputHash The public input hash.
    function verifyAggregateProof(
        uint256 batchIndex,
        bytes calldata aggrProof,
        bytes32 publicInputHash
    ) external view;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }
    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```solidity
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;
    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);
    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
     * constructor.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized != type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
        return _initialized;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _initializing;
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.
        return account.code.length > 0;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }
    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity =0.8.16;
import {Ownable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import {IScrollChain} from "./IScrollChain.sol";
import {IRollupVerifier} from "../../libraries/verifier/IRollupVerifier.sol";
import {IZkEvmVerifier} from "../../libraries/verifier/IZkEvmVerifier.sol";
contract MultipleVersionRollupVerifier is IRollupVerifier, Ownable {
    /**********
     * Events *
     **********/
    /// @notice Emitted when the address of verifier is updated.
    /// @param startBatchIndex The start batch index when the verifier will be used.
    /// @param verifier The address of new verifier.
    event UpdateVerifier(uint256 startBatchIndex, address verifier);
    /***********
     * Structs *
     ***********/
    struct Verifier {
        // The start batch index for the verifier.
        uint64 startBatchIndex;
        // The address of zkevm verifier.
        address verifier;
    }
    /*************
     * Variables *
     *************/
    /// @notice The list of legacy zkevm verifier, sorted by batchIndex in increasing order.
    Verifier[] public legacyVerifiers;
    /// @notice The lastest used zkevm verifier.
    Verifier public latestVerifier;
    /// @notice The address of ScrollChain contract.
    address public scrollChain;
    /***************
     * Constructor *
     ***************/
    constructor(address _verifier) {
        require(_verifier != address(0), "zero verifier address");
        latestVerifier.verifier = _verifier;
    }
    function initialize(address _scrollChain) external onlyOwner {
        require(scrollChain == address(0), "initialized");
        scrollChain = _scrollChain;
    }
    /*************************
     * Public View Functions *
     *************************/
    /// @notice Return the number of legacy verifiers.
    function legacyVerifiersLength() external view returns (uint256) {
        return legacyVerifiers.length;
    }
    /// @notice Compute the verifier should be used for specific batch.
    /// @param _batchIndex The batch index to query.
    function getVerifier(uint256 _batchIndex) public view returns (address) {
        // Normally, we will use the latest verifier.
        Verifier memory _verifier = latestVerifier;
        if (_verifier.startBatchIndex > _batchIndex) {
            uint256 _length = legacyVerifiers.length;
            // In most case, only last few verifier will be used by `ScrollChain`.
            // So, we use linear search instead of binary search.
            unchecked {
                for (uint256 i = _length; i > 0; --i) {
                    _verifier = legacyVerifiers[i - 1];
                    if (_verifier.startBatchIndex <= _batchIndex) break;
                }
            }
        }
        return _verifier.verifier;
    }
    /*****************************
     * Public Mutating Functions *
     *****************************/
    /// @inheritdoc IRollupVerifier
    function verifyAggregateProof(
        uint256 _batchIndex,
        bytes calldata _aggrProof,
        bytes32 _publicInputHash
    ) external view override {
        address _verifier = getVerifier(_batchIndex);
        IZkEvmVerifier(_verifier).verify(_aggrProof, _publicInputHash);
    }
    /************************
     * Restricted Functions *
     ************************/
    /// @notice Update the address of zkevm verifier.
    /// @param _startBatchIndex The start batch index when the verifier will be used.
    /// @param _verifier The address of new verifier.
    function updateVerifier(uint64 _startBatchIndex, address _verifier) external onlyOwner {
        require(_startBatchIndex > IScrollChain(scrollChain).lastFinalizedBatchIndex(), "start batch index finalized");
        Verifier memory _latestVerifier = latestVerifier;
        require(_startBatchIndex >= _latestVerifier.startBatchIndex, "start batch index too small");
        require(_verifier != address(0), "zero verifier address");
        if (_latestVerifier.startBatchIndex < _startBatchIndex) {
            legacyVerifiers.push(_latestVerifier);
            _latestVerifier.startBatchIndex = _startBatchIndex;
        }
        _latestVerifier.verifier = _verifier;
        latestVerifier = _latestVerifier;
        emit UpdateVerifier(_startBatchIndex, _verifier);
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../utils/Context.sol";
/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;
    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }
    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }
    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.16;
interface IScrollChain {
    /**********
     * Events *
     **********/
    /// @notice Emitted when a new batch is committed.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    /// @param batchHash The hash of the batch.
    event CommitBatch(uint256 indexed batchIndex, bytes32 indexed batchHash);
    /// @notice revert a pending batch.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    /// @param batchHash The hash of the batch
    event RevertBatch(uint256 indexed batchIndex, bytes32 indexed batchHash);
    /// @notice Emitted when a batch is finalized.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    /// @param batchHash The hash of the batch
    /// @param stateRoot The state root on layer 2 after this batch.
    /// @param withdrawRoot The merkle root on layer2 after this batch.
    event FinalizeBatch(uint256 indexed batchIndex, bytes32 indexed batchHash, bytes32 stateRoot, bytes32 withdrawRoot);
    /*************************
     * Public View Functions *
     *************************/
    /// @notice The latest finalized batch index.
    function lastFinalizedBatchIndex() external view returns (uint256);
    /// @notice Return the batch hash of a committed batch.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    function committedBatches(uint256 batchIndex) external view returns (bytes32);
    /// @notice Return the state root of a committed batch.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    function finalizedStateRoots(uint256 batchIndex) external view returns (bytes32);
    /// @notice Return the message root of a committed batch.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    function withdrawRoots(uint256 batchIndex) external view returns (bytes32);
    /// @notice Return whether the batch is finalized by batch index.
    /// @param batchIndex The index of the batch.
    function isBatchFinalized(uint256 batchIndex) external view returns (bool);
    /*****************************
     * Public Mutating Functions *
     *****************************/
    /// @notice Commit a batch of transactions on layer 1.
    ///
    /// @param version The version of current batch.
    /// @param parentBatchHeader The header of parent batch, see the comments of `BatchHeaderV0Codec`.
    /// @param chunks The list of encoded chunks, see the comments of `ChunkCodec`.
    /// @param skippedL1MessageBitmap The bitmap indicates whether each L1 message is skipped or not.
    function commitBatch(
        uint8 version,
        bytes calldata parentBatchHeader,
        bytes[] memory chunks,
        bytes calldata skippedL1MessageBitmap
    ) external;
    /// @notice Revert a pending batch.
    /// @dev one can only revert unfinalized batches.
    /// @param batchHeader The header of current batch, see the encoding in comments of `commitBatch`.
    /// @param count The number of subsequent batches to revert, including current batch.
    function revertBatch(bytes calldata batchHeader, uint256 count) external;
    /// @notice Finalize a committed batch on layer 1.
    /// @param batchHeader The header of current batch, see the encoding in comments of `commitBatch.
    /// @param prevStateRoot The state root of parent batch.
    /// @param postStateRoot The state root of current batch.
    /// @param withdrawRoot The withdraw trie root of current batch.
    /// @param aggrProof The aggregation proof for current batch.
    function finalizeBatchWithProof(
        bytes calldata batchHeader,
        bytes32 prevStateRoot,
        bytes32 postStateRoot,
        bytes32 withdrawRoot,
        bytes calldata aggrProof
    ) external;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.16;
interface IRollupVerifier {
    /// @notice Verify aggregate zk proof.
    /// @param batchIndex The batch index to verify.
    /// @param aggrProof The aggregated proof.
    /// @param publicInputHash The public input hash.
    function verifyAggregateProof(
        uint256 batchIndex,
        bytes calldata aggrProof,
        bytes32 publicInputHash
    ) external view;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.16;
interface IZkEvmVerifier {
    /// @notice Verify aggregate zk proof.
    /// @param aggrProof The aggregated proof.
    /// @param publicInputHash The public input hash.
    function verify(bytes calldata aggrProof, bytes32 publicInputHash) external view;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }
    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity =0.8.16;
import {IZkEvmVerifier} from "./IZkEvmVerifier.sol";
// solhint-disable no-inline-assembly
contract ZkEvmVerifierV1 is IZkEvmVerifier {
    /**********
     * Errors *
     **********/
    /// @dev Thrown when aggregate zk proof verification is failed.
    error VerificationFailed();
    /*************
     * Constants *
     *************/
    /// @notice The address of highly optimized plonk verifier contract.
    address public immutable plonkVerifier;
    /***************
     * Constructor *
     ***************/
    constructor(address _verifier) {
        plonkVerifier = _verifier;
    }
    /*************************
     * Public View Functions *
     *************************/
    /// @inheritdoc IZkEvmVerifier
    function verify(bytes calldata aggrProof, bytes32 publicInputHash) external view override {
        address _verifier = plonkVerifier;
        bool success;
        // 1. the first 12 * 32 (0x180) bytes of `aggrProof` is `accumulator`
        // 2. the rest bytes of `aggrProof` is the actual `batch_aggregated_proof`
        // 3. each byte of the `public_input_hash` should be converted to a `uint256` and the
        //    1024 (0x400) bytes should inserted between `accumulator` and `batch_aggregated_proof`.
        assembly {
            let p := mload(0x40)
            calldatacopy(p, aggrProof.offset, 0x180)
            for {
                let i := 0
            } lt(i, 0x400) {
                i := add(i, 0x20)
            } {
                mstore(add(p, sub(0x560, i)), and(publicInputHash, 0xff))
                publicInputHash := shr(8, publicInputHash)
            }
            calldatacopy(add(p, 0x580), add(aggrProof.offset, 0x180), sub(aggrProof.length, 0x180))
            success := staticcall(gas(), _verifier, p, add(aggrProof.length, 0x400), 0x00, 0x00)
        }
        if (!success) {
            revert VerificationFailed();
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.16;
interface IZkEvmVerifier {
    /// @notice Verify aggregate zk proof.
    /// @param aggrProof The aggregated proof.
    /// @param publicInputHash The public input hash.
    function verify(bytes calldata aggrProof, bytes32 publicInputHash) external view;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity =0.8.16;
import {OwnableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import {BitMapsUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/structs/BitMapsUpgradeable.sol";
import {IL2GasPriceOracle} from "./IL2GasPriceOracle.sol";
import {IL1MessageQueue} from "./IL1MessageQueue.sol";
import {AddressAliasHelper} from "../../libraries/common/AddressAliasHelper.sol";
// solhint-disable no-empty-blocks
// solhint-disable no-inline-assembly
// solhint-disable reason-string
/// @title L1MessageQueue
/// @notice This contract will hold all L1 to L2 messages.
/// Each appended message is assigned with a unique and increasing `uint256` index.
contract L1MessageQueue is OwnableUpgradeable, IL1MessageQueue {
    using BitMapsUpgradeable for BitMapsUpgradeable.BitMap;
    /**********
     * Events *
     **********/
    /// @notice Emitted when owner updates gas oracle contract.
    /// @param _oldGasOracle The address of old gas oracle contract.
    /// @param _newGasOracle The address of new gas oracle contract.
    event UpdateGasOracle(address indexed _oldGasOracle, address indexed _newGasOracle);
    /// @notice Emitted when owner updates EnforcedTxGateway contract.
    /// @param _oldGateway The address of old EnforcedTxGateway contract.
    /// @param _newGateway The address of new EnforcedTxGateway contract.
    event UpdateEnforcedTxGateway(address indexed _oldGateway, address indexed _newGateway);
    /// @notice Emitted when owner updates max gas limit.
    /// @param _oldMaxGasLimit The old max gas limit.
    /// @param _newMaxGasLimit The new max gas limit.
    event UpdateMaxGasLimit(uint256 _oldMaxGasLimit, uint256 _newMaxGasLimit);
    /*************
     * Variables *
     *************/
    /// @notice The address of L1ScrollMessenger contract.
    address public messenger;
    /// @notice The address of ScrollChain contract.
    address public scrollChain;
    /// @notice The address EnforcedTxGateway contract.
    address public enforcedTxGateway;
    /// @notice The address of GasOracle contract.
    address public gasOracle;
    /// @notice The list of queued cross domain messages.
    bytes32[] public messageQueue;
    /// @inheritdoc IL1MessageQueue
    uint256 public pendingQueueIndex;
    /// @notice The max gas limit of L1 transactions.
    uint256 public maxGasLimit;
    /// @dev The bitmap for dropped messages, where `droppedMessageBitmap[i]` keeps the bits from `[i*256, (i+1)*256)`.
    BitMapsUpgradeable.BitMap private droppedMessageBitmap;
    /// @dev The bitmap for skipped messages, where `skippedMessageBitmap[i]` keeps the bits from `[i*256, (i+1)*256)`.
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private skippedMessageBitmap;
    /**********************
     * Function Modifiers *
     **********************/
    modifier onlyMessenger() {
        require(_msgSender() == messenger, "Only callable by the L1ScrollMessenger");
        _;
    }
    /***************
     * Constructor *
     ***************/
    constructor() {
        _disableInitializers();
    }
    function initialize(
        address _messenger,
        address _scrollChain,
        address _enforcedTxGateway,
        address _gasOracle,
        uint256 _maxGasLimit
    ) external initializer {
        OwnableUpgradeable.__Ownable_init();
        messenger = _messenger;
        scrollChain = _scrollChain;
        enforcedTxGateway = _enforcedTxGateway;
        gasOracle = _gasOracle;
        maxGasLimit = _maxGasLimit;
    }
    /*************************
     * Public View Functions *
     *************************/
    /// @inheritdoc IL1MessageQueue
    function nextCrossDomainMessageIndex() external view returns (uint256) {
        return messageQueue.length;
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IL1MessageQueue
    function getCrossDomainMessage(uint256 _queueIndex) external view returns (bytes32) {
        return messageQueue[_queueIndex];
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IL1MessageQueue
    function estimateCrossDomainMessageFee(uint256 _gasLimit) external view override returns (uint256) {
        address _oracle = gasOracle;
        if (_oracle == address(0)) return 0;
        return IL2GasPriceOracle(_oracle).estimateCrossDomainMessageFee(_gasLimit);
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IL1MessageQueue
    function calculateIntrinsicGasFee(bytes memory _calldata) public view override returns (uint256) {
        address _oracle = gasOracle;
        if (_oracle == address(0)) return 0;
        return IL2GasPriceOracle(_oracle).calculateIntrinsicGasFee(_calldata);
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IL1MessageQueue
    function computeTransactionHash(
        address _sender,
        uint256 _queueIndex,
        uint256 _value,
        address _target,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) public pure override returns (bytes32) {
        // We use EIP-2718 to encode the L1 message, and the encoding of the message is
        //      `TransactionType || TransactionPayload`
        // where
        //  1. `TransactionType` is 0x7E
        //  2. `TransactionPayload` is `rlp([queueIndex, gasLimit, to, value, data, sender])`
        //
        // The spec of rlp: https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp/
        uint256 transactionType = 0x7E;
        bytes32 hash;
        assembly {
            function get_uint_bytes(v) -> len {
                if eq(v, 0) {
                    len := 1
                    leave
                }
                for {
                } gt(v, 0) {
                } {
                    len := add(len, 1)
                    v := shr(8, v)
                }
            }
            // This is used for both store uint and single byte.
            // Integer zero is special handled by geth to encode as `0x80`
            function store_uint_or_byte(_ptr, v, is_uint) -> ptr {
                ptr := _ptr
                switch lt(v, 128)
                case 1 {
                    switch and(iszero(v), is_uint)
                    case 1 {
                        // integer 0
                        mstore8(ptr, 0x80)
                    }
                    default {
                        // single byte in the [0x00, 0x7f]
                        mstore8(ptr, v)
                    }
                    ptr := add(ptr, 1)
                }
                default {
                    // 1-32 bytes long
                    let len := get_uint_bytes(v)
                    mstore8(ptr, add(len, 0x80))
                    ptr := add(ptr, 1)
                    mstore(ptr, shl(mul(8, sub(32, len)), v))
                    ptr := add(ptr, len)
                }
            }
            function store_address(_ptr, v) -> ptr {
                ptr := _ptr
                // 20 bytes long
                mstore8(ptr, 0x94) // 0x80 + 0x14
                ptr := add(ptr, 1)
                mstore(ptr, shl(96, v))
                ptr := add(ptr, 0x14)
            }
            // 1 byte for TransactionType
            // 4 byte for list payload length
            let start_ptr := add(mload(0x40), 5)
            let ptr := start_ptr
            ptr := store_uint_or_byte(ptr, _queueIndex, 1)
            ptr := store_uint_or_byte(ptr, _gasLimit, 1)
            ptr := store_address(ptr, _target)
            ptr := store_uint_or_byte(ptr, _value, 1)
            switch eq(_data.length, 1)
            case 1 {
                // single byte
                ptr := store_uint_or_byte(ptr, byte(0, calldataload(_data.offset)), 0)
            }
            default {
                switch lt(_data.length, 56)
                case 1 {
                    // a string is 0-55 bytes long
                    mstore8(ptr, add(0x80, _data.length))
                    ptr := add(ptr, 1)
                    calldatacopy(ptr, _data.offset, _data.length)
                    ptr := add(ptr, _data.length)
                }
                default {
                    // a string is more than 55 bytes long
                    let len_bytes := get_uint_bytes(_data.length)
                    mstore8(ptr, add(0xb7, len_bytes))
                    ptr := add(ptr, 1)
                    mstore(ptr, shl(mul(8, sub(32, len_bytes)), _data.length))
                    ptr := add(ptr, len_bytes)
                    calldatacopy(ptr, _data.offset, _data.length)
                    ptr := add(ptr, _data.length)
                }
            }
            ptr := store_address(ptr, _sender)
            let payload_len := sub(ptr, start_ptr)
            let value
            let value_bytes
            switch lt(payload_len, 56)
            case 1 {
                // the total payload of a list is 0-55 bytes long
                value := add(0xc0, payload_len)
                value_bytes := 1
            }
            default {
                // If the total payload of a list is more than 55 bytes long
                let len_bytes := get_uint_bytes(payload_len)
                value_bytes := add(len_bytes, 1)
                value := add(0xf7, len_bytes)
                value := shl(mul(len_bytes, 8), value)
                value := or(value, payload_len)
            }
            value := or(value, shl(mul(8, value_bytes), transactionType))
            value_bytes := add(value_bytes, 1)
            let value_bits := mul(8, value_bytes)
            value := or(shl(sub(256, value_bits), value), shr(value_bits, mload(start_ptr)))
            start_ptr := sub(start_ptr, value_bytes)
            mstore(start_ptr, value)
            hash := keccak256(start_ptr, sub(ptr, start_ptr))
        }
        return hash;
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IL1MessageQueue
    function isMessageSkipped(uint256 _queueIndex) external view returns (bool) {
        if (_queueIndex >= pendingQueueIndex) return false;
        return _isMessageSkipped(_queueIndex);
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IL1MessageQueue
    function isMessageDropped(uint256 _queueIndex) external view returns (bool) {
        // it should be a skipped message first.
        return _isMessageSkipped(_queueIndex) && droppedMessageBitmap.get(_queueIndex);
    }
    /*****************************
     * Public Mutating Functions *
     *****************************/
    /// @inheritdoc IL1MessageQueue
    function appendCrossDomainMessage(
        address _target,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external override onlyMessenger {
        // validate gas limit
        _validateGasLimit(_gasLimit, _data);
        // do address alias to avoid replay attack in L2.
        address _sender = AddressAliasHelper.applyL1ToL2Alias(_msgSender());
        _queueTransaction(_sender, _target, 0, _gasLimit, _data);
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IL1MessageQueue
    function appendEnforcedTransaction(
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external override {
        require(_msgSender() == enforcedTxGateway, "Only callable by the EnforcedTxGateway");
        // We will check it in EnforcedTxGateway, just in case.
        require(_sender.code.length == 0, "only EOA");
        // validate gas limit
        _validateGasLimit(_gasLimit, _data);
        _queueTransaction(_sender, _target, _value, _gasLimit, _data);
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IL1MessageQueue
    function popCrossDomainMessage(
        uint256 _startIndex,
        uint256 _count,
        uint256 _skippedBitmap
    ) external {
        require(_msgSender() == scrollChain, "Only callable by the ScrollChain");
        require(_count <= 256, "pop too many messages");
        require(pendingQueueIndex == _startIndex, "start index mismatch");
        unchecked {
            // clear extra bits in `_skippedBitmap`, and if _count = 256, it's designed to overflow.
            uint256 mask = (1 << _count) - 1;
            _skippedBitmap &= mask;
            uint256 bucket = _startIndex >> 8;
            uint256 offset = _startIndex & 0xff;
            skippedMessageBitmap[bucket] |= _skippedBitmap << offset;
            if (offset + _count > 256) {
                skippedMessageBitmap[bucket + 1] = _skippedBitmap >> (256 - offset);
            }
            pendingQueueIndex = _startIndex + _count;
        }
        emit DequeueTransaction(_startIndex, _count, _skippedBitmap);
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IL1MessageQueue
    function dropCrossDomainMessage(uint256 _index) external onlyMessenger {
        require(_index < pendingQueueIndex, "cannot drop pending message");
        require(_isMessageSkipped(_index), "drop non-skipped message");
        require(!droppedMessageBitmap.get(_index), "message already dropped");
        droppedMessageBitmap.set(_index);
        emit DropTransaction(_index);
    }
    /************************
     * Restricted Functions *
     ************************/
    /// @notice Update the address of gas oracle.
    /// @dev This function can only called by contract owner.
    /// @param _newGasOracle The address to update.
    function updateGasOracle(address _newGasOracle) external onlyOwner {
        address _oldGasOracle = gasOracle;
        gasOracle = _newGasOracle;
        emit UpdateGasOracle(_oldGasOracle, _newGasOracle);
    }
    /// @notice Update the address of EnforcedTxGateway.
    /// @dev This function can only called by contract owner.
    /// @param _newGateway The address to update.
    function updateEnforcedTxGateway(address _newGateway) external onlyOwner {
        address _oldGateway = enforcedTxGateway;
        enforcedTxGateway = _newGateway;
        emit UpdateEnforcedTxGateway(_oldGateway, _newGateway);
    }
    /// @notice Update the max gas limit.
    /// @dev This function can only called by contract owner.
    /// @param _newMaxGasLimit The new max gas limit.
    function updateMaxGasLimit(uint256 _newMaxGasLimit) external onlyOwner {
        uint256 _oldMaxGasLimit = maxGasLimit;
        maxGasLimit = _newMaxGasLimit;
        emit UpdateMaxGasLimit(_oldMaxGasLimit, _newMaxGasLimit);
    }
    /**********************
     * Internal Functions *
     **********************/
    /// @dev Internal function to queue a L1 transaction.
    /// @param _sender The address of sender who will initiate this transaction in L2.
    /// @param _target The address of target contract to call in L2.
    /// @param _value The value passed
    /// @param _gasLimit The maximum gas should be used for this transaction in L2.
    /// @param _data The calldata passed to target contract.
    function _queueTransaction(
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) internal {
        // compute transaction hash
        uint256 _queueIndex = messageQueue.length;
        bytes32 _hash = computeTransactionHash(_sender, _queueIndex, _value, _target, _gasLimit, _data);
        messageQueue.push(_hash);
        // emit event
        emit QueueTransaction(_sender, _target, _value, uint64(_queueIndex), _gasLimit, _data);
    }
    function _validateGasLimit(uint256 _gasLimit, bytes memory _calldata) internal view {
        require(_gasLimit <= maxGasLimit, "Gas limit must not exceed maxGasLimit");
        // check if the gas limit is above intrinsic gas
        uint256 intrinsicGas = calculateIntrinsicGasFee(_calldata);
        require(_gasLimit >= intrinsicGas, "Insufficient gas limit, must be above intrinsic gas");
    }
    /// @dev Returns whether the bit at `index` is set.
    function _isMessageSkipped(uint256 index) internal view returns (bool) {
        uint256 bucket = index >> 8;
        uint256 mask = 1 << (index & 0xff);
        return skippedMessageBitmap[bucket] & mask != 0;
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    address private _owner;
    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }
    function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }
    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }
    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/structs/BitMaps.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
/**
 * @dev Library for managing uint256 to bool mapping in a compact and efficient way, providing the keys are sequential.
 * Largely inspired by Uniswap's https://github.com/Uniswap/merkle-distributor/blob/master/contracts/MerkleDistributor.sol[merkle-distributor].
 */
library BitMapsUpgradeable {
    struct BitMap {
        mapping(uint256 => uint256) _data;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns whether the bit at `index` is set.
     */
    function get(BitMap storage bitmap, uint256 index) internal view returns (bool) {
        uint256 bucket = index >> 8;
        uint256 mask = 1 << (index & 0xff);
        return bitmap._data[bucket] & mask != 0;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Sets the bit at `index` to the boolean `value`.
     */
    function setTo(BitMap storage bitmap, uint256 index, bool value) internal {
        if (value) {
            set(bitmap, index);
        } else {
            unset(bitmap, index);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Sets the bit at `index`.
     */
    function set(BitMap storage bitmap, uint256 index) internal {
        uint256 bucket = index >> 8;
        uint256 mask = 1 << (index & 0xff);
        bitmap._data[bucket] |= mask;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Unsets the bit at `index`.
     */
    function unset(BitMap storage bitmap, uint256 index) internal {
        uint256 bucket = index >> 8;
        uint256 mask = 1 << (index & 0xff);
        bitmap._data[bucket] &= ~mask;
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.16;
interface IL2GasPriceOracle {
    /// @notice Estimate fee for cross chain message call.
    /// @param _gasLimit Gas limit required to complete the message relay on L2.
    function estimateCrossDomainMessageFee(uint256 _gasLimit) external view returns (uint256);
    /// @notice Estimate intrinsic gas fee for cross chain message call.
    /// @param _message The message to be relayed on L2.
    function calculateIntrinsicGasFee(bytes memory _message) external view returns (uint256);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.16;
interface IL1MessageQueue {
    /**********
     * Events *
     **********/
    /// @notice Emitted when a new L1 => L2 transaction is appended to the queue.
    /// @param sender The address of account who initiates the transaction.
    /// @param target The address of account who will receive the transaction.
    /// @param value The value passed with the transaction.
    /// @param queueIndex The index of this transaction in the queue.
    /// @param gasLimit Gas limit required to complete the message relay on L2.
    /// @param data The calldata of the transaction.
    event QueueTransaction(
        address indexed sender,
        address indexed target,
        uint256 value,
        uint64 queueIndex,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes data
    );
    /// @notice Emitted when some L1 => L2 transactions are included in L1.
    /// @param startIndex The start index of messages popped.
    /// @param count The number of messages popped.
    /// @param skippedBitmap A bitmap indicates whether a message is skipped.
    event DequeueTransaction(uint256 startIndex, uint256 count, uint256 skippedBitmap);
    /// @notice Emitted when a message is dropped from L1.
    /// @param index The index of message dropped.
    event DropTransaction(uint256 index);
    /*************************
     * Public View Functions *
     *************************/
    /// @notice The start index of all pending inclusion messages.
    function pendingQueueIndex() external view returns (uint256);
    /// @notice Return the index of next appended message.
    /// @dev Also the total number of appended messages.
    function nextCrossDomainMessageIndex() external view returns (uint256);
    /// @notice Return the message of in `queueIndex`.
    /// @param queueIndex The index to query.
    function getCrossDomainMessage(uint256 queueIndex) external view returns (bytes32);
    /// @notice Return the amount of ETH should pay for cross domain message.
    /// @param gasLimit Gas limit required to complete the message relay on L2.
    function estimateCrossDomainMessageFee(uint256 gasLimit) external view returns (uint256);
    /// @notice Return the amount of intrinsic gas fee should pay for cross domain message.
    /// @param _calldata The calldata of L1-initiated transaction.
    function calculateIntrinsicGasFee(bytes memory _calldata) external view returns (uint256);
    /// @notice Return the hash of a L1 message.
    /// @param sender The address of sender.
    /// @param queueIndex The queue index of this message.
    /// @param value The amount of Ether transfer to target.
    /// @param target The address of target.
    /// @param gasLimit The gas limit provided.
    /// @param data The calldata passed to target address.
    function computeTransactionHash(
        address sender,
        uint256 queueIndex,
        uint256 value,
        address target,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external view returns (bytes32);
    /// @notice Return whether the message is skipped.
    /// @param queueIndex The queue index of the message to check.
    function isMessageSkipped(uint256 queueIndex) external view returns (bool);
    /// @notice Return whether the message is dropped.
    /// @param queueIndex The queue index of the message to check.
    function isMessageDropped(uint256 queueIndex) external view returns (bool);
    /*****************************
     * Public Mutating Functions *
     *****************************/
    /// @notice Append a L1 to L2 message into this contract.
    /// @param target The address of target contract to call in L2.
    /// @param gasLimit The maximum gas should be used for relay this message in L2.
    /// @param data The calldata passed to target contract.
    function appendCrossDomainMessage(
        address target,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
    /// @notice Append an enforced transaction to this contract.
    /// @dev The address of sender should be an EOA.
    /// @param sender The address of sender who will initiate this transaction in L2.
    /// @param target The address of target contract to call in L2.
    /// @param value The value passed
    /// @param gasLimit The maximum gas should be used for this transaction in L2.
    /// @param data The calldata passed to target contract.
    function appendEnforcedTransaction(
        address sender,
        address target,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
    /// @notice Pop finalized messages from queue.
    ///
    /// @dev We can pop at most 256 messages each time. And if the message is not skipped,
    ///      the corresponding entry will be cleared.
    ///
    /// @param startIndex The start index to pop.
    /// @param count The number of messages to pop.
    /// @param skippedBitmap A bitmap indicates whether a message is skipped.
    function popCrossDomainMessage(
        uint256 startIndex,
        uint256 count,
        uint256 skippedBitmap
    ) external;
    /// @notice Drop a skipped message from the queue.
    function dropCrossDomainMessage(uint256 index) external;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.16;
library AddressAliasHelper {
    /// @dev The offset added to the address in L1.
    uint160 internal constant OFFSET = uint160(0x1111000000000000000000000000000000001111);
    /// @notice Utility function that converts the address in the L1 that submitted a tx to
    /// the inbox to the msg.sender viewed in the L2
    /// @param l1Address the address in the L1 that triggered the tx to L2
    /// @return l2Address L2 address as viewed in msg.sender
    function applyL1ToL2Alias(address l1Address) internal pure returns (address l2Address) {
        unchecked {
            l2Address = address(uint160(l1Address) + OFFSET);
        }
    }
    /// @notice Utility function that converts the msg.sender viewed in the L2 to the
    /// address in the L1 that submitted a tx to the inbox
    /// @param l2Address L2 address as viewed in msg.sender
    /// @return l1Address the address in the L1 that triggered the tx to L2
    function undoL1ToL2Alias(address l2Address) internal pure returns (address l1Address) {
        unchecked {
            l1Address = address(uint160(l2Address) - OFFSET);
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }
    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```solidity
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;
    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);
    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
     * constructor.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized != type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
        return _initialized;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _initializing;
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.
        return account.code.length > 0;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }
    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}