ETH Price: $3,193.08 (+3.00%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
21610103 at Jan-12-2025 06:08:23 PM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.000416877482338698 ETH $1.33
Gas Used:
103,611 Gas / 4.023486718 Gwei

Emitted Events:

21 TransparentUpgradeableProxy.0xade91347622244e95f2d575f1011c6c0d78757d5ed8b7b5ff9e5c35d4d834ab0( 0xade91347622244e95f2d575f1011c6c0d78757d5ed8b7b5ff9e5c35d4d834ab0, 0x000000000000000000000000a8468eb3655f284e1fd7f9ca648dd70c7eef7d21, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000086323e98bb421e479 )
22 TransparentUpgradeableProxy.0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef( 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef, 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0x000000000000000000000000a8468eb3655f284e1fd7f9ca648dd70c7eef7d21, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000086323e98bb421e479 )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
0x75cC0C0D...88011E36A
(Usual: Distribution)
(Fee Recipient: 0x954a...d19)
0.260026046794091912 Eth0.260126549464091912 Eth0.00010050267
0xa8468eB3...c7EEf7D21
0.17213191093851823 Eth
Nonce: 875
0.171715033456179532 Eth
Nonce: 876
0.000416877482338698
0xC4441c2B...1Ea0DE38E

Execution Trace

TransparentUpgradeableProxy.ed99f469( )
  • DistributionModule.claimOffChainDistribution( )
    • TransparentUpgradeableProxy.40c10f19( )
      • Usual.mint( to=0xa8468eB3655f284E1fD7F9cA648dD70c7EEf7D21, amount=154717762809847997561 )
        • TransparentUpgradeableProxy.91d14854( )
          • RegistryAccess.hasRole( role=A6DBB0226E507D109EA2BB82BDFC43CE18C08F4DA2D3E94AEB9116D2AF730602, account=0x75cC0C0DDD2Ccafe6EC415bE686267588011E36A ) => ( True )
            File 1 of 6: TransparentUpgradeableProxy
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {ERC1967Utils} from "../ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol";
            import {ERC1967Proxy} from "../ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol";
            import {IERC1967} from "../../interfaces/IERC1967.sol";
            import {ProxyAdmin} from "./ProxyAdmin.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Interface for {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}. In order to implement transparency, {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}
             * does not implement this interface directly, and its upgradeability mechanism is implemented by an internal dispatch
             * mechanism. The compiler is unaware that these functions are implemented by {TransparentUpgradeableProxy} and will not
             * include them in the ABI so this interface must be used to interact with it.
             */
            interface ITransparentUpgradeableProxy is IERC1967 {
                function upgradeToAndCall(address, bytes calldata) external payable;
            }
            /**
             * @dev This contract implements a proxy that is upgradeable through an associated {ProxyAdmin} instance.
             *
             * To avoid https://medium.com/nomic-labs-blog/malicious-backdoors-in-ethereum-proxies-62629adf3357[proxy selector
             * clashing], which can potentially be used in an attack, this contract uses the
             * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/the-transparent-proxy-pattern/[transparent proxy pattern]. This pattern implies two
             * things that go hand in hand:
             *
             * 1. If any account other than the admin calls the proxy, the call will be forwarded to the implementation, even if
             * that call matches the {ITransparentUpgradeableProxy-upgradeToAndCall} function exposed by the proxy itself.
             * 2. If the admin calls the proxy, it can call the `upgradeToAndCall` function but any other call won't be forwarded to
             * the implementation. If the admin tries to call a function on the implementation it will fail with an error indicating
             * the proxy admin cannot fallback to the target implementation.
             *
             * These properties mean that the admin account can only be used for upgrading the proxy, so it's best if it's a
             * dedicated account that is not used for anything else. This will avoid headaches due to sudden errors when trying to
             * call a function from the proxy implementation. For this reason, the proxy deploys an instance of {ProxyAdmin} and
             * allows upgrades only if they come through it. You should think of the `ProxyAdmin` instance as the administrative
             * interface of the proxy, including the ability to change who can trigger upgrades by transferring ownership.
             *
             * NOTE: The real interface of this proxy is that defined in `ITransparentUpgradeableProxy`. This contract does not
             * inherit from that interface, and instead `upgradeToAndCall` is implicitly implemented using a custom dispatch
             * mechanism in `_fallback`. Consequently, the compiler will not produce an ABI for this contract. This is necessary to
             * fully implement transparency without decoding reverts caused by selector clashes between the proxy and the
             * implementation.
             *
             * NOTE: This proxy does not inherit from {Context} deliberately. The {ProxyAdmin} of this contract won't send a
             * meta-transaction in any way, and any other meta-transaction setup should be made in the implementation contract.
             *
             * IMPORTANT: This contract avoids unnecessary storage reads by setting the admin only during construction as an
             * immutable variable, preventing any changes thereafter. However, the admin slot defined in ERC-1967 can still be
             * overwritten by the implementation logic pointed to by this proxy. In such cases, the contract may end up in an
             * undesirable state where the admin slot is different from the actual admin.
             *
             * WARNING: It is not recommended to extend this contract to add additional external functions. If you do so, the
             * compiler will not check that there are no selector conflicts, due to the note above. A selector clash between any new
             * function and the functions declared in {ITransparentUpgradeableProxy} will be resolved in favor of the new one. This
             * could render the `upgradeToAndCall` function inaccessible, preventing upgradeability and compromising transparency.
             */
            contract TransparentUpgradeableProxy is ERC1967Proxy {
                // An immutable address for the admin to avoid unnecessary SLOADs before each call
                // at the expense of removing the ability to change the admin once it's set.
                // This is acceptable if the admin is always a ProxyAdmin instance or similar contract
                // with its own ability to transfer the permissions to another account.
                address private immutable _admin;
                /**
                 * @dev The proxy caller is the current admin, and can't fallback to the proxy target.
                 */
                error ProxyDeniedAdminAccess();
                /**
                 * @dev Initializes an upgradeable proxy managed by an instance of a {ProxyAdmin} with an `initialOwner`,
                 * backed by the implementation at `_logic`, and optionally initialized with `_data` as explained in
                 * {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
                 */
                constructor(address _logic, address initialOwner, bytes memory _data) payable ERC1967Proxy(_logic, _data) {
                    _admin = address(new ProxyAdmin(initialOwner));
                    // Set the storage value and emit an event for ERC-1967 compatibility
                    ERC1967Utils.changeAdmin(_proxyAdmin());
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the admin of this proxy.
                 */
                function _proxyAdmin() internal virtual returns (address) {
                    return _admin;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev If caller is the admin process the call internally, otherwise transparently fallback to the proxy behavior.
                 */
                function _fallback() internal virtual override {
                    if (msg.sender == _proxyAdmin()) {
                        if (msg.sig != ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.upgradeToAndCall.selector) {
                            revert ProxyDeniedAdminAccess();
                        } else {
                            _dispatchUpgradeToAndCall();
                        }
                    } else {
                        super._fallback();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy. See {ERC1967Utils-upgradeToAndCall}.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - If `data` is empty, `msg.value` must be zero.
                 */
                function _dispatchUpgradeToAndCall() private {
                    (address newImplementation, bytes memory data) = abi.decode(msg.data[4:], (address, bytes));
                    ERC1967Utils.upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data);
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IBeacon} from "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
            import {Address} from "../../utils/Address.sol";
            import {StorageSlot} from "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";
            /**
             * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
             */
            library ERC1967Utils {
                // We re-declare ERC-1967 events here because they can't be used directly from IERC1967.
                // This will be fixed in Solidity 0.8.21. At that point we should remove these events.
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
                 */
                event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
                 */
                event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
                 */
                event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
                /**
                 * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
                 * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
                bytes32 internal constant IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
                /**
                 * @dev The `implementation` of the proxy is invalid.
                 */
                error ERC1967InvalidImplementation(address implementation);
                /**
                 * @dev The `admin` of the proxy is invalid.
                 */
                error ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address admin);
                /**
                 * @dev The `beacon` of the proxy is invalid.
                 */
                error ERC1967InvalidBeacon(address beacon);
                /**
                 * @dev An upgrade function sees `msg.value > 0` that may be lost.
                 */
                error ERC1967NonPayable();
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
                 */
                function getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
                    return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
                 */
                function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                    if (newImplementation.code.length == 0) {
                        revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(newImplementation);
                    }
                    StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Performs implementation upgrade with additional setup call if data is nonempty.
                 * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
                 * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
                 *
                 * Emits an {IERC1967-Upgraded} event.
                 */
                function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) internal {
                    _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                    emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
                    if (data.length > 0) {
                        Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                    } else {
                        _checkNonPayable();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
                 * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
                bytes32 internal constant ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current admin.
                 *
                 * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using
                 * the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                 * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
                 */
                function getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
                    return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
                 */
                function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
                    if (newAdmin == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address(0));
                    }
                    StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
                 *
                 * Emits an {IERC1967-AdminChanged} event.
                 */
                function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
                    emit AdminChanged(getAdmin(), newAdmin);
                    _setAdmin(newAdmin);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
                 * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.beacon" subtracted by 1.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
                bytes32 internal constant BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current beacon.
                 */
                function getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
                    return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
                 */
                function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
                    if (newBeacon.code.length == 0) {
                        revert ERC1967InvalidBeacon(newBeacon);
                    }
                    StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
                    address beaconImplementation = IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation();
                    if (beaconImplementation.code.length == 0) {
                        revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(beaconImplementation);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Change the beacon and trigger a setup call if data is nonempty.
                 * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
                 * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
                 *
                 * Emits an {IERC1967-BeaconUpgraded} event.
                 *
                 * CAUTION: Invoking this function has no effect on an instance of {BeaconProxy} since v5, since
                 * it uses an immutable beacon without looking at the value of the ERC-1967 beacon slot for
                 * efficiency.
                 */
                function upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data) internal {
                    _setBeacon(newBeacon);
                    emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
                    if (data.length > 0) {
                        Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
                    } else {
                        _checkNonPayable();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Reverts if `msg.value` is not zero. It can be used to avoid `msg.value` stuck in the contract
                 * if an upgrade doesn't perform an initialization call.
                 */
                function _checkNonPayable() private {
                    if (msg.value > 0) {
                        revert ERC1967NonPayable();
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {Proxy} from "../Proxy.sol";
            import {ERC1967Utils} from "./ERC1967Utils.sol";
            /**
             * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
             * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
             * implementation behind the proxy.
             */
            contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy {
                /**
                 * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `implementation`.
                 *
                 * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `implementation`. This will typically be an
                 * encoded function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - If `data` is empty, `msg.value` must be zero.
                 */
                constructor(address implementation, bytes memory _data) payable {
                    ERC1967Utils.upgradeToAndCall(implementation, _data);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
                 *
                 * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using
                 * the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                 * `0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc`
                 */
                function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address) {
                    return ERC1967Utils.getImplementation();
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
             */
            interface IERC1967 {
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
                 */
                event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
                 */
                event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
                 */
                event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/transparent/ProxyAdmin.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {ITransparentUpgradeableProxy} from "./TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol";
            import {Ownable} from "../../access/Ownable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev This is an auxiliary contract meant to be assigned as the admin of a {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}. For an
             * explanation of why you would want to use this see the documentation for {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}.
             */
            contract ProxyAdmin is Ownable {
                /**
                 * @dev The version of the upgrade interface of the contract. If this getter is missing, both `upgrade(address)`
                 * and `upgradeAndCall(address,bytes)` are present, and `upgradeTo` must be used if no function should be called,
                 * while `upgradeAndCall` will invoke the `receive` function if the second argument is the empty byte string.
                 * If the getter returns `"5.0.0"`, only `upgradeAndCall(address,bytes)` is present, and the second argument must
                 * be the empty byte string if no function should be called, making it impossible to invoke the `receive` function
                 * during an upgrade.
                 */
                string public constant UPGRADE_INTERFACE_VERSION = "5.0.0";
                /**
                 * @dev Sets the initial owner who can perform upgrades.
                 */
                constructor(address initialOwner) Ownable(initialOwner) {}
                /**
                 * @dev Upgrades `proxy` to `implementation` and calls a function on the new implementation.
                 * See {TransparentUpgradeableProxy-_dispatchUpgradeToAndCall}.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - This contract must be the admin of `proxy`.
                 * - If `data` is empty, `msg.value` must be zero.
                 */
                function upgradeAndCall(
                    ITransparentUpgradeableProxy proxy,
                    address implementation,
                    bytes memory data
                ) public payable virtual onlyOwner {
                    proxy.upgradeToAndCall{value: msg.value}(implementation, data);
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
             */
            interface IBeacon {
                /**
                 * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
                 *
                 * {UpgradeableBeacon} will check that this address is a contract.
                 */
                function implementation() external view returns (address);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Address.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
             */
            library Address {
                /**
                 * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
                 */
                error AddressInsufficientBalance(address account);
                /**
                 * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
                 */
                error AddressEmptyCode(address target);
                /**
                 * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
                 */
                error FailedInnerCall();
                /**
                 * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                 * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                 *
                 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                 * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                 * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                 * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                 *
                 * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                 * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                 * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                 * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                 */
                function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                    if (address(this).balance < amount) {
                        revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
                    }
                    (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                    if (!success) {
                        revert FailedInnerCall();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                 * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                 * function instead.
                 *
                 * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
                 * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
                 * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
                 * {FailedInnerCall} error.
                 *
                 * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                 * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `target` must be a contract.
                 * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                 */
                function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                 * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                 */
                function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (address(this).balance < value) {
                        revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
                    }
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but performing a static call.
                 */
                function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but performing a delegate call.
                 */
                function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
                 * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {FailedInnerCall}) in case of an
                 * unsuccessful call.
                 */
                function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                    address target,
                    bool success,
                    bytes memory returndata
                ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (!success) {
                        _revert(returndata);
                    } else {
                        // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                        // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                        if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                            revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
                        }
                        return returndata;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
                 * revert reason or with a default {FailedInnerCall} error.
                 */
                function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (!success) {
                        _revert(returndata);
                    } else {
                        return returndata;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {FailedInnerCall}.
                 */
                function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
                    // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                    if (returndata.length > 0) {
                        // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                        assembly {
                            let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                            revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                        }
                    } else {
                        revert FailedInnerCall();
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
            // This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
             *
             * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
             * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
             *
             * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
             *
             * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
             * ```solidity
             * contract ERC1967 {
             *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
             *
             *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
             *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
             *     }
             *
             *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
             *         require(newImplementation.code.length > 0);
             *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
             *     }
             * }
             * ```
             */
            library StorageSlot {
                struct AddressSlot {
                    address value;
                }
                struct BooleanSlot {
                    bool value;
                }
                struct Bytes32Slot {
                    bytes32 value;
                }
                struct Uint256Slot {
                    uint256 value;
                }
                struct StringSlot {
                    string value;
                }
                struct BytesSlot {
                    bytes value;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
                 */
                function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := store.slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
                 */
                function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := store.slot
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
             * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
             * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
             *
             * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
             * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
             *
             * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
             */
            abstract contract Proxy {
                /**
                 * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
                 *
                 * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                 */
                function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
                    assembly {
                        // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                        // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                        // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                        calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                        // Call the implementation.
                        // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                        let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                        // Copy the returned data.
                        returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                        switch result
                        // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                        case 0 {
                            revert(0, returndatasize())
                        }
                        default {
                            return(0, returndatasize())
                        }
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback
                 * function and {_fallback} should delegate.
                 */
                function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
                /**
                 * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
                 *
                 * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                 */
                function _fallback() internal virtual {
                    _delegate(_implementation());
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
                 * function in the contract matches the call data.
                 */
                fallback() external payable virtual {
                    _fallback();
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {Context} from "../utils/Context.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
             * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
             * specific functions.
             *
             * The initial owner is set to the address provided by the deployer. This can
             * later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
             *
             * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
             * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
             * the owner.
             */
            abstract contract Ownable is Context {
                address private _owner;
                /**
                 * @dev The caller account is not authorized to perform an operation.
                 */
                error OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address account);
                /**
                 * @dev The owner is not a valid owner account. (eg. `address(0)`)
                 */
                error OwnableInvalidOwner(address owner);
                event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
                /**
                 * @dev Initializes the contract setting the address provided by the deployer as the initial owner.
                 */
                constructor(address initialOwner) {
                    if (initialOwner == address(0)) {
                        revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
                    }
                    _transferOwnership(initialOwner);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
                 */
                modifier onlyOwner() {
                    _checkOwner();
                    _;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
                 */
                function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
                    return _owner;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
                 */
                function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
                    if (owner() != _msgSender()) {
                        revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
                 * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
                 *
                 * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
                 * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
                 */
                function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
                    _transferOwnership(address(0));
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
                 * Can only be called by the current owner.
                 */
                function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
                    if (newOwner == address(0)) {
                        revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
                    }
                    _transferOwnership(newOwner);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
                 * Internal function without access restriction.
                 */
                function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
                    address oldOwner = _owner;
                    _owner = newOwner;
                    emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
             * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
             * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
             * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
             * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
             * is concerned).
             *
             * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
             */
            abstract contract Context {
                function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
                    return msg.sender;
                }
                function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
                    return msg.data;
                }
                function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    return 0;
                }
            }
            

            File 2 of 6: TransparentUpgradeableProxy
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {ERC1967Utils} from "../ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol";
            import {ERC1967Proxy} from "../ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol";
            import {IERC1967} from "../../interfaces/IERC1967.sol";
            import {ProxyAdmin} from "./ProxyAdmin.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Interface for {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}. In order to implement transparency, {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}
             * does not implement this interface directly, and its upgradeability mechanism is implemented by an internal dispatch
             * mechanism. The compiler is unaware that these functions are implemented by {TransparentUpgradeableProxy} and will not
             * include them in the ABI so this interface must be used to interact with it.
             */
            interface ITransparentUpgradeableProxy is IERC1967 {
                function upgradeToAndCall(address, bytes calldata) external payable;
            }
            /**
             * @dev This contract implements a proxy that is upgradeable through an associated {ProxyAdmin} instance.
             *
             * To avoid https://medium.com/nomic-labs-blog/malicious-backdoors-in-ethereum-proxies-62629adf3357[proxy selector
             * clashing], which can potentially be used in an attack, this contract uses the
             * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/the-transparent-proxy-pattern/[transparent proxy pattern]. This pattern implies two
             * things that go hand in hand:
             *
             * 1. If any account other than the admin calls the proxy, the call will be forwarded to the implementation, even if
             * that call matches the {ITransparentUpgradeableProxy-upgradeToAndCall} function exposed by the proxy itself.
             * 2. If the admin calls the proxy, it can call the `upgradeToAndCall` function but any other call won't be forwarded to
             * the implementation. If the admin tries to call a function on the implementation it will fail with an error indicating
             * the proxy admin cannot fallback to the target implementation.
             *
             * These properties mean that the admin account can only be used for upgrading the proxy, so it's best if it's a
             * dedicated account that is not used for anything else. This will avoid headaches due to sudden errors when trying to
             * call a function from the proxy implementation. For this reason, the proxy deploys an instance of {ProxyAdmin} and
             * allows upgrades only if they come through it. You should think of the `ProxyAdmin` instance as the administrative
             * interface of the proxy, including the ability to change who can trigger upgrades by transferring ownership.
             *
             * NOTE: The real interface of this proxy is that defined in `ITransparentUpgradeableProxy`. This contract does not
             * inherit from that interface, and instead `upgradeToAndCall` is implicitly implemented using a custom dispatch
             * mechanism in `_fallback`. Consequently, the compiler will not produce an ABI for this contract. This is necessary to
             * fully implement transparency without decoding reverts caused by selector clashes between the proxy and the
             * implementation.
             *
             * NOTE: This proxy does not inherit from {Context} deliberately. The {ProxyAdmin} of this contract won't send a
             * meta-transaction in any way, and any other meta-transaction setup should be made in the implementation contract.
             *
             * IMPORTANT: This contract avoids unnecessary storage reads by setting the admin only during construction as an
             * immutable variable, preventing any changes thereafter. However, the admin slot defined in ERC-1967 can still be
             * overwritten by the implementation logic pointed to by this proxy. In such cases, the contract may end up in an
             * undesirable state where the admin slot is different from the actual admin.
             *
             * WARNING: It is not recommended to extend this contract to add additional external functions. If you do so, the
             * compiler will not check that there are no selector conflicts, due to the note above. A selector clash between any new
             * function and the functions declared in {ITransparentUpgradeableProxy} will be resolved in favor of the new one. This
             * could render the `upgradeToAndCall` function inaccessible, preventing upgradeability and compromising transparency.
             */
            contract TransparentUpgradeableProxy is ERC1967Proxy {
                // An immutable address for the admin to avoid unnecessary SLOADs before each call
                // at the expense of removing the ability to change the admin once it's set.
                // This is acceptable if the admin is always a ProxyAdmin instance or similar contract
                // with its own ability to transfer the permissions to another account.
                address private immutable _admin;
                /**
                 * @dev The proxy caller is the current admin, and can't fallback to the proxy target.
                 */
                error ProxyDeniedAdminAccess();
                /**
                 * @dev Initializes an upgradeable proxy managed by an instance of a {ProxyAdmin} with an `initialOwner`,
                 * backed by the implementation at `_logic`, and optionally initialized with `_data` as explained in
                 * {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
                 */
                constructor(address _logic, address initialOwner, bytes memory _data) payable ERC1967Proxy(_logic, _data) {
                    _admin = address(new ProxyAdmin(initialOwner));
                    // Set the storage value and emit an event for ERC-1967 compatibility
                    ERC1967Utils.changeAdmin(_proxyAdmin());
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the admin of this proxy.
                 */
                function _proxyAdmin() internal virtual returns (address) {
                    return _admin;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev If caller is the admin process the call internally, otherwise transparently fallback to the proxy behavior.
                 */
                function _fallback() internal virtual override {
                    if (msg.sender == _proxyAdmin()) {
                        if (msg.sig != ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.upgradeToAndCall.selector) {
                            revert ProxyDeniedAdminAccess();
                        } else {
                            _dispatchUpgradeToAndCall();
                        }
                    } else {
                        super._fallback();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy. See {ERC1967Utils-upgradeToAndCall}.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - If `data` is empty, `msg.value` must be zero.
                 */
                function _dispatchUpgradeToAndCall() private {
                    (address newImplementation, bytes memory data) = abi.decode(msg.data[4:], (address, bytes));
                    ERC1967Utils.upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data);
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IBeacon} from "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
            import {Address} from "../../utils/Address.sol";
            import {StorageSlot} from "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";
            /**
             * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
             */
            library ERC1967Utils {
                // We re-declare ERC-1967 events here because they can't be used directly from IERC1967.
                // This will be fixed in Solidity 0.8.21. At that point we should remove these events.
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
                 */
                event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
                 */
                event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
                 */
                event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
                /**
                 * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
                 * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
                bytes32 internal constant IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
                /**
                 * @dev The `implementation` of the proxy is invalid.
                 */
                error ERC1967InvalidImplementation(address implementation);
                /**
                 * @dev The `admin` of the proxy is invalid.
                 */
                error ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address admin);
                /**
                 * @dev The `beacon` of the proxy is invalid.
                 */
                error ERC1967InvalidBeacon(address beacon);
                /**
                 * @dev An upgrade function sees `msg.value > 0` that may be lost.
                 */
                error ERC1967NonPayable();
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
                 */
                function getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
                    return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
                 */
                function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                    if (newImplementation.code.length == 0) {
                        revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(newImplementation);
                    }
                    StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Performs implementation upgrade with additional setup call if data is nonempty.
                 * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
                 * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
                 *
                 * Emits an {IERC1967-Upgraded} event.
                 */
                function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) internal {
                    _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                    emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
                    if (data.length > 0) {
                        Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                    } else {
                        _checkNonPayable();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
                 * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
                bytes32 internal constant ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current admin.
                 *
                 * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using
                 * the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                 * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
                 */
                function getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
                    return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
                 */
                function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
                    if (newAdmin == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address(0));
                    }
                    StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
                 *
                 * Emits an {IERC1967-AdminChanged} event.
                 */
                function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
                    emit AdminChanged(getAdmin(), newAdmin);
                    _setAdmin(newAdmin);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
                 * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.beacon" subtracted by 1.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
                bytes32 internal constant BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current beacon.
                 */
                function getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
                    return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
                 */
                function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
                    if (newBeacon.code.length == 0) {
                        revert ERC1967InvalidBeacon(newBeacon);
                    }
                    StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
                    address beaconImplementation = IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation();
                    if (beaconImplementation.code.length == 0) {
                        revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(beaconImplementation);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Change the beacon and trigger a setup call if data is nonempty.
                 * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
                 * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
                 *
                 * Emits an {IERC1967-BeaconUpgraded} event.
                 *
                 * CAUTION: Invoking this function has no effect on an instance of {BeaconProxy} since v5, since
                 * it uses an immutable beacon without looking at the value of the ERC-1967 beacon slot for
                 * efficiency.
                 */
                function upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data) internal {
                    _setBeacon(newBeacon);
                    emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
                    if (data.length > 0) {
                        Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
                    } else {
                        _checkNonPayable();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Reverts if `msg.value` is not zero. It can be used to avoid `msg.value` stuck in the contract
                 * if an upgrade doesn't perform an initialization call.
                 */
                function _checkNonPayable() private {
                    if (msg.value > 0) {
                        revert ERC1967NonPayable();
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {Proxy} from "../Proxy.sol";
            import {ERC1967Utils} from "./ERC1967Utils.sol";
            /**
             * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
             * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
             * implementation behind the proxy.
             */
            contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy {
                /**
                 * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `implementation`.
                 *
                 * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `implementation`. This will typically be an
                 * encoded function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - If `data` is empty, `msg.value` must be zero.
                 */
                constructor(address implementation, bytes memory _data) payable {
                    ERC1967Utils.upgradeToAndCall(implementation, _data);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
                 *
                 * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using
                 * the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                 * `0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc`
                 */
                function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address) {
                    return ERC1967Utils.getImplementation();
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
             */
            interface IERC1967 {
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
                 */
                event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
                 */
                event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
                 */
                event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/transparent/ProxyAdmin.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {ITransparentUpgradeableProxy} from "./TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol";
            import {Ownable} from "../../access/Ownable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev This is an auxiliary contract meant to be assigned as the admin of a {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}. For an
             * explanation of why you would want to use this see the documentation for {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}.
             */
            contract ProxyAdmin is Ownable {
                /**
                 * @dev The version of the upgrade interface of the contract. If this getter is missing, both `upgrade(address)`
                 * and `upgradeAndCall(address,bytes)` are present, and `upgradeTo` must be used if no function should be called,
                 * while `upgradeAndCall` will invoke the `receive` function if the second argument is the empty byte string.
                 * If the getter returns `"5.0.0"`, only `upgradeAndCall(address,bytes)` is present, and the second argument must
                 * be the empty byte string if no function should be called, making it impossible to invoke the `receive` function
                 * during an upgrade.
                 */
                string public constant UPGRADE_INTERFACE_VERSION = "5.0.0";
                /**
                 * @dev Sets the initial owner who can perform upgrades.
                 */
                constructor(address initialOwner) Ownable(initialOwner) {}
                /**
                 * @dev Upgrades `proxy` to `implementation` and calls a function on the new implementation.
                 * See {TransparentUpgradeableProxy-_dispatchUpgradeToAndCall}.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - This contract must be the admin of `proxy`.
                 * - If `data` is empty, `msg.value` must be zero.
                 */
                function upgradeAndCall(
                    ITransparentUpgradeableProxy proxy,
                    address implementation,
                    bytes memory data
                ) public payable virtual onlyOwner {
                    proxy.upgradeToAndCall{value: msg.value}(implementation, data);
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
             */
            interface IBeacon {
                /**
                 * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
                 *
                 * {UpgradeableBeacon} will check that this address is a contract.
                 */
                function implementation() external view returns (address);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Address.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
             */
            library Address {
                /**
                 * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
                 */
                error AddressInsufficientBalance(address account);
                /**
                 * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
                 */
                error AddressEmptyCode(address target);
                /**
                 * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
                 */
                error FailedInnerCall();
                /**
                 * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                 * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                 *
                 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                 * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                 * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                 * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                 *
                 * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                 * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                 * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                 * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                 */
                function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                    if (address(this).balance < amount) {
                        revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
                    }
                    (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                    if (!success) {
                        revert FailedInnerCall();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                 * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                 * function instead.
                 *
                 * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
                 * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
                 * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
                 * {FailedInnerCall} error.
                 *
                 * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                 * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `target` must be a contract.
                 * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                 */
                function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                 * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                 */
                function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (address(this).balance < value) {
                        revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
                    }
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but performing a static call.
                 */
                function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but performing a delegate call.
                 */
                function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
                 * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {FailedInnerCall}) in case of an
                 * unsuccessful call.
                 */
                function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                    address target,
                    bool success,
                    bytes memory returndata
                ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (!success) {
                        _revert(returndata);
                    } else {
                        // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                        // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                        if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                            revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
                        }
                        return returndata;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
                 * revert reason or with a default {FailedInnerCall} error.
                 */
                function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (!success) {
                        _revert(returndata);
                    } else {
                        return returndata;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {FailedInnerCall}.
                 */
                function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
                    // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                    if (returndata.length > 0) {
                        // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                        assembly {
                            let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                            revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                        }
                    } else {
                        revert FailedInnerCall();
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
            // This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
             *
             * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
             * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
             *
             * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
             *
             * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
             * ```solidity
             * contract ERC1967 {
             *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
             *
             *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
             *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
             *     }
             *
             *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
             *         require(newImplementation.code.length > 0);
             *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
             *     }
             * }
             * ```
             */
            library StorageSlot {
                struct AddressSlot {
                    address value;
                }
                struct BooleanSlot {
                    bool value;
                }
                struct Bytes32Slot {
                    bytes32 value;
                }
                struct Uint256Slot {
                    uint256 value;
                }
                struct StringSlot {
                    string value;
                }
                struct BytesSlot {
                    bytes value;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
                 */
                function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := store.slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
                 */
                function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := store.slot
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
             * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
             * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
             *
             * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
             * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
             *
             * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
             */
            abstract contract Proxy {
                /**
                 * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
                 *
                 * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                 */
                function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
                    assembly {
                        // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                        // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                        // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                        calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                        // Call the implementation.
                        // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                        let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                        // Copy the returned data.
                        returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                        switch result
                        // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                        case 0 {
                            revert(0, returndatasize())
                        }
                        default {
                            return(0, returndatasize())
                        }
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback
                 * function and {_fallback} should delegate.
                 */
                function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
                /**
                 * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
                 *
                 * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                 */
                function _fallback() internal virtual {
                    _delegate(_implementation());
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
                 * function in the contract matches the call data.
                 */
                fallback() external payable virtual {
                    _fallback();
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {Context} from "../utils/Context.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
             * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
             * specific functions.
             *
             * The initial owner is set to the address provided by the deployer. This can
             * later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
             *
             * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
             * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
             * the owner.
             */
            abstract contract Ownable is Context {
                address private _owner;
                /**
                 * @dev The caller account is not authorized to perform an operation.
                 */
                error OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address account);
                /**
                 * @dev The owner is not a valid owner account. (eg. `address(0)`)
                 */
                error OwnableInvalidOwner(address owner);
                event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
                /**
                 * @dev Initializes the contract setting the address provided by the deployer as the initial owner.
                 */
                constructor(address initialOwner) {
                    if (initialOwner == address(0)) {
                        revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
                    }
                    _transferOwnership(initialOwner);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
                 */
                modifier onlyOwner() {
                    _checkOwner();
                    _;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
                 */
                function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
                    return _owner;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
                 */
                function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
                    if (owner() != _msgSender()) {
                        revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
                 * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
                 *
                 * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
                 * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
                 */
                function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
                    _transferOwnership(address(0));
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
                 * Can only be called by the current owner.
                 */
                function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
                    if (newOwner == address(0)) {
                        revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
                    }
                    _transferOwnership(newOwner);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
                 * Internal function without access restriction.
                 */
                function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
                    address oldOwner = _owner;
                    _owner = newOwner;
                    emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
             * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
             * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
             * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
             * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
             * is concerned).
             *
             * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
             */
            abstract contract Context {
                function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
                    return msg.sender;
                }
                function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
                    return msg.data;
                }
                function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    return 0;
                }
            }
            

            File 3 of 6: DistributionModule
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            import {SafeERC20} from "openzeppelin-contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
            import {IERC20Metadata} from "openzeppelin-contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
            import {Math} from "openzeppelin-contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
            import {ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable} from
                "openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/utils/ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol";
            import {PausableUpgradeable} from "openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/utils/PausableUpgradeable.sol";
            import {Initializable} from "openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            import {IUsualSP} from "src/interfaces/token/IUsualSP.sol";
            import {IUsualX} from "src/interfaces/vaults/IUsualX.sol";
            import {IUsual} from "src/interfaces/token/IUsual.sol";
            import {IDaoCollateral} from "src/interfaces/IDaoCollateral.sol";
            import {IDistributionModule} from "src/interfaces/distribution/IDistributionModule.sol";
            import {IDistributionAllocator} from "src/interfaces/distribution/IDistributionAllocator.sol";
            import {IDistributionOperator} from "src/interfaces/distribution/IDistributionOperator.sol";
            import {IOffChainDistributionChallenger} from
                "src/interfaces/distribution/IOffChainDistributionChallenger.sol";
            import {IRegistryAccess} from "src/interfaces/registry/IRegistryAccess.sol";
            import {IRegistryContract} from "src/interfaces/registry/IRegistryContract.sol";
            import {CheckAccessControl} from "src/utils/CheckAccessControl.sol";
            import {Normalize} from "src/utils/normalize.sol";
            import {MerkleProof} from "openzeppelin-contracts/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol";
            import {
                DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE,
                DISTRIBUTION_ALLOCATOR_ROLE,
                DISTRIBUTION_OPERATOR_ROLE,
                DISTRIBUTION_CHALLENGER_ROLE,
                PAUSING_CONTRACTS_ROLE,
                SCALAR_ONE,
                BPS_SCALAR,
                USUAL_DISTRIBUTION_CHALLENGE_PERIOD,
                BASIS_POINT_BASE,
                DISTRIBUTION_FREQUENCY_SCALAR,
                STARTDATE_USUAL_CLAIMING_DISTRIBUTION_MODULE
            } from "src/constants.sol";
            import {
                AmountIsZero,
                NullMerkleRoot,
                InvalidProof,
                InvalidInput,
                NullAddress,
                SameValue,
                PercentagesSumNotEqualTo100Percent,
                CannotDistributeUsualMoreThanOnceADay,
                NoOffChainDistributionToApprove,
                NoTokensToClaim,
                NotClaimableYet
            } from "src/errors.sol";
            /// @title DistributionModule
            /// @notice This contract provides calculations for treasury yield analysis & distribution
            /// @dev Implements upgradeable pattern and uses fixed point arithmetic for calculations
            /// @author  Usual Tech team
            contract DistributionModule is
                IDistributionModule,
                IDistributionAllocator,
                IDistributionOperator,
                IOffChainDistributionChallenger,
                Initializable,
                ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable,
                PausableUpgradeable
            {
                using SafeERC20 for IUsual;
                using SafeERC20 for IERC20Metadata;
                using CheckAccessControl for IRegistryAccess;
                using Normalize for uint256;
                /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                            Events
                //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
                /// @notice Emitted when a parameter used in the distribution calculations is updated
                /// @param parameterName Name of the parameter
                /// @param newValue New value of the parameter
                event ParameterUpdated(string parameterName, uint256 newValue);
                /// @notice Emitted when tokens are allocated to the off-chain distribution bucket
                /// @param amount Amount of tokens allocated
                event UsualAllocatedForOffChainClaim(uint256 amount);
                /// @notice Emitted when tokens are allocated to the UsualX bucket
                /// @param amount Amount of tokens allocated
                event UsualAllocatedForUsualX(uint256 amount);
                /// @notice Emitted when tokens are allocated to the UsualStar bucket
                /// @param amount Amount of tokens allocated
                event UsualAllocatedForUsualStar(uint256 amount);
                /// @notice Emitted when an off-chain distribution is queued by the distribution operator
                /// @param timestamp Timestamp of the distribution
                /// @param merkleRoot Merkle Root of the off-chain distribution
                event OffChainDistributionQueued(uint256 indexed timestamp, bytes32 merkleRoot);
                /// @notice Emitted when an unchallenged off-chain distribution older than the distribution challenge period is approved
                /// @param timestamp Timestamp of the distribution
                /// @param merkleRoot Merkle Root of the off-chain distribution approved
                event OffChainDistributionApproved(uint256 indexed timestamp, bytes32 merkleRoot);
                /// @notice Emitted when an off-chain distribution is claimed by an account
                /// @param account Account that claimed the tokens
                /// @param amount Amount of tokens claimed
                event OffChainDistributionClaimed(address indexed account, uint256 amount);
                /// @notice Emitted when the off-chain distribution queue is reset
                event OffChainDistributionQueueReset();
                /// @notice Emitted when an off-chain distribution is challenged
                /// @param timestamp Timestamp of the challenged distribution
                event OffChainDistributionChallenged(uint256 indexed timestamp);
                /// @notice Emitted when the daily distribution rates are provided
                /// @param ratet Rate at time t
                /// @param p90Rate 90th percentile rate
                event DailyDistributionRates(uint256 ratet, uint256 p90Rate);
                struct DistributionModuleStorageV0 {
                    /// @notice Registry access contract
                    IRegistryAccess registryAccess;
                    /// @notice Registry contract
                    IRegistryContract registryContract;
                    /// @notice usd0PP contract
                    IERC20Metadata usd0PP;
                    /// @notice Usual token contract
                    IUsual usual;
                    /// @notice UsualX contract
                    IUsualX usualX;
                    /// @notice UsualSP contract
                    IUsualSP usualSP;
                    /// @notice DAO Collateral contract
                    IDaoCollateral daoCollateral;
                    /// @notice LBT bucket distribution percentage
                    uint256 lbtDistributionShare;
                    /// @notice LYT bucket distribution percentage
                    uint256 lytDistributionShare;
                    /// @notice IYT bucket distribution percentage
                    uint256 iytDistributionShare;
                    /// @notice Bribe bucket distribution percentage
                    uint256 bribeDistributionShare;
                    /// @notice Ecosystem bucket distribution percentage
                    uint256 ecoDistributionShare;
                    /// @notice DAO bucket distribution percentage
                    uint256 daoDistributionShare;
                    /// @notice Market makers bucket distribution percentage
                    uint256 marketMakersDistributionShare;
                    /// @notice UsualX bucket distribution percentage
                    uint256 usualXDistributionShare;
                    /// @notice UsualStar bucket distribution percentage
                    uint256 usualStarDistributionShare;
                    /// @notice D parameter
                    uint256 d;
                    /// @notice M0 parameter
                    uint256 m0;
                    /// @notice p0 parameter: initial price
                    uint256 p0;
                    /// @notice rate0 parameter: initial rate
                    uint256 rate0;
                    /// @notice RateMin parameter
                    uint256 rateMin;
                    /// @notice baseGamma parameter
                    uint256 baseGamma;
                    /// @notice usd0PP total supply at the time of deployment
                    uint256 initialSupplyPp0;
                    /// @notice Timestamp of the last on-chain distribution
                    uint256 lastOnChainDistributionTimestamp;
                    /// @notice Amount of tokens that can be minted for the off-chain distribution
                    uint256 offChainDistributionMintCap;
                    /// @notice Queue of off-chain distributions
                    QueuedOffChainDistribution[] offChainDistributionQueue;
                    /// @notice Timestamp of the latest off-chain distribution update that is claimable
                    uint256 offChainDistributionTimestamp;
                    /// @notice Merkle root of the latest off-chain distribution update that is claimable and after challenge period
                    /// @dev Merkle tree should always include the total amount of tokens that account can claim and could claim in the past.
                    bytes32 offChainDistributionMerkleRoot;
                    /// @notice Mapping of the claimed tokens for each account. Used to prevent double claiming after a new distribution is approved.
                    mapping(address offChainClaimer => uint256 amount) claimedByOffChainClaimer;
                }
                // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("DistributionModule.storage.v0")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
                // solhint-disable-next-line
                bytes32 public constant DistributionModuleStorageV0Location =
                    0xfe38e877893749f31d716df8c21b1fcb408307d7596d0d90c0ec8782cacd9b00;
                // solhint-disable
                /// @dev Returns the storage struct of the contract
                function _distributionModuleStorageV0()
                    internal
                    pure
                    returns (DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $)
                {
                    bytes32 position = DistributionModuleStorageV0Location;
                    assembly {
                        $.slot := position
                    }
                }
                // solhint-enable
                /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                         Constructor
                //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
                /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
                constructor() {
                    _disableInitializers();
                }
                /// @notice Checks if the caller has DISTRIBUTION_ALLOCATOR_ROLE role
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                function _requireOnlyDistributionAllocator(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $)
                    internal
                    view
                {
                    $.registryAccess.onlyMatchingRole(DISTRIBUTION_ALLOCATOR_ROLE);
                }
                /// @notice Ensures that the caller is the pausing contracts role (PAUSING_CONTRACTS_ROLE).
                function _requireOnlyPausingContractsRole() internal view {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    $.registryAccess.onlyMatchingRole(PAUSING_CONTRACTS_ROLE);
                }
                /// @notice Ensures that the caller is the operator role (DISTRIBUTION_OPERATOR_ROLE).
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                function _requireOnlyOperator(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $) internal view {
                    $.registryAccess.onlyMatchingRole(DISTRIBUTION_OPERATOR_ROLE);
                }
                /// @notice Ensures that the caller is the challenger role (DISTRIBUTION_CHALLENGER_ROLE).
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                function _requireOnlyChallenger(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $) internal view {
                    $.registryAccess.onlyMatchingRole(DISTRIBUTION_CHALLENGER_ROLE);
                }
                /// @notice Pauses the contract
                /// @dev Can only be called by the PAUSING_CONTRACTS_ROLE
                function pause() external {
                    _requireOnlyPausingContractsRole();
                    _pause();
                }
                /// @notice Unpauses the contract
                /// @dev Can only be called by the DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE
                function unpause() external {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    $.registryAccess.onlyMatchingRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE);
                    _unpause();
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionModule
                function getBucketsDistribution()
                    external
                    view
                    returns (
                        uint256 lbt,
                        uint256 lyt,
                        uint256 iyt,
                        uint256 bribe,
                        uint256 eco,
                        uint256 dao,
                        uint256 marketMakers,
                        uint256 usualX,
                        uint256 usualStar
                    )
                {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    lbt = $.lbtDistributionShare;
                    lyt = $.lytDistributionShare;
                    iyt = $.iytDistributionShare;
                    bribe = $.bribeDistributionShare;
                    eco = $.ecoDistributionShare;
                    dao = $.daoDistributionShare;
                    marketMakers = $.marketMakersDistributionShare;
                    usualX = $.usualXDistributionShare;
                    usualStar = $.usualStarDistributionShare;
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionModule
                function calculateSt(uint256 supplyPpt, uint256 pt) external view returns (uint256) {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return _calculateSt($, supplyPpt, pt);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionModule
                function calculateRt(uint256 ratet, uint256 p90Rate) external view returns (uint256) {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return _calculateRt($, ratet, p90Rate);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionModule
                function calculateKappa(uint256 ratet) external view returns (uint256) {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return _calculateKappa($, ratet);
                }
                function calculateGamma() external view returns (uint256) {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return _calculateGamma($);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionModule
                function calculateMt(uint256 st, uint256 rt, uint256 kappa) external view returns (uint256) {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return _calculateMt($, st, rt, kappa);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionModule
                function calculateUsualDist(uint256 ratet, uint256 p90Rate)
                    public
                    view
                    returns (uint256 st, uint256 rt, uint256 kappa, uint256 mt, uint256 usualDist)
                {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return _calculateUsualDistribution($, ratet, p90Rate);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionModule
                //solhint-disable-next-line
                function claimOffChainDistribution(address account, uint256 amount, bytes32[] calldata proof)
                    external
                    nonReentrant
                    whenNotPaused
                {
                    if (account == address(0)) {
                        revert NullAddress();
                    }
                    if (amount == 0) {
                        revert AmountIsZero();
                    }
                    if (block.timestamp < STARTDATE_USUAL_CLAIMING_DISTRIBUTION_MODULE) {
                        revert NotClaimableYet();
                    }
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    if ($.offChainDistributionTimestamp == 0) {
                        revert NoTokensToClaim();
                    }
                    if (!_verifyOffChainDistributionMerkleProof($, account, amount, proof)) {
                        revert InvalidProof();
                    }
                    uint256 claimedUpToNow = $.claimedByOffChainClaimer[account];
                    if (claimedUpToNow >= amount) {
                        revert NoTokensToClaim();
                    }
                    uint256 amountToSend = amount - claimedUpToNow;
                    if (amountToSend > $.offChainDistributionMintCap) {
                        revert NoTokensToClaim();
                    }
                    $.offChainDistributionMintCap -= amountToSend;
                    $.claimedByOffChainClaimer[account] = amount;
                    emit OffChainDistributionClaimed(account, amountToSend);
                    $.usual.mint(account, amountToSend);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionModule
                function approveUnchallengedOffChainDistribution() external whenNotPaused {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    uint256 queueLength = $.offChainDistributionQueue.length;
                    if (queueLength == 0) {
                        revert NoOffChainDistributionToApprove();
                    }
                    uint256 candidateTimestamp = $.offChainDistributionTimestamp;
                    bytes32 candidateMerkleRoot = bytes32(0);
                    uint256 amountOfDistributionsToRemove = 0;
                    uint256[] memory indicesToRemove = new uint256[](queueLength);
                    for (uint256 i; i < queueLength;) {
                        QueuedOffChainDistribution storage distribution = $.offChainDistributionQueue[i];
                        bool isAfterChallengePeriod =
                            block.timestamp >= distribution.timestamp + USUAL_DISTRIBUTION_CHALLENGE_PERIOD;
                        bool isNewerThanCandidate = distribution.timestamp > candidateTimestamp;
                        if (isAfterChallengePeriod && isNewerThanCandidate) {
                            candidateMerkleRoot = distribution.merkleRoot;
                            candidateTimestamp = distribution.timestamp;
                        }
                        if (isAfterChallengePeriod) {
                            // NOTE: We store the index to remove to avoid modifying the array while iterating.
                            // NOTE: After successful approval queue should have only elements older than challenge period.
                            indicesToRemove[amountOfDistributionsToRemove] = i;
                            amountOfDistributionsToRemove++;
                        }
                        unchecked {
                            ++i;
                        }
                    }
                    if (candidateTimestamp <= $.offChainDistributionTimestamp) {
                        revert NoOffChainDistributionToApprove();
                    }
                    for (uint256 i = amountOfDistributionsToRemove; i > 0;) {
                        uint256 indexToRemove = indicesToRemove[i - 1];
                        // NOTE: $.offChainDistributionQueue.length cannot be cached since it can decrease with each loop iteration
                        $.offChainDistributionQueue[indexToRemove] =
                            $.offChainDistributionQueue[$.offChainDistributionQueue.length - 1];
                        $.offChainDistributionQueue.pop();
                        unchecked {
                            --i;
                        }
                    }
                    $.offChainDistributionMerkleRoot = candidateMerkleRoot;
                    $.offChainDistributionTimestamp = candidateTimestamp;
                    emit OffChainDistributionApproved(
                        $.offChainDistributionTimestamp, $.offChainDistributionMerkleRoot
                    );
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionModule
                function getLastOnChainDistributionTimestamp() external view returns (uint256) {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return $.lastOnChainDistributionTimestamp;
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionModule
                function getOffChainDistributionData()
                    external
                    view
                    returns (uint256 timestamp, bytes32 merkleRoot)
                {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return ($.offChainDistributionTimestamp, $.offChainDistributionMerkleRoot);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionModule
                function getOffChainTokensClaimed(address account) external view returns (uint256) {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return $.claimedByOffChainClaimer[account];
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionModule
                function getOffChainDistributionMintCap() external view returns (uint256) {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return $.offChainDistributionMintCap;
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionModule
                function getOffChainDistributionQueue()
                    external
                    view
                    returns (QueuedOffChainDistribution[] memory)
                {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return $.offChainDistributionQueue;
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionAllocator
                function setD(uint256 _d) external {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    _requireOnlyDistributionAllocator($);
                    if (_d == 0) {
                        revert InvalidInput();
                    }
                    if ($.d == _d) revert SameValue();
                    $.d = _d;
                    emit ParameterUpdated("d", _d);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionAllocator
                function getD() external view returns (uint256) {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return $.d;
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionAllocator
                function setM0(uint256 _m0) external {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    _requireOnlyDistributionAllocator($);
                    if (_m0 == 0) {
                        revert InvalidInput();
                    }
                    if ($.m0 == _m0) revert SameValue();
                    $.m0 = _m0;
                    emit ParameterUpdated("m0", _m0);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionAllocator
                function getM0() external view returns (uint256) {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return $.m0;
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionAllocator
                function setRateMin(uint256 _rateMin) external {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    _requireOnlyDistributionAllocator($);
                    if (_rateMin == 0) {
                        revert InvalidInput();
                    }
                    if ($.rateMin == _rateMin) revert SameValue();
                    $.rateMin = _rateMin;
                    emit ParameterUpdated("rateMin", _rateMin);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionAllocator
                function getRateMin() external view returns (uint256) {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return $.rateMin;
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionAllocator
                function setBaseGamma(uint256 _baseGamma) external {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    _requireOnlyDistributionAllocator($);
                    if (_baseGamma == 0) {
                        revert InvalidInput();
                    }
                    if ($.baseGamma == _baseGamma) revert SameValue();
                    $.baseGamma = _baseGamma;
                    emit ParameterUpdated("baseGamma", _baseGamma);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionAllocator
                function getBaseGamma() external view returns (uint256) {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    return $.baseGamma;
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionAllocator
                function setBucketsDistribution(
                    uint256 _lbt,
                    uint256 _lyt,
                    uint256 _iyt,
                    uint256 _bribe,
                    uint256 _eco,
                    uint256 _dao,
                    uint256 _marketMakers,
                    uint256 _usualP,
                    uint256 _usualStar
                ) external {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    _requireOnlyDistributionAllocator($);
                    uint256 total = 0;
                    total += _lbt;
                    total += _lyt;
                    total += _iyt;
                    total += _bribe;
                    total += _eco;
                    total += _dao;
                    total += _marketMakers;
                    total += _usualP;
                    total += _usualStar;
                    if (total != BASIS_POINT_BASE) revert PercentagesSumNotEqualTo100Percent();
                    _setLbt($, _lbt);
                    _setLyt($, _lyt);
                    _setIyt($, _iyt);
                    _setBribe($, _bribe);
                    _setEco($, _eco);
                    _setDao($, _dao);
                    _setMarketMakers($, _marketMakers);
                    _setUsualP($, _usualP);
                    _setUsualStar($, _usualStar);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionOperator
                function distributeUsualToBuckets(uint256 ratet, uint256 p90Rate)
                    external
                    nonReentrant
                    whenNotPaused
                {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    _requireOnlyOperator($);
                    if (ratet == 0 || ratet >= BPS_SCALAR) {
                        revert InvalidInput();
                    }
                    if (p90Rate == 0 || p90Rate >= BPS_SCALAR) {
                        revert InvalidInput();
                    }
                    if (block.timestamp < $.lastOnChainDistributionTimestamp + DISTRIBUTION_FREQUENCY_SCALAR) {
                        revert CannotDistributeUsualMoreThanOnceADay();
                    }
                    (,,,, uint256 usualDistribution) = _calculateUsualDistribution($, ratet, p90Rate);
                    $.lastOnChainDistributionTimestamp = block.timestamp;
                    _distributeToOffChainBucket($, usualDistribution);
                    _distributeToUsualXBucket($, usualDistribution);
                    _distributeToUsualStarBucket($, usualDistribution);
                    emit DailyDistributionRates(ratet, p90Rate);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionOperator
                function queueOffChainUsualDistribution(bytes32 _merkleRoot) external whenNotPaused {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    _requireOnlyOperator($);
                    if (_merkleRoot == bytes32(0)) {
                        revert NullMerkleRoot();
                    }
                    $.offChainDistributionQueue.push(
                        QueuedOffChainDistribution({timestamp: block.timestamp, merkleRoot: _merkleRoot})
                    );
                    emit OffChainDistributionQueued(block.timestamp, _merkleRoot);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IDistributionOperator
                function resetOffChainDistributionQueue() external whenNotPaused {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    _requireOnlyOperator($);
                    delete $.offChainDistributionQueue;
                    emit OffChainDistributionQueueReset();
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IOffChainDistributionChallenger
                function challengeOffChainDistribution(uint256 _timestamp) external whenNotPaused {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    _requireOnlyChallenger($);
                    _markQueuedOffChainDistributionsAsChallenged($, _timestamp);
                    emit OffChainDistributionChallenged(_timestamp);
                }
                /// @notice Marks off-chain distributions older than the specified timestamp as challenged
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param _timestamp Timestamp before which the off-chain distribution will be challenged
                function _markQueuedOffChainDistributionsAsChallenged(
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $,
                    uint256 _timestamp
                ) internal {
                    uint256 i = 0;
                    while (i < $.offChainDistributionQueue.length) {
                        QueuedOffChainDistribution storage distribution = $.offChainDistributionQueue[i];
                        bool isAfterChallengePeriod =
                            block.timestamp >= distribution.timestamp + USUAL_DISTRIBUTION_CHALLENGE_PERIOD;
                        if (distribution.timestamp < _timestamp && !isAfterChallengePeriod) {
                            // Swap with the last element and pop
                            $.offChainDistributionQueue[i] =
                                $.offChainDistributionQueue[$.offChainDistributionQueue.length - 1];
                            $.offChainDistributionQueue.pop();
                            // Don't increment i, as we need to check the swapped element
                        } else {
                            // Only increment if we didn't remove an element
                            i++;
                        }
                    }
                }
                /// @notice Increases the mint cap for the off-chain distribution by the calculated share of the distribution
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param usualDistribution Amount of Usual to distribute to all buckets
                /// @dev If the off-chain buckets share is 0, the function will return without increasing the mint cap
                function _distributeToOffChainBucket(
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $,
                    uint256 usualDistribution
                ) internal {
                    uint256 offChainBucketsShare =
                        BASIS_POINT_BASE - $.usualXDistributionShare - $.usualStarDistributionShare;
                    if (offChainBucketsShare == 0) {
                        return;
                    }
                    uint256 amount =
                        Math.mulDiv(usualDistribution, offChainBucketsShare, BPS_SCALAR, Math.Rounding.Floor);
                    $.offChainDistributionMintCap += amount;
                    emit UsualAllocatedForOffChainClaim(amount);
                }
                /// @notice Mints Usual to UsualX and starts the yield distribution by the calculated share of the distribution
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param usualDistribution Amount of Usual to distribute to all buckets
                /// @dev If the UsualX share is 0, the function will return without minting Usual to UsualX
                function _distributeToUsualXBucket(
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $,
                    uint256 usualDistribution
                ) internal {
                    if ($.usualXDistributionShare == 0) {
                        return;
                    }
                    uint256 amount = Math.mulDiv(
                        usualDistribution, $.usualXDistributionShare, BPS_SCALAR, Math.Rounding.Floor
                    );
                    emit UsualAllocatedForUsualX(amount);
                    $.usual.mint(address($.usualX), amount);
                    $.usualX.startYieldDistribution(
                        amount, block.timestamp, block.timestamp + DISTRIBUTION_FREQUENCY_SCALAR
                    );
                }
                /// @notice Mints Usual to this contract, increases the allowance for UsualSP and starts the yield distribution by the calculated share of the distribution
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param usualDistribution Amount of Usual to distribute to all buckets
                /// @dev If the UsualStar share is 0, the function will return without minting Usual to this contract
                function _distributeToUsualStarBucket(
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $,
                    uint256 usualDistribution
                ) internal {
                    if ($.usualStarDistributionShare == 0) {
                        return;
                    }
                    uint256 amount = Math.mulDiv(
                        usualDistribution, $.usualStarDistributionShare, BPS_SCALAR, Math.Rounding.Floor
                    );
                    emit UsualAllocatedForUsualStar(amount);
                    $.usual.mint(address(this), amount);
                    $.usual.safeIncreaseAllowance(address($.usualSP), amount);
                    $.usualSP.startRewardDistribution(
                        amount, block.timestamp, block.timestamp + DISTRIBUTION_FREQUENCY_SCALAR
                    );
                }
                /// @notice Sets the LBT distribution percentage
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param _lbt LBT distribution percentage
                function _setLbt(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $, uint256 _lbt) internal {
                    $.lbtDistributionShare = _lbt;
                    emit ParameterUpdated("lbt", _lbt);
                }
                /// @notice Sets the LYT distribution percentage
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param _lyt LYT distribution percentage
                function _setLyt(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $, uint256 _lyt) internal {
                    $.lytDistributionShare = _lyt;
                    emit ParameterUpdated("lyt", _lyt);
                }
                /// @notice Sets the IYT distribution percentage
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param _iyt IYT distribution percentage
                function _setIyt(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $, uint256 _iyt) internal {
                    $.iytDistributionShare = _iyt;
                    emit ParameterUpdated("iyt", _iyt);
                }
                /// @notice Sets the Bribe distribution percentage
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param _bribe Bribe distribution percentage
                function _setBribe(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $, uint256 _bribe) internal {
                    $.bribeDistributionShare = _bribe;
                    emit ParameterUpdated("bribe", _bribe);
                }
                /// @notice Sets the Eco distribution percentage
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param _eco Eco distribution percentage
                function _setEco(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $, uint256 _eco) internal {
                    $.ecoDistributionShare = _eco;
                    emit ParameterUpdated("eco", _eco);
                }
                /// @notice Sets the DAO distribution percentage
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param _dao DAO distribution percentage
                function _setDao(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $, uint256 _dao) internal {
                    $.daoDistributionShare = _dao;
                    emit ParameterUpdated("dao", _dao);
                }
                /// @notice Sets the MarketMakers distribution percentage
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param _marketMakers MarketMakers distribution percentage
                function _setMarketMakers(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $, uint256 _marketMakers)
                    internal
                {
                    $.marketMakersDistributionShare = _marketMakers;
                    emit ParameterUpdated("marketMakers", _marketMakers);
                }
                /// @notice Sets the UsualP distribution percentage
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param _usualX UsualX distribution percentage
                function _setUsualP(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $, uint256 _usualX) internal {
                    $.usualXDistributionShare = _usualX;
                    emit ParameterUpdated("usualX", _usualX);
                }
                /// @notice Sets the UsualStar distribution percentage
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param _usualStar UsualStar distribution percentage
                function _setUsualStar(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $, uint256 _usualStar) internal {
                    $.usualStarDistributionShare = _usualStar;
                    emit ParameterUpdated("usualStar", _usualStar);
                }
                /// @notice Calculates gamma scaled since lastOnChainDistributionTimestamp
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @return Gamma scale factor
                function _calculateGamma(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $)
                    internal
                    view
                    returns (uint256)
                {
                    uint256 timePassed = block.timestamp - $.lastOnChainDistributionTimestamp;
                    if (timePassed <= DISTRIBUTION_FREQUENCY_SCALAR || $.lastOnChainDistributionTimestamp == 0)
                    {
                        return Math.mulDiv($.baseGamma, SCALAR_ONE, BPS_SCALAR, Math.Rounding.Floor);
                    }
                    uint256 denominator =
                        Math.mulDiv(SCALAR_ONE, timePassed, DISTRIBUTION_FREQUENCY_SCALAR, Math.Rounding.Floor);
                    uint256 numerator = Math.mulDiv($.baseGamma, SCALAR_ONE, BPS_SCALAR, Math.Rounding.Floor);
                    return Math.mulDiv(numerator, SCALAR_ONE, denominator, Math.Rounding.Floor);
                }
                /// @notice Calculates the UsualDist value
                /// @dev Raw equation: UsualDist = (d * Mt * supplyPpt * pt) / (365 days)
                /// @param mt Mt value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @param supplyPpt Current supply (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @param pt Current price (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @return UsualDist value (raw, not scaled)
                function _calculateDistribution(uint256 mt, uint256 supplyPpt, uint256 pt)
                    internal
                    view
                    returns (uint256)
                {
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $ = _distributionModuleStorageV0();
                    // NOTE: d has BPS precision
                    uint256 result = Math.mulDiv($.d, mt, BPS_SCALAR, Math.Rounding.Floor); // scales mt by BPS_SCALAR then divides by BPS_SCALAR to keep the same scale
                    result = Math.mulDiv(result, supplyPpt, SCALAR_ONE, Math.Rounding.Floor); // 10**18 * 10**18 / 10**18 = 10**18
                    result = Math.mulDiv(result, pt, SCALAR_ONE, Math.Rounding.Floor); // 10**18 * 10**18 / 10**18 = 10**18
                    return Math.mulDiv(result, 1, 365, Math.Rounding.Floor);
                }
                /// @notice Returns the price of usd0 token
                /// @dev $1 unless CBR is on
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                function _getUSD0Price(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $) internal view returns (uint256) {
                    if ($.daoCollateral.isCBROn()) {
                        uint256 cbr = $.daoCollateral.cbrCoef();
                        return Math.mulDiv(SCALAR_ONE, cbr, SCALAR_ONE, Math.Rounding.Floor);
                    }
                    return SCALAR_ONE;
                }
                /// @notice Calculates the Rt value
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param ratet Current rate in BPS
                /// @param p90Rate 90th percentile rate (scaled by BPS_SCALAR)
                /// @return Rt value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                function _calculateRt(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $, uint256 ratet, uint256 p90Rate)
                    internal
                    view
                    returns (uint256)
                {
                    uint256 maxRate = ratet > $.rateMin ? ratet : $.rateMin; // scaled by 10_000
                    uint256 minMaxRate = p90Rate < maxRate ? p90Rate : maxRate; // scaled by 10_000
                    uint256 result = Math.mulDiv(SCALAR_ONE, minMaxRate, $.rate0, Math.Rounding.Floor); // scales minMaxRate by BPS_SCALAR then divides by $.rate0 to keep the same scale
                    return result;
                }
                /// @notice Calculates the St value
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param supplyUSD0PP Current supply (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @param pt Current price (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @return St value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                function _calculateSt(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $, uint256 supplyUSD0PP, uint256 pt)
                    internal
                    view
                    returns (uint256)
                {
                    // NOTE: everything has 10^18 precision
                    uint256 numerator = Math.mulDiv($.initialSupplyPp0, $.p0, SCALAR_ONE); // scaled by 10**18 * 10**18 / 10**18 = 10**18
                    uint256 denominator = Math.mulDiv(supplyUSD0PP, pt, SCALAR_ONE); // scaled by 10**18 * 10**18 / 10**18 = 10**18
                    // NOTE: Good up to 10_000_000_000_000 supply, 10_000_000_000 price, with 10**18 precision
                    // NOTE: (2^256-1) > (10000000000000*10**18)*(10000000000*10**18)*10**18
                    uint256 result = Math.mulDiv(SCALAR_ONE, numerator, denominator, Math.Rounding.Floor); // scales numerator by 10**18 then divides by 10**18 to keep the same scale
                    return result < SCALAR_ONE ? result : SCALAR_ONE;
                }
                /// @notice Calculates the Kappa value
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param ratet Current rate in BPS
                /// @return Kappa value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                function _calculateKappa(DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $, uint256 ratet)
                    internal
                    view
                    returns (uint256)
                {
                    uint256 maxRate = ratet > $.rateMin ? ratet : $.rateMin; // scaled by 10_000
                    uint256 numerator = Math.mulDiv($.m0, maxRate, BPS_SCALAR); // scaled by 10**18 * 10_000 /10_000 = 10**18
                    uint256 denominator = Math.mulDiv(_calculateGamma($), $.rate0, BPS_SCALAR); // scaled by 10**18 * 10**5 / 10**5 = 10**18
                    return Math.mulDiv(numerator, SCALAR_ONE, denominator, Math.Rounding.Floor); // scales numerator 10*18 then divides to keep 10**18 scale
                }
                /// @notice Calculates the Mt value
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param st St value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @param rt Rt value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @param kappa Kappa value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @return Mt value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                function _calculateMt(
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $,
                    uint256 st,
                    uint256 rt,
                    uint256 kappa
                ) internal view returns (uint256) {
                    // (10*10**18*) * 10**18 = 10**37
                    uint256 numerator = Math.mulDiv($.m0, st, SCALAR_ONE, Math.Rounding.Floor); // scaled by 10**18 * 10**18 / 10**18 = 10**18
                    numerator = Math.mulDiv(numerator, rt, SCALAR_ONE, Math.Rounding.Floor); // scaled by 10**18 * 10**18 / 10**18 = 10**18
                    uint256 result = Math.mulDiv(numerator, SCALAR_ONE, _calculateGamma($)); // scales numerator by 10**18  then divides by 10**18  to keep the same scale
                    return result < kappa ? result : kappa;
                }
                /// @notice Calculates all values: St, Rt, Mt, and UsualDist
                /// @param ratet The current interest rate with BPS precision
                /// @param p90Rate The 90th percentile interest rate over the last 60 days with BPS precision
                /// @return st St value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @return rt Rt value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @return kappa Kappa value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @return mt Mt value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @return usualDist UsualDist value (raw, not scaled)
                function _calculateUsualDistribution(
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $,
                    uint256 ratet,
                    uint256 p90Rate
                )
                    internal
                    view
                    returns (uint256 st, uint256 rt, uint256 kappa, uint256 mt, uint256 usualDist)
                {
                    uint256 currentSupplyUsd0PP = $.usd0PP.totalSupply();
                    uint256 pt = _getUSD0Price($);
                    st = _calculateSt($, currentSupplyUsd0PP, pt);
                    rt = _calculateRt($, ratet, p90Rate);
                    kappa = _calculateKappa($, ratet);
                    mt = _calculateMt($, st, rt, kappa);
                    usualDist = _calculateDistribution(mt, currentSupplyUsd0PP, pt);
                }
                /// @notice Verifies the off-chain distribution Merkle proof
                /// @param $ Storage struct of the contract
                /// @param account Account to claim for
                /// @param amount Amount of Usual token to claim
                /// @param proof Merkle proof
                function _verifyOffChainDistributionMerkleProof(
                    DistributionModuleStorageV0 storage $,
                    address account,
                    uint256 amount,
                    bytes32[] calldata proof
                ) internal view returns (bool) {
                    bytes32 leaf = keccak256(bytes.concat(keccak256(abi.encode(account, amount))));
                    return MerkleProof.verify(proof, $.offChainDistributionMerkleRoot, leaf);
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";
            import {IERC20Permit} from "../extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
            import {Address} from "../../../utils/Address.sol";
            /**
             * @title SafeERC20
             * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
             * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
             * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
             * successful.
             * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
             * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
             */
            library SafeERC20 {
                using Address for address;
                /**
                 * @dev An operation with an ERC20 token failed.
                 */
                error SafeERC20FailedOperation(address token);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failed `decreaseAllowance` request.
                 */
                error SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 currentAllowance, uint256 requestedDecrease);
                /**
                 * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
                 * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                 */
                function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                    _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transfer, (to, value)));
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
                 * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                 */
                function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                    _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transferFrom, (from, to, value)));
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
                 * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                 */
                function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                    uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
                    forceApprove(token, spender, oldAllowance + value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `requestedDecrease`. If `token` returns no
                 * value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                 */
                function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 requestedDecrease) internal {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 currentAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
                        if (currentAllowance < requestedDecrease) {
                            revert SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, requestedDecrease);
                        }
                        forceApprove(token, spender, currentAllowance - requestedDecrease);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
                 * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
                 * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
                 */
                function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                    bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, value));
                    if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
                        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, 0)));
                        _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
                 * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
                 * @param token The token targeted by the call.
                 * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
                 */
                function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
                    // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
                    // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
                    // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.
                    bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data);
                    if (returndata.length != 0 && !abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) {
                        revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
                 * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
                 * @param token The token targeted by the call.
                 * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
                 *
                 * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
                 */
                function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
                    // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
                    // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
                    // and not revert is the subcall reverts.
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
                    return success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && address(token).code.length > 0;
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
             */
            interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the name of the token.
                 */
                function name() external view returns (string memory);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
                 */
                function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
                 */
                function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
             */
            library Math {
                /**
                 * @dev Muldiv operation overflow.
                 */
                error MathOverflowedMulDiv();
                enum Rounding {
                    Floor, // Toward negative infinity
                    Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
                    Trunc, // Toward zero
                    Expand // Away from zero
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
                 */
                function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 c = a + b;
                        if (c < a) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, c);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
                 */
                function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        if (b > a) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, a - b);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
                 */
                function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
                        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
                        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
                        if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
                        uint256 c = a * b;
                        if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, c);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
                 */
                function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, a / b);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
                 */
                function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, a % b);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
                 */
                function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    return a > b ? a : b;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
                 */
                function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    return a < b ? a : b;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
                 * zero.
                 */
                function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
                    return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
                 *
                 * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
                 * of rounding towards zero.
                 */
                function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    if (b == 0) {
                        // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
                        return a / b;
                    }
                    // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
                    return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
                }
                /**
                 * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
                 * denominator == 0.
                 * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
                 * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
                 */
                function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
                    unchecked {
                        // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
                        // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
                        // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
                        uint256 prod0 = x * y; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
                        uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
                        assembly {
                            let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                            prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
                        }
                        // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
                        if (prod1 == 0) {
                            // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                            // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                            // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                            return prod0 / denominator;
                        }
                        // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
                        if (denominator <= prod1) {
                            revert MathOverflowedMulDiv();
                        }
                        ///////////////////////////////////////////////
                        // 512 by 256 division.
                        ///////////////////////////////////////////////
                        // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
                        uint256 remainder;
                        assembly {
                            // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                            remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)
                            // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                            prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                            prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
                        }
                        // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
                        // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.
                        uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
                        assembly {
                            // Divide denominator by twos.
                            denominator := div(denominator, twos)
                            // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                            prod0 := div(prod0, twos)
                            // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                            twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
                        }
                        // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
                        prod0 |= prod1 * twos;
                        // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
                        // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
                        // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
                        uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;
                        // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
                        // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256
                        // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
                        // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
                        // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
                        // is no longer required.
                        result = prod0 * inverse;
                        return result;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
                 */
                function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
                    if (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
                        result += 1;
                    }
                    return result;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
                 * towards zero.
                 *
                 * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
                 */
                function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    if (a == 0) {
                        return 0;
                    }
                    // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
                    //
                    // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
                    // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
                    //
                    // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
                    // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
                    // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
                    //
                    // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
                    uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);
                    // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
                    // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
                    // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
                    // into the expected uint128 result.
                    unchecked {
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        return min(result, a / result);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
                 */
                function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 result = sqrt(a);
                        return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    uint256 result = 0;
                    unchecked {
                        if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                            value >>= 128;
                            result += 128;
                        }
                        if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                            value >>= 64;
                            result += 64;
                        }
                        if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                            value >>= 32;
                            result += 32;
                        }
                        if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                            value >>= 16;
                            result += 16;
                        }
                        if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                            value >>= 8;
                            result += 8;
                        }
                        if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                            value >>= 4;
                            result += 4;
                        }
                        if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                            value >>= 2;
                            result += 2;
                        }
                        if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                            result += 1;
                        }
                    }
                    return result;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 result = log2(value);
                        return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    uint256 result = 0;
                    unchecked {
                        if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                            value /= 10 ** 64;
                            result += 64;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                            value /= 10 ** 32;
                            result += 32;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                            value /= 10 ** 16;
                            result += 16;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                            value /= 10 ** 8;
                            result += 8;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                            value /= 10 ** 4;
                            result += 4;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                            value /= 10 ** 2;
                            result += 2;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                            result += 1;
                        }
                    }
                    return result;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 result = log10(value);
                        return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 *
                 * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
                 */
                function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    uint256 result = 0;
                    unchecked {
                        if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                            value >>= 128;
                            result += 16;
                        }
                        if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                            value >>= 64;
                            result += 8;
                        }
                        if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                            value >>= 32;
                            result += 4;
                        }
                        if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                            value >>= 16;
                            result += 2;
                        }
                        if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                            result += 1;
                        }
                    }
                    return result;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 result = log256(value);
                        return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
                 */
                function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
                    return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
             *
             * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
             * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
             * (reentrant) calls to them.
             *
             * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
             * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
             * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
             * points to them.
             *
             * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
             * to protect against it, check out our blog post
             * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
             */
            abstract contract ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable is Initializable {
                // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
                // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
                // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
                // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
                // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.
                // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
                // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
                // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
                // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
                // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
                uint256 private constant NOT_ENTERED = 1;
                uint256 private constant ENTERED = 2;
                /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.ReentrancyGuard
                struct ReentrancyGuardStorage {
                    uint256 _status;
                }
                // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.ReentrancyGuard")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
                bytes32 private constant ReentrancyGuardStorageLocation =
                    0x9b779b17422d0df92223018b32b4d1fa46e071723d6817e2486d003becc55f00;
                function _getReentrancyGuardStorage() private pure returns (ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $) {
                    assembly {
                        $.slot := ReentrancyGuardStorageLocation
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Unauthorized reentrant call.
                 */
                error ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();
                function __ReentrancyGuard_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                    __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained();
                }
                function __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
                    ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
                    $._status = NOT_ENTERED;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
                 * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
                 * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
                 * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
                 * `private` function that does the actual work.
                 */
                modifier nonReentrant() {
                    _nonReentrantBefore();
                    _;
                    _nonReentrantAfter();
                }
                function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
                    ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
                    // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be NOT_ENTERED
                    if ($._status == ENTERED) {
                        revert ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();
                    }
                    // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
                    $._status = ENTERED;
                }
                function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
                    ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
                    // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
                    // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
                    $._status = NOT_ENTERED;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns true if the reentrancy guard is currently set to "entered", which indicates there is a
                 * `nonReentrant` function in the call stack.
                 */
                function _reentrancyGuardEntered() internal view returns (bool) {
                    ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
                    return $._status == ENTERED;
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Pausable.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {ContextUpgradeable} from "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
            import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
             * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
             *
             * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
             * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
             * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
             * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
             */
            abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
                /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Pausable
                struct PausableStorage {
                    bool _paused;
                }
                // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Pausable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
                bytes32 private constant PausableStorageLocation =
                    0xcd5ed15c6e187e77e9aee88184c21f4f2182ab5827cb3b7e07fbedcd63f03300;
                function _getPausableStorage() private pure returns (PausableStorage storage $) {
                    assembly {
                        $.slot := PausableStorageLocation
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
                 */
                event Paused(address account);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
                 */
                event Unpaused(address account);
                /**
                 * @dev The operation failed because the contract is paused.
                 */
                error EnforcedPause();
                /**
                 * @dev The operation failed because the contract is not paused.
                 */
                error ExpectedPause();
                /**
                 * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
                 */
                function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                    __Pausable_init_unchained();
                }
                function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
                    PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
                    $._paused = false;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - The contract must not be paused.
                 */
                modifier whenNotPaused() {
                    _requireNotPaused();
                    _;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - The contract must be paused.
                 */
                modifier whenPaused() {
                    _requirePaused();
                    _;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
                 */
                function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
                    PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
                    return $._paused;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
                 */
                function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
                    if (paused()) {
                        revert EnforcedPause();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
                 */
                function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
                    if (!paused()) {
                        revert ExpectedPause();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Triggers stopped state.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - The contract must not be paused.
                 */
                function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
                    PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
                    $._paused = true;
                    emit Paused(_msgSender());
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns to normal state.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - The contract must be paused.
                 */
                function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
                    PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
                    $._paused = false;
                    emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
             * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
             * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
             * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
             *
             * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
             * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
             * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
             *
             * For example:
             *
             * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
             * ```solidity
             * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
             *     function initialize() initializer public {
             *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
             *     }
             * }
             *
             * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
             *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
             *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
             *     }
             * }
             * ```
             *
             * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
             * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
             *
             * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
             * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
             *
             * [CAUTION]
             * ====
             * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
             *
             * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
             * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
             * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
             *
             * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
             * ```
             * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
             * constructor() {
             *     _disableInitializers();
             * }
             * ```
             * ====
             */
            abstract contract Initializable {
                /**
                 * @dev Storage of the initializable contract.
                 *
                 * It's implemented on a custom ERC-7201 namespace to reduce the risk of storage collisions
                 * when using with upgradeable contracts.
                 *
                 * @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Initializable
                 */
                struct InitializableStorage {
                    /**
                     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
                     */
                    uint64 _initialized;
                    /**
                     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
                     */
                    bool _initializing;
                }
                // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Initializable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
                bytes32 private constant INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE = 0xf0c57e16840df040f15088dc2f81fe391c3923bec73e23a9662efc9c229c6a00;
                /**
                 * @dev The contract is already initialized.
                 */
                error InvalidInitialization();
                /**
                 * @dev The contract is not initializing.
                 */
                error NotInitializing();
                /**
                 * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
                 */
                event Initialized(uint64 version);
                /**
                 * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
                 * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
                 *
                 * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that in the context of a constructor an `initializer` may be invoked any
                 * number of times. This behavior in the constructor can be useful during testing and is not expected to be used in
                 * production.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Initialized} event.
                 */
                modifier initializer() {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
                    InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();
                    // Cache values to avoid duplicated sloads
                    bool isTopLevelCall = !$._initializing;
                    uint64 initialized = $._initialized;
                    // Allowed calls:
                    // - initialSetup: the contract is not in the initializing state and no previous version was
                    //                 initialized
                    // - construction: the contract is initialized at version 1 (no reininitialization) and the
                    //                 current contract is just being deployed
                    bool initialSetup = initialized == 0 && isTopLevelCall;
                    bool construction = initialized == 1 && address(this).code.length == 0;
                    if (!initialSetup && !construction) {
                        revert InvalidInitialization();
                    }
                    $._initialized = 1;
                    if (isTopLevelCall) {
                        $._initializing = true;
                    }
                    _;
                    if (isTopLevelCall) {
                        $._initializing = false;
                        emit Initialized(1);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
                 * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
                 * used to initialize parent contracts.
                 *
                 * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
                 * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
                 *
                 * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
                 * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
                 *
                 * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
                 * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
                 *
                 * WARNING: Setting the version to 2**64 - 1 will prevent any future reinitialization.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Initialized} event.
                 */
                modifier reinitializer(uint64 version) {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
                    InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();
                    if ($._initializing || $._initialized >= version) {
                        revert InvalidInitialization();
                    }
                    $._initialized = version;
                    $._initializing = true;
                    _;
                    $._initializing = false;
                    emit Initialized(version);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
                 * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
                 */
                modifier onlyInitializing() {
                    _checkInitializing();
                    _;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Reverts if the contract is not in an initializing state. See {onlyInitializing}.
                 */
                function _checkInitializing() internal view virtual {
                    if (!_isInitializing()) {
                        revert NotInitializing();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
                 * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
                 * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
                 * through proxies.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
                 */
                function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
                    InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();
                    if ($._initializing) {
                        revert InvalidInitialization();
                    }
                    if ($._initialized != type(uint64).max) {
                        $._initialized = type(uint64).max;
                        emit Initialized(type(uint64).max);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
                 */
                function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint64) {
                    return _getInitializableStorage()._initialized;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
                 */
                function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
                    return _getInitializableStorage()._initializing;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns a pointer to the storage namespace.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
                function _getInitializableStorage() private pure returns (InitializableStorage storage $) {
                    assembly {
                        $.slot := INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            interface IUsualSP {
                /// @notice claim UsualS token from allocation
                /// @dev After the cliff period, the owner can claim UsualS token every month during the vesting period
                function claimOriginalAllocation() external;
                /// @notice stake UsualS token to the contract
                /// @param amount the amount of UsualS token to stake
                function stake(uint256 amount) external;
                /// @notice stake UsualS token to the contract with permit
                /// @param amount the amount of UsualS token to stake
                /// @param deadline the deadline of the permit
                /// @param v the v of the permit
                /// @param r the r of the permit
                /// @param s the s of the permit
                function stakeWithPermit(uint256 amount, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s)
                    external;
                /// @notice unstake UsualS token from the contract
                /// @param amount the amount of UsualS token to unstake
                function unstake(uint256 amount) external;
                /// @notice claim reward from the contract
                /// @return the amount of reward token claimed
                function claimReward() external returns (uint256);
                /// @notice Allocate UsualSP token to the recipients
                /// @dev Can only be called by the admin
                /// @param recipients the list of recipients
                /// @param originalAllocations the list of allocations
                /// @param allocationStartTimes the list of allocation start times
                /// @param cliffDurations the list of cliffDurations
                function allocate(
                    address[] calldata recipients,
                    uint256[] calldata originalAllocations,
                    uint256[] calldata allocationStartTimes,
                    uint256[] calldata cliffDurations
                ) external;
                /// @notice Remove the allocation of UsualSP token from the recipients
                /// @dev Can only be called by the admin
                /// @param recipients the list of recipients
                function removeOriginalAllocation(address[] calldata recipients) external;
                /// @notice claim every UsualS token from UsualS contract
                /// @dev Can only be called by the admin
                function stakeUsualS() external;
                /// @notice start reward distribution
                /// @dev Can only be called by the distribution module contract
                /// @param amount the amount of reward token to distribute
                /// @param startTime the start time of the reward distribution
                /// @param endTime the end time of the reward distribution
                function startRewardDistribution(uint256 amount, uint256 startTime, uint256 endTime) external;
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            interface IUsualX {
                function startYieldDistribution(uint256 yieldAmount, uint256 startTime, uint256 endTime)
                    external;
                function sweepFees(address collector) external;
                function setBurnRatio(uint256 burnRatioBps) external;
                function getYieldRate() external view returns (uint256);
                function getBurnRatio() external view returns (uint256);
                function getAccumulatedFees() external view returns (uint256);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            import {IERC20Metadata} from "openzeppelin-contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
            interface IUsual is IERC20Metadata {
                /// @notice mint Usual token
                /// @dev Can only be called by USUAL_MINT role
                /// @param to address of the account who want to mint their token
                /// @param amount the amount of tokens to mint
                function mint(address to, uint256 amount) external;
                /// @notice burnFrom Usual token
                /// @dev Can only be called by USUAL_BURN role
                /// @param account address of the account who want to burn
                /// @param amount the amount of tokens to burn
                function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) external;
                /// @notice burn Usual token
                /// @dev Can only be called by USUAL_BURN role
                /// @param amount the amount of tokens to burn
                function burn(uint256 amount) external;
                /// @notice check if the account is blacklisted
                /// @param account address of the account to check
                /// @return bool
                function isBlacklisted(address account) external view returns (bool);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            struct Approval {
                uint256 deadline;
                uint8 v; // Changes at each new signature because of ERC20 Permit nonce
                bytes32 r;
                bytes32 s;
            }
            struct Intent {
                address recipient;
                address rwaToken;
                uint256 amountInTokenDecimals;
                uint256 deadline;
                bytes signature;
            }
            interface IDaoCollateral {
                /// @notice  swap method
                /// @dev     Function that enable you to swap your rwaToken for stablecoin
                /// @dev     Will exchange RWA (rwaToken) for USD0 (stableToken)
                /// @param   rwaToken  address of the token to swap
                /// @param   amount  amount of rwaToken to swap
                /// @param   minAmountOut minimum amount of stableToken to receive
                function swap(address rwaToken, uint256 amount, uint256 minAmountOut) external;
                /// @notice  swap method with permit
                /// @dev     Function that enable you to swap your rwaToken for stablecoin with permit
                /// @dev     Will exchange RWA (rwaToken) for USD0 (stableToken)
                /// @param   rwaToken  address of the token to swap
                /// @param   amount  amount of rwaToken to swap
                /// @param   deadline The deadline for the permit
                /// @param   v The v value for the permit
                /// @param   r The r value for the permit
                /// @param   s The s value for the permit
                function swapWithPermit(
                    address rwaToken,
                    uint256 amount,
                    uint256 minAmountOut,
                    uint256 deadline,
                    uint8 v,
                    bytes32 r,
                    bytes32 s
                ) external;
                /// @notice  redeem method
                /// @dev     Function that enable you to redeem your stable token for rwaToken
                /// @dev     Will exchange USD0 (stableToken) for RWA (rwaToken)
                /// @param   rwaToken address of the token that will be sent to the you
                /// @param   amount  amount of stableToken to redeem
                /// @param   minAmountOut minimum amount of rwaToken to receive
                function redeem(address rwaToken, uint256 amount, uint256 minAmountOut) external;
                /// @notice Swap RWA for USDC through offers on the SwapperContract
                /// @dev Takes USYC, mints USD0 and provides it to the Swapper Contract directly
                /// Sends USD0 to the offer's creator and sends USDC to the recipient
                /// @dev the recipient Address to receive the USDC is msg.sender
                /// @param rwaToken Address of the RWA to swap for USDC
                /// @param amountInTokenDecimals Address of the RWA to swap for USDC
                /// @param orderIdsToTake orderIds to be taken
                /// @param approval ERC20Permit approval data and signature of data
                /// @param partialMatching flag to allow partial matching
                function swapRWAtoStbc(
                    address rwaToken,
                    uint256 amountInTokenDecimals,
                    bool partialMatching,
                    uint256[] calldata orderIdsToTake,
                    Approval calldata approval
                ) external;
                /// @notice Swap RWA for USDC through offers on the SwapperContract
                /// @dev Takes USYC, mints USD0 and provides it to the Swapper Contract directly
                /// Sends USD0 to the offer's creator and sends USDC to the recipient
                /// @dev the recipient Address to receive the USDC is the offer's creator
                /// @param orderIdsToTake orderIds to be taken
                /// @param approval ERC20Permit approval data and signature of data
                /// @param intent Intent data and signature of data
                /// @param partialMatching flag to allow partial matching
                function swapRWAtoStbcIntent(
                    uint256[] calldata orderIdsToTake,
                    Approval calldata approval,
                    Intent calldata intent,
                    bool partialMatching
                ) external;
                // * Getter functions
                /// @notice get the redeem fee percentage
                /// @return the fee value
                function redeemFee() external view returns (uint256);
                /// @notice check if the CBR (Counter Bank Run) is activated
                /// @dev flag indicate the status of the CBR (see documentation for more details)
                /// @return the status of the CBR
                function isCBROn() external view returns (bool);
                /// @notice Returns the cbrCoef value.
                function cbrCoef() external view returns (uint256);
                /// @notice get the status of pause for the redeem function
                /// @return the status of the pause
                function isRedeemPaused() external view returns (bool);
                /// @notice get the status of pause for the swap function
                /// @return the status of the pause
                function isSwapPaused() external view returns (bool);
                // * Restricted functions
                /// @notice  redeem method for DAO
                /// @dev     Function that enables DAO to redeem stableToken for rwaToken
                /// @dev     Will exchange USD0 (stableToken) for RWA (rwaToken)
                /// @param   rwaToken address of the token that will be sent to the you
                /// @param   amount  amount of stableToken to redeem
                function redeemDao(address rwaToken, uint256 amount) external;
                /// @notice Invalidates the current nonce for the message sender
                /// @dev This function increments the nonce counter for the msg.sender and emits a NonceInvalidated event
                function invalidateNonce() external;
                /// @notice Invalidates all nonces up to a certain value for the message sender
                /// @dev This function increments the nonce counter for the msg.sender and emits a NonceInvalidated event
                function invalidateUpToNonce(uint256 newNonce) external;
                /// @notice Set the lower bound for the intent nonce to be considered consumed
                /// @dev An intent with an amount less than this threshold after a partial match will be invalidated by incrementing the nonce
                /// @dev emits a NonceThresholdSet event
                /// @param threshold The new threshold value
                function setNonceThreshold(uint256 threshold) external;
                /// @notice Check the current threshold for the intent nonce to be considered consumed
                /// @return The current threshold value
                function nonceThreshold() external view returns (uint256);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            interface IDistributionModule {
                struct QueuedOffChainDistribution {
                    /// @notice Timestamp of the queued distribution
                    uint256 timestamp;
                    /// @notice Merkle root of the queued distribution
                    bytes32 merkleRoot;
                }
                /// @notice Returns the current buckets distribution percentage for the Usual token emissions (in basis points)
                /// @return lbt LBT bucket percentage
                /// @return lyt LYT bucket percentage
                /// @return iyt IYT bucket percentage
                /// @return bribe Bribe bucket percentage
                /// @return eco Eco bucket percentage
                /// @return dao DAO bucket percentage
                /// @return marketMakers MarketMakers bucket percentage
                /// @return usualP UsualP bucket percentage
                /// @return usualStar UsualStar bucket percentage
                function getBucketsDistribution()
                    external
                    view
                    returns (
                        uint256 lbt,
                        uint256 lyt,
                        uint256 iyt,
                        uint256 bribe,
                        uint256 eco,
                        uint256 dao,
                        uint256 marketMakers,
                        uint256 usualP,
                        uint256 usualStar
                    );
                /// @notice Calculates the St value
                /// @dev Raw equation: St = min((supplyPp0 * p0) / (supplyPpt * pt), 1)
                /// @param supplyPpt Current supply (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @param pt Current price (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @return St value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                function calculateSt(uint256 supplyPpt, uint256 pt) external view returns (uint256);
                /// @notice Calculates the Rt value
                /// @dev Raw equation: Rt = min( max(ratet, rateMin), p90Rate ) / rate0
                /// @param ratet Current rate (scaled by BPS_SCALAR)
                /// @param p90Rate 90th percentile rate (scaled by BPS_SCALAR)
                /// @return Rt value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                function calculateRt(uint256 ratet, uint256 p90Rate) external view returns (uint256);
                /// @notice Calculates the Kappa value
                /// @dev Raw equation: Kappa = m_0*max(rate_t[i],rate_min)/rate_0
                /// @param ratet Current rate (scaled by BPS_SCALAR)
                /// @return Kappa value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                function calculateKappa(uint256 ratet) external view returns (uint256);
                /// @notice Calculates the Mt value
                /// @dev Raw equation: Mt = min((m0 * St * Rt)/gamma, kappa)
                /// @param st St value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @param rt Rt value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @param kappa Kappa value (in basis points)
                /// @return Mt value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                function calculateMt(uint256 st, uint256 rt, uint256 kappa) external view returns (uint256);
                /// @notice Calculates all values: St, Rt, Mt, and UsualDist
                /// @param ratet Current rate (scaled by BPS_SCALAR)
                /// @param p90Rate 90th percentile rate (scaled by BPS_SCALAR)
                /// @return st St value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @return rt Rt value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @return kappa Kappa value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @return mt Mt value (scaled by SCALAR_ONE)
                /// @return usualDist UsualDist value (raw, not scaled)
                function calculateUsualDist(uint256 ratet, uint256 p90Rate)
                    external
                    view
                    returns (uint256 st, uint256 rt, uint256 kappa, uint256 mt, uint256 usualDist);
                /// @notice Claims the Usual token distribution for the given account
                /// @param account The account to claim for
                /// @param amount Total amount of Usual token rewards earned by the account up to this point
                /// @param proof Merkle proof
                function claimOffChainDistribution(address account, uint256 amount, bytes32[] calldata proof)
                    external;
                /// @notice Returns the current off-chain distribution data
                /// @return timestamp Timestamp of the latest unchallanged distribution
                /// @return merkleRoot Merkle root of the latest unchallanged distribution
                function getOffChainDistributionData()
                    external
                    view
                    returns (uint256 timestamp, bytes32 merkleRoot);
                /// @notice Returns the amount of Usual token claimed off-chain by the account up to this point
                /// @param account The account to check
                /// @return amount Amount of Usual token claimed off-chain
                function getOffChainTokensClaimed(address account) external view returns (uint256 amount);
                /// @notice Returns the off-chain distribution queue
                /// @return QueuedOffChainDistribution[] Array of queued off-chain distributions
                function getOffChainDistributionQueue()
                    external
                    view
                    returns (QueuedOffChainDistribution[] memory);
                /// @notice Returns maximum amount of Usual token that can be distributed off-chain
                /// @return amount Maximum amount of Usual token that can be distributed off-chain
                function getOffChainDistributionMintCap() external view returns (uint256 amount);
                /// @notice Returns the timestamp of the last on-chain distribution
                /// @return timestamp Timestamp of the last on-chain distribution
                function getLastOnChainDistributionTimestamp() external view returns (uint256 timestamp);
                /// @notice Approve the latest queue merkle root that is unchallenged and older than challenge period.
                /// @dev Every queued merkle root older than challenge period will be removed.
                function approveUnchallengedOffChainDistribution() external;
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            interface IDistributionAllocator {
                /// @notice Sets the buckets distribution percentages for the Usual token emissions
                /// @param _lbt LBT bucket percentage
                /// @param _lyt LYT bucket percentage
                /// @param _iyt IYT bucket percentage
                /// @param _bribe Bribe bucket percentage
                /// @param _eco Eco bucket percentage
                /// @param _dao DAO bucket percentage
                /// @param _marketMakers MarketMakers bucket percentage
                /// @param _usualP UsualP bucket percentage
                /// @param _usualStar UsualStar bucket percentage
                /// @dev The sum of all percentages should be equal to BASIS_POINT_BASE (100% - in basis points)
                /// @dev Can be only called by the DISTRIBUTION_ALLOCATOR role
                function setBucketsDistribution(
                    uint256 _lbt,
                    uint256 _lyt,
                    uint256 _iyt,
                    uint256 _bribe,
                    uint256 _eco,
                    uint256 _dao,
                    uint256 _marketMakers,
                    uint256 _usualP,
                    uint256 _usualStar
                ) external;
                /// @notice Sets D parameter used for the Usual token emissions distribution calculation
                /// @param _d D parameter
                function setD(uint256 _d) external;
                /// @notice Returns the D parameter used for the Usual token emissions distribution calculation
                /// @return d D parameter
                function getD() external view returns (uint256 d);
                /// @notice Sets M0 parameter used for the Usual token emissions distribution calculation
                /// @param _m0 M0 parameter
                function setM0(uint256 _m0) external;
                /// @notice Returns the M0 parameter used for the Usual token emissions distribution calculation
                /// @return m0 M0 parameter
                function getM0() external view returns (uint256 m0);
                /// @notice Sets rateMin parameter used for the Usual token emissions distribution calculation
                /// @param _rateMin rate0 parameter
                function setRateMin(uint256 _rateMin) external;
                /// @notice Returns the rateMin parameter used for the Usual token emissions distribution calculation
                /// @return rateMin rateMin parameter
                function getRateMin() external view returns (uint256 rateMin);
                /// @notice Sets gamma parameter used for the Usual token emissions distribution calculation
                /// @param _gamma rateMin parameter
                function setBaseGamma(uint256 _gamma) external;
                /// @notice Returns the gamma parameter used for the Usual token emissions distribution calculation
                /// @return gamma gamma parameter
                function getBaseGamma() external view returns (uint256 gamma);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            interface IDistributionOperator {
                /// @notice Distribute Usual token emissions to on-chain and off-chainbuckets based on provided values.
                /// @param ratet The current interest rate with BPS precision
                /// @param p90Rate The 90th percentile interest rate over the last 60 days with BPS precision
                /// @dev Can be only called by the DISTRIBUTION_OPERATOR role
                /// @dev Can be only called once per 24 hours
                function distributeUsualToBuckets(uint256 ratet, uint256 p90Rate) external;
                /// @notice Queue a merkle root that allows off-chain distribution of Usual token to be claimed.
                /// @param _merkleRoot Merkle root of the distribution point
                /// @dev Can be only called by the DISTRIBUTION_OPERATOR role
                function queueOffChainUsualDistribution(bytes32 _merkleRoot) external;
                /// @notice Resets off-chain distribution queue.
                /// @dev Can be only called by the DISTRIBUTION_OPERATOR role
                /// @dev Every queued merkle root will be removed.
                function resetOffChainDistributionQueue() external;
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            interface IOffChainDistributionChallenger {
                /// @notice Challenges all queued off-chain distribution older than specified timestamp.
                /// @param _timestamp Timestamp before which the off-chain distribution will be challenged
                /// @dev Can be only called by the DISTRIBUTION_CHALLENGER role
                function challengeOffChainDistribution(uint256 _timestamp) external;
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            import {IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules} from
                "openzeppelin-contracts/access/extensions/IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules.sol";
            // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
            interface IRegistryAccess is IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules {}
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            interface IRegistryContract {
                function setContract(bytes32 name, address contractAddress) external;
                function getContract(bytes32 name) external view returns (address);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            import {IRegistryAccess} from "src/interfaces/registry/IRegistryAccess.sol";
            import {NotAuthorized} from "src/errors.sol";
            /// @title Check Access control library
            library CheckAccessControl {
                /// @dev Function to restrict to one access role.
                /// @param registryAccess The registry access contract.
                /// @param role The role being checked.
                function onlyMatchingRole(IRegistryAccess registryAccess, bytes32 role) internal view {
                    if (!registryAccess.hasRole(role, msg.sender)) {
                        revert NotAuthorized();
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            import {IERC20Metadata} from "openzeppelin-contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
            import {Math} from "openzeppelin-contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
            import {SCALAR_ONE} from "src/constants.sol";
            /// @title Normalize decimals between tokens
            library Normalize {
                /// @notice Normalize token amount to target decimals
                /// @notice i.e 100 USDC with 6 decimals to 100e18 USDC with 18 decimals
                /// @param tokenAmount The token amount
                /// @param tokenDecimals The token decimals
                /// @param targetDecimals The target decimals
                function tokenAmountToDecimals(uint256 tokenAmount, uint8 tokenDecimals, uint8 targetDecimals)
                    internal
                    pure
                    returns (uint256)
                {
                    if (tokenDecimals < targetDecimals) {
                        return tokenAmount * (10 ** uint256(targetDecimals - tokenDecimals));
                    } else if (tokenDecimals > targetDecimals) {
                        return tokenAmount / (10 ** uint256(tokenDecimals - targetDecimals));
                    } else {
                        return tokenAmount;
                    }
                }
                /// @notice Normalize token amount to 18 decimals
                /// @notice i.e 100 USDC with 6 decimals to 100e18 USDC with 18 decimals
                /// @param tokenAmount The token amount
                /// @param tokenDecimals The token decimals
                function tokenAmountToWad(uint256 tokenAmount, uint8 tokenDecimals)
                    internal
                    pure
                    returns (uint256)
                {
                    return tokenAmountToDecimals(tokenAmount, tokenDecimals, 18);
                }
                /// @notice Normalize token amount to wad
                /// @notice i.e 10e6 USYC with 6 decimals will result in wadAmount = 10e18 and  tokenDecimals = 6
                /// @param token The token address
                /// @param tokenAmount The token amount
                /// @return wadAmount The normalized token amount in wad
                /// @return tokenDecimals The token decimals
                function tokenAmountToWadWithTokenAddress(uint256 tokenAmount, address token)
                    internal
                    view
                    returns (uint256, uint8)
                {
                    uint8 tokenDecimals = uint8(IERC20Metadata(token).decimals());
                    uint256 wadAmount = tokenAmountToWad(tokenAmount, uint8(tokenDecimals));
                    return (wadAmount, tokenDecimals);
                }
                /// @notice Returns wad amount of token at wad price.
                /// @notice i.e 10e6 USYC with 6 decimals will be wadAmount = 10e18
                /// @notice if wadPrice is 1e18 USD then 10e18 USD0 will be worth 10e18 USD
                /// @param wadAmount The wad amount (18 decimals)
                /// @param wadPrice The wad price (18 decimals)
                /// @return The normalized token amount for price
                function wadAmountByPrice(uint256 wadAmount, uint256 wadPrice)
                    internal
                    pure
                    returns (uint256)
                {
                    return Math.mulDiv(wadAmount, wadPrice, SCALAR_ONE, Math.Rounding.Floor);
                }
                /// @notice return how much token we can have for stable amount.
                /// @notice i.e 10 (10e18) USD0 with 18 decimals worth 2$ each (2e18) will return 5e6 USYC with 6 decimals
                /// @param wadStableAmount The wad stable token amount
                /// @param wadPrice The wad price with for the token in stable
                /// @param tokenDecimals The token decimals
                /// @return The token amount for price with token decimals
                function wadTokenAmountForPrice(uint256 wadStableAmount, uint256 wadPrice, uint8 tokenDecimals)
                    internal
                    pure
                    returns (uint256)
                {
                    return Math.mulDiv(wadStableAmount, 10 ** tokenDecimals, wadPrice, Math.Rounding.Floor);
                }
                /// @dev Converts a WAD amount to a different number of decimals.
                /// @param wadAmount The WAD amount to convert.
                /// @param targetDecimals The number of decimals to convert to.
                /// @return The converted amount with the target number of decimals.
                function wadAmountToDecimals(uint256 wadAmount, uint8 targetDecimals)
                    internal
                    pure
                    returns (uint256)
                {
                    return tokenAmountToDecimals(wadAmount, 18, targetDecimals);
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev These functions deal with verification of Merkle Tree proofs.
             *
             * The tree and the proofs can be generated using our
             * https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/merkle-tree[JavaScript library].
             * You will find a quickstart guide in the readme.
             *
             * WARNING: You should avoid using leaf values that are 64 bytes long prior to
             * hashing, or use a hash function other than keccak256 for hashing leaves.
             * This is because the concatenation of a sorted pair of internal nodes in
             * the Merkle tree could be reinterpreted as a leaf value.
             * OpenZeppelin's JavaScript library generates Merkle trees that are safe
             * against this attack out of the box.
             */
            library MerkleProof {
                /**
                 *@dev The multiproof provided is not valid.
                 */
                error MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
                /**
                 * @dev Returns true if a `leaf` can be proved to be a part of a Merkle tree
                 * defined by `root`. For this, a `proof` must be provided, containing
                 * sibling hashes on the branch from the leaf to the root of the tree. Each
                 * pair of leaves and each pair of pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
                 */
                function verify(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
                    return processProof(proof, leaf) == root;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Calldata version of {verify}
                 */
                function verifyCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
                    return processProofCalldata(proof, leaf) == root;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the rebuilt hash obtained by traversing a Merkle tree up
                 * from `leaf` using `proof`. A `proof` is valid if and only if the rebuilt
                 * hash matches the root of the tree. When processing the proof, the pairs
                 * of leafs & pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
                 */
                function processProof(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                    bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
                    for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
                        computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
                    }
                    return computedHash;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Calldata version of {processProof}
                 */
                function processProofCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                    bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
                    for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
                        computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
                    }
                    return computedHash;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns true if the `leaves` can be simultaneously proven to be a part of a Merkle tree defined by
                 * `root`, according to `proof` and `proofFlags` as described in {processMultiProof}.
                 *
                 * CAUTION: Not all Merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
                 */
                function multiProofVerify(
                    bytes32[] memory proof,
                    bool[] memory proofFlags,
                    bytes32 root,
                    bytes32[] memory leaves
                ) internal pure returns (bool) {
                    return processMultiProof(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Calldata version of {multiProofVerify}
                 *
                 * CAUTION: Not all Merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
                 */
                function multiProofVerifyCalldata(
                    bytes32[] calldata proof,
                    bool[] calldata proofFlags,
                    bytes32 root,
                    bytes32[] memory leaves
                ) internal pure returns (bool) {
                    return processMultiProofCalldata(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the root of a tree reconstructed from `leaves` and sibling nodes in `proof`. The reconstruction
                 * proceeds by incrementally reconstructing all inner nodes by combining a leaf/inner node with either another
                 * leaf/inner node or a proof sibling node, depending on whether each `proofFlags` item is true or false
                 * respectively.
                 *
                 * CAUTION: Not all Merkle trees admit multiproofs. To use multiproofs, it is sufficient to ensure that: 1) the tree
                 * is complete (but not necessarily perfect), 2) the leaves to be proven are in the opposite order they are in the
                 * tree (i.e., as seen from right to left starting at the deepest layer and continuing at the next layer).
                 */
                function processMultiProof(
                    bytes32[] memory proof,
                    bool[] memory proofFlags,
                    bytes32[] memory leaves
                ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
                    // This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
                    // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
                    // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
                    // the Merkle tree.
                    uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
                    uint256 proofLen = proof.length;
                    uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;
                    // Check proof validity.
                    if (leavesLen + proofLen != totalHashes + 1) {
                        revert MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
                    }
                    // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
                    // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
                    bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
                    uint256 leafPos = 0;
                    uint256 hashPos = 0;
                    uint256 proofPos = 0;
                    // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
                    // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
                    //   get the next hash.
                    // - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
                    //   `proof` array.
                    for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
                        bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
                        bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
                            ? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
                            : proof[proofPos++];
                        hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
                    }
                    if (totalHashes > 0) {
                        if (proofPos != proofLen) {
                            revert MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
                        }
                        unchecked {
                            return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
                        }
                    } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
                        return leaves[0];
                    } else {
                        return proof[0];
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Calldata version of {processMultiProof}.
                 *
                 * CAUTION: Not all Merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
                 */
                function processMultiProofCalldata(
                    bytes32[] calldata proof,
                    bool[] calldata proofFlags,
                    bytes32[] memory leaves
                ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
                    // This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
                    // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
                    // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
                    // the Merkle tree.
                    uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
                    uint256 proofLen = proof.length;
                    uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;
                    // Check proof validity.
                    if (leavesLen + proofLen != totalHashes + 1) {
                        revert MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
                    }
                    // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
                    // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
                    bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
                    uint256 leafPos = 0;
                    uint256 hashPos = 0;
                    uint256 proofPos = 0;
                    // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
                    // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
                    //   get the next hash.
                    // - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
                    //   `proof` array.
                    for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
                        bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
                        bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
                            ? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
                            : proof[proofPos++];
                        hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
                    }
                    if (totalHashes > 0) {
                        if (proofPos != proofLen) {
                            revert MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
                        }
                        unchecked {
                            return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
                        }
                    } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
                        return leaves[0];
                    } else {
                        return proof[0];
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Sorts the pair (a, b) and hashes the result.
                 */
                function _hashPair(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32) {
                    return a < b ? _efficientHash(a, b) : _efficientHash(b, a);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Implementation of keccak256(abi.encode(a, b)) that doesn't allocate or expand memory.
                 */
                function _efficientHash(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32 value) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        mstore(0x00, a)
                        mstore(0x20, b)
                        value := keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            /* Roles */
            bytes32 constant DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE = 0x00;
            bytes32 constant PAUSING_CONTRACTS_ROLE = keccak256("PAUSING_CONTRACTS_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant EARLY_BOND_UNLOCK_ROLE = keccak256("EARLY_BOND_UNLOCK_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant BLACKLIST_ROLE = keccak256("BLACKLIST_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant WHITELIST_ROLE = keccak256("WHITELIST_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant WITHDRAW_FEE_UPDATER_ROLE = keccak256("WITHDRAW_FEE_UPDATER_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant FEE_SWEEPER_ROLE = keccak256("FEE_SWEEPER_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant BURN_RATIO_UPDATER_ROLE = keccak256("BURN_RATIO_UPDATER_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant FLOOR_PRICE_UPDATER_ROLE = keccak256("FLOOR_PRICE_UPDATER_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant DAO_COLLATERAL = keccak256("DAO_COLLATERAL_CONTRACT");
            bytes32 constant USUALSP = keccak256("USUALSP_CONTRACT");
            bytes32 constant USD0_MINT = keccak256("USD0_MINT");
            bytes32 constant USD0_BURN = keccak256("USD0_BURN");
            bytes32 constant USD0PP_MINT = keccak256("USD0PP_MINT");
            bytes32 constant USD0PP_BURN = keccak256("USD0PP_BURN");
            bytes32 constant USUALS_BURN = keccak256("USUALS_BURN");
            bytes32 constant USUAL_MINT = keccak256("USUAL_MINT");
            bytes32 constant USUAL_BURN = keccak256("USUAL_BURN");
            bytes32 constant INTENT_MATCHING_ROLE = keccak256("INTENT_MATCHING_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant NONCE_THRESHOLD_SETTER_ROLE = keccak256("NONCE_THRESHOLD_SETTER_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant PEG_MAINTAINER_ROLE = keccak256("PEG_MAINTAINER_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant PEG_MAINTAINER_UNLIMITED_ROLE = keccak256("PEG_MAINTAINER_UNLIMITED_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant USD0PP_CAPPED_UNWRAP_ROLE = keccak256("USD0PP_CAPPED_UNWRAP_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant UNWRAP_CAP_ALLOCATOR_ROLE = keccak256("UNWRAP_CAP_ALLOCATOR_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant SWAPPER_ENGINE = keccak256("SWAPPER_ENGINE");
            bytes32 constant INTENT_TYPE_HASH = keccak256(
                "SwapIntent(address recipient,address rwaToken,uint256 amountInTokenDecimals,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)"
            );
            bytes32 constant DISTRIBUTION_ALLOCATOR_ROLE = keccak256("DISTRIBUTION_ALLOCATOR_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant DISTRIBUTION_OPERATOR_ROLE = keccak256("DISTRIBUTION_OPERATOR_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant DISTRIBUTION_CHALLENGER_ROLE = keccak256("DISTRIBUTION_CHALLENGER_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant USD0PP_USUAL_DISTRIBUTION_ROLE = keccak256("USD0PP_USUAL_DISTRIBUTION_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant USD0PP_DURATION_COST_FACTOR_ROLE = keccak256("USD0PP_DURATION_COST_FACTOR_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant USD0PP_TREASURY_ALLOCATION_RATE_ROLE =
                keccak256("USD0PP_TREASURY_ALLOCATION_RATE_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant USD0PP_TARGET_REDEMPTION_RATE_ROLE =
                keccak256("USD0PP_TARGET_REDEMPTION_RATE_ROLE");
            /* Airdrop Roles */
            bytes32 constant AIRDROP_OPERATOR_ROLE = keccak256("AIRDROP_OPERATOR_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant AIRDROP_PENALTY_OPERATOR_ROLE = keccak256("AIRDROP_PENALTY_OPERATOR_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant USUALSP_OPERATOR_ROLE = keccak256("USUALSP_OPERATOR_ROLE");
            /* Contracts */
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_REGISTRY_ACCESS = keccak256("CONTRACT_REGISTRY_ACCESS");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_DAO_COLLATERAL = keccak256("CONTRACT_DAO_COLLATERAL");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USD0PP = keccak256("CONTRACT_USD0PP");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USUALS = keccak256("CONTRACT_USUALS");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USUALSP = keccak256("CONTRACT_USUALSP");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_TOKEN_MAPPING = keccak256("CONTRACT_TOKEN_MAPPING");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_ORACLE = keccak256("CONTRACT_ORACLE");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_ORACLE_USUAL = keccak256("CONTRACT_ORACLE_USUAL");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_DATA_PUBLISHER = keccak256("CONTRACT_DATA_PUBLISHER");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_TREASURY = keccak256("CONTRACT_TREASURY");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_YIELD_TREASURY = keccak256("CONTRACT_YIELD_TREASURY");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_SWAPPER_ENGINE = keccak256("CONTRACT_SWAPPER_ENGINE");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_AIRDROP_DISTRIBUTION = keccak256("CONTRACT_AIRDROP_DISTRIBUTION");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_AIRDROP_TAX_COLLECTOR = keccak256("CONTRACT_AIRDROP_TAX_COLLECTOR");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_DISTRIBUTION_MODULE = keccak256("CONTRACT_DISTRIBUTION_MODULE");
            /* Registry */
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_REGISTRY = keccak256("CONTRACT_REGISTRY"); // Not set on production
            /* Contract tokens */
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USD0 = keccak256("CONTRACT_USD0");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USUAL = keccak256("CONTRACT_USUAL");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USDC = keccak256("CONTRACT_USDC");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USUALX = keccak256("CONTRACT_USUALX");
            /* Token names and symbols */
            string constant USUALSSymbol = "USUAL*";
            string constant USUALSName = "USUAL Star";
            string constant USUALSymbol = "USUAL";
            string constant USUALName = "USUAL";
            string constant USUALXSymbol = "USUALX";
            string constant USUALXName = "USUALX";
            /* Constants */
            uint256 constant INITIAL_ACCUMULATED_FEES = 0; // For now, we don't have any fees accumulated. This constant can be used to initialize the contract with the correct amount of fees.
            uint256 constant SCALAR_ONE = 1e18;
            uint256 constant BPS_SCALAR = 10_000; // 10000 basis points = 100%
            uint256 constant DISTRIBUTION_FREQUENCY_SCALAR = 1 days;
            uint256 constant SCALAR_TEN_KWEI = 10_000;
            uint256 constant MAX_REDEEM_FEE = 2500;
            uint256 constant MINIMUM_USDC_PROVIDED = 100e6; //minimum of 100 USDC deposit;
            // we take 12sec as the average block time
            // 1 year = 3600sec * 24 hours * 365 days * 4 years  = 126_144_000 + 1 day // adding a leap day
            uint256 constant BOND_DURATION_FOUR_YEAR = 126_230_400; //including a leap day;
            uint256 constant USUAL_DISTRIBUTION_CHALLENGE_PERIOD = 1 weeks;
            uint256 constant BASIS_POINT_BASE = 10_000;
            uint256 constant INITIAL_BURN_RATIO_BPS = 3334;
            uint256 constant VESTING_DURATION_THREE_YEARS = 94_608_000; // 3 years
            uint256 constant USUALSP_VESTING_STARTING_DATE = 1_732_530_600; // Mon Nov 25 2024 10:30:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant STARTDATE_USUAL_CLAIMING_USUALSP = 1_764_066_600; // Tue Nov 25 2025 10:30:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant STARTDATE_USUAL_CLAIMING_DISTRIBUTION_MODULE = 1_734_516_000; // Dec 18 2024 10:00:00  GMT+0000
            uint256 constant AIRDROP_INITIAL_START_TIME = 1_734_516_000; // Dec 18 2024 10:00:00  GMT+0000
            uint256 constant AIRDROP_VESTING_DURATION_IN_MONTHS = 6;
            uint256 constant ONE_YEAR = 31_536_000; // 365 days
            uint256 constant SIX_MONTHS = 15_768_000;
            uint256 constant ONE_MONTH = 2_628_000; // ONE_YEAR / 12 = 30,4 days
            uint64 constant ONE_WEEK = 604_800;
            uint256 constant NUMBER_OF_MONTHS_IN_THREE_YEARS = 36;
            uint256 constant END_OF_EARLY_UNLOCK_PERIOD = 1_735_686_000; // 31st Dec 2024 23:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant FIRST_AIRDROP_VESTING_CLAIMING_DATE = 1_737_194_400; // 18th Jan 2025 10:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant SECOND_AIRDROP_VESTING_CLAIMING_DATE = 1_739_872_800; // 18th Feb 2025 10:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant THIRD_AIRDROP_VESTING_CLAIMING_DATE = 1_742_292_000; // 18th Mar 2025 10:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant FOURTH_AIRDROP_VESTING_CLAIMING_DATE = 1_744_970_400; // 18th Apr 2025 10:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant FIFTH_AIRDROP_VESTING_CLAIMING_DATE = 1_747_562_400; // 18th May 2025 10:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant SIXTH_AIRDROP_VESTING_CLAIMING_DATE = 1_750_240_800; // 18th Jun 2025 10:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant INITIAL_FLOOR_PRICE = 999_500_000_000_000_000; // 1 USD0++ = 0.9995 USD0
            /* UsualX initial withdraw fee */
            uint256 constant USUALX_WITHDRAW_FEE = 1000; // in BPS 10%
            /* Usual Distribution Bucket Distribution Shares */
            uint256 constant LBT_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 3552;
            uint256 constant LYT_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 1026; // USD0/USD0++ AND USD0/USDC summed up
            uint256 constant IYT_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 0;
            uint256 constant BRIBE_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 346;
            uint256 constant ECO_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 0;
            uint256 constant DAO_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 1620;
            uint256 constant MARKET_MAKERS_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 0;
            uint256 constant USUALX_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 1728;
            uint256 constant USUALSTAR_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 1728;
            uint256 constant INITIAL_BASE_GAMMA = 7894; // 78.94
            uint256 constant ONE_USDC = 1e6;
            uint256 constant MAX_25_PERCENT_WITHDRAW_FEE = 2500; // 25% fee
            uint256 constant YIELD_PRECISION = 1 days;
            uint256 constant USUALS_TOTAL_SUPPLY = 360_000_000e18;
            uint256 constant PRICE_TIMEOUT = 7 days;
            address constant SUSDE_CHAINLINK_PRICE_ORACLE = 0xFF3BC18cCBd5999CE63E788A1c250a88626aD099;
            uint256 constant CHAINLINK_PRICE_SCALAR = 1e8;
            /* Usual burn initial parameters */
            uint256 constant INITIAL_USUAL_BURN_TREASURY_ALLOCATION_RATE = 6666; // 66.66% in basis points
            uint256 constant INITIAL_USUAL_BURN_DURATION_COST_FACTOR = 180; // 180 days
            uint256 constant INITIAL_USUAL_BURN_TARGET_REDEMPTION_RATE = 30; // 0.3% in basis points
            uint256 constant INITIAL_USUAL_BURN_USUAL_DISTRIBUTION_PER_USD0PP = 3e15; // 0.003 Usual per USD0PP
            uint256 constant USD0PP_NET_OUTFLOWS_ROLLING_WINDOW_DAYS = 7; // 7 days
            /* Token Addresses */
            address constant USYC = 0x136471a34f6ef19fE571EFFC1CA711fdb8E49f2b;
            address constant USDT = 0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7;
            /*
             * The maximum relative price difference between two oracle responses allowed in order for the PriceFeed
             * to return to using the Oracle oracle. 18-digit precision.
             */
            uint256 constant INITIAL_MAX_DEPEG_THRESHOLD = 100;
            /* Maximum number of RWA tokens that can be associated with USD0 */
            uint256 constant MAX_RWA_COUNT = 10;
            /* Curvepool Addresses */
            address constant CURVE_POOL_USD0_USD0PP = 0x1d08E7adC263CfC70b1BaBe6dC5Bb339c16Eec52;
            int128 constant CURVE_POOL_USD0_USD0PP_INTEGER_FOR_USD0 = 0;
            int128 constant CURVE_POOL_USD0_USD0PP_INTEGER_FOR_USD0PP = 1;
            /* Airdrop */
            uint256 constant AIRDROP_CLAIMING_PERIOD_LENGTH = 182 days;
            /* Distribution */
            uint256 constant RATE0 = 400; // 4.03% in basis points
            /* Hexagate */
            address constant HEXAGATE_PAUSER = 0x114644925eD9A6Ab20bF85f36F1a458DF181b57B;
            /* Mainnet Usual Deployment */
            address constant USUAL_MULTISIG_MAINNET = 0x6e9d65eC80D69b1f508560Bc7aeA5003db1f7FB7;
            address constant USUAL_PROXY_ADMIN_MAINNET = 0xaaDa24358620d4638a2eE8788244c6F4b197Ca16;
            address constant REGISTRY_CONTRACT_MAINNET = 0x0594cb5ca47eFE1Ff25C7B8B43E221683B4Db34c;
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            error AlreadyClaimed();
            error NothingToClaim();
            error AlreadyWhitelisted();
            error AmountTooBig();
            error AmountTooLow();
            error AmountIsZero();
            error Blacklisted();
            error ExpiredSignature(uint256 deadline);
            error SameValue();
            error Invalid();
            error InvalidInput();
            error InvalidToken();
            error InvalidName();
            error InvalidSigner(address owner);
            error InvalidDeadline(uint256 approvalDeadline, uint256 intentDeadline);
            error NoOrdersIdsProvided();
            error InvalidSymbol();
            error InvalidInputArraysLength();
            error NotAuthorized();
            error NotClaimableYet();
            error NullAddress();
            error NullContract();
            error OracleNotWorkingNotCurrent();
            error OracleNotInitialized();
            error OutOfBounds();
            error InvalidTimeout();
            error RedeemMustNotBePaused();
            error RedeemMustBePaused();
            error SwapMustNotBePaused();
            error SwapMustBePaused();
            error StablecoinDepeg();
            error DepegThresholdTooHigh();
            error BondNotStarted();
            error BondFinished();
            error BondNotFinished();
            error CliffBiggerThanDuration();
            error BeginInPast();
            error EndTimeBeforeStartTime();
            error StartTimeInPast();
            error AlreadyStarted();
            error CBRIsTooHigh();
            error CBRIsNull();
            error RedeemFeeTooBig();
            error TooManyRWA();
            error InsufficientUSD0Balance();
            error InsufficientUsualSLiquidAllocation();
            error CannotReduceAllocation();
            error OrderNotActive();
            error NotRequester();
            error ApprovalFailed();
            error AmountExceedBacking();
            error InvalidOrderAmount(address account, uint256 amount);
            error PARNotRequired();
            error PARNotSuccessful();
            error PARUSD0InputExceedsBalance();
            error NullMerkleRoot();
            error InvalidProof();
            error PercentagesSumNotEqualTo100Percent();
            error CannotDistributeUsualMoreThanOnceADay();
            error NoOffChainDistributionToApprove();
            error NoTokensToClaim();
            error InvalidOrderId(uint80 roundId);
            error NotOwner();
            error InvalidClaimingPeriodStartDate();
            error InvalidMaxChargeableTax();
            error NotInClaimingPeriod();
            error ClaimerHasPaidTax();
            error ZeroYieldAmount();
            error StartTimeNotInFuture();
            error StartTimeBeforePeriodFinish();
            error CurrentTimeBeforePeriodFinish();
            error EndTimeNotAfterStartTime();
            error InsufficientAssetsForYield();
            error NotPermittedToEarlyUnlock();
            error OutsideEarlyUnlockTimeframe();
            error AirdropVoided();
            error FloorPriceTooHigh();
            error AmountMustBeGreaterThanZero();
            error InsufficientUsd0ppBalance();
            error UsualAmountTooLow();
            error UsualAmountIsZero();
            error FloorPriceNotSet();
            error UnwrapCapNotSet();
            error AmountTooBigForCap();
            error StalePrice();
            error InvalidPrice();
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
             */
            interface IERC20 {
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
                 * another (`to`).
                 *
                 * Note that `value` may be zero.
                 */
                event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
                 * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
                 */
                event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
                 */
                function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
                 */
                function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
                /**
                 * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
                 *
                 * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                 *
                 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                 */
                function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
                 * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
                 * zero by default.
                 *
                 * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
                 */
                function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
                /**
                 * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
                 * caller's tokens.
                 *
                 * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
                 * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
                 * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
                 * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
                 * desired value afterwards:
                 * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
                 *
                 * Emits an {Approval} event.
                 */
                function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
                /**
                 * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
                 * allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
                 * allowance.
                 *
                 * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                 *
                 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                 */
                function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
             *
             * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
             * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
             * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
             *
             * ==== Security Considerations
             *
             * There are two important considerations concerning the use of `permit`. The first is that a valid permit signature
             * expresses an allowance, and it should not be assumed to convey additional meaning. In particular, it should not be
             * considered as an intention to spend the allowance in any specific way. The second is that because permits have
             * built-in replay protection and can be submitted by anyone, they can be frontrun. A protocol that uses permits should
             * take this into consideration and allow a `permit` call to fail. Combining these two aspects, a pattern that may be
             * generally recommended is:
             *
             * ```solidity
             * function doThingWithPermit(..., uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public {
             *     try token.permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s) {} catch {}
             *     doThing(..., value);
             * }
             *
             * function doThing(..., uint256 value) public {
             *     token.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), value);
             *     ...
             * }
             * ```
             *
             * Observe that: 1) `msg.sender` is used as the owner, leaving no ambiguity as to the signer intent, and 2) the use of
             * `try/catch` allows the permit to fail and makes the code tolerant to frontrunning. (See also
             * {SafeERC20-safeTransferFrom}).
             *
             * Additionally, note that smart contract wallets (such as Argent or Safe) are not able to produce permit signatures, so
             * contracts should have entry points that don't rely on permit.
             */
            interface IERC20Permit {
                /**
                 * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
                 * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
                 * ordering also apply here.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Approval} event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
                 * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
                 * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
                 * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
                 * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
                 *
                 * For more information on the signature format, see the
                 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
                 * section].
                 *
                 * CAUTION: See Security Considerations above.
                 */
                function permit(
                    address owner,
                    address spender,
                    uint256 value,
                    uint256 deadline,
                    uint8 v,
                    bytes32 r,
                    bytes32 s
                ) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
                 * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
                 *
                 * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
                 * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
                 */
                function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
                function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Address.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
             */
            library Address {
                /**
                 * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
                 */
                error AddressInsufficientBalance(address account);
                /**
                 * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
                 */
                error AddressEmptyCode(address target);
                /**
                 * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
                 */
                error FailedInnerCall();
                /**
                 * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                 * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                 *
                 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                 * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                 * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                 * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                 *
                 * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                 * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                 * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                 * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                 */
                function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                    if (address(this).balance < amount) {
                        revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
                    }
                    (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                    if (!success) {
                        revert FailedInnerCall();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                 * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                 * function instead.
                 *
                 * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
                 * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
                 * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
                 * {FailedInnerCall} error.
                 *
                 * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                 * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `target` must be a contract.
                 * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                 */
                function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                 * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                 */
                function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (address(this).balance < value) {
                        revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
                    }
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but performing a static call.
                 */
                function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but performing a delegate call.
                 */
                function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
                 * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {FailedInnerCall}) in case of an
                 * unsuccessful call.
                 */
                function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                    address target,
                    bool success,
                    bytes memory returndata
                ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (!success) {
                        _revert(returndata);
                    } else {
                        // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                        // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                        if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                            revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
                        }
                        return returndata;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
                 * revert reason or with a default {FailedInnerCall} error.
                 */
                function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (!success) {
                        _revert(returndata);
                    } else {
                        return returndata;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {FailedInnerCall}.
                 */
                function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
                    // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                    if (returndata.length > 0) {
                        // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                        assembly {
                            let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                            revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                        }
                    } else {
                        revert FailedInnerCall();
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
             * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
             * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
             * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
             * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
             * is concerned).
             *
             * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
             */
            abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
                function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {}
                function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {}
                function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
                    return msg.sender;
                }
                function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
                    return msg.data;
                }
                function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    return 0;
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/extensions/IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IAccessControl} from "../IAccessControl.sol";
            /**
             * @dev External interface of AccessControlDefaultAdminRules declared to support ERC165 detection.
             */
            interface IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules is IAccessControl {
                /**
                 * @dev The new default admin is not a valid default admin.
                 */
                error AccessControlInvalidDefaultAdmin(address defaultAdmin);
                /**
                 * @dev At least one of the following rules was violated:
                 *
                 * - The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` must only be managed by itself.
                 * - The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` must only be held by one account at the time.
                 * - Any `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` transfer must be in two delayed steps.
                 */
                error AccessControlEnforcedDefaultAdminRules();
                /**
                 * @dev The delay for transferring the default admin delay is enforced and
                 * the operation must wait until `schedule`.
                 *
                 * NOTE: `schedule` can be 0 indicating there's no transfer scheduled.
                 */
                error AccessControlEnforcedDefaultAdminDelay(uint48 schedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when a {defaultAdmin} transfer is started, setting `newAdmin` as the next
                 * address to become the {defaultAdmin} by calling {acceptDefaultAdminTransfer} only after `acceptSchedule`
                 * passes.
                 */
                event DefaultAdminTransferScheduled(address indexed newAdmin, uint48 acceptSchedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when a {pendingDefaultAdmin} is reset if it was never accepted, regardless of its schedule.
                 */
                event DefaultAdminTransferCanceled();
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when a {defaultAdminDelay} change is started, setting `newDelay` as the next
                 * delay to be applied between default admin transfer after `effectSchedule` has passed.
                 */
                event DefaultAdminDelayChangeScheduled(uint48 newDelay, uint48 effectSchedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when a {pendingDefaultAdminDelay} is reset if its schedule didn't pass.
                 */
                event DefaultAdminDelayChangeCanceled();
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the address of the current `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` holder.
                 */
                function defaultAdmin() external view returns (address);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns a tuple of a `newAdmin` and an accept schedule.
                 *
                 * After the `schedule` passes, the `newAdmin` will be able to accept the {defaultAdmin} role
                 * by calling {acceptDefaultAdminTransfer}, completing the role transfer.
                 *
                 * A zero value only in `acceptSchedule` indicates no pending admin transfer.
                 *
                 * NOTE: A zero address `newAdmin` means that {defaultAdmin} is being renounced.
                 */
                function pendingDefaultAdmin() external view returns (address newAdmin, uint48 acceptSchedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the delay required to schedule the acceptance of a {defaultAdmin} transfer started.
                 *
                 * This delay will be added to the current timestamp when calling {beginDefaultAdminTransfer} to set
                 * the acceptance schedule.
                 *
                 * NOTE: If a delay change has been scheduled, it will take effect as soon as the schedule passes, making this
                 * function returns the new delay. See {changeDefaultAdminDelay}.
                 */
                function defaultAdminDelay() external view returns (uint48);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns a tuple of `newDelay` and an effect schedule.
                 *
                 * After the `schedule` passes, the `newDelay` will get into effect immediately for every
                 * new {defaultAdmin} transfer started with {beginDefaultAdminTransfer}.
                 *
                 * A zero value only in `effectSchedule` indicates no pending delay change.
                 *
                 * NOTE: A zero value only for `newDelay` means that the next {defaultAdminDelay}
                 * will be zero after the effect schedule.
                 */
                function pendingDefaultAdminDelay() external view returns (uint48 newDelay, uint48 effectSchedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Starts a {defaultAdmin} transfer by setting a {pendingDefaultAdmin} scheduled for acceptance
                 * after the current timestamp plus a {defaultAdminDelay}.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the current {defaultAdmin}.
                 *
                 * Emits a DefaultAdminRoleChangeStarted event.
                 */
                function beginDefaultAdminTransfer(address newAdmin) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Cancels a {defaultAdmin} transfer previously started with {beginDefaultAdminTransfer}.
                 *
                 * A {pendingDefaultAdmin} not yet accepted can also be cancelled with this function.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the current {defaultAdmin}.
                 *
                 * May emit a DefaultAdminTransferCanceled event.
                 */
                function cancelDefaultAdminTransfer() external;
                /**
                 * @dev Completes a {defaultAdmin} transfer previously started with {beginDefaultAdminTransfer}.
                 *
                 * After calling the function:
                 *
                 * - `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` should be granted to the caller.
                 * - `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` should be revoked from the previous holder.
                 * - {pendingDefaultAdmin} should be reset to zero values.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the {pendingDefaultAdmin}'s `newAdmin`.
                 * - The {pendingDefaultAdmin}'s `acceptSchedule` should've passed.
                 */
                function acceptDefaultAdminTransfer() external;
                /**
                 * @dev Initiates a {defaultAdminDelay} update by setting a {pendingDefaultAdminDelay} scheduled for getting
                 * into effect after the current timestamp plus a {defaultAdminDelay}.
                 *
                 * This function guarantees that any call to {beginDefaultAdminTransfer} done between the timestamp this
                 * method is called and the {pendingDefaultAdminDelay} effect schedule will use the current {defaultAdminDelay}
                 * set before calling.
                 *
                 * The {pendingDefaultAdminDelay}'s effect schedule is defined in a way that waiting until the schedule and then
                 * calling {beginDefaultAdminTransfer} with the new delay will take at least the same as another {defaultAdmin}
                 * complete transfer (including acceptance).
                 *
                 * The schedule is designed for two scenarios:
                 *
                 * - When the delay is changed for a larger one the schedule is `block.timestamp + newDelay` capped by
                 * {defaultAdminDelayIncreaseWait}.
                 * - When the delay is changed for a shorter one, the schedule is `block.timestamp + (current delay - new delay)`.
                 *
                 * A {pendingDefaultAdminDelay} that never got into effect will be canceled in favor of a new scheduled change.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the current {defaultAdmin}.
                 *
                 * Emits a DefaultAdminDelayChangeScheduled event and may emit a DefaultAdminDelayChangeCanceled event.
                 */
                function changeDefaultAdminDelay(uint48 newDelay) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Cancels a scheduled {defaultAdminDelay} change.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the current {defaultAdmin}.
                 *
                 * May emit a DefaultAdminDelayChangeCanceled event.
                 */
                function rollbackDefaultAdminDelay() external;
                /**
                 * @dev Maximum time in seconds for an increase to {defaultAdminDelay} (that is scheduled using {changeDefaultAdminDelay})
                 * to take effect. Default to 5 days.
                 *
                 * When the {defaultAdminDelay} is scheduled to be increased, it goes into effect after the new delay has passed with
                 * the purpose of giving enough time for reverting any accidental change (i.e. using milliseconds instead of seconds)
                 * that may lock the contract. However, to avoid excessive schedules, the wait is capped by this function and it can
                 * be overrode for a custom {defaultAdminDelay} increase scheduling.
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: Make sure to add a reasonable amount of time while overriding this value, otherwise,
                 * there's a risk of setting a high new delay that goes into effect almost immediately without the
                 * possibility of human intervention in the case of an input error (eg. set milliseconds instead of seconds).
                 */
                function defaultAdminDelayIncreaseWait() external view returns (uint48);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/IAccessControl.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev External interface of AccessControl declared to support ERC165 detection.
             */
            interface IAccessControl {
                /**
                 * @dev The `account` is missing a role.
                 */
                error AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount(address account, bytes32 neededRole);
                /**
                 * @dev The caller of a function is not the expected one.
                 *
                 * NOTE: Don't confuse with {AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount}.
                 */
                error AccessControlBadConfirmation();
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when `newAdminRole` is set as ``role``'s admin role, replacing `previousAdminRole`
                 *
                 * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is the starting admin for all roles, despite
                 * {RoleAdminChanged} not being emitted signaling this.
                 */
                event RoleAdminChanged(bytes32 indexed role, bytes32 indexed previousAdminRole, bytes32 indexed newAdminRole);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `role`.
                 *
                 * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call, an admin role
                 * bearer except when using {AccessControl-_setupRole}.
                 */
                event RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when `account` is revoked `role`.
                 *
                 * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call:
                 *   - if using `revokeRole`, it is the admin role bearer
                 *   - if using `renounceRole`, it is the role bearer (i.e. `account`)
                 */
                event RoleRevoked(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
                 */
                function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) external view returns (bool);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
                 * {revokeRole}.
                 *
                 * To change a role's admin, use {AccessControl-_setRoleAdmin}.
                 */
                function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) external view returns (bytes32);
                /**
                 * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
                 *
                 * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
                 * event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
                 */
                function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
                 *
                 * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
                 */
                function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
                 *
                 * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
                 * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
                 * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
                 *
                 * If the calling account had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
                 * event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the caller must be `callerConfirmation`.
                 */
                function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address callerConfirmation) external;
            }
            

            File 4 of 6: Usual
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            import {SafeERC20} from "openzeppelin-contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
            import {ERC20Upgradeable} from "openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/ERC20Upgradeable.sol";
            import {ERC20} from "openzeppelin-contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
            import {IUsual} from "src/interfaces/token/IUsual.sol";
            import {CheckAccessControl} from "src/utils/CheckAccessControl.sol";
            import {IRegistryAccess} from "src/interfaces/registry/IRegistryAccess.sol";
            import {IRegistryContract} from "src/interfaces/registry/IRegistryContract.sol";
            import {
                CONTRACT_REGISTRY_ACCESS,
                DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE,
                USUAL_MINT,
                USUAL_BURN,
                BLACKLIST_ROLE,
                PAUSING_CONTRACTS_ROLE
            } from "src/constants.sol";
            import {AmountIsZero, NullContract, NullAddress, Blacklisted, SameValue} from "src/errors.sol";
            import {ERC20PausableUpgradeable} from
                "openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20PausableUpgradeable.sol";
            import {ERC20PermitUpgradeable} from
                "openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20PermitUpgradeable.sol";
            /// @title   Usual contract
            /// @notice  Manages the USUAL token, including minting, burning, and transfers with blacklist checks.
            /// @dev     Implements IUsual for USUAL-specific logic.
            /// @author  Usual Tech team
            contract Usual is ERC20PausableUpgradeable, ERC20PermitUpgradeable, IUsual {
                using CheckAccessControl for IRegistryAccess;
                using SafeERC20 for ERC20;
                /// @notice Emitted when an account is blacklisted
                /// @param account The address that was blacklisted
                event Blacklist(address account);
                /// @notice Emitted when an account is removed from the blacklist
                /// @param account The address that was unblacklisted
                event UnBlacklist(address account);
                /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:Usual.storage.v0
                struct UsualStorageV0 {
                    IRegistryAccess registryAccess;
                    mapping(address => bool) isBlacklisted;
                }
                // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("Usual.storage.v0")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
                // solhint-disable-next-line
                bytes32 public constant UsualStorageV0Location =
                    0xef28303bc727ce4292bbfc822cd1bd55856334a6c8fea26a82814184b0a91900;
                /// @notice Returns the storage struct of the contract.
                /// @return $ .
                function _usualStorageV0() internal pure returns (UsualStorageV0 storage $) {
                    bytes32 position = UsualStorageV0Location;
                    // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                    assembly {
                        $.slot := position
                    }
                }
                /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
                constructor() {
                    _disableInitializers();
                }
                /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                         INITIALIZER
                //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
                /// @notice  Initializes the contract with a registry contract, name, and symbol.
                /// @param   registryContract_ Address of the registry contract for role management.
                /// @param   name_ The name of the USUAL token.
                /// @param   symbol_ The symbol of the USUAL token.
                function initialize(address registryContract_, string memory name_, string memory symbol_)
                    public
                    initializer
                {
                    // Initialize the contract with token details.
                    __ERC20_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
                    // Initialize the contract in an unpaused state.
                    __Pausable_init_unchained();
                    // Initialize the contract with permit functionality.
                    __ERC20Permit_init_unchained(name_);
                    // Initialize the contract with EIP712 functionality.
                    __EIP712_init_unchained(name_, "1");
                    // Initialize the contract with the registry contract.
                    if (registryContract_ == address(0)) {
                        revert NullContract();
                    }
                    _usualStorageV0().registryAccess = IRegistryAccess(
                        IRegistryContract(registryContract_).getContract(CONTRACT_REGISTRY_ACCESS)
                    );
                }
                /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                           External
                //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
                /// @notice Pauses all token transfers
                /// @dev Can only be called by an account with the PAUSING_CONTRACTS_ROLE
                function pause() external {
                    UsualStorageV0 storage $ = _usualStorageV0();
                    $.registryAccess.onlyMatchingRole(PAUSING_CONTRACTS_ROLE);
                    _pause();
                }
                /// @notice Unpauses all token transfers
                /// @dev Can only be called by an account with the DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE
                function unpause() external {
                    UsualStorageV0 storage $ = _usualStorageV0();
                    $.registryAccess.onlyMatchingRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE);
                    _unpause();
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IUsual
                function mint(address to, uint256 amount) public {
                    if (amount == 0) {
                        revert AmountIsZero();
                    }
                    UsualStorageV0 storage $ = _usualStorageV0();
                    $.registryAccess.onlyMatchingRole(USUAL_MINT);
                    _mint(to, amount);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IUsual
                function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) public {
                    UsualStorageV0 storage $ = _usualStorageV0();
                    //  Ensures the caller has the USUAL_BURN role.
                    $.registryAccess.onlyMatchingRole(USUAL_BURN);
                    _burn(account, amount);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IUsual
                function burn(uint256 amount) public {
                    UsualStorageV0 storage $ = _usualStorageV0();
                    $.registryAccess.onlyMatchingRole(USUAL_BURN);
                    _burn(msg.sender, amount);
                }
                /// @notice Hook that ensures token transfers are not made from or to not blacklisted addresses.
                /// @param from The address sending the tokens.
                /// @param to The address receiving the tokens.
                /// @param amount The amount of tokens being transferred.
                function _update(address from, address to, uint256 amount)
                    internal
                    virtual
                    override(ERC20PausableUpgradeable, ERC20Upgradeable)
                {
                    UsualStorageV0 storage $ = _usualStorageV0();
                    if ($.isBlacklisted[from] || $.isBlacklisted[to]) {
                        revert Blacklisted();
                    }
                    super._update(from, to, amount);
                }
                /// @notice Adds an address to the blacklist
                /// @dev Can only be called by an account with the BLACKLIST_ROLE
                /// @param account The address to be blacklisted
                function blacklist(address account) external {
                    if (account == address(0)) {
                        revert NullAddress();
                    }
                    UsualStorageV0 storage $ = _usualStorageV0();
                    $.registryAccess.onlyMatchingRole(BLACKLIST_ROLE);
                    if ($.isBlacklisted[account]) {
                        revert SameValue();
                    }
                    $.isBlacklisted[account] = true;
                    emit Blacklist(account);
                }
                /// @notice Removes an address from the blacklist
                /// @dev Can only be called by an account with the BLACKLIST_ROLE
                /// @param account The address to be removed from the blacklist
                function unBlacklist(address account) external {
                    UsualStorageV0 storage $ = _usualStorageV0();
                    $.registryAccess.onlyMatchingRole(BLACKLIST_ROLE);
                    if (!$.isBlacklisted[account]) {
                        revert SameValue();
                    }
                    $.isBlacklisted[account] = false;
                    emit UnBlacklist(account);
                }
                /// @inheritdoc IUsual
                function isBlacklisted(address account) external view returns (bool) {
                    UsualStorageV0 storage $ = _usualStorageV0();
                    return $.isBlacklisted[account];
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";
            import {IERC20Permit} from "../extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
            import {Address} from "../../../utils/Address.sol";
            /**
             * @title SafeERC20
             * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
             * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
             * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
             * successful.
             * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
             * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
             */
            library SafeERC20 {
                using Address for address;
                /**
                 * @dev An operation with an ERC20 token failed.
                 */
                error SafeERC20FailedOperation(address token);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failed `decreaseAllowance` request.
                 */
                error SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 currentAllowance, uint256 requestedDecrease);
                /**
                 * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
                 * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                 */
                function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                    _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transfer, (to, value)));
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
                 * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                 */
                function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                    _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transferFrom, (from, to, value)));
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
                 * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                 */
                function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                    uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
                    forceApprove(token, spender, oldAllowance + value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `requestedDecrease`. If `token` returns no
                 * value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                 */
                function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 requestedDecrease) internal {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 currentAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
                        if (currentAllowance < requestedDecrease) {
                            revert SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, requestedDecrease);
                        }
                        forceApprove(token, spender, currentAllowance - requestedDecrease);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
                 * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
                 * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
                 */
                function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                    bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, value));
                    if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
                        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, 0)));
                        _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
                 * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
                 * @param token The token targeted by the call.
                 * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
                 */
                function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
                    // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
                    // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
                    // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.
                    bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data);
                    if (returndata.length != 0 && !abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) {
                        revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
                 * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
                 * @param token The token targeted by the call.
                 * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
                 *
                 * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
                 */
                function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
                    // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
                    // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
                    // and not revert is the subcall reverts.
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
                    return success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && address(token).code.length > 0;
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
            import {IERC20Metadata} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
            import {ContextUpgradeable} from "../../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
            import {IERC20Errors} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol";
            import {Initializable} from "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
             *
             * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
             * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
             *
             * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
             * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
             * to implement supply mechanisms].
             *
             * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
             * this function so it returns a different value.
             *
             * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
             * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
             * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
             * applications.
             *
             * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
             * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
             * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
             * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
             */
            abstract contract ERC20Upgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, IERC20, IERC20Metadata, IERC20Errors {
                /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.ERC20
                struct ERC20Storage {
                    mapping(address account => uint256) _balances;
                    mapping(address account => mapping(address spender => uint256)) _allowances;
                    uint256 _totalSupply;
                    string _name;
                    string _symbol;
                }
                // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.ERC20")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
                bytes32 private constant ERC20StorageLocation = 0x52c63247e1f47db19d5ce0460030c497f067ca4cebf71ba98eeadabe20bace00;
                function _getERC20Storage() private pure returns (ERC20Storage storage $) {
                    assembly {
                        $.slot := ERC20StorageLocation
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
                 *
                 * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
                 * construction.
                 */
                function __ERC20_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
                    __ERC20_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
                }
                function __ERC20_init_unchained(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
                    ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
                    $._name = name_;
                    $._symbol = symbol_;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the name of the token.
                 */
                function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
                    ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
                    return $._name;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
                 * name.
                 */
                function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
                    ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
                    return $._symbol;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
                 * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
                 * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
                 *
                 * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
                 * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
                 * it's overridden.
                 *
                 * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
                 * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
                 * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
                 */
                function decimals() public view virtual returns (uint8) {
                    return 18;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
                 */
                function totalSupply() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
                    return $._totalSupply;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
                 */
                function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
                    return $._balances[account];
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
                 * - the caller must have a balance of at least `value`.
                 */
                function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
                    address owner = _msgSender();
                    _transfer(owner, to, value);
                    return true;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
                 */
                function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
                    return $._allowances[owner][spender];
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
                 *
                 * NOTE: If `value` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
                 * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
                 */
                function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
                    address owner = _msgSender();
                    _approve(owner, spender, value);
                    return true;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
                 * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
                 *
                 * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
                 * is the maximum `uint256`.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
                 * - `from` must have a balance of at least `value`.
                 * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
                 * `value`.
                 */
                function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
                    address spender = _msgSender();
                    _spendAllowance(from, spender, value);
                    _transfer(from, to, value);
                    return true;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`.
                 *
                 * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
                 * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
                 *
                 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                 *
                 * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
                 */
                function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                    if (from == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
                    }
                    if (to == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
                    }
                    _update(from, to, value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Transfers a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if `from`
                 * (or `to`) is the zero address. All customizations to transfers, mints, and burns should be done by overriding
                 * this function.
                 *
                 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                 */
                function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual {
                    ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
                    if (from == address(0)) {
                        // Overflow check required: The rest of the code assumes that totalSupply never overflows
                        $._totalSupply += value;
                    } else {
                        uint256 fromBalance = $._balances[from];
                        if (fromBalance < value) {
                            revert ERC20InsufficientBalance(from, fromBalance, value);
                        }
                        unchecked {
                            // Overflow not possible: value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                            $._balances[from] = fromBalance - value;
                        }
                    }
                    if (to == address(0)) {
                        unchecked {
                            // Overflow not possible: value <= totalSupply or value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                            $._totalSupply -= value;
                        }
                    } else {
                        unchecked {
                            // Overflow not possible: balance + value is at most totalSupply, which we know fits into a uint256.
                            $._balances[to] += value;
                        }
                    }
                    emit Transfer(from, to, value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Creates a `value` amount of tokens and assigns them to `account`, by transferring it from address(0).
                 * Relies on the `_update` mechanism
                 *
                 * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
                 *
                 * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
                 */
                function _mint(address account, uint256 value) internal {
                    if (account == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
                    }
                    _update(address(0), account, value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Destroys a `value` amount of tokens from `account`, lowering the total supply.
                 * Relies on the `_update` mechanism.
                 *
                 * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
                 *
                 * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead
                 */
                function _burn(address account, uint256 value) internal {
                    if (account == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
                    }
                    _update(account, address(0), value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
                 *
                 * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
                 * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Approval} event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
                 * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
                 *
                 * Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
                 */
                function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                    _approve(owner, spender, value, true);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Variant of {_approve} with an optional flag to enable or disable the {Approval} event.
                 *
                 * By default (when calling {_approve}) the flag is set to true. On the other hand, approval changes made by
                 * `_spendAllowance` during the `transferFrom` operation set the flag to false. This saves gas by not emitting any
                 * `Approval` event during `transferFrom` operations.
                 *
                 * Anyone who wishes to continue emitting `Approval` events on the`transferFrom` operation can force the flag to
                 * true using the following override:
                 * ```
                 * function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool) internal virtual override {
                 *     super._approve(owner, spender, value, true);
                 * }
                 * ```
                 *
                 * Requirements are the same as {_approve}.
                 */
                function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
                    ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
                    if (owner == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC20InvalidApprover(address(0));
                    }
                    if (spender == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC20InvalidSpender(address(0));
                    }
                    $._allowances[owner][spender] = value;
                    if (emitEvent) {
                        emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `value`.
                 *
                 * Does not update the allowance value in case of infinite allowance.
                 * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
                 *
                 * Does not emit an {Approval} event.
                 */
                function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal virtual {
                    uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
                    if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
                        if (currentAllowance < value) {
                            revert ERC20InsufficientAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, value);
                        }
                        unchecked {
                            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - value, false);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IERC20} from "./IERC20.sol";
            import {IERC20Metadata} from "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
            import {Context} from "../../utils/Context.sol";
            import {IERC20Errors} from "../../interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
             *
             * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
             * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
             *
             * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
             * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
             * to implement supply mechanisms].
             *
             * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
             * this function so it returns a different value.
             *
             * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
             * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
             * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
             * applications.
             *
             * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
             * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
             * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
             * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
             */
            abstract contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata, IERC20Errors {
                mapping(address account => uint256) private _balances;
                mapping(address account => mapping(address spender => uint256)) private _allowances;
                uint256 private _totalSupply;
                string private _name;
                string private _symbol;
                /**
                 * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
                 *
                 * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
                 * construction.
                 */
                constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
                    _name = name_;
                    _symbol = symbol_;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the name of the token.
                 */
                function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
                    return _name;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
                 * name.
                 */
                function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
                    return _symbol;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
                 * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
                 * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
                 *
                 * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
                 * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
                 * it's overridden.
                 *
                 * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
                 * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
                 * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
                 */
                function decimals() public view virtual returns (uint8) {
                    return 18;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
                 */
                function totalSupply() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    return _totalSupply;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
                 */
                function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    return _balances[account];
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
                 * - the caller must have a balance of at least `value`.
                 */
                function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
                    address owner = _msgSender();
                    _transfer(owner, to, value);
                    return true;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
                 */
                function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    return _allowances[owner][spender];
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
                 *
                 * NOTE: If `value` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
                 * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
                 */
                function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
                    address owner = _msgSender();
                    _approve(owner, spender, value);
                    return true;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
                 * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
                 *
                 * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
                 * is the maximum `uint256`.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
                 * - `from` must have a balance of at least `value`.
                 * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
                 * `value`.
                 */
                function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
                    address spender = _msgSender();
                    _spendAllowance(from, spender, value);
                    _transfer(from, to, value);
                    return true;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`.
                 *
                 * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
                 * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
                 *
                 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                 *
                 * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
                 */
                function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                    if (from == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
                    }
                    if (to == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
                    }
                    _update(from, to, value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Transfers a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if `from`
                 * (or `to`) is the zero address. All customizations to transfers, mints, and burns should be done by overriding
                 * this function.
                 *
                 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                 */
                function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual {
                    if (from == address(0)) {
                        // Overflow check required: The rest of the code assumes that totalSupply never overflows
                        _totalSupply += value;
                    } else {
                        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
                        if (fromBalance < value) {
                            revert ERC20InsufficientBalance(from, fromBalance, value);
                        }
                        unchecked {
                            // Overflow not possible: value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                            _balances[from] = fromBalance - value;
                        }
                    }
                    if (to == address(0)) {
                        unchecked {
                            // Overflow not possible: value <= totalSupply or value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                            _totalSupply -= value;
                        }
                    } else {
                        unchecked {
                            // Overflow not possible: balance + value is at most totalSupply, which we know fits into a uint256.
                            _balances[to] += value;
                        }
                    }
                    emit Transfer(from, to, value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Creates a `value` amount of tokens and assigns them to `account`, by transferring it from address(0).
                 * Relies on the `_update` mechanism
                 *
                 * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
                 *
                 * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
                 */
                function _mint(address account, uint256 value) internal {
                    if (account == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
                    }
                    _update(address(0), account, value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Destroys a `value` amount of tokens from `account`, lowering the total supply.
                 * Relies on the `_update` mechanism.
                 *
                 * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
                 *
                 * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead
                 */
                function _burn(address account, uint256 value) internal {
                    if (account == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
                    }
                    _update(account, address(0), value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
                 *
                 * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
                 * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Approval} event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
                 * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
                 *
                 * Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
                 */
                function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                    _approve(owner, spender, value, true);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Variant of {_approve} with an optional flag to enable or disable the {Approval} event.
                 *
                 * By default (when calling {_approve}) the flag is set to true. On the other hand, approval changes made by
                 * `_spendAllowance` during the `transferFrom` operation set the flag to false. This saves gas by not emitting any
                 * `Approval` event during `transferFrom` operations.
                 *
                 * Anyone who wishes to continue emitting `Approval` events on the`transferFrom` operation can force the flag to
                 * true using the following override:
                 * ```
                 * function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool) internal virtual override {
                 *     super._approve(owner, spender, value, true);
                 * }
                 * ```
                 *
                 * Requirements are the same as {_approve}.
                 */
                function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
                    if (owner == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC20InvalidApprover(address(0));
                    }
                    if (spender == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC20InvalidSpender(address(0));
                    }
                    _allowances[owner][spender] = value;
                    if (emitEvent) {
                        emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `value`.
                 *
                 * Does not update the allowance value in case of infinite allowance.
                 * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
                 *
                 * Does not emit an {Approval} event.
                 */
                function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal virtual {
                    uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
                    if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
                        if (currentAllowance < value) {
                            revert ERC20InsufficientAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, value);
                        }
                        unchecked {
                            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - value, false);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            import {IERC20Metadata} from "openzeppelin-contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
            interface IUsual is IERC20Metadata {
                /// @notice mint Usual token
                /// @dev Can only be called by USUAL_MINT role
                /// @param to address of the account who want to mint their token
                /// @param amount the amount of tokens to mint
                function mint(address to, uint256 amount) external;
                /// @notice burnFrom Usual token
                /// @dev Can only be called by USUAL_BURN role
                /// @param account address of the account who want to burn
                /// @param amount the amount of tokens to burn
                function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) external;
                /// @notice burn Usual token
                /// @dev Can only be called by USUAL_BURN role
                /// @param amount the amount of tokens to burn
                function burn(uint256 amount) external;
                /// @notice check if the account is blacklisted
                /// @param account address of the account to check
                /// @return bool
                function isBlacklisted(address account) external view returns (bool);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            import {IRegistryAccess} from "src/interfaces/registry/IRegistryAccess.sol";
            import {NotAuthorized} from "src/errors.sol";
            /// @title Check Access control library
            library CheckAccessControl {
                /// @dev Function to restrict to one access role.
                /// @param registryAccess The registry access contract.
                /// @param role The role being checked.
                function onlyMatchingRole(IRegistryAccess registryAccess, bytes32 role) internal view {
                    if (!registryAccess.hasRole(role, msg.sender)) {
                        revert NotAuthorized();
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            import {IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules} from
                "openzeppelin-contracts/access/extensions/IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules.sol";
            // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
            interface IRegistryAccess is IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules {}
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            interface IRegistryContract {
                function setContract(bytes32 name, address contractAddress) external;
                function getContract(bytes32 name) external view returns (address);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            /* Roles */
            bytes32 constant DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE = 0x00;
            bytes32 constant PAUSING_CONTRACTS_ROLE = keccak256("PAUSING_CONTRACTS_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant EARLY_BOND_UNLOCK_ROLE = keccak256("EARLY_BOND_UNLOCK_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant BLACKLIST_ROLE = keccak256("BLACKLIST_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant WHITELIST_ROLE = keccak256("WHITELIST_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant WITHDRAW_FEE_UPDATER_ROLE = keccak256("WITHDRAW_FEE_UPDATER_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant FLOOR_PRICE_UPDATER_ROLE = keccak256("FLOOR_PRICE_UPDATER_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant DAO_COLLATERAL = keccak256("DAO_COLLATERAL_CONTRACT");
            bytes32 constant USUALSP = keccak256("USUALSP_CONTRACT");
            bytes32 constant USD0_MINT = keccak256("USD0_MINT");
            bytes32 constant USD0_BURN = keccak256("USD0_BURN");
            bytes32 constant USD0PP_MINT = keccak256("USD0PP_MINT");
            bytes32 constant USD0PP_BURN = keccak256("USD0PP_BURN");
            bytes32 constant USUALS_BURN = keccak256("USUALS_BURN");
            bytes32 constant USUAL_MINT = keccak256("USUAL_MINT");
            bytes32 constant USUAL_BURN = keccak256("USUAL_BURN");
            bytes32 constant INTENT_MATCHING_ROLE = keccak256("INTENT_MATCHING_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant NONCE_THRESHOLD_SETTER_ROLE = keccak256("NONCE_THRESHOLD_SETTER_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant PEG_MAINTAINER_ROLE = keccak256("PEG_MAINTAINER_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant SWAPPER_ENGINE = keccak256("SWAPPER_ENGINE");
            bytes32 constant INTENT_TYPE_HASH = keccak256(
                "SwapIntent(address recipient,address rwaToken,uint256 amountInTokenDecimals,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)"
            );
            bytes32 constant DISTRIBUTION_ALLOCATOR_ROLE = keccak256("DISTRIBUTION_ALLOCATOR_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant DISTRIBUTION_OPERATOR_ROLE = keccak256("DISTRIBUTION_OPERATOR_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant DISTRIBUTION_CHALLENGER_ROLE = keccak256("DISTRIBUTION_CHALLENGER_ROLE");
            /* Airdrop Roles */
            bytes32 constant AIRDROP_OPERATOR_ROLE = keccak256("AIRDROP_OPERATOR_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant AIRDROP_PENALTY_OPERATOR_ROLE = keccak256("AIRDROP_PENALTY_OPERATOR_ROLE");
            bytes32 constant USUALSP_OPERATOR_ROLE = keccak256("USUALSP_OPERATOR_ROLE");
            /* Contracts */
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_REGISTRY_ACCESS = keccak256("CONTRACT_REGISTRY_ACCESS");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_DAO_COLLATERAL = keccak256("CONTRACT_DAO_COLLATERAL");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USD0PP = keccak256("CONTRACT_USD0PP");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USUALS = keccak256("CONTRACT_USUALS");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USUALSP = keccak256("CONTRACT_USUALSP");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_TOKEN_MAPPING = keccak256("CONTRACT_TOKEN_MAPPING");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_ORACLE = keccak256("CONTRACT_ORACLE");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_ORACLE_USUAL = keccak256("CONTRACT_ORACLE_USUAL");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_DATA_PUBLISHER = keccak256("CONTRACT_DATA_PUBLISHER");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_TREASURY = keccak256("CONTRACT_TREASURY");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_SWAPPER_ENGINE = keccak256("CONTRACT_SWAPPER_ENGINE");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_AIRDROP_DISTRIBUTION = keccak256("CONTRACT_AIRDROP_DISTRIBUTION");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_AIRDROP_TAX_COLLECTOR = keccak256("CONTRACT_AIRDROP_TAX_COLLECTOR");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_DISTRIBUTION_MODULE = keccak256("CONTRACT_DISTRIBUTION_MODULE");
            /* Contract tokens */
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USD0 = keccak256("CONTRACT_USD0");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USUAL = keccak256("CONTRACT_USUAL");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USDC = keccak256("CONTRACT_USDC");
            bytes32 constant CONTRACT_USUALX = keccak256("CONTRACT_USUALX");
            /* Token names and symbols */
            string constant USUALSSymbol = "USUAL*";
            string constant USUALSName = "USUAL Star";
            string constant USUALSymbol = "USUAL";
            string constant USUALName = "USUAL";
            string constant USUALXSymbol = "USUALX";
            string constant USUALXName = "USUALX";
            /* Constants */
            uint256 constant SCALAR_ONE = 1e18;
            uint256 constant BPS_SCALAR = 10_000; // 10000 basis points = 100%
            uint256 constant DISTRIBUTION_FREQUENCY_SCALAR = 1 days;
            uint256 constant SCALAR_TEN_KWEI = 10_000;
            uint256 constant MAX_REDEEM_FEE = 2500;
            uint256 constant MINIMUM_USDC_PROVIDED = 100e6; //minimum of 100 USDC deposit;
            // we take 12sec as the average block time
            // 1 year = 3600sec * 24 hours * 365 days * 4 years  = 126_144_000 + 1 day // adding a leap day
            uint256 constant BOND_DURATION_FOUR_YEAR = 126_230_400; //including a leap day;
            uint256 constant USUAL_DISTRIBUTION_CHALLENGE_PERIOD = 1 weeks;
            uint256 constant BASIS_POINT_BASE = 10_000;
            uint256 constant VESTING_DURATION_THREE_YEARS = 94_608_000; // 3 years
            uint256 constant USUALSP_VESTING_STARTING_DATE = 1_731_412_800; // November 12th 12H GMT: 1731412800
            uint256 constant AIRDROP_INITIAL_START_TIME = 1_734_004_800; // Dec 12 2024 12:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant AIRDROP_VESTING_DURATION_IN_MONTHS = 6;
            uint256 constant ONE_YEAR = 31_536_000; // 365 days
            uint256 constant SIX_MONTHS = 15_768_000;
            uint256 constant ONE_MONTH = 2_628_000; // ONE_YEAR / 12 = 30,4 days
            uint64 constant ONE_WEEK = 604_800;
            uint256 constant NUMBER_OF_MONTHS_IN_THREE_YEARS = 36;
            uint256 constant END_OF_EARLY_UNLOCK_PERIOD = 1_735_686_000; // 31st Dec 2024 23:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant FIRST_AIRDROP_VESTING_CLAIMING_DATE = 1_736_683_200; // 12th Jan 2025 12:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant SECOND_AIRDROP_VESTING_CLAIMING_DATE = 1_739_361_600; // 12th Feb 2025 12:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant THIRD_AIRDROP_VESTING_CLAIMING_DATE = 1_741_780_800; // 12th Mar 2025 12:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant FOURTH_AIRDROP_VESTING_CLAIMING_DATE = 1_744_459_200; // 12th Apr 2025 12:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant FIFTH_AIRDROP_VESTING_CLAIMING_DATE = 1_747_051_200; // 12th May 2025 12:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant SIXTH_AIRDROP_VESTING_CLAIMING_DATE = 1_749_729_600; // 12th Jun 2025 12:00:00 GMT+0000
            uint256 constant INITIAL_FLOOR_PRICE = 999_000_000_000_000_000;
            /* UsualX initial withdraw fee */
            uint256 constant USUALX_WITHDRAW_FEE = 500; // in BPS 5%
            /* Usual Distribution Bucket Distribution Shares */
            uint256 constant LBT_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 4044;
            uint256 constant LYT_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 2256;
            uint256 constant IYT_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 400;
            uint256 constant BRIBE_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 400;
            uint256 constant ECO_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 250;
            uint256 constant DAO_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 300;
            uint256 constant MARKET_MAKERS_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 350;
            uint256 constant USUALX_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 1000;
            uint256 constant USUALSTAR_DISTRIBUTION_SHARE = 1000;
            uint256 constant ONE_USDC = 1e6;
            uint256 constant MAX_25_PERCENT_WITHDRAW_FEE = 2500; // 25% fee
            uint256 constant YIELD_PRECISION = 1 days;
            uint256 constant USUALS_TOTAL_SUPPLY = 360_000_000e18;
            /* Token Addresses */
            address constant USYC = 0x136471a34f6ef19fE571EFFC1CA711fdb8E49f2b;
            /*
             * The maximum relative price difference between two oracle responses allowed in order for the PriceFeed
             * to return to using the Oracle oracle. 18-digit precision.
             */
            uint256 constant INITIAL_MAX_DEPEG_THRESHOLD = 100;
            /* Maximum number of RWA tokens that can be associated with USD0 */
            uint256 constant MAX_RWA_COUNT = 10;
            /* Curvepool Addresses */
            address constant CURVE_POOL_USD0_USD0PP = 0x1d08E7adC263CfC70b1BaBe6dC5Bb339c16Eec52;
            int128 constant CURVE_POOL_USD0_USD0PP_INTEGER_FOR_USD0 = 0;
            int128 constant CURVE_POOL_USD0_USD0PP_INTEGER_FOR_USD0PP = 1;
            /* Airdrop */
            uint256 constant AIRDROP_CLAIMING_PERIOD_LENGTH = 182 days;
            /* Distribution */
            uint256 constant RATE0 = 545; // 5.45% in basis points
            /* Hexagate */
            address constant HEXAGATE_PAUSER = 0x114644925eD9A6Ab20bF85f36F1a458DF181b57B;
            /* Mainnet Usual Deployment */
            address constant USUAL_MULTISIG_MAINNET = 0x6e9d65eC80D69b1f508560Bc7aeA5003db1f7FB7;
            address constant USUAL_PROXY_ADMIN_MAINNET = 0xaaDa24358620d4638a2eE8788244c6F4b197Ca16;
            address constant REGISTRY_CONTRACT_MAINNET = 0x0594cb5ca47eFE1Ff25C7B8B43E221683B4Db34c;
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            error AlreadyClaimed();
            error NothingToClaim();
            error AlreadyWhitelisted();
            error AmountTooBig();
            error AmountTooLow();
            error AmountIsZero();
            error Blacklisted();
            error NotWhitelisted();
            error Empty();
            error ExpiredSignature(uint256 deadline);
            error SameValue();
            error Invalid();
            error InvalidInput();
            error InvalidToken();
            error InvalidName();
            error InvalidSigner(address owner);
            error InvalidDeadline(uint256 approvalDeadline, uint256 intentDeadline);
            error NoOrdersIdsProvided();
            error InvalidSymbol();
            error InvalidLength();
            error InvalidInputArraysLength();
            error LockedOffer();
            error NotAuthorized();
            error NotClaimableYet();
            error NullAddress();
            error NullContract();
            error OracleNotWorkingNotCurrent();
            error OracleNotInitialized();
            error OutOfBounds();
            error InvalidTimeout();
            error RedeemMustNotBePaused();
            error RedeemMustBePaused();
            error SwapMustNotBePaused();
            error SwapMustBePaused();
            error StablecoinDepeg();
            error DepegThresholdTooHigh();
            error TokenNotWhitelist();
            error BondNotStarted();
            error BondFinished();
            error BondNotFinished();
            error CliffBiggerThanDuration();
            error BeginInPast();
            error EndTimeBeforeStartTime();
            error StartTimeInPast();
            error AlreadyStarted();
            error InitialStartTimeAfterVestingStartTime();
            error CBRIsTooHigh();
            error CBRIsNull();
            error RedeemFeeTooBig();
            error CancelFeeTooBig();
            error MinterRewardTooBig();
            error CollateralProviderRewardTooBig();
            error DistributionRatioInvalid();
            error TooManyRWA();
            error FailingTransfer();
            error InsufficientUSD0Balance();
            error InsufficientUsualSAllocation();
            error InsufficientUsualSLiquidAllocation();
            error CannotReduceAllocation();
            error USDCAmountNotFullyMatched();
            error OrderNotActive();
            error NotRequester();
            error InsufficientUSD0Allowance();
            error ApprovalFailed();
            error AmountExceedBacking();
            error InvalidOrderAmount(address account, uint256 amount);
            error PARNotRequired();
            error PARNotSuccessful();
            error PARUSD0InputExceedsBalance();
            error NullMerkleRoot();
            error InvalidProof();
            error PercentagesSumNotEqualTo100Percent();
            error CannotDistributeUsualMoreThanOnceADay();
            error NoOffChainDistributionToApprove();
            error NoTokensToClaim();
            error InvalidOrderId(uint80 roundId);
            error NotOwner();
            error InvalidClaimingPeriodStartDate();
            error InvalidMaxChargeableTax();
            error NotInClaimingPeriod();
            error ClaimerHasPaidTax();
            error ZeroYieldAmount();
            error StartTimeNotInFuture();
            error StartTimeBeforePeriodFinish();
            error CurrentTimeBeforePeriodFinish();
            error EndTimeNotAfterStartTime();
            error InsufficientAssetsForYield();
            error NotPermittedToEarlyUnlock();
            error OutsideEarlyUnlockTimeframe();
            error AirdropVoided();
            error FloorPriceTooHigh();
            error AmountMustBeGreaterThanZero();
            error InsufficientUsd0ppBalance();
            error FloorPriceNotSet();
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Pausable.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {ERC20Upgradeable} from "../ERC20Upgradeable.sol";
            import {PausableUpgradeable} from "../../../utils/PausableUpgradeable.sol";
            import {Initializable} from "../../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev ERC20 token with pausable token transfers, minting and burning.
             *
             * Useful for scenarios such as preventing trades until the end of an evaluation
             * period, or having an emergency switch for freezing all token transfers in the
             * event of a large bug.
             *
             * IMPORTANT: This contract does not include public pause and unpause functions. In
             * addition to inheriting this contract, you must define both functions, invoking the
             * {Pausable-_pause} and {Pausable-_unpause} internal functions, with appropriate
             * access control, e.g. using {AccessControl} or {Ownable}. Not doing so will
             * make the contract pause mechanism of the contract unreachable, and thus unusable.
             */
            abstract contract ERC20PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ERC20Upgradeable, PausableUpgradeable {
                function __ERC20Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                    __Pausable_init_unchained();
                }
                function __ERC20Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {ERC20-_update}.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the contract must not be paused.
                 */
                function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual override whenNotPaused {
                    super._update(from, to, value);
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Permit.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IERC20Permit} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
            import {ERC20Upgradeable} from "../ERC20Upgradeable.sol";
            import {ECDSA} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";
            import {EIP712Upgradeable} from "../../../utils/cryptography/EIP712Upgradeable.sol";
            import {NoncesUpgradeable} from "../../../utils/NoncesUpgradeable.sol";
            import {Initializable} from "../../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Implementation of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
             *
             * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
             * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on `{IERC20-approve}`, the token holder account doesn't
             * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
             */
            abstract contract ERC20PermitUpgradeable is Initializable, ERC20Upgradeable, IERC20Permit, EIP712Upgradeable, NoncesUpgradeable {
                bytes32 private constant PERMIT_TYPEHASH =
                    keccak256("Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");
                /**
                 * @dev Permit deadline has expired.
                 */
                error ERC2612ExpiredSignature(uint256 deadline);
                /**
                 * @dev Mismatched signature.
                 */
                error ERC2612InvalidSigner(address signer, address owner);
                /**
                 * @dev Initializes the {EIP712} domain separator using the `name` parameter, and setting `version` to `"1"`.
                 *
                 * It's a good idea to use the same `name` that is defined as the ERC20 token name.
                 */
                function __ERC20Permit_init(string memory name) internal onlyInitializing {
                    __EIP712_init_unchained(name, "1");
                }
                function __ERC20Permit_init_unchained(string memory) internal onlyInitializing {}
                /**
                 * @inheritdoc IERC20Permit
                 */
                function permit(
                    address owner,
                    address spender,
                    uint256 value,
                    uint256 deadline,
                    uint8 v,
                    bytes32 r,
                    bytes32 s
                ) public virtual {
                    if (block.timestamp > deadline) {
                        revert ERC2612ExpiredSignature(deadline);
                    }
                    bytes32 structHash = keccak256(abi.encode(PERMIT_TYPEHASH, owner, spender, value, _useNonce(owner), deadline));
                    bytes32 hash = _hashTypedDataV4(structHash);
                    address signer = ECDSA.recover(hash, v, r, s);
                    if (signer != owner) {
                        revert ERC2612InvalidSigner(signer, owner);
                    }
                    _approve(owner, spender, value);
                }
                /**
                 * @inheritdoc IERC20Permit
                 */
                function nonces(address owner) public view virtual override(IERC20Permit, NoncesUpgradeable) returns (uint256) {
                    return super.nonces(owner);
                }
                /**
                 * @inheritdoc IERC20Permit
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
                function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view virtual returns (bytes32) {
                    return _domainSeparatorV4();
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
             */
            interface IERC20 {
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
                 * another (`to`).
                 *
                 * Note that `value` may be zero.
                 */
                event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
                 * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
                 */
                event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
                 */
                function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
                 */
                function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
                /**
                 * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
                 *
                 * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                 *
                 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                 */
                function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
                 * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
                 * zero by default.
                 *
                 * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
                 */
                function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
                /**
                 * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
                 * caller's tokens.
                 *
                 * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
                 * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
                 * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
                 * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
                 * desired value afterwards:
                 * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
                 *
                 * Emits an {Approval} event.
                 */
                function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
                /**
                 * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
                 * allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
                 * allowance.
                 *
                 * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                 *
                 * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                 */
                function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
             *
             * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
             * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
             * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
             *
             * ==== Security Considerations
             *
             * There are two important considerations concerning the use of `permit`. The first is that a valid permit signature
             * expresses an allowance, and it should not be assumed to convey additional meaning. In particular, it should not be
             * considered as an intention to spend the allowance in any specific way. The second is that because permits have
             * built-in replay protection and can be submitted by anyone, they can be frontrun. A protocol that uses permits should
             * take this into consideration and allow a `permit` call to fail. Combining these two aspects, a pattern that may be
             * generally recommended is:
             *
             * ```solidity
             * function doThingWithPermit(..., uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public {
             *     try token.permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s) {} catch {}
             *     doThing(..., value);
             * }
             *
             * function doThing(..., uint256 value) public {
             *     token.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), value);
             *     ...
             * }
             * ```
             *
             * Observe that: 1) `msg.sender` is used as the owner, leaving no ambiguity as to the signer intent, and 2) the use of
             * `try/catch` allows the permit to fail and makes the code tolerant to frontrunning. (See also
             * {SafeERC20-safeTransferFrom}).
             *
             * Additionally, note that smart contract wallets (such as Argent or Safe) are not able to produce permit signatures, so
             * contracts should have entry points that don't rely on permit.
             */
            interface IERC20Permit {
                /**
                 * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
                 * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
                 * ordering also apply here.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Approval} event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
                 * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
                 * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
                 * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
                 * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
                 *
                 * For more information on the signature format, see the
                 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
                 * section].
                 *
                 * CAUTION: See Security Considerations above.
                 */
                function permit(
                    address owner,
                    address spender,
                    uint256 value,
                    uint256 deadline,
                    uint8 v,
                    bytes32 r,
                    bytes32 s
                ) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
                 * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
                 *
                 * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
                 * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
                 */
                function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
                function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Address.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
             */
            library Address {
                /**
                 * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
                 */
                error AddressInsufficientBalance(address account);
                /**
                 * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
                 */
                error AddressEmptyCode(address target);
                /**
                 * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
                 */
                error FailedInnerCall();
                /**
                 * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                 * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                 *
                 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                 * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                 * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                 * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                 *
                 * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                 * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                 * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                 * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                 */
                function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                    if (address(this).balance < amount) {
                        revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
                    }
                    (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                    if (!success) {
                        revert FailedInnerCall();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                 * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                 * function instead.
                 *
                 * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
                 * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
                 * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
                 * {FailedInnerCall} error.
                 *
                 * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                 * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `target` must be a contract.
                 * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                 */
                function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                 * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                 */
                function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (address(this).balance < value) {
                        revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
                    }
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but performing a static call.
                 */
                function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but performing a delegate call.
                 */
                function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
                 * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {FailedInnerCall}) in case of an
                 * unsuccessful call.
                 */
                function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                    address target,
                    bool success,
                    bytes memory returndata
                ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (!success) {
                        _revert(returndata);
                    } else {
                        // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                        // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                        if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                            revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
                        }
                        return returndata;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
                 * revert reason or with a default {FailedInnerCall} error.
                 */
                function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (!success) {
                        _revert(returndata);
                    } else {
                        return returndata;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {FailedInnerCall}.
                 */
                function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
                    // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                    if (returndata.length > 0) {
                        // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                        assembly {
                            let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                            revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                        }
                    } else {
                        revert FailedInnerCall();
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
             */
            interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the name of the token.
                 */
                function name() external view returns (string memory);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
                 */
                function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
                 */
                function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
             * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
             * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
             * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
             * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
             * is concerned).
             *
             * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
             */
            abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
                function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                }
                function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
                }
                function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
                    return msg.sender;
                }
                function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
                    return msg.data;
                }
                function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    return 0;
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Standard ERC20 Errors
             * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC20 tokens.
             */
            interface IERC20Errors {
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
                 * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
                 * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
                 * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
                 */
                error ERC20InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
                 * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
                 */
                error ERC20InvalidSender(address sender);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
                 * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
                 */
                error ERC20InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender`’s `allowance`. Used in transfers.
                 * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
                 * @param allowance Amount of tokens a `spender` is allowed to operate with.
                 * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
                 */
                error ERC20InsufficientAllowance(address spender, uint256 allowance, uint256 needed);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
                 * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
                 */
                error ERC20InvalidApprover(address approver);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender` to be approved. Used in approvals.
                 * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
                 */
                error ERC20InvalidSpender(address spender);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Standard ERC721 Errors
             * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC721 tokens.
             */
            interface IERC721Errors {
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates that an address can't be an owner. For example, `address(0)` is a forbidden owner in EIP-20.
                 * Used in balance queries.
                 * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
                 */
                error ERC721InvalidOwner(address owner);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a `tokenId` whose `owner` is the zero address.
                 * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
                 */
                error ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256 tokenId);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates an error related to the ownership over a particular token. Used in transfers.
                 * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
                 * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
                 * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
                 */
                error ERC721IncorrectOwner(address sender, uint256 tokenId, address owner);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
                 * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
                 */
                error ERC721InvalidSender(address sender);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
                 * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
                 */
                error ERC721InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
                 * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
                 * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
                 */
                error ERC721InsufficientApproval(address operator, uint256 tokenId);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
                 * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
                 */
                error ERC721InvalidApprover(address approver);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
                 * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
                 */
                error ERC721InvalidOperator(address operator);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Standard ERC1155 Errors
             * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC1155 tokens.
             */
            interface IERC1155Errors {
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
                 * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
                 * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
                 * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
                 * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
                 */
                error ERC1155InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed, uint256 tokenId);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
                 * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
                 */
                error ERC1155InvalidSender(address sender);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
                 * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
                 */
                error ERC1155InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
                 * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
                 * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
                 */
                error ERC1155MissingApprovalForAll(address operator, address owner);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
                 * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
                 */
                error ERC1155InvalidApprover(address approver);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
                 * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
                 */
                error ERC1155InvalidOperator(address operator);
                /**
                 * @dev Indicates an array length mismatch between ids and values in a safeBatchTransferFrom operation.
                 * Used in batch transfers.
                 * @param idsLength Length of the array of token identifiers
                 * @param valuesLength Length of the array of token amounts
                 */
                error ERC1155InvalidArrayLength(uint256 idsLength, uint256 valuesLength);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
             * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
             * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
             * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
             *
             * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
             * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
             * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
             *
             * For example:
             *
             * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
             * ```solidity
             * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
             *     function initialize() initializer public {
             *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
             *     }
             * }
             *
             * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
             *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
             *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
             *     }
             * }
             * ```
             *
             * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
             * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
             *
             * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
             * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
             *
             * [CAUTION]
             * ====
             * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
             *
             * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
             * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
             * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
             *
             * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
             * ```
             * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
             * constructor() {
             *     _disableInitializers();
             * }
             * ```
             * ====
             */
            abstract contract Initializable {
                /**
                 * @dev Storage of the initializable contract.
                 *
                 * It's implemented on a custom ERC-7201 namespace to reduce the risk of storage collisions
                 * when using with upgradeable contracts.
                 *
                 * @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Initializable
                 */
                struct InitializableStorage {
                    /**
                     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
                     */
                    uint64 _initialized;
                    /**
                     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
                     */
                    bool _initializing;
                }
                // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Initializable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
                bytes32 private constant INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE = 0xf0c57e16840df040f15088dc2f81fe391c3923bec73e23a9662efc9c229c6a00;
                /**
                 * @dev The contract is already initialized.
                 */
                error InvalidInitialization();
                /**
                 * @dev The contract is not initializing.
                 */
                error NotInitializing();
                /**
                 * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
                 */
                event Initialized(uint64 version);
                /**
                 * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
                 * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
                 *
                 * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that in the context of a constructor an `initializer` may be invoked any
                 * number of times. This behavior in the constructor can be useful during testing and is not expected to be used in
                 * production.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Initialized} event.
                 */
                modifier initializer() {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
                    InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();
                    // Cache values to avoid duplicated sloads
                    bool isTopLevelCall = !$._initializing;
                    uint64 initialized = $._initialized;
                    // Allowed calls:
                    // - initialSetup: the contract is not in the initializing state and no previous version was
                    //                 initialized
                    // - construction: the contract is initialized at version 1 (no reininitialization) and the
                    //                 current contract is just being deployed
                    bool initialSetup = initialized == 0 && isTopLevelCall;
                    bool construction = initialized == 1 && address(this).code.length == 0;
                    if (!initialSetup && !construction) {
                        revert InvalidInitialization();
                    }
                    $._initialized = 1;
                    if (isTopLevelCall) {
                        $._initializing = true;
                    }
                    _;
                    if (isTopLevelCall) {
                        $._initializing = false;
                        emit Initialized(1);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
                 * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
                 * used to initialize parent contracts.
                 *
                 * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
                 * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
                 *
                 * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
                 * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
                 *
                 * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
                 * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
                 *
                 * WARNING: Setting the version to 2**64 - 1 will prevent any future reinitialization.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Initialized} event.
                 */
                modifier reinitializer(uint64 version) {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
                    InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();
                    if ($._initializing || $._initialized >= version) {
                        revert InvalidInitialization();
                    }
                    $._initialized = version;
                    $._initializing = true;
                    _;
                    $._initializing = false;
                    emit Initialized(version);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
                 * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
                 */
                modifier onlyInitializing() {
                    _checkInitializing();
                    _;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Reverts if the contract is not in an initializing state. See {onlyInitializing}.
                 */
                function _checkInitializing() internal view virtual {
                    if (!_isInitializing()) {
                        revert NotInitializing();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
                 * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
                 * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
                 * through proxies.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
                 */
                function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
                    InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();
                    if ($._initializing) {
                        revert InvalidInitialization();
                    }
                    if ($._initialized != type(uint64).max) {
                        $._initialized = type(uint64).max;
                        emit Initialized(type(uint64).max);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
                 */
                function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint64) {
                    return _getInitializableStorage()._initialized;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
                 */
                function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
                    return _getInitializableStorage()._initializing;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns a pointer to the storage namespace.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
                function _getInitializableStorage() private pure returns (InitializableStorage storage $) {
                    assembly {
                        $.slot := INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
             * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
             * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
             * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
             * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
             * is concerned).
             *
             * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
             */
            abstract contract Context {
                function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
                    return msg.sender;
                }
                function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
                    return msg.data;
                }
                function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    return 0;
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/extensions/IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IAccessControl} from "../IAccessControl.sol";
            /**
             * @dev External interface of AccessControlDefaultAdminRules declared to support ERC165 detection.
             */
            interface IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules is IAccessControl {
                /**
                 * @dev The new default admin is not a valid default admin.
                 */
                error AccessControlInvalidDefaultAdmin(address defaultAdmin);
                /**
                 * @dev At least one of the following rules was violated:
                 *
                 * - The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` must only be managed by itself.
                 * - The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` must only be held by one account at the time.
                 * - Any `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` transfer must be in two delayed steps.
                 */
                error AccessControlEnforcedDefaultAdminRules();
                /**
                 * @dev The delay for transferring the default admin delay is enforced and
                 * the operation must wait until `schedule`.
                 *
                 * NOTE: `schedule` can be 0 indicating there's no transfer scheduled.
                 */
                error AccessControlEnforcedDefaultAdminDelay(uint48 schedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when a {defaultAdmin} transfer is started, setting `newAdmin` as the next
                 * address to become the {defaultAdmin} by calling {acceptDefaultAdminTransfer} only after `acceptSchedule`
                 * passes.
                 */
                event DefaultAdminTransferScheduled(address indexed newAdmin, uint48 acceptSchedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when a {pendingDefaultAdmin} is reset if it was never accepted, regardless of its schedule.
                 */
                event DefaultAdminTransferCanceled();
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when a {defaultAdminDelay} change is started, setting `newDelay` as the next
                 * delay to be applied between default admin transfer after `effectSchedule` has passed.
                 */
                event DefaultAdminDelayChangeScheduled(uint48 newDelay, uint48 effectSchedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when a {pendingDefaultAdminDelay} is reset if its schedule didn't pass.
                 */
                event DefaultAdminDelayChangeCanceled();
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the address of the current `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` holder.
                 */
                function defaultAdmin() external view returns (address);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns a tuple of a `newAdmin` and an accept schedule.
                 *
                 * After the `schedule` passes, the `newAdmin` will be able to accept the {defaultAdmin} role
                 * by calling {acceptDefaultAdminTransfer}, completing the role transfer.
                 *
                 * A zero value only in `acceptSchedule` indicates no pending admin transfer.
                 *
                 * NOTE: A zero address `newAdmin` means that {defaultAdmin} is being renounced.
                 */
                function pendingDefaultAdmin() external view returns (address newAdmin, uint48 acceptSchedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the delay required to schedule the acceptance of a {defaultAdmin} transfer started.
                 *
                 * This delay will be added to the current timestamp when calling {beginDefaultAdminTransfer} to set
                 * the acceptance schedule.
                 *
                 * NOTE: If a delay change has been scheduled, it will take effect as soon as the schedule passes, making this
                 * function returns the new delay. See {changeDefaultAdminDelay}.
                 */
                function defaultAdminDelay() external view returns (uint48);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns a tuple of `newDelay` and an effect schedule.
                 *
                 * After the `schedule` passes, the `newDelay` will get into effect immediately for every
                 * new {defaultAdmin} transfer started with {beginDefaultAdminTransfer}.
                 *
                 * A zero value only in `effectSchedule` indicates no pending delay change.
                 *
                 * NOTE: A zero value only for `newDelay` means that the next {defaultAdminDelay}
                 * will be zero after the effect schedule.
                 */
                function pendingDefaultAdminDelay() external view returns (uint48 newDelay, uint48 effectSchedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Starts a {defaultAdmin} transfer by setting a {pendingDefaultAdmin} scheduled for acceptance
                 * after the current timestamp plus a {defaultAdminDelay}.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the current {defaultAdmin}.
                 *
                 * Emits a DefaultAdminRoleChangeStarted event.
                 */
                function beginDefaultAdminTransfer(address newAdmin) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Cancels a {defaultAdmin} transfer previously started with {beginDefaultAdminTransfer}.
                 *
                 * A {pendingDefaultAdmin} not yet accepted can also be cancelled with this function.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the current {defaultAdmin}.
                 *
                 * May emit a DefaultAdminTransferCanceled event.
                 */
                function cancelDefaultAdminTransfer() external;
                /**
                 * @dev Completes a {defaultAdmin} transfer previously started with {beginDefaultAdminTransfer}.
                 *
                 * After calling the function:
                 *
                 * - `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` should be granted to the caller.
                 * - `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` should be revoked from the previous holder.
                 * - {pendingDefaultAdmin} should be reset to zero values.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the {pendingDefaultAdmin}'s `newAdmin`.
                 * - The {pendingDefaultAdmin}'s `acceptSchedule` should've passed.
                 */
                function acceptDefaultAdminTransfer() external;
                /**
                 * @dev Initiates a {defaultAdminDelay} update by setting a {pendingDefaultAdminDelay} scheduled for getting
                 * into effect after the current timestamp plus a {defaultAdminDelay}.
                 *
                 * This function guarantees that any call to {beginDefaultAdminTransfer} done between the timestamp this
                 * method is called and the {pendingDefaultAdminDelay} effect schedule will use the current {defaultAdminDelay}
                 * set before calling.
                 *
                 * The {pendingDefaultAdminDelay}'s effect schedule is defined in a way that waiting until the schedule and then
                 * calling {beginDefaultAdminTransfer} with the new delay will take at least the same as another {defaultAdmin}
                 * complete transfer (including acceptance).
                 *
                 * The schedule is designed for two scenarios:
                 *
                 * - When the delay is changed for a larger one the schedule is `block.timestamp + newDelay` capped by
                 * {defaultAdminDelayIncreaseWait}.
                 * - When the delay is changed for a shorter one, the schedule is `block.timestamp + (current delay - new delay)`.
                 *
                 * A {pendingDefaultAdminDelay} that never got into effect will be canceled in favor of a new scheduled change.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the current {defaultAdmin}.
                 *
                 * Emits a DefaultAdminDelayChangeScheduled event and may emit a DefaultAdminDelayChangeCanceled event.
                 */
                function changeDefaultAdminDelay(uint48 newDelay) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Cancels a scheduled {defaultAdminDelay} change.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the current {defaultAdmin}.
                 *
                 * May emit a DefaultAdminDelayChangeCanceled event.
                 */
                function rollbackDefaultAdminDelay() external;
                /**
                 * @dev Maximum time in seconds for an increase to {defaultAdminDelay} (that is scheduled using {changeDefaultAdminDelay})
                 * to take effect. Default to 5 days.
                 *
                 * When the {defaultAdminDelay} is scheduled to be increased, it goes into effect after the new delay has passed with
                 * the purpose of giving enough time for reverting any accidental change (i.e. using milliseconds instead of seconds)
                 * that may lock the contract. However, to avoid excessive schedules, the wait is capped by this function and it can
                 * be overrode for a custom {defaultAdminDelay} increase scheduling.
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: Make sure to add a reasonable amount of time while overriding this value, otherwise,
                 * there's a risk of setting a high new delay that goes into effect almost immediately without the
                 * possibility of human intervention in the case of an input error (eg. set milliseconds instead of seconds).
                 */
                function defaultAdminDelayIncreaseWait() external view returns (uint48);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Pausable.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {ContextUpgradeable} from "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
            import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
             * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
             *
             * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
             * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
             * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
             * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
             */
            abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
                /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Pausable
                struct PausableStorage {
                    bool _paused;
                }
                // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Pausable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
                bytes32 private constant PausableStorageLocation = 0xcd5ed15c6e187e77e9aee88184c21f4f2182ab5827cb3b7e07fbedcd63f03300;
                function _getPausableStorage() private pure returns (PausableStorage storage $) {
                    assembly {
                        $.slot := PausableStorageLocation
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
                 */
                event Paused(address account);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
                 */
                event Unpaused(address account);
                /**
                 * @dev The operation failed because the contract is paused.
                 */
                error EnforcedPause();
                /**
                 * @dev The operation failed because the contract is not paused.
                 */
                error ExpectedPause();
                /**
                 * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
                 */
                function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                    __Pausable_init_unchained();
                }
                function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
                    PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
                    $._paused = false;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - The contract must not be paused.
                 */
                modifier whenNotPaused() {
                    _requireNotPaused();
                    _;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - The contract must be paused.
                 */
                modifier whenPaused() {
                    _requirePaused();
                    _;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
                 */
                function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
                    PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
                    return $._paused;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
                 */
                function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
                    if (paused()) {
                        revert EnforcedPause();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
                 */
                function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
                    if (!paused()) {
                        revert ExpectedPause();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Triggers stopped state.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - The contract must not be paused.
                 */
                function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
                    PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
                    $._paused = true;
                    emit Paused(_msgSender());
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns to normal state.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - The contract must be paused.
                 */
                function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
                    PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
                    $._paused = false;
                    emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
             *
             * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
             * of the private keys of a given address.
             */
            library ECDSA {
                enum RecoverError {
                    NoError,
                    InvalidSignature,
                    InvalidSignatureLength,
                    InvalidSignatureS
                }
                /**
                 * @dev The signature derives the `address(0)`.
                 */
                error ECDSAInvalidSignature();
                /**
                 * @dev The signature has an invalid length.
                 */
                error ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength(uint256 length);
                /**
                 * @dev The signature has an S value that is in the upper half order.
                 */
                error ECDSAInvalidSignatureS(bytes32 s);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with `signature` or an error. This will not
                 * return address(0) without also returning an error description. Errors are documented using an enum (error type)
                 * and a bytes32 providing additional information about the error.
                 *
                 * If no error is returned, then the address can be used for verification purposes.
                 *
                 * The `ecrecover` EVM precompile allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
                 * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
                 * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
                 * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
                 * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
                 * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
                 * be too long), and then calling {MessageHashUtils-toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
                 *
                 * Documentation for signature generation:
                 * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
                 * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
                 */
                function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
                    if (signature.length == 65) {
                        bytes32 r;
                        bytes32 s;
                        uint8 v;
                        // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
                        // currently is to use assembly.
                        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                        assembly {
                            r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                            s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                            v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
                        }
                        return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
                    } else {
                        return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength, bytes32(signature.length));
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
                 * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
                 *
                 * The `ecrecover` EVM precompile allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
                 * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
                 * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
                 * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
                 * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
                 * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
                 * be too long), and then calling {MessageHashUtils-toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
                 */
                function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
                    (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
                    _throwError(error, errorArg);
                    return recovered;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
                 *
                 * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
                 */
                function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
                    unchecked {
                        bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
                        // We do not check for an overflow here since the shift operation results in 0 or 1.
                        uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
                        return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
                 */
                function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address) {
                    (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
                    _throwError(error, errorArg);
                    return recovered;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
                 * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
                 */
                function tryRecover(
                    bytes32 hash,
                    uint8 v,
                    bytes32 r,
                    bytes32 s
                ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
                    // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
                    // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
                    // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
                    // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
                    //
                    // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
                    // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
                    // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
                    // these malleable signatures as well.
                    if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
                        return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS, s);
                    }
                    // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
                    address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
                    if (signer == address(0)) {
                        return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature, bytes32(0));
                    }
                    return (signer, RecoverError.NoError, bytes32(0));
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
                 * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
                 */
                function recover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address) {
                    (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
                    _throwError(error, errorArg);
                    return recovered;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Optionally reverts with the corresponding custom error according to the `error` argument provided.
                 */
                function _throwError(RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) private pure {
                    if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
                        return; // no error: do nothing
                    } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
                        revert ECDSAInvalidSignature();
                    } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
                        revert ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength(uint256(errorArg));
                    } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
                        revert ECDSAInvalidSignatureS(errorArg);
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {MessageHashUtils} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MessageHashUtils.sol";
            import {IERC5267} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC5267.sol";
            import {Initializable} from "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712] is a standard for hashing and signing of typed structured data.
             *
             * The encoding scheme specified in the EIP requires a domain separator and a hash of the typed structured data, whose
             * encoding is very generic and therefore its implementation in Solidity is not feasible, thus this contract
             * does not implement the encoding itself. Protocols need to implement the type-specific encoding they need in order to
             * produce the hash of their typed data using a combination of `abi.encode` and `keccak256`.
             *
             * This contract implements the EIP 712 domain separator ({_domainSeparatorV4}) that is used as part of the encoding
             * scheme, and the final step of the encoding to obtain the message digest that is then signed via ECDSA
             * ({_hashTypedDataV4}).
             *
             * The implementation of the domain separator was designed to be as efficient as possible while still properly updating
             * the chain id to protect against replay attacks on an eventual fork of the chain.
             *
             * NOTE: This contract implements the version of the encoding known as "v4", as implemented by the JSON RPC method
             * https://docs.metamask.io/guide/signing-data.html[`eth_signTypedDataV4` in MetaMask].
             *
             * NOTE: In the upgradeable version of this contract, the cached values will correspond to the address, and the domain
             * separator of the implementation contract. This will cause the {_domainSeparatorV4} function to always rebuild the
             * separator from the immutable values, which is cheaper than accessing a cached version in cold storage.
             */
            abstract contract EIP712Upgradeable is Initializable, IERC5267 {
                bytes32 private constant TYPE_HASH =
                    keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)");
                /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.EIP712
                struct EIP712Storage {
                    /// @custom:oz-renamed-from _HASHED_NAME
                    bytes32 _hashedName;
                    /// @custom:oz-renamed-from _HASHED_VERSION
                    bytes32 _hashedVersion;
                    string _name;
                    string _version;
                }
                // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.EIP712")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
                bytes32 private constant EIP712StorageLocation = 0xa16a46d94261c7517cc8ff89f61c0ce93598e3c849801011dee649a6a557d100;
                function _getEIP712Storage() private pure returns (EIP712Storage storage $) {
                    assembly {
                        $.slot := EIP712StorageLocation
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Initializes the domain separator and parameter caches.
                 *
                 * The meaning of `name` and `version` is specified in
                 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-domainseparator[EIP 712]:
                 *
                 * - `name`: the user readable name of the signing domain, i.e. the name of the DApp or the protocol.
                 * - `version`: the current major version of the signing domain.
                 *
                 * NOTE: These parameters cannot be changed except through a xref:learn::upgrading-smart-contracts.adoc[smart
                 * contract upgrade].
                 */
                function __EIP712_init(string memory name, string memory version) internal onlyInitializing {
                    __EIP712_init_unchained(name, version);
                }
                function __EIP712_init_unchained(string memory name, string memory version) internal onlyInitializing {
                    EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
                    $._name = name;
                    $._version = version;
                    // Reset prior values in storage if upgrading
                    $._hashedName = 0;
                    $._hashedVersion = 0;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the domain separator for the current chain.
                 */
                function _domainSeparatorV4() internal view returns (bytes32) {
                    return _buildDomainSeparator();
                }
                function _buildDomainSeparator() private view returns (bytes32) {
                    return keccak256(abi.encode(TYPE_HASH, _EIP712NameHash(), _EIP712VersionHash(), block.chainid, address(this)));
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Given an already https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-hashstruct[hashed struct], this
                 * function returns the hash of the fully encoded EIP712 message for this domain.
                 *
                 * This hash can be used together with {ECDSA-recover} to obtain the signer of a message. For example:
                 *
                 * ```solidity
                 * bytes32 digest = _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(
                 *     keccak256("Mail(address to,string contents)"),
                 *     mailTo,
                 *     keccak256(bytes(mailContents))
                 * )));
                 * address signer = ECDSA.recover(digest, signature);
                 * ```
                 */
                function _hashTypedDataV4(bytes32 structHash) internal view virtual returns (bytes32) {
                    return MessageHashUtils.toTypedDataHash(_domainSeparatorV4(), structHash);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC-5267}.
                 */
                function eip712Domain()
                    public
                    view
                    virtual
                    returns (
                        bytes1 fields,
                        string memory name,
                        string memory version,
                        uint256 chainId,
                        address verifyingContract,
                        bytes32 salt,
                        uint256[] memory extensions
                    )
                {
                    EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
                    // If the hashed name and version in storage are non-zero, the contract hasn't been properly initialized
                    // and the EIP712 domain is not reliable, as it will be missing name and version.
                    require($._hashedName == 0 && $._hashedVersion == 0, "EIP712: Uninitialized");
                    return (
                        hex"0f", // 01111
                        _EIP712Name(),
                        _EIP712Version(),
                        block.chainid,
                        address(this),
                        bytes32(0),
                        new uint256[](0)
                    );
                }
                /**
                 * @dev The name parameter for the EIP712 domain.
                 *
                 * NOTE: This function reads from storage by default, but can be redefined to return a constant value if gas costs
                 * are a concern.
                 */
                function _EIP712Name() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
                    EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
                    return $._name;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev The version parameter for the EIP712 domain.
                 *
                 * NOTE: This function reads from storage by default, but can be redefined to return a constant value if gas costs
                 * are a concern.
                 */
                function _EIP712Version() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
                    EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
                    return $._version;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev The hash of the name parameter for the EIP712 domain.
                 *
                 * NOTE: In previous versions this function was virtual. In this version you should override `_EIP712Name` instead.
                 */
                function _EIP712NameHash() internal view returns (bytes32) {
                    EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
                    string memory name = _EIP712Name();
                    if (bytes(name).length > 0) {
                        return keccak256(bytes(name));
                    } else {
                        // If the name is empty, the contract may have been upgraded without initializing the new storage.
                        // We return the name hash in storage if non-zero, otherwise we assume the name is empty by design.
                        bytes32 hashedName = $._hashedName;
                        if (hashedName != 0) {
                            return hashedName;
                        } else {
                            return keccak256("");
                        }
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev The hash of the version parameter for the EIP712 domain.
                 *
                 * NOTE: In previous versions this function was virtual. In this version you should override `_EIP712Version` instead.
                 */
                function _EIP712VersionHash() internal view returns (bytes32) {
                    EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
                    string memory version = _EIP712Version();
                    if (bytes(version).length > 0) {
                        return keccak256(bytes(version));
                    } else {
                        // If the version is empty, the contract may have been upgraded without initializing the new storage.
                        // We return the version hash in storage if non-zero, otherwise we assume the version is empty by design.
                        bytes32 hashedVersion = $._hashedVersion;
                        if (hashedVersion != 0) {
                            return hashedVersion;
                        } else {
                            return keccak256("");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Nonces.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Provides tracking nonces for addresses. Nonces will only increment.
             */
            abstract contract NoncesUpgradeable is Initializable {
                /**
                 * @dev The nonce used for an `account` is not the expected current nonce.
                 */
                error InvalidAccountNonce(address account, uint256 currentNonce);
                /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Nonces
                struct NoncesStorage {
                    mapping(address account => uint256) _nonces;
                }
                // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Nonces")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
                bytes32 private constant NoncesStorageLocation = 0x5ab42ced628888259c08ac98db1eb0cf702fc1501344311d8b100cd1bfe4bb00;
                function _getNoncesStorage() private pure returns (NoncesStorage storage $) {
                    assembly {
                        $.slot := NoncesStorageLocation
                    }
                }
                function __Nonces_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                }
                function __Nonces_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the next unused nonce for an address.
                 */
                function nonces(address owner) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    NoncesStorage storage $ = _getNoncesStorage();
                    return $._nonces[owner];
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Consumes a nonce.
                 *
                 * Returns the current value and increments nonce.
                 */
                function _useNonce(address owner) internal virtual returns (uint256) {
                    NoncesStorage storage $ = _getNoncesStorage();
                    // For each account, the nonce has an initial value of 0, can only be incremented by one, and cannot be
                    // decremented or reset. This guarantees that the nonce never overflows.
                    unchecked {
                        // It is important to do x++ and not ++x here.
                        return $._nonces[owner]++;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {_useNonce} but checking that `nonce` is the next valid for `owner`.
                 */
                function _useCheckedNonce(address owner, uint256 nonce) internal virtual {
                    uint256 current = _useNonce(owner);
                    if (nonce != current) {
                        revert InvalidAccountNonce(owner, current);
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/IAccessControl.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev External interface of AccessControl declared to support ERC165 detection.
             */
            interface IAccessControl {
                /**
                 * @dev The `account` is missing a role.
                 */
                error AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount(address account, bytes32 neededRole);
                /**
                 * @dev The caller of a function is not the expected one.
                 *
                 * NOTE: Don't confuse with {AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount}.
                 */
                error AccessControlBadConfirmation();
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when `newAdminRole` is set as ``role``'s admin role, replacing `previousAdminRole`
                 *
                 * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is the starting admin for all roles, despite
                 * {RoleAdminChanged} not being emitted signaling this.
                 */
                event RoleAdminChanged(bytes32 indexed role, bytes32 indexed previousAdminRole, bytes32 indexed newAdminRole);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `role`.
                 *
                 * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call, an admin role
                 * bearer except when using {AccessControl-_setupRole}.
                 */
                event RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when `account` is revoked `role`.
                 *
                 * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call:
                 *   - if using `revokeRole`, it is the admin role bearer
                 *   - if using `renounceRole`, it is the role bearer (i.e. `account`)
                 */
                event RoleRevoked(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
                 */
                function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) external view returns (bool);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
                 * {revokeRole}.
                 *
                 * To change a role's admin, use {AccessControl-_setRoleAdmin}.
                 */
                function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) external view returns (bytes32);
                /**
                 * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
                 *
                 * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
                 * event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
                 */
                function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
                 *
                 * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
                 */
                function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
                 *
                 * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
                 * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
                 * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
                 *
                 * If the calling account had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
                 * event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the caller must be `callerConfirmation`.
                 */
                function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address callerConfirmation) external;
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/MessageHashUtils.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {Strings} from "../Strings.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Signature message hash utilities for producing digests to be consumed by {ECDSA} recovery or signing.
             *
             * The library provides methods for generating a hash of a message that conforms to the
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191[EIP 191] and https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712]
             * specifications.
             */
            library MessageHashUtils {
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
                 * `0x45` (`personal_sign` messages).
                 *
                 * The digest is calculated by prefixing a bytes32 `messageHash` with
                 * `"\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
            32"` and hashing the result. It corresponds with the
                 * hash signed when using the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`] JSON-RPC method.
                 *
                 * NOTE: The `messageHash` parameter is intended to be the result of hashing a raw message with
                 * keccak256, although any bytes32 value can be safely used because the final digest will
                 * be re-hashed.
                 *
                 * See {ECDSA-recover}.
                 */
                function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 messageHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        mstore(0x00, "\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
            32") // 32 is the bytes-length of messageHash
                        mstore(0x1c, messageHash) // 0x1c (28) is the length of the prefix
                        digest := keccak256(0x00, 0x3c) // 0x3c is the length of the prefix (0x1c) + messageHash (0x20)
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
                 * `0x45` (`personal_sign` messages).
                 *
                 * The digest is calculated by prefixing an arbitrary `message` with
                 * `"\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
            " + len(message)` and hashing the result. It corresponds with the
                 * hash signed when using the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`] JSON-RPC method.
                 *
                 * See {ECDSA-recover}.
                 */
                function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory message) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                    return
                        keccak256(bytes.concat("\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
            ", bytes(Strings.toString(message.length)), message));
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
                 * `0x00` (data with intended validator).
                 *
                 * The digest is calculated by prefixing an arbitrary `data` with `"\\x19\\x00"` and the intended
                 * `validator` address. Then hashing the result.
                 *
                 * See {ECDSA-recover}.
                 */
                function toDataWithIntendedValidatorHash(address validator, bytes memory data) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                    return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(hex"19_00", validator, data));
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-712 typed data (EIP-191 version `0x01`).
                 *
                 * The digest is calculated from a `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`, by prefixing them with
                 * `\\x19\\x01` and hashing the result. It corresponds to the hash signed by the
                 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`] JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
                 *
                 * See {ECDSA-recover}.
                 */
                function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        let ptr := mload(0x40)
                        mstore(ptr, hex"19_01")
                        mstore(add(ptr, 0x02), domainSeparator)
                        mstore(add(ptr, 0x22), structHash)
                        digest := keccak256(ptr, 0x42)
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC5267.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            interface IERC5267 {
                /**
                 * @dev MAY be emitted to signal that the domain could have changed.
                 */
                event EIP712DomainChanged();
                /**
                 * @dev returns the fields and values that describe the domain separator used by this contract for EIP-712
                 * signature.
                 */
                function eip712Domain()
                    external
                    view
                    returns (
                        bytes1 fields,
                        string memory name,
                        string memory version,
                        uint256 chainId,
                        address verifyingContract,
                        bytes32 salt,
                        uint256[] memory extensions
                    );
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Strings.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {Math} from "./math/Math.sol";
            import {SignedMath} from "./math/SignedMath.sol";
            /**
             * @dev String operations.
             */
            library Strings {
                bytes16 private constant HEX_DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef";
                uint8 private constant ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;
                /**
                 * @dev The `value` string doesn't fit in the specified `length`.
                 */
                error StringsInsufficientHexLength(uint256 value, uint256 length);
                /**
                 * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
                 */
                function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
                        string memory buffer = new string(length);
                        uint256 ptr;
                        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                        assembly {
                            ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
                        }
                        while (true) {
                            ptr--;
                            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                            assembly {
                                mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), HEX_DIGITS))
                            }
                            value /= 10;
                            if (value == 0) break;
                        }
                        return buffer;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
                 */
                function toStringSigned(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                    return string.concat(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value)));
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
                 */
                function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                    unchecked {
                        return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
                 */
                function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                    uint256 localValue = value;
                    bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
                    buffer[0] = "0";
                    buffer[1] = "x";
                    for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
                        buffer[i] = HEX_DIGITS[localValue & 0xf];
                        localValue >>= 4;
                    }
                    if (localValue != 0) {
                        revert StringsInsufficientHexLength(value, length);
                    }
                    return string(buffer);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal
                 * representation.
                 */
                function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                    return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), ADDRESS_LENGTH);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
                 */
                function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
                    return bytes(a).length == bytes(b).length && keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
             */
            library Math {
                /**
                 * @dev Muldiv operation overflow.
                 */
                error MathOverflowedMulDiv();
                enum Rounding {
                    Floor, // Toward negative infinity
                    Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
                    Trunc, // Toward zero
                    Expand // Away from zero
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
                 */
                function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 c = a + b;
                        if (c < a) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, c);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
                 */
                function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        if (b > a) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, a - b);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
                 */
                function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
                        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
                        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
                        if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
                        uint256 c = a * b;
                        if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, c);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
                 */
                function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, a / b);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
                 */
                function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, a % b);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
                 */
                function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    return a > b ? a : b;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
                 */
                function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    return a < b ? a : b;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
                 * zero.
                 */
                function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
                    return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
                 *
                 * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
                 * of rounding towards zero.
                 */
                function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    if (b == 0) {
                        // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
                        return a / b;
                    }
                    // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
                    return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
                }
                /**
                 * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
                 * denominator == 0.
                 * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
                 * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
                 */
                function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
                    unchecked {
                        // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
                        // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
                        // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
                        uint256 prod0 = x * y; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
                        uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
                        assembly {
                            let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                            prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
                        }
                        // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
                        if (prod1 == 0) {
                            // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                            // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                            // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                            return prod0 / denominator;
                        }
                        // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
                        if (denominator <= prod1) {
                            revert MathOverflowedMulDiv();
                        }
                        ///////////////////////////////////////////////
                        // 512 by 256 division.
                        ///////////////////////////////////////////////
                        // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
                        uint256 remainder;
                        assembly {
                            // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                            remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)
                            // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                            prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                            prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
                        }
                        // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
                        // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.
                        uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
                        assembly {
                            // Divide denominator by twos.
                            denominator := div(denominator, twos)
                            // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                            prod0 := div(prod0, twos)
                            // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                            twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
                        }
                        // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
                        prod0 |= prod1 * twos;
                        // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
                        // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
                        // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
                        uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;
                        // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
                        // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256
                        // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
                        // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
                        // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
                        // is no longer required.
                        result = prod0 * inverse;
                        return result;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
                 */
                function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
                    if (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
                        result += 1;
                    }
                    return result;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
                 * towards zero.
                 *
                 * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
                 */
                function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    if (a == 0) {
                        return 0;
                    }
                    // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
                    //
                    // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
                    // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
                    //
                    // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
                    // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
                    // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
                    //
                    // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
                    uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);
                    // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
                    // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
                    // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
                    // into the expected uint128 result.
                    unchecked {
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        return min(result, a / result);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
                 */
                function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 result = sqrt(a);
                        return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    uint256 result = 0;
                    unchecked {
                        if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                            value >>= 128;
                            result += 128;
                        }
                        if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                            value >>= 64;
                            result += 64;
                        }
                        if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                            value >>= 32;
                            result += 32;
                        }
                        if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                            value >>= 16;
                            result += 16;
                        }
                        if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                            value >>= 8;
                            result += 8;
                        }
                        if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                            value >>= 4;
                            result += 4;
                        }
                        if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                            value >>= 2;
                            result += 2;
                        }
                        if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                            result += 1;
                        }
                    }
                    return result;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 result = log2(value);
                        return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    uint256 result = 0;
                    unchecked {
                        if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                            value /= 10 ** 64;
                            result += 64;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                            value /= 10 ** 32;
                            result += 32;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                            value /= 10 ** 16;
                            result += 16;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                            value /= 10 ** 8;
                            result += 8;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                            value /= 10 ** 4;
                            result += 4;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                            value /= 10 ** 2;
                            result += 2;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                            result += 1;
                        }
                    }
                    return result;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 result = log10(value);
                        return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 *
                 * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
                 */
                function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    uint256 result = 0;
                    unchecked {
                        if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                            value >>= 128;
                            result += 16;
                        }
                        if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                            value >>= 64;
                            result += 8;
                        }
                        if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                            value >>= 32;
                            result += 4;
                        }
                        if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                            value >>= 16;
                            result += 2;
                        }
                        if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                            result += 1;
                        }
                    }
                    return result;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 result = log256(value);
                        return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
                 */
                function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
                    return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
             */
            library SignedMath {
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
                 */
                function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
                    return a > b ? a : b;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
                 */
                function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
                    return a < b ? a : b;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
                 * The result is rounded towards zero.
                 */
                function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
                    // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
                    int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
                    return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
                 */
                function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
                        return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
                    }
                }
            }
            

            File 5 of 6: TransparentUpgradeableProxy
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            
            // contracts/interfaces/IERC1967.sol
            
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)
            
            /**
             * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
             */
            interface IERC1967 {
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
                 */
                event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
            
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
                 */
                event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
            
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
                 */
                event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
            }
            
            // contracts/proxy/Proxy.sol
            
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)
            
            /**
             * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
             * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
             * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
             *
             * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
             * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
             *
             * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
             */
            abstract contract Proxy {
                /**
                 * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
                 *
                 * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                 */
                function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
                    assembly {
                        // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                        // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                        // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                        calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
            
                        // Call the implementation.
                        // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                        let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
            
                        // Copy the returned data.
                        returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
            
                        switch result
                        // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                        case 0 {
                            revert(0, returndatasize())
                        }
                        default {
                            return(0, returndatasize())
                        }
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback
                 * function and {_fallback} should delegate.
                 */
                function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
            
                /**
                 * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
                 *
                 * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                 */
                function _fallback() internal virtual {
                    _delegate(_implementation());
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
                 * function in the contract matches the call data.
                 */
                fallback() external payable virtual {
                    _fallback();
                }
            }
            
            // contracts/proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol
            
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
            
            /**
             * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
             */
            interface IBeacon {
                /**
                 * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
                 *
                 * {UpgradeableBeacon} will check that this address is a contract.
                 */
                function implementation() external view returns (address);
            }
            
            // contracts/utils/Address.sol
            
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Address.sol)
            
            /**
             * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
             */
            library Address {
                /**
                 * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
                 */
                error AddressInsufficientBalance(address account);
            
                /**
                 * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
                 */
                error AddressEmptyCode(address target);
            
                /**
                 * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
                 */
                error FailedInnerCall();
            
                /**
                 * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                 * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                 *
                 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                 * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                 * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                 * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                 *
                 * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                 * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                 * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                 * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                 */
                function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                    if (address(this).balance < amount) {
                        revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
                    }
            
                    (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                    if (!success) {
                        revert FailedInnerCall();
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                 * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                 * function instead.
                 *
                 * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
                 * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
                 * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
                 * {FailedInnerCall} error.
                 *
                 * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                 * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - `target` must be a contract.
                 * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                 */
                function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                 * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                 */
                function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (address(this).balance < value) {
                        revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
                    }
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but performing a static call.
                 */
                function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                 * but performing a delegate call.
                 */
                function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                    return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
                 * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {FailedInnerCall}) in case of an
                 * unsuccessful call.
                 */
                function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                    address target,
                    bool success,
                    bytes memory returndata
                ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (!success) {
                        _revert(returndata);
                    } else {
                        // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                        // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                        if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                            revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
                        }
                        return returndata;
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
                 * revert reason or with a default {FailedInnerCall} error.
                 */
                function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                    if (!success) {
                        _revert(returndata);
                    } else {
                        return returndata;
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {FailedInnerCall}.
                 */
                function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
                    // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                    if (returndata.length > 0) {
                        // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                        assembly {
                            let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                            revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                        }
                    } else {
                        revert FailedInnerCall();
                    }
                }
            }
            
            // contracts/utils/Context.sol
            
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)
            
            /**
             * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
             * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
             * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
             * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
             * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
             * is concerned).
             *
             * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
             */
            abstract contract Context {
                function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
                    return msg.sender;
                }
            
                function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
                    return msg.data;
                }
            
                function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    return 0;
                }
            }
            
            // contracts/utils/StorageSlot.sol
            
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
            // This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.
            
            /**
             * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
             *
             * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
             * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
             *
             * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
             *
             * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
             * ```solidity
             * contract ERC1967 {
             *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
             *
             *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
             *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
             *     }
             *
             *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
             *         require(newImplementation.code.length > 0);
             *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
             *     }
             * }
             * ```
             */
            library StorageSlot {
                struct AddressSlot {
                    address value;
                }
            
                struct BooleanSlot {
                    bool value;
                }
            
                struct Bytes32Slot {
                    bytes32 value;
                }
            
                struct Uint256Slot {
                    uint256 value;
                }
            
                struct StringSlot {
                    string value;
                }
            
                struct BytesSlot {
                    bytes value;
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
                 */
                function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := store.slot
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                 */
                function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := slot
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
                 */
                function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r.slot := store.slot
                    }
                }
            }
            
            // contracts/access/Ownable.sol
            
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
            
            /**
             * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
             * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
             * specific functions.
             *
             * The initial owner is set to the address provided by the deployer. This can
             * later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
             *
             * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
             * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
             * the owner.
             */
            abstract contract Ownable is Context {
                address private _owner;
            
                /**
                 * @dev The caller account is not authorized to perform an operation.
                 */
                error OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address account);
            
                /**
                 * @dev The owner is not a valid owner account. (eg. `address(0)`)
                 */
                error OwnableInvalidOwner(address owner);
            
                event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
            
                /**
                 * @dev Initializes the contract setting the address provided by the deployer as the initial owner.
                 */
                constructor(address initialOwner) {
                    if (initialOwner == address(0)) {
                        revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
                    }
                    _transferOwnership(initialOwner);
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
                 */
                modifier onlyOwner() {
                    _checkOwner();
                    _;
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
                 */
                function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
                    return _owner;
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
                 */
                function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
                    if (owner() != _msgSender()) {
                        revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
                 * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
                 *
                 * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
                 * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
                 */
                function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
                    _transferOwnership(address(0));
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
                 * Can only be called by the current owner.
                 */
                function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
                    if (newOwner == address(0)) {
                        revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
                    }
                    _transferOwnership(newOwner);
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
                 * Internal function without access restriction.
                 */
                function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
                    address oldOwner = _owner;
                    _owner = newOwner;
                    emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
                }
            }
            
            // contracts/proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol
            
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol)
            
            /**
             * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
             */
            library ERC1967Utils {
                // We re-declare ERC-1967 events here because they can't be used directly from IERC1967.
                // This will be fixed in Solidity 0.8.21. At that point we should remove these events.
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
                 */
                event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
            
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
                 */
                event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
            
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
                 */
                event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
            
                /**
                 * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
                 * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
                bytes32 internal constant IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
            
                /**
                 * @dev The `implementation` of the proxy is invalid.
                 */
                error ERC1967InvalidImplementation(address implementation);
            
                /**
                 * @dev The `admin` of the proxy is invalid.
                 */
                error ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address admin);
            
                /**
                 * @dev The `beacon` of the proxy is invalid.
                 */
                error ERC1967InvalidBeacon(address beacon);
            
                /**
                 * @dev An upgrade function sees `msg.value > 0` that may be lost.
                 */
                error ERC1967NonPayable();
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
                 */
                function getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
                    return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
                 */
                function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                    if (newImplementation.code.length == 0) {
                        revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(newImplementation);
                    }
                    StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Performs implementation upgrade with additional setup call if data is nonempty.
                 * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
                 * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
                 *
                 * Emits an {IERC1967-Upgraded} event.
                 */
                function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) internal {
                    _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                    emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
            
                    if (data.length > 0) {
                        Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                    } else {
                        _checkNonPayable();
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
                 * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
                bytes32 internal constant ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current admin.
                 *
                 * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using
                 * the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                 * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
                 */
                function getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
                    return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value;
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
                 */
                function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
                    if (newAdmin == address(0)) {
                        revert ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address(0));
                    }
                    StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
                 *
                 * Emits an {IERC1967-AdminChanged} event.
                 */
                function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
                    emit AdminChanged(getAdmin(), newAdmin);
                    _setAdmin(newAdmin);
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
                 * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.beacon" subtracted by 1.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
                bytes32 internal constant BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current beacon.
                 */
                function getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
                    return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value;
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
                 */
                function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
                    if (newBeacon.code.length == 0) {
                        revert ERC1967InvalidBeacon(newBeacon);
                    }
            
                    StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
            
                    address beaconImplementation = IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation();
                    if (beaconImplementation.code.length == 0) {
                        revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(beaconImplementation);
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Change the beacon and trigger a setup call if data is nonempty.
                 * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
                 * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
                 *
                 * Emits an {IERC1967-BeaconUpgraded} event.
                 *
                 * CAUTION: Invoking this function has no effect on an instance of {BeaconProxy} since v5, since
                 * it uses an immutable beacon without looking at the value of the ERC-1967 beacon slot for
                 * efficiency.
                 */
                function upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data) internal {
                    _setBeacon(newBeacon);
                    emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
            
                    if (data.length > 0) {
                        Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
                    } else {
                        _checkNonPayable();
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Reverts if `msg.value` is not zero. It can be used to avoid `msg.value` stuck in the contract
                 * if an upgrade doesn't perform an initialization call.
                 */
                function _checkNonPayable() private {
                    if (msg.value > 0) {
                        revert ERC1967NonPayable();
                    }
                }
            }
            
            // contracts/proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol
            
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)
            
            /**
             * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
             * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
             * implementation behind the proxy.
             */
            contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy {
                /**
                 * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `implementation`.
                 *
                 * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `implementation`. This will typically be an
                 * encoded function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - If `data` is empty, `msg.value` must be zero.
                 */
                constructor(address implementation, bytes memory _data) payable {
                    ERC1967Utils.upgradeToAndCall(implementation, _data);
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
                 *
                 * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using
                 * the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                 * `0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc`
                 */
                function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address) {
                    return ERC1967Utils.getImplementation();
                }
            }
            
            // contracts/proxy/transparent/ProxyAdmin.sol
            
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/transparent/ProxyAdmin.sol)
            
            /**
             * @dev This is an auxiliary contract meant to be assigned as the admin of a {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}. For an
             * explanation of why you would want to use this see the documentation for {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}.
             */
            contract ProxyAdmin is Ownable {
                /**
                 * @dev The version of the upgrade interface of the contract. If this getter is missing, both `upgrade(address)`
                 * and `upgradeAndCall(address,bytes)` are present, and `upgradeTo` must be used if no function should be called,
                 * while `upgradeAndCall` will invoke the `receive` function if the second argument is the empty byte string.
                 * If the getter returns `"5.0.0"`, only `upgradeAndCall(address,bytes)` is present, and the second argument must
                 * be the empty byte string if no function should be called, making it impossible to invoke the `receive` function
                 * during an upgrade.
                 */
                string public constant UPGRADE_INTERFACE_VERSION = "5.0.0";
            
                /**
                 * @dev Sets the initial owner who can perform upgrades.
                 */
                constructor(address initialOwner) Ownable(initialOwner) {}
            
                /**
                 * @dev Upgrades `proxy` to `implementation` and calls a function on the new implementation.
                 * See {TransparentUpgradeableProxy-_dispatchUpgradeToAndCall}.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - This contract must be the admin of `proxy`.
                 * - If `data` is empty, `msg.value` must be zero.
                 */
                function upgradeAndCall(
                    ITransparentUpgradeableProxy proxy,
                    address implementation,
                    bytes memory data
                ) public payable virtual onlyOwner {
                    proxy.upgradeToAndCall{value: msg.value}(implementation, data);
                }
            }
            
            // contracts/proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol
            
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol)
            
            /**
             * @dev Interface for {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}. In order to implement transparency, {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}
             * does not implement this interface directly, and its upgradeability mechanism is implemented by an internal dispatch
             * mechanism. The compiler is unaware that these functions are implemented by {TransparentUpgradeableProxy} and will not
             * include them in the ABI so this interface must be used to interact with it.
             */
            interface ITransparentUpgradeableProxy is IERC1967 {
                function upgradeToAndCall(address, bytes calldata) external payable;
            }
            
            /**
             * @dev This contract implements a proxy that is upgradeable through an associated {ProxyAdmin} instance.
             *
             * To avoid https://medium.com/nomic-labs-blog/malicious-backdoors-in-ethereum-proxies-62629adf3357[proxy selector
             * clashing], which can potentially be used in an attack, this contract uses the
             * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/the-transparent-proxy-pattern/[transparent proxy pattern]. This pattern implies two
             * things that go hand in hand:
             *
             * 1. If any account other than the admin calls the proxy, the call will be forwarded to the implementation, even if
             * that call matches the {ITransparentUpgradeableProxy-upgradeToAndCall} function exposed by the proxy itself.
             * 2. If the admin calls the proxy, it can call the `upgradeToAndCall` function but any other call won't be forwarded to
             * the implementation. If the admin tries to call a function on the implementation it will fail with an error indicating
             * the proxy admin cannot fallback to the target implementation.
             *
             * These properties mean that the admin account can only be used for upgrading the proxy, so it's best if it's a
             * dedicated account that is not used for anything else. This will avoid headaches due to sudden errors when trying to
             * call a function from the proxy implementation. For this reason, the proxy deploys an instance of {ProxyAdmin} and
             * allows upgrades only if they come through it. You should think of the `ProxyAdmin` instance as the administrative
             * interface of the proxy, including the ability to change who can trigger upgrades by transferring ownership.
             *
             * NOTE: The real interface of this proxy is that defined in `ITransparentUpgradeableProxy`. This contract does not
             * inherit from that interface, and instead `upgradeToAndCall` is implicitly implemented using a custom dispatch
             * mechanism in `_fallback`. Consequently, the compiler will not produce an ABI for this contract. This is necessary to
             * fully implement transparency without decoding reverts caused by selector clashes between the proxy and the
             * implementation.
             *
             * NOTE: This proxy does not inherit from {Context} deliberately. The {ProxyAdmin} of this contract won't send a
             * meta-transaction in any way, and any other meta-transaction setup should be made in the implementation contract.
             *
             * IMPORTANT: This contract avoids unnecessary storage reads by setting the admin only during construction as an
             * immutable variable, preventing any changes thereafter. However, the admin slot defined in ERC-1967 can still be
             * overwritten by the implementation logic pointed to by this proxy. In such cases, the contract may end up in an
             * undesirable state where the admin slot is different from the actual admin.
             *
             * WARNING: It is not recommended to extend this contract to add additional external functions. If you do so, the
             * compiler will not check that there are no selector conflicts, due to the note above. A selector clash between any new
             * function and the functions declared in {ITransparentUpgradeableProxy} will be resolved in favor of the new one. This
             * could render the `upgradeToAndCall` function inaccessible, preventing upgradeability and compromising transparency.
             */
            contract TransparentUpgradeableProxy is ERC1967Proxy {
                // An immutable address for the admin to avoid unnecessary SLOADs before each call
                // at the expense of removing the ability to change the admin once it's set.
                // This is acceptable if the admin is always a ProxyAdmin instance or similar contract
                // with its own ability to transfer the permissions to another account.
                address private immutable _admin;
            
                /**
                 * @dev The proxy caller is the current admin, and can't fallback to the proxy target.
                 */
                error ProxyDeniedAdminAccess();
            
                /**
                 * @dev Initializes an upgradeable proxy managed by an instance of a {ProxyAdmin} with an `initialOwner`,
                 * backed by the implementation at `_logic`, and optionally initialized with `_data` as explained in
                 * {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
                 */
                constructor(address _logic, address initialOwner, bytes memory _data) payable ERC1967Proxy(_logic, _data) {
                    _admin = address(new ProxyAdmin(initialOwner));
                    // Set the storage value and emit an event for ERC-1967 compatibility
                    ERC1967Utils.changeAdmin(_proxyAdmin());
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the admin of this proxy.
                 */
                function _proxyAdmin() internal virtual returns (address) {
                    return _admin;
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev If caller is the admin process the call internally, otherwise transparently fallback to the proxy behavior.
                 */
                function _fallback() internal virtual override {
                    if (msg.sender == _proxyAdmin()) {
                        if (msg.sig != ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.upgradeToAndCall.selector) {
                            revert ProxyDeniedAdminAccess();
                        } else {
                            _dispatchUpgradeToAndCall();
                        }
                    } else {
                        super._fallback();
                    }
                }
            
                /**
                 * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy. See {ERC1967Utils-upgradeToAndCall}.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - If `data` is empty, `msg.value` must be zero.
                 */
                function _dispatchUpgradeToAndCall() private {
                    (address newImplementation, bytes memory data) = abi.decode(msg.data[4:], (address, bytes));
                    ERC1967Utils.upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data);
                }
            }

            File 6 of 6: RegistryAccess
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            import {AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesUpgradeable} from
                "openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/access/extensions/AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesUpgradeable.sol";
            import {IRegistryAccess} from "src/interfaces/registry/IRegistryAccess.sol";
            import {NullAddress, NotAuthorized} from "src/errors.sol";
            /// @notice  This contract is used to manage the access to function call
            /// @title   RegistryAccess contract
            /// @dev     We don't want all function to be called by anyone so we use this contract to manage the access
            /// @author  Usual Tech team
            contract RegistryAccess is AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesUpgradeable, IRegistryAccess {
                /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                         Constructor
                //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
                /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
                constructor() {
                    _disableInitializers();
                }
                /// @notice Function for initializing the contract.
                /// @dev This function is used to set the initial state of the contract.
                /// @param deployer The deployer address.
                function initialize(address deployer) public initializer {
                    // if the deployer address is null, revert the transaction
                    if (deployer == address(0)) {
                        revert NullAddress();
                    }
                    __AccessControl_init_unchained();
                    __AccessControlDefaultAdminRules_init_unchained(
                        1,
                        deployer // Explicit initial `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` holder
                    );
                }
                function setRoleAdmin(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) external {
                    if (!hasRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender)) {
                        revert NotAuthorized();
                    }
                    _setRoleAdmin(role, adminRole);
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/extensions/AccessControlDefaultAdminRules.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/extensions/IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules.sol";
            import {AccessControlUpgradeable} from "../AccessControlUpgradeable.sol";
            import {IAccessControl} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/IAccessControl.sol";
            import {SafeCast} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SafeCast.sol";
            import {Math} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
            import {IERC5313} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC5313.sol";
            import {Initializable} from "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Extension of {AccessControl} that allows specifying special rules to manage
             * the `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` holder, which is a sensitive role with special permissions
             * over other roles that may potentially have privileged rights in the system.
             *
             * If a specific role doesn't have an admin role assigned, the holder of the
             * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` will have the ability to grant it and revoke it.
             *
             * This contract implements the following risk mitigations on top of {AccessControl}:
             *
             * * Only one account holds the `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` since deployment until it's potentially renounced.
             * * Enforces a 2-step process to transfer the `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` to another account.
             * * Enforces a configurable delay between the two steps, with the ability to cancel before the transfer is accepted.
             * * The delay can be changed by scheduling, see {changeDefaultAdminDelay}.
             * * It is not possible to use another role to manage the `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`.
             *
             * Example usage:
             *
             * ```solidity
             * contract MyToken is AccessControlDefaultAdminRules {
             *   constructor() AccessControlDefaultAdminRules(
             *     3 days,
             *     msg.sender // Explicit initial `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` holder
             *    ) {}
             * }
             * ```
             */
            abstract contract AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesUpgradeable is Initializable, IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules, IERC5313, AccessControlUpgradeable {
                /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.AccessControlDefaultAdminRules
                struct AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage {
                    // pending admin pair read/written together frequently
                    address _pendingDefaultAdmin;
                    uint48 _pendingDefaultAdminSchedule; // 0 == unset
                    uint48 _currentDelay;
                    address _currentDefaultAdmin;
                    // pending delay pair read/written together frequently
                    uint48 _pendingDelay;
                    uint48 _pendingDelaySchedule; // 0 == unset
                }
                // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.AccessControlDefaultAdminRules")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
                bytes32 private constant AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorageLocation = 0xeef3dac4538c82c8ace4063ab0acd2d15cdb5883aa1dff7c2673abb3d8698400;
                function _getAccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage() private pure returns (AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage storage $) {
                    assembly {
                        $.slot := AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorageLocation
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Sets the initial values for {defaultAdminDelay} and {defaultAdmin} address.
                 */
                function __AccessControlDefaultAdminRules_init(uint48 initialDelay, address initialDefaultAdmin) internal onlyInitializing {
                    __AccessControlDefaultAdminRules_init_unchained(initialDelay, initialDefaultAdmin);
                }
                function __AccessControlDefaultAdminRules_init_unchained(uint48 initialDelay, address initialDefaultAdmin) internal onlyInitializing {
                    AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage();
                    if (initialDefaultAdmin == address(0)) {
                        revert AccessControlInvalidDefaultAdmin(address(0));
                    }
                    $._currentDelay = initialDelay;
                    _grantRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, initialDefaultAdmin);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
                 */
                function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
                    return interfaceId == type(IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC5313-owner}.
                 */
                function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
                    return defaultAdmin();
                }
                ///
                /// Override AccessControl role management
                ///
                /**
                 * @dev See {AccessControl-grantRole}. Reverts for `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`.
                 */
                function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override(AccessControlUpgradeable, IAccessControl) {
                    if (role == DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
                        revert AccessControlEnforcedDefaultAdminRules();
                    }
                    super.grantRole(role, account);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {AccessControl-revokeRole}. Reverts for `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`.
                 */
                function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override(AccessControlUpgradeable, IAccessControl) {
                    if (role == DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
                        revert AccessControlEnforcedDefaultAdminRules();
                    }
                    super.revokeRole(role, account);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {AccessControl-renounceRole}.
                 *
                 * For the `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`, it only allows renouncing in two steps by first calling
                 * {beginDefaultAdminTransfer} to the `address(0)`, so it's required that the {pendingDefaultAdmin} schedule
                 * has also passed when calling this function.
                 *
                 * After its execution, it will not be possible to call `onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE)` functions.
                 *
                 * NOTE: Renouncing `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` will leave the contract without a {defaultAdmin},
                 * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available for it, and the possibility of reassigning a
                 * non-administrated role.
                 */
                function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override(AccessControlUpgradeable, IAccessControl) {
                    AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage();
                    if (role == DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE && account == defaultAdmin()) {
                        (address newDefaultAdmin, uint48 schedule) = pendingDefaultAdmin();
                        if (newDefaultAdmin != address(0) || !_isScheduleSet(schedule) || !_hasSchedulePassed(schedule)) {
                            revert AccessControlEnforcedDefaultAdminDelay(schedule);
                        }
                        delete $._pendingDefaultAdminSchedule;
                    }
                    super.renounceRole(role, account);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {AccessControl-_grantRole}.
                 *
                 * For `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`, it only allows granting if there isn't already a {defaultAdmin} or if the
                 * role has been previously renounced.
                 *
                 * NOTE: Exposing this function through another mechanism may make the `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`
                 * assignable again. Make sure to guarantee this is the expected behavior in your implementation.
                 */
                function _grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual override returns (bool) {
                    AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage();
                    if (role == DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
                        if (defaultAdmin() != address(0)) {
                            revert AccessControlEnforcedDefaultAdminRules();
                        }
                        $._currentDefaultAdmin = account;
                    }
                    return super._grantRole(role, account);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {AccessControl-_revokeRole}.
                 */
                function _revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual override returns (bool) {
                    AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage();
                    if (role == DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE && account == defaultAdmin()) {
                        delete $._currentDefaultAdmin;
                    }
                    return super._revokeRole(role, account);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {AccessControl-_setRoleAdmin}. Reverts for `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`.
                 */
                function _setRoleAdmin(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) internal virtual override {
                    if (role == DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
                        revert AccessControlEnforcedDefaultAdminRules();
                    }
                    super._setRoleAdmin(role, adminRole);
                }
                ///
                /// AccessControlDefaultAdminRules accessors
                ///
                /**
                 * @inheritdoc IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules
                 */
                function defaultAdmin() public view virtual returns (address) {
                    AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage();
                    return $._currentDefaultAdmin;
                }
                /**
                 * @inheritdoc IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules
                 */
                function pendingDefaultAdmin() public view virtual returns (address newAdmin, uint48 schedule) {
                    AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage();
                    return ($._pendingDefaultAdmin, $._pendingDefaultAdminSchedule);
                }
                /**
                 * @inheritdoc IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules
                 */
                function defaultAdminDelay() public view virtual returns (uint48) {
                    AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage();
                    uint48 schedule = $._pendingDelaySchedule;
                    return (_isScheduleSet(schedule) && _hasSchedulePassed(schedule)) ? $._pendingDelay : $._currentDelay;
                }
                /**
                 * @inheritdoc IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules
                 */
                function pendingDefaultAdminDelay() public view virtual returns (uint48 newDelay, uint48 schedule) {
                    AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage();
                    schedule = $._pendingDelaySchedule;
                    return (_isScheduleSet(schedule) && !_hasSchedulePassed(schedule)) ? ($._pendingDelay, schedule) : (0, 0);
                }
                /**
                 * @inheritdoc IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules
                 */
                function defaultAdminDelayIncreaseWait() public view virtual returns (uint48) {
                    return 5 days;
                }
                ///
                /// AccessControlDefaultAdminRules public and internal setters for defaultAdmin/pendingDefaultAdmin
                ///
                /**
                 * @inheritdoc IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules
                 */
                function beginDefaultAdminTransfer(address newAdmin) public virtual onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
                    _beginDefaultAdminTransfer(newAdmin);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {beginDefaultAdminTransfer}.
                 *
                 * Internal function without access restriction.
                 */
                function _beginDefaultAdminTransfer(address newAdmin) internal virtual {
                    uint48 newSchedule = SafeCast.toUint48(block.timestamp) + defaultAdminDelay();
                    _setPendingDefaultAdmin(newAdmin, newSchedule);
                    emit DefaultAdminTransferScheduled(newAdmin, newSchedule);
                }
                /**
                 * @inheritdoc IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules
                 */
                function cancelDefaultAdminTransfer() public virtual onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
                    _cancelDefaultAdminTransfer();
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {cancelDefaultAdminTransfer}.
                 *
                 * Internal function without access restriction.
                 */
                function _cancelDefaultAdminTransfer() internal virtual {
                    _setPendingDefaultAdmin(address(0), 0);
                }
                /**
                 * @inheritdoc IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules
                 */
                function acceptDefaultAdminTransfer() public virtual {
                    (address newDefaultAdmin, ) = pendingDefaultAdmin();
                    if (_msgSender() != newDefaultAdmin) {
                        // Enforce newDefaultAdmin explicit acceptance.
                        revert AccessControlInvalidDefaultAdmin(_msgSender());
                    }
                    _acceptDefaultAdminTransfer();
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {acceptDefaultAdminTransfer}.
                 *
                 * Internal function without access restriction.
                 */
                function _acceptDefaultAdminTransfer() internal virtual {
                    AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage();
                    (address newAdmin, uint48 schedule) = pendingDefaultAdmin();
                    if (!_isScheduleSet(schedule) || !_hasSchedulePassed(schedule)) {
                        revert AccessControlEnforcedDefaultAdminDelay(schedule);
                    }
                    _revokeRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, defaultAdmin());
                    _grantRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, newAdmin);
                    delete $._pendingDefaultAdmin;
                    delete $._pendingDefaultAdminSchedule;
                }
                ///
                /// AccessControlDefaultAdminRules public and internal setters for defaultAdminDelay/pendingDefaultAdminDelay
                ///
                /**
                 * @inheritdoc IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules
                 */
                function changeDefaultAdminDelay(uint48 newDelay) public virtual onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
                    _changeDefaultAdminDelay(newDelay);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {changeDefaultAdminDelay}.
                 *
                 * Internal function without access restriction.
                 */
                function _changeDefaultAdminDelay(uint48 newDelay) internal virtual {
                    uint48 newSchedule = SafeCast.toUint48(block.timestamp) + _delayChangeWait(newDelay);
                    _setPendingDelay(newDelay, newSchedule);
                    emit DefaultAdminDelayChangeScheduled(newDelay, newSchedule);
                }
                /**
                 * @inheritdoc IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules
                 */
                function rollbackDefaultAdminDelay() public virtual onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
                    _rollbackDefaultAdminDelay();
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {rollbackDefaultAdminDelay}.
                 *
                 * Internal function without access restriction.
                 */
                function _rollbackDefaultAdminDelay() internal virtual {
                    _setPendingDelay(0, 0);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the amount of seconds to wait after the `newDelay` will
                 * become the new {defaultAdminDelay}.
                 *
                 * The value returned guarantees that if the delay is reduced, it will go into effect
                 * after a wait that honors the previously set delay.
                 *
                 * See {defaultAdminDelayIncreaseWait}.
                 */
                function _delayChangeWait(uint48 newDelay) internal view virtual returns (uint48) {
                    uint48 currentDelay = defaultAdminDelay();
                    // When increasing the delay, we schedule the delay change to occur after a period of "new delay" has passed, up
                    // to a maximum given by defaultAdminDelayIncreaseWait, by default 5 days. For example, if increasing from 1 day
                    // to 3 days, the new delay will come into effect after 3 days. If increasing from 1 day to 10 days, the new
                    // delay will come into effect after 5 days. The 5 day wait period is intended to be able to fix an error like
                    // using milliseconds instead of seconds.
                    //
                    // When decreasing the delay, we wait the difference between "current delay" and "new delay". This guarantees
                    // that an admin transfer cannot be made faster than "current delay" at the time the delay change is scheduled.
                    // For example, if decreasing from 10 days to 3 days, the new delay will come into effect after 7 days.
                    return
                        newDelay > currentDelay
                            ? uint48(Math.min(newDelay, defaultAdminDelayIncreaseWait())) // no need to safecast, both inputs are uint48
                            : currentDelay - newDelay;
                }
                ///
                /// Private setters
                ///
                /**
                 * @dev Setter of the tuple for pending admin and its schedule.
                 *
                 * May emit a DefaultAdminTransferCanceled event.
                 */
                function _setPendingDefaultAdmin(address newAdmin, uint48 newSchedule) private {
                    AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage();
                    (, uint48 oldSchedule) = pendingDefaultAdmin();
                    $._pendingDefaultAdmin = newAdmin;
                    $._pendingDefaultAdminSchedule = newSchedule;
                    // An `oldSchedule` from `pendingDefaultAdmin()` is only set if it hasn't been accepted.
                    if (_isScheduleSet(oldSchedule)) {
                        // Emit for implicit cancellations when another default admin was scheduled.
                        emit DefaultAdminTransferCanceled();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Setter of the tuple for pending delay and its schedule.
                 *
                 * May emit a DefaultAdminDelayChangeCanceled event.
                 */
                function _setPendingDelay(uint48 newDelay, uint48 newSchedule) private {
                    AccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlDefaultAdminRulesStorage();
                    uint48 oldSchedule = $._pendingDelaySchedule;
                    if (_isScheduleSet(oldSchedule)) {
                        if (_hasSchedulePassed(oldSchedule)) {
                            // Materialize a virtual delay
                            $._currentDelay = $._pendingDelay;
                        } else {
                            // Emit for implicit cancellations when another delay was scheduled.
                            emit DefaultAdminDelayChangeCanceled();
                        }
                    }
                    $._pendingDelay = newDelay;
                    $._pendingDelaySchedule = newSchedule;
                }
                ///
                /// Private helpers
                ///
                /**
                 * @dev Defines if an `schedule` is considered set. For consistency purposes.
                 */
                function _isScheduleSet(uint48 schedule) private pure returns (bool) {
                    return schedule != 0;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Defines if an `schedule` is considered passed. For consistency purposes.
                 */
                function _hasSchedulePassed(uint48 schedule) private view returns (bool) {
                    return schedule < block.timestamp;
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            import {IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules} from
                "openzeppelin-contracts/access/extensions/IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules.sol";
            // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
            interface IRegistryAccess is IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules {}
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
            pragma solidity 0.8.20;
            error AlreadyClaimed();
            error AlreadyWhitelisted();
            error AmountTooBig();
            error AmountTooLow();
            error AmountIsZero();
            error Blacklisted();
            error NotAllowlisted(address);
            error Empty();
            error SameValue();
            error Invalid();
            error InvalidToken();
            error InvalidName();
            error InvalidSymbol();
            error LockedOffer();
            error NotAuthorized();
            error NotClaimableYet();
            error NotWhitelisted();
            error NullAddress();
            error NullContract();
            error PriceUpdateBlocked();
            error OracleNotWorkingNotCurrent();
            error OracleNotInitialized();
            error OutOfBounds();
            error InvalidTimeout();
            error RedeemMustNotBePaused();
            error RedeemMustBePaused();
            error SwapMustNotBePaused();
            error SwapMustBePaused();
            error StablecoinDepeg();
            error DepegThresholdTooHigh();
            error TokenNotWhitelist();
            error BondFinished();
            error BondNotFinished();
            error BeginInPast();
            error CBRIsTooHigh();
            error CBRIsNull();
            error RedeemFeeTooBig();
            error CancelFeeTooBig();
            error MinterRewardTooBig();
            error CollateralProviderRewardTooBig();
            error DistributionRatioInvalid();
            error TooManyRWA();
            error FailingTransfer();
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/extensions/IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IAccessControl} from "../IAccessControl.sol";
            /**
             * @dev External interface of AccessControlDefaultAdminRules declared to support ERC165 detection.
             */
            interface IAccessControlDefaultAdminRules is IAccessControl {
                /**
                 * @dev The new default admin is not a valid default admin.
                 */
                error AccessControlInvalidDefaultAdmin(address defaultAdmin);
                /**
                 * @dev At least one of the following rules was violated:
                 *
                 * - The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` must only be managed by itself.
                 * - The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` must only be held by one account at the time.
                 * - Any `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` transfer must be in two delayed steps.
                 */
                error AccessControlEnforcedDefaultAdminRules();
                /**
                 * @dev The delay for transferring the default admin delay is enforced and
                 * the operation must wait until `schedule`.
                 *
                 * NOTE: `schedule` can be 0 indicating there's no transfer scheduled.
                 */
                error AccessControlEnforcedDefaultAdminDelay(uint48 schedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when a {defaultAdmin} transfer is started, setting `newAdmin` as the next
                 * address to become the {defaultAdmin} by calling {acceptDefaultAdminTransfer} only after `acceptSchedule`
                 * passes.
                 */
                event DefaultAdminTransferScheduled(address indexed newAdmin, uint48 acceptSchedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when a {pendingDefaultAdmin} is reset if it was never accepted, regardless of its schedule.
                 */
                event DefaultAdminTransferCanceled();
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when a {defaultAdminDelay} change is started, setting `newDelay` as the next
                 * delay to be applied between default admin transfer after `effectSchedule` has passed.
                 */
                event DefaultAdminDelayChangeScheduled(uint48 newDelay, uint48 effectSchedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when a {pendingDefaultAdminDelay} is reset if its schedule didn't pass.
                 */
                event DefaultAdminDelayChangeCanceled();
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the address of the current `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` holder.
                 */
                function defaultAdmin() external view returns (address);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns a tuple of a `newAdmin` and an accept schedule.
                 *
                 * After the `schedule` passes, the `newAdmin` will be able to accept the {defaultAdmin} role
                 * by calling {acceptDefaultAdminTransfer}, completing the role transfer.
                 *
                 * A zero value only in `acceptSchedule` indicates no pending admin transfer.
                 *
                 * NOTE: A zero address `newAdmin` means that {defaultAdmin} is being renounced.
                 */
                function pendingDefaultAdmin() external view returns (address newAdmin, uint48 acceptSchedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the delay required to schedule the acceptance of a {defaultAdmin} transfer started.
                 *
                 * This delay will be added to the current timestamp when calling {beginDefaultAdminTransfer} to set
                 * the acceptance schedule.
                 *
                 * NOTE: If a delay change has been scheduled, it will take effect as soon as the schedule passes, making this
                 * function returns the new delay. See {changeDefaultAdminDelay}.
                 */
                function defaultAdminDelay() external view returns (uint48);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns a tuple of `newDelay` and an effect schedule.
                 *
                 * After the `schedule` passes, the `newDelay` will get into effect immediately for every
                 * new {defaultAdmin} transfer started with {beginDefaultAdminTransfer}.
                 *
                 * A zero value only in `effectSchedule` indicates no pending delay change.
                 *
                 * NOTE: A zero value only for `newDelay` means that the next {defaultAdminDelay}
                 * will be zero after the effect schedule.
                 */
                function pendingDefaultAdminDelay() external view returns (uint48 newDelay, uint48 effectSchedule);
                /**
                 * @dev Starts a {defaultAdmin} transfer by setting a {pendingDefaultAdmin} scheduled for acceptance
                 * after the current timestamp plus a {defaultAdminDelay}.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the current {defaultAdmin}.
                 *
                 * Emits a DefaultAdminRoleChangeStarted event.
                 */
                function beginDefaultAdminTransfer(address newAdmin) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Cancels a {defaultAdmin} transfer previously started with {beginDefaultAdminTransfer}.
                 *
                 * A {pendingDefaultAdmin} not yet accepted can also be cancelled with this function.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the current {defaultAdmin}.
                 *
                 * May emit a DefaultAdminTransferCanceled event.
                 */
                function cancelDefaultAdminTransfer() external;
                /**
                 * @dev Completes a {defaultAdmin} transfer previously started with {beginDefaultAdminTransfer}.
                 *
                 * After calling the function:
                 *
                 * - `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` should be granted to the caller.
                 * - `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` should be revoked from the previous holder.
                 * - {pendingDefaultAdmin} should be reset to zero values.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the {pendingDefaultAdmin}'s `newAdmin`.
                 * - The {pendingDefaultAdmin}'s `acceptSchedule` should've passed.
                 */
                function acceptDefaultAdminTransfer() external;
                /**
                 * @dev Initiates a {defaultAdminDelay} update by setting a {pendingDefaultAdminDelay} scheduled for getting
                 * into effect after the current timestamp plus a {defaultAdminDelay}.
                 *
                 * This function guarantees that any call to {beginDefaultAdminTransfer} done between the timestamp this
                 * method is called and the {pendingDefaultAdminDelay} effect schedule will use the current {defaultAdminDelay}
                 * set before calling.
                 *
                 * The {pendingDefaultAdminDelay}'s effect schedule is defined in a way that waiting until the schedule and then
                 * calling {beginDefaultAdminTransfer} with the new delay will take at least the same as another {defaultAdmin}
                 * complete transfer (including acceptance).
                 *
                 * The schedule is designed for two scenarios:
                 *
                 * - When the delay is changed for a larger one the schedule is `block.timestamp + newDelay` capped by
                 * {defaultAdminDelayIncreaseWait}.
                 * - When the delay is changed for a shorter one, the schedule is `block.timestamp + (current delay - new delay)`.
                 *
                 * A {pendingDefaultAdminDelay} that never got into effect will be canceled in favor of a new scheduled change.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the current {defaultAdmin}.
                 *
                 * Emits a DefaultAdminDelayChangeScheduled event and may emit a DefaultAdminDelayChangeCanceled event.
                 */
                function changeDefaultAdminDelay(uint48 newDelay) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Cancels a scheduled {defaultAdminDelay} change.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - Only can be called by the current {defaultAdmin}.
                 *
                 * May emit a DefaultAdminDelayChangeCanceled event.
                 */
                function rollbackDefaultAdminDelay() external;
                /**
                 * @dev Maximum time in seconds for an increase to {defaultAdminDelay} (that is scheduled using {changeDefaultAdminDelay})
                 * to take effect. Default to 5 days.
                 *
                 * When the {defaultAdminDelay} is scheduled to be increased, it goes into effect after the new delay has passed with
                 * the purpose of giving enough time for reverting any accidental change (i.e. using milliseconds instead of seconds)
                 * that may lock the contract. However, to avoid excessive schedules, the wait is capped by this function and it can
                 * be overrode for a custom {defaultAdminDelay} increase scheduling.
                 *
                 * IMPORTANT: Make sure to add a reasonable amount of time while overriding this value, otherwise,
                 * there's a risk of setting a high new delay that goes into effect almost immediately without the
                 * possibility of human intervention in the case of an input error (eg. set milliseconds instead of seconds).
                 */
                function defaultAdminDelayIncreaseWait() external view returns (uint48);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/AccessControl.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IAccessControl} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/IAccessControl.sol";
            import {ContextUpgradeable} from "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
            import {ERC165Upgradeable} from "../utils/introspection/ERC165Upgradeable.sol";
            import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Contract module that allows children to implement role-based access
             * control mechanisms. This is a lightweight version that doesn't allow enumerating role
             * members except through off-chain means by accessing the contract event logs. Some
             * applications may benefit from on-chain enumerability, for those cases see
             * {AccessControlEnumerable}.
             *
             * Roles are referred to by their `bytes32` identifier. These should be exposed
             * in the external API and be unique. The best way to achieve this is by
             * using `public constant` hash digests:
             *
             * ```solidity
             * bytes32 public constant MY_ROLE = keccak256("MY_ROLE");
             * ```
             *
             * Roles can be used to represent a set of permissions. To restrict access to a
             * function call, use {hasRole}:
             *
             * ```solidity
             * function foo() public {
             *     require(hasRole(MY_ROLE, msg.sender));
             *     ...
             * }
             * ```
             *
             * Roles can be granted and revoked dynamically via the {grantRole} and
             * {revokeRole} functions. Each role has an associated admin role, and only
             * accounts that have a role's admin role can call {grantRole} and {revokeRole}.
             *
             * By default, the admin role for all roles is `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`, which means
             * that only accounts with this role will be able to grant or revoke other
             * roles. More complex role relationships can be created by using
             * {_setRoleAdmin}.
             *
             * WARNING: The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is also its own admin: it has permission to
             * grant and revoke this role. Extra precautions should be taken to secure
             * accounts that have been granted it. We recommend using {AccessControlDefaultAdminRules}
             * to enforce additional security measures for this role.
             */
            abstract contract AccessControlUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, IAccessControl, ERC165Upgradeable {
                struct RoleData {
                    mapping(address account => bool) hasRole;
                    bytes32 adminRole;
                }
                bytes32 public constant DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE = 0x00;
                /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.AccessControl
                struct AccessControlStorage {
                    mapping(bytes32 role => RoleData) _roles;
                }
                // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.AccessControl")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
                bytes32 private constant AccessControlStorageLocation = 0x02dd7bc7dec4dceedda775e58dd541e08a116c6c53815c0bd028192f7b626800;
                function _getAccessControlStorage() private pure returns (AccessControlStorage storage $) {
                    assembly {
                        $.slot := AccessControlStorageLocation
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Modifier that checks that an account has a specific role. Reverts
                 * with an {AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount} error including the required role.
                 */
                modifier onlyRole(bytes32 role) {
                    _checkRole(role);
                    _;
                }
                function __AccessControl_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                }
                function __AccessControl_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
                 */
                function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
                    return interfaceId == type(IAccessControl).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
                 */
                function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) public view virtual returns (bool) {
                    AccessControlStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlStorage();
                    return $._roles[role].hasRole[account];
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Reverts with an {AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount} error if `_msgSender()`
                 * is missing `role`. Overriding this function changes the behavior of the {onlyRole} modifier.
                 */
                function _checkRole(bytes32 role) internal view virtual {
                    _checkRole(role, _msgSender());
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Reverts with an {AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount} error if `account`
                 * is missing `role`.
                 */
                function _checkRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal view virtual {
                    if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
                        revert AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount(account, role);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
                 * {revokeRole}.
                 *
                 * To change a role's admin, use {_setRoleAdmin}.
                 */
                function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) public view virtual returns (bytes32) {
                    AccessControlStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlStorage();
                    return $._roles[role].adminRole;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
                 *
                 * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
                 * event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
                 *
                 * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
                 */
                function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
                    _grantRole(role, account);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
                 *
                 * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
                 *
                 * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
                 */
                function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
                    _revokeRole(role, account);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
                 *
                 * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
                 * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
                 * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
                 *
                 * If the calling account had been revoked `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
                 * event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the caller must be `callerConfirmation`.
                 *
                 * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
                 */
                function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address callerConfirmation) public virtual {
                    if (callerConfirmation != _msgSender()) {
                        revert AccessControlBadConfirmation();
                    }
                    _revokeRole(role, callerConfirmation);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Sets `adminRole` as ``role``'s admin role.
                 *
                 * Emits a {RoleAdminChanged} event.
                 */
                function _setRoleAdmin(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) internal virtual {
                    AccessControlStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlStorage();
                    bytes32 previousAdminRole = getRoleAdmin(role);
                    $._roles[role].adminRole = adminRole;
                    emit RoleAdminChanged(role, previousAdminRole, adminRole);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Attempts to grant `role` to `account` and returns a boolean indicating if `role` was granted.
                 *
                 * Internal function without access restriction.
                 *
                 * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
                 */
                function _grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual returns (bool) {
                    AccessControlStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlStorage();
                    if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
                        $._roles[role].hasRole[account] = true;
                        emit RoleGranted(role, account, _msgSender());
                        return true;
                    } else {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Attempts to revoke `role` to `account` and returns a boolean indicating if `role` was revoked.
                 *
                 * Internal function without access restriction.
                 *
                 * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
                 */
                function _revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual returns (bool) {
                    AccessControlStorage storage $ = _getAccessControlStorage();
                    if (hasRole(role, account)) {
                        $._roles[role].hasRole[account] = false;
                        emit RoleRevoked(role, account, _msgSender());
                        return true;
                    } else {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/IAccessControl.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev External interface of AccessControl declared to support ERC165 detection.
             */
            interface IAccessControl {
                /**
                 * @dev The `account` is missing a role.
                 */
                error AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount(address account, bytes32 neededRole);
                /**
                 * @dev The caller of a function is not the expected one.
                 *
                 * NOTE: Don't confuse with {AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount}.
                 */
                error AccessControlBadConfirmation();
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when `newAdminRole` is set as ``role``'s admin role, replacing `previousAdminRole`
                 *
                 * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is the starting admin for all roles, despite
                 * {RoleAdminChanged} not being emitted signaling this.
                 */
                event RoleAdminChanged(bytes32 indexed role, bytes32 indexed previousAdminRole, bytes32 indexed newAdminRole);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `role`.
                 *
                 * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call, an admin role
                 * bearer except when using {AccessControl-_setupRole}.
                 */
                event RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);
                /**
                 * @dev Emitted when `account` is revoked `role`.
                 *
                 * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call:
                 *   - if using `revokeRole`, it is the admin role bearer
                 *   - if using `renounceRole`, it is the role bearer (i.e. `account`)
                 */
                event RoleRevoked(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
                 */
                function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) external view returns (bool);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
                 * {revokeRole}.
                 *
                 * To change a role's admin, use {AccessControl-_setRoleAdmin}.
                 */
                function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) external view returns (bytes32);
                /**
                 * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
                 *
                 * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
                 * event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
                 */
                function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
                 *
                 * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
                 */
                function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
                /**
                 * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
                 *
                 * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
                 * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
                 * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
                 *
                 * If the calling account had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
                 * event.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - the caller must be `callerConfirmation`.
                 */
                function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address callerConfirmation) external;
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/SafeCast.sol)
            // This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/SafeCast.js.
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX casting operators with added overflow
             * checks.
             *
             * Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
             * easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
             * assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
             * reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
             *
             * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
             * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
             */
            library SafeCast {
                /**
                 * @dev Value doesn't fit in an uint of `bits` size.
                 */
                error SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(uint8 bits, uint256 value);
                /**
                 * @dev An int value doesn't fit in an uint of `bits` size.
                 */
                error SafeCastOverflowedIntToUint(int256 value);
                /**
                 * @dev Value doesn't fit in an int of `bits` size.
                 */
                error SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(uint8 bits, int256 value);
                /**
                 * @dev An uint value doesn't fit in an int of `bits` size.
                 */
                error SafeCastOverflowedUintToInt(uint256 value);
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint248 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint248).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint248` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 248 bits
                 */
                function toUint248(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint248) {
                    if (value > type(uint248).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(248, value);
                    }
                    return uint248(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint240 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint240).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint240` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 240 bits
                 */
                function toUint240(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint240) {
                    if (value > type(uint240).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(240, value);
                    }
                    return uint240(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint232 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint232).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint232` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 232 bits
                 */
                function toUint232(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint232) {
                    if (value > type(uint232).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(232, value);
                    }
                    return uint232(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint224 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint224).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint224` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 224 bits
                 */
                function toUint224(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint224) {
                    if (value > type(uint224).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(224, value);
                    }
                    return uint224(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint216 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint216).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint216` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 216 bits
                 */
                function toUint216(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint216) {
                    if (value > type(uint216).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(216, value);
                    }
                    return uint216(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint208 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint208).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint208` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 208 bits
                 */
                function toUint208(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint208) {
                    if (value > type(uint208).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(208, value);
                    }
                    return uint208(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint200 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint200).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint200` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 200 bits
                 */
                function toUint200(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint200) {
                    if (value > type(uint200).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(200, value);
                    }
                    return uint200(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint192 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint192).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint192` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 192 bits
                 */
                function toUint192(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint192) {
                    if (value > type(uint192).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(192, value);
                    }
                    return uint192(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint184 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint184).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint184` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 184 bits
                 */
                function toUint184(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint184) {
                    if (value > type(uint184).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(184, value);
                    }
                    return uint184(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint176 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint176).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint176` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 176 bits
                 */
                function toUint176(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint176) {
                    if (value > type(uint176).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(176, value);
                    }
                    return uint176(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint168 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint168).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint168` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 168 bits
                 */
                function toUint168(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint168) {
                    if (value > type(uint168).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(168, value);
                    }
                    return uint168(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint160 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint160).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint160` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 160 bits
                 */
                function toUint160(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint160) {
                    if (value > type(uint160).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(160, value);
                    }
                    return uint160(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint152 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint152).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint152` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 152 bits
                 */
                function toUint152(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint152) {
                    if (value > type(uint152).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(152, value);
                    }
                    return uint152(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint144 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint144).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint144` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 144 bits
                 */
                function toUint144(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint144) {
                    if (value > type(uint144).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(144, value);
                    }
                    return uint144(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint136 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint136).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint136` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 136 bits
                 */
                function toUint136(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint136) {
                    if (value > type(uint136).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(136, value);
                    }
                    return uint136(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 128 bits
                 */
                function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
                    if (value > type(uint128).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(128, value);
                    }
                    return uint128(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint120 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint120).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint120` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 120 bits
                 */
                function toUint120(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint120) {
                    if (value > type(uint120).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(120, value);
                    }
                    return uint120(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint112 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint112).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint112` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 112 bits
                 */
                function toUint112(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint112) {
                    if (value > type(uint112).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(112, value);
                    }
                    return uint112(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint104 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint104).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint104` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 104 bits
                 */
                function toUint104(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint104) {
                    if (value > type(uint104).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(104, value);
                    }
                    return uint104(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint96 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint96).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint96` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 96 bits
                 */
                function toUint96(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint96) {
                    if (value > type(uint96).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(96, value);
                    }
                    return uint96(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint88 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint88).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint88` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 88 bits
                 */
                function toUint88(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint88) {
                    if (value > type(uint88).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(88, value);
                    }
                    return uint88(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint80 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint80).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint80` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 80 bits
                 */
                function toUint80(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint80) {
                    if (value > type(uint80).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(80, value);
                    }
                    return uint80(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint72 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint72).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint72` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 72 bits
                 */
                function toUint72(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint72) {
                    if (value > type(uint72).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(72, value);
                    }
                    return uint72(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 64 bits
                 */
                function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
                    if (value > type(uint64).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(64, value);
                    }
                    return uint64(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint56 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint56).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint56` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 56 bits
                 */
                function toUint56(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint56) {
                    if (value > type(uint56).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(56, value);
                    }
                    return uint56(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint48 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint48).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint48` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 48 bits
                 */
                function toUint48(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint48) {
                    if (value > type(uint48).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(48, value);
                    }
                    return uint48(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint40` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 40 bits
                 */
                function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
                    if (value > type(uint40).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(40, value);
                    }
                    return uint40(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 32 bits
                 */
                function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
                    if (value > type(uint32).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(32, value);
                    }
                    return uint32(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint24 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint24).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint24` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 24 bits
                 */
                function toUint24(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint24) {
                    if (value > type(uint24).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(24, value);
                    }
                    return uint24(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 16 bits
                 */
                function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
                    if (value > type(uint16).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(16, value);
                    }
                    return uint16(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 8 bits
                 */
                function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
                    if (value > type(uint8).max) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(8, value);
                    }
                    return uint8(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
                 */
                function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    if (value < 0) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntToUint(value);
                    }
                    return uint256(value);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int248 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int248 or
                 * greater than largest int248).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int248` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 248 bits
                 */
                function toInt248(int256 value) internal pure returns (int248 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int248(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(248, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int240 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int240 or
                 * greater than largest int240).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int240` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 240 bits
                 */
                function toInt240(int256 value) internal pure returns (int240 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int240(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(240, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int232 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int232 or
                 * greater than largest int232).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int232` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 232 bits
                 */
                function toInt232(int256 value) internal pure returns (int232 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int232(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(232, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int224 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int224 or
                 * greater than largest int224).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int224` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 224 bits
                 */
                function toInt224(int256 value) internal pure returns (int224 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int224(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(224, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int216 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int216 or
                 * greater than largest int216).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int216` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 216 bits
                 */
                function toInt216(int256 value) internal pure returns (int216 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int216(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(216, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int208 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int208 or
                 * greater than largest int208).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int208` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 208 bits
                 */
                function toInt208(int256 value) internal pure returns (int208 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int208(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(208, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int200 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int200 or
                 * greater than largest int200).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int200` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 200 bits
                 */
                function toInt200(int256 value) internal pure returns (int200 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int200(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(200, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int192 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int192 or
                 * greater than largest int192).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int192` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 192 bits
                 */
                function toInt192(int256 value) internal pure returns (int192 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int192(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(192, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int184 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int184 or
                 * greater than largest int184).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int184` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 184 bits
                 */
                function toInt184(int256 value) internal pure returns (int184 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int184(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(184, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int176 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int176 or
                 * greater than largest int176).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int176` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 176 bits
                 */
                function toInt176(int256 value) internal pure returns (int176 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int176(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(176, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int168 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int168 or
                 * greater than largest int168).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int168` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 168 bits
                 */
                function toInt168(int256 value) internal pure returns (int168 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int168(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(168, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int160 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int160 or
                 * greater than largest int160).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int160` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 160 bits
                 */
                function toInt160(int256 value) internal pure returns (int160 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int160(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(160, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int152 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int152 or
                 * greater than largest int152).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int152` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 152 bits
                 */
                function toInt152(int256 value) internal pure returns (int152 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int152(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(152, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int144 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int144 or
                 * greater than largest int144).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int144` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 144 bits
                 */
                function toInt144(int256 value) internal pure returns (int144 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int144(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(144, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int136 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int136 or
                 * greater than largest int136).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int136` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 136 bits
                 */
                function toInt136(int256 value) internal pure returns (int136 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int136(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(136, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
                 * greater than largest int128).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 128 bits
                 */
                function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int128(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(128, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int120 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int120 or
                 * greater than largest int120).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int120` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 120 bits
                 */
                function toInt120(int256 value) internal pure returns (int120 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int120(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(120, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int112 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int112 or
                 * greater than largest int112).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int112` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 112 bits
                 */
                function toInt112(int256 value) internal pure returns (int112 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int112(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(112, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int104 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int104 or
                 * greater than largest int104).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int104` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 104 bits
                 */
                function toInt104(int256 value) internal pure returns (int104 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int104(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(104, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int96 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int96 or
                 * greater than largest int96).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int96` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 96 bits
                 */
                function toInt96(int256 value) internal pure returns (int96 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int96(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(96, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int88 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int88 or
                 * greater than largest int88).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int88` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 88 bits
                 */
                function toInt88(int256 value) internal pure returns (int88 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int88(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(88, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int80 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int80 or
                 * greater than largest int80).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int80` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 80 bits
                 */
                function toInt80(int256 value) internal pure returns (int80 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int80(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(80, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int72 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int72 or
                 * greater than largest int72).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int72` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 72 bits
                 */
                function toInt72(int256 value) internal pure returns (int72 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int72(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(72, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
                 * greater than largest int64).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 64 bits
                 */
                function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int64(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(64, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int56 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int56 or
                 * greater than largest int56).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int56` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 56 bits
                 */
                function toInt56(int256 value) internal pure returns (int56 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int56(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(56, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int48 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int48 or
                 * greater than largest int48).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int48` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 48 bits
                 */
                function toInt48(int256 value) internal pure returns (int48 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int48(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(48, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int40 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int40 or
                 * greater than largest int40).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int40` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 40 bits
                 */
                function toInt40(int256 value) internal pure returns (int40 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int40(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(40, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
                 * greater than largest int32).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 32 bits
                 */
                function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int32(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(32, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int24 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int24 or
                 * greater than largest int24).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int24` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 24 bits
                 */
                function toInt24(int256 value) internal pure returns (int24 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int24(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(24, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
                 * greater than largest int16).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 16 bits
                 */
                function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int16(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(16, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
                 * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
                 * greater than largest int8).
                 *
                 * Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must fit into 8 bits
                 */
                function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8 downcasted) {
                    downcasted = int8(value);
                    if (downcasted != value) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(8, value);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
                 *
                 * Requirements:
                 *
                 * - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
                 */
                function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
                    // Note: Unsafe cast below is okay because `type(int256).max` is guaranteed to be positive
                    if (value > uint256(type(int256).max)) {
                        revert SafeCastOverflowedUintToInt(value);
                    }
                    return int256(value);
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
             */
            library Math {
                /**
                 * @dev Muldiv operation overflow.
                 */
                error MathOverflowedMulDiv();
                enum Rounding {
                    Floor, // Toward negative infinity
                    Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
                    Trunc, // Toward zero
                    Expand // Away from zero
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
                 */
                function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 c = a + b;
                        if (c < a) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, c);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
                 */
                function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        if (b > a) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, a - b);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
                 */
                function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
                        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
                        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
                        if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
                        uint256 c = a * b;
                        if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, c);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
                 */
                function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, a / b);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
                 */
                function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
                        return (true, a % b);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
                 */
                function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    return a > b ? a : b;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
                 */
                function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    return a < b ? a : b;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
                 * zero.
                 */
                function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
                    return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
                 *
                 * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
                 * of rounding towards zero.
                 */
                function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    if (b == 0) {
                        // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
                        return a / b;
                    }
                    // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
                    return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
                }
                /**
                 * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
                 * denominator == 0.
                 * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
                 * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
                 */
                function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
                    unchecked {
                        // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
                        // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
                        // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
                        uint256 prod0 = x * y; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
                        uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
                        assembly {
                            let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                            prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
                        }
                        // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
                        if (prod1 == 0) {
                            // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                            // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                            // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                            return prod0 / denominator;
                        }
                        // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
                        if (denominator <= prod1) {
                            revert MathOverflowedMulDiv();
                        }
                        ///////////////////////////////////////////////
                        // 512 by 256 division.
                        ///////////////////////////////////////////////
                        // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
                        uint256 remainder;
                        assembly {
                            // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                            remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)
                            // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                            prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                            prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
                        }
                        // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
                        // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.
                        uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
                        assembly {
                            // Divide denominator by twos.
                            denominator := div(denominator, twos)
                            // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                            prod0 := div(prod0, twos)
                            // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                            twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
                        }
                        // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
                        prod0 |= prod1 * twos;
                        // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
                        // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
                        // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
                        uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;
                        // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
                        // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
                        inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256
                        // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
                        // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
                        // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
                        // is no longer required.
                        result = prod0 * inverse;
                        return result;
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
                 */
                function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
                    if (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
                        result += 1;
                    }
                    return result;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
                 * towards zero.
                 *
                 * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
                 */
                function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    if (a == 0) {
                        return 0;
                    }
                    // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
                    //
                    // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
                    // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
                    //
                    // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
                    // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
                    // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
                    //
                    // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
                    uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);
                    // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
                    // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
                    // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
                    // into the expected uint128 result.
                    unchecked {
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                        return min(result, a / result);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
                 */
                function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 result = sqrt(a);
                        return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    uint256 result = 0;
                    unchecked {
                        if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                            value >>= 128;
                            result += 128;
                        }
                        if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                            value >>= 64;
                            result += 64;
                        }
                        if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                            value >>= 32;
                            result += 32;
                        }
                        if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                            value >>= 16;
                            result += 16;
                        }
                        if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                            value >>= 8;
                            result += 8;
                        }
                        if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                            value >>= 4;
                            result += 4;
                        }
                        if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                            value >>= 2;
                            result += 2;
                        }
                        if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                            result += 1;
                        }
                    }
                    return result;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 result = log2(value);
                        return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    uint256 result = 0;
                    unchecked {
                        if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                            value /= 10 ** 64;
                            result += 64;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                            value /= 10 ** 32;
                            result += 32;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                            value /= 10 ** 16;
                            result += 16;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                            value /= 10 ** 8;
                            result += 8;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                            value /= 10 ** 4;
                            result += 4;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                            value /= 10 ** 2;
                            result += 2;
                        }
                        if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                            result += 1;
                        }
                    }
                    return result;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 result = log10(value);
                        return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 *
                 * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
                 */
                function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    uint256 result = 0;
                    unchecked {
                        if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                            value >>= 128;
                            result += 16;
                        }
                        if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                            value >>= 64;
                            result += 8;
                        }
                        if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                            value >>= 32;
                            result += 4;
                        }
                        if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                            value >>= 16;
                            result += 2;
                        }
                        if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                            result += 1;
                        }
                    }
                    return result;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
                 * Returns 0 if given 0.
                 */
                function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 result = log256(value);
                        return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
                 */
                function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
                    return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC5313.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Interface for the Light Contract Ownership Standard.
             *
             * A standardized minimal interface required to identify an account that controls a contract
             */
            interface IERC5313 {
                /**
                 * @dev Gets the address of the owner.
                 */
                function owner() external view returns (address);
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
             * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
             * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
             * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
             *
             * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
             * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
             * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
             *
             * For example:
             *
             * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
             * ```solidity
             * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
             *     function initialize() initializer public {
             *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
             *     }
             * }
             *
             * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
             *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
             *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
             *     }
             * }
             * ```
             *
             * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
             * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
             *
             * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
             * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
             *
             * [CAUTION]
             * ====
             * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
             *
             * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
             * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
             * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
             *
             * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
             * ```
             * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
             * constructor() {
             *     _disableInitializers();
             * }
             * ```
             * ====
             */
            abstract contract Initializable {
                /**
                 * @dev Storage of the initializable contract.
                 *
                 * It's implemented on a custom ERC-7201 namespace to reduce the risk of storage collisions
                 * when using with upgradeable contracts.
                 *
                 * @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Initializable
                 */
                struct InitializableStorage {
                    /**
                     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
                     */
                    uint64 _initialized;
                    /**
                     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
                     */
                    bool _initializing;
                }
                // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Initializable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
                bytes32 private constant INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE = 0xf0c57e16840df040f15088dc2f81fe391c3923bec73e23a9662efc9c229c6a00;
                /**
                 * @dev The contract is already initialized.
                 */
                error InvalidInitialization();
                /**
                 * @dev The contract is not initializing.
                 */
                error NotInitializing();
                /**
                 * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
                 */
                event Initialized(uint64 version);
                /**
                 * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
                 * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
                 *
                 * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that in the context of a constructor an `initializer` may be invoked any
                 * number of times. This behavior in the constructor can be useful during testing and is not expected to be used in
                 * production.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Initialized} event.
                 */
                modifier initializer() {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
                    InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();
                    // Cache values to avoid duplicated sloads
                    bool isTopLevelCall = !$._initializing;
                    uint64 initialized = $._initialized;
                    // Allowed calls:
                    // - initialSetup: the contract is not in the initializing state and no previous version was
                    //                 initialized
                    // - construction: the contract is initialized at version 1 (no reininitialization) and the
                    //                 current contract is just being deployed
                    bool initialSetup = initialized == 0 && isTopLevelCall;
                    bool construction = initialized == 1 && address(this).code.length == 0;
                    if (!initialSetup && !construction) {
                        revert InvalidInitialization();
                    }
                    $._initialized = 1;
                    if (isTopLevelCall) {
                        $._initializing = true;
                    }
                    _;
                    if (isTopLevelCall) {
                        $._initializing = false;
                        emit Initialized(1);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
                 * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
                 * used to initialize parent contracts.
                 *
                 * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
                 * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
                 *
                 * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
                 * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
                 *
                 * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
                 * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
                 *
                 * WARNING: Setting the version to 2**64 - 1 will prevent any future reinitialization.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Initialized} event.
                 */
                modifier reinitializer(uint64 version) {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
                    InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();
                    if ($._initializing || $._initialized >= version) {
                        revert InvalidInitialization();
                    }
                    $._initialized = version;
                    $._initializing = true;
                    _;
                    $._initializing = false;
                    emit Initialized(version);
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
                 * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
                 */
                modifier onlyInitializing() {
                    _checkInitializing();
                    _;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Reverts if the contract is not in an initializing state. See {onlyInitializing}.
                 */
                function _checkInitializing() internal view virtual {
                    if (!_isInitializing()) {
                        revert NotInitializing();
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
                 * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
                 * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
                 * through proxies.
                 *
                 * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
                 */
                function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
                    InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();
                    if ($._initializing) {
                        revert InvalidInitialization();
                    }
                    if ($._initialized != type(uint64).max) {
                        $._initialized = type(uint64).max;
                        emit Initialized(type(uint64).max);
                    }
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
                 */
                function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint64) {
                    return _getInitializableStorage()._initialized;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
                 */
                function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
                    return _getInitializableStorage()._initializing;
                }
                /**
                 * @dev Returns a pointer to the storage namespace.
                 */
                // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
                function _getInitializableStorage() private pure returns (InitializableStorage storage $) {
                    assembly {
                        $.slot := INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE
                    }
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
             * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
             * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
             * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
             * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
             * is concerned).
             *
             * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
             */
            abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
                function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                }
                function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
                }
                function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
                    return msg.sender;
                }
                function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
                    return msg.data;
                }
                function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
                    return 0;
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            import {IERC165} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";
            import {Initializable} from "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
            /**
             * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
             *
             * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
             * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
             *
             * ```solidity
             * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
             *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
             * }
             * ```
             */
            abstract contract ERC165Upgradeable is Initializable, IERC165 {
                function __ERC165_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                }
                function __ERC165_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
                }
                /**
                 * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
                 */
                function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual returns (bool) {
                    return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
                }
            }
            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
            // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)
            pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
            /**
             * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
             *
             * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
             * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
             *
             * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
             */
            interface IERC165 {
                /**
                 * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
                 * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
                 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
                 * to learn more about how these ids are created.
                 *
                 * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
                 */
                function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
            }