// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/beacon/BeaconProxy.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IBeacon} from "./IBeacon.sol";
import {Proxy} from "../Proxy.sol";
import {ERC1967Utils} from "../ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol";
/**
 * @dev This contract implements a proxy that gets the implementation address for each call from an {UpgradeableBeacon}.
 *
 * The beacon address can only be set once during construction, and cannot be changed afterwards. It is stored in an
 * immutable variable to avoid unnecessary storage reads, and also in the beacon storage slot specified by
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] so that it can be accessed externally.
 *
 * CAUTION: Since the beacon address can never be changed, you must ensure that you either control the beacon, or trust
 * the beacon to not upgrade the implementation maliciously.
 *
 * IMPORTANT: Do not use the implementation logic to modify the beacon storage slot. Doing so would leave the proxy in
 * an inconsistent state where the beacon storage slot does not match the beacon address.
 */
contract BeaconProxy is Proxy {
    // An immutable address for the beacon to avoid unnecessary SLOADs before each delegate call.
    address private immutable _beacon;
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the proxy with `beacon`.
     *
     * If `data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to the implementation returned by the beacon. This
     * will typically be an encoded function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity
     * constructor.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `beacon` must be a contract with the interface {IBeacon}.
     * - If `data` is empty, `msg.value` must be zero.
     */
    constructor(address beacon, bytes memory data) payable {
        ERC1967Utils.upgradeBeaconToAndCall(beacon, data);
        _beacon = beacon;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address of the associated beacon.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address) {
        return IBeacon(_getBeacon()).implementation();
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the beacon.
     */
    function _getBeacon() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _beacon;
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeacon {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {UpgradeableBeacon} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
 * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
 * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
 *
 * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
 * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
 *
 * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
 */
abstract contract Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
        assembly {
            // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
            // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
            // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
            // Call the implementation.
            // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
            // Copy the returned data.
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
            switch result
            // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
            case 0 {
                revert(0, returndatasize())
            }
            default {
                return(0, returndatasize())
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback
     * function and {_fallback} should delegate.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _fallback() internal virtual {
        _delegate(_implementation());
    }
    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
     * function in the contract matches the call data.
     */
    fallback() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IBeacon} from "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
import {Address} from "../../utils/Address.sol";
import {StorageSlot} from "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";
/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
 */
library ERC1967Utils {
    // We re-declare ERC-1967 events here because they can't be used directly from IERC1967.
    // This will be fixed in Solidity 0.8.21. At that point we should remove these events.
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
    bytes32 internal constant IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
    /**
     * @dev The `implementation` of the proxy is invalid.
     */
    error ERC1967InvalidImplementation(address implementation);
    /**
     * @dev The `admin` of the proxy is invalid.
     */
    error ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address admin);
    /**
     * @dev The `beacon` of the proxy is invalid.
     */
    error ERC1967InvalidBeacon(address beacon);
    /**
     * @dev An upgrade function sees `msg.value > 0` that may be lost.
     */
    error ERC1967NonPayable();
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        if (newImplementation.code.length == 0) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(newImplementation);
        }
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Performs implementation upgrade with additional setup call if data is nonempty.
     * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
     * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-Upgraded} event.
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
        if (data.length > 0) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        } else {
            _checkNonPayable();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
    bytes32 internal constant ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using
     * the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
     */
    function getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        if (newAdmin == address(0)) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address(0));
        }
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit AdminChanged(getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }
    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.beacon" subtracted by 1.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
    bytes32 internal constant BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        if (newBeacon.code.length == 0) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidBeacon(newBeacon);
        }
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
        address beaconImplementation = IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation();
        if (beaconImplementation.code.length == 0) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(beaconImplementation);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Change the beacon and trigger a setup call if data is nonempty.
     * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
     * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-BeaconUpgraded} event.
     *
     * CAUTION: Invoking this function has no effect on an instance of {BeaconProxy} since v5, since
     * it uses an immutable beacon without looking at the value of the ERC-1967 beacon slot for
     * efficiency.
     */
    function upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
        if (data.length > 0) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        } else {
            _checkNonPayable();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Reverts if `msg.value` is not zero. It can be used to avoid `msg.value` stuck in the contract
     * if an upgrade doesn't perform an initialization call.
     */
    function _checkNonPayable() private {
        if (msg.value > 0) {
            revert ERC1967NonPayable();
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Address.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
     */
    error AddressInsufficientBalance(address account);
    /**
     * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
     */
    error AddressEmptyCode(address target);
    /**
     * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
     */
    error FailedInnerCall();
    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        if (address(this).balance < amount) {
            revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
        }
        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        if (!success) {
            revert FailedInnerCall();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
     * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
     * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
     * {FailedInnerCall} error.
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        if (address(this).balance < value) {
            revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
        }
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
     * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {FailedInnerCall}) in case of an
     * unsuccessful call.
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
            // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
            if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
            }
            return returndata;
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or with a default {FailedInnerCall} error.
     */
    function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            return returndata;
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {FailedInnerCall}.
     */
    function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert FailedInnerCall();
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```solidity
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(newImplementation.code.length > 0);
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }
    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }
    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }
    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }
    struct StringSlot {
        string value;
    }
    struct BytesSlot {
        bytes value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/beacon/UpgradeableBeacon.sol)
// Modified by Spectra to use AccessManager instead of Ownable for access control
pragma solidity 0.8.20;
import {IBeacon} from "openzeppelin-contracts/proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts/access/manager/AccessManaged.sol";
/**
 * @title AMBeacon
 * @dev This contract is used in conjunction with one or more instances of {BeaconProxy} to determine their
 * implementation contract, which is where they will delegate all function calls.
 *
 * Previously, the contract relied on the Ownable pattern from OpenZeppelin.
 * It has been modified by Spectra to use the AccessManaged for access control instead.
 *
 * The authority can change the implementation the beacon points to, thus upgrading the proxies that use this beacon.
 */
contract AMBeacon is IBeacon, AccessManaged {
    address private _implementation;
    /**
     * @dev The `implementation` of the beacon is invalid.
     */
    error BeaconInvalidImplementation(address implementation);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation returned by the beacon is changed.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the address of the initial implementation and the initial authority (Access Manager contract).
     *
     * @param implementation_ Address of the initial implementation.
     * @param initialAuthority Address of the initial authority (Access Manager contract).
     */
    constructor(address implementation_, address initialAuthority) AccessManaged(initialAuthority) {
        _setImplementation(implementation_);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function implementation() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _implementation;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Upgrades the beacon to a new implementation.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - msg.sender must have the appropriate role in the authority.
     *   By default it is the ADMIN_ROLE of the AccessManager contract.
     *   Other roles can be used see setTargetFunctionRole(target, selectors, roleId)
     *   in AccessManager.sol (OpenZeppelin 5.0)
     * - `newImplementation` must be a contract.
     */
    function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) public virtual restricted {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Sets the implementation contract address for this beacon
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `newImplementation` must be a contract.
     *
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        if (newImplementation.code.length == 0) {
            revert BeaconInvalidImplementation(newImplementation);
        }
        _implementation = newImplementation;
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeacon {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {UpgradeableBeacon} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/manager/AccessManaged.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IAuthority} from "./IAuthority.sol";
import {AuthorityUtils} from "./AuthorityUtils.sol";
import {IAccessManager} from "./IAccessManager.sol";
import {IAccessManaged} from "./IAccessManaged.sol";
import {Context} from "../../utils/Context.sol";
/**
 * @dev This contract module makes available a {restricted} modifier. Functions decorated with this modifier will be
 * permissioned according to an "authority": a contract like {AccessManager} that follows the {IAuthority} interface,
 * implementing a policy that allows certain callers to access certain functions.
 *
 * IMPORTANT: The `restricted` modifier should never be used on `internal` functions, judiciously used in `public`
 * functions, and ideally only used in `external` functions. See {restricted}.
 */
abstract contract AccessManaged is Context, IAccessManaged {
    address private _authority;
    bool private _consumingSchedule;
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract connected to an initial authority.
     */
    constructor(address initialAuthority) {
        _setAuthority(initialAuthority);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Restricts access to a function as defined by the connected Authority for this contract and the
     * caller and selector of the function that entered the contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * In general, this modifier should only be used on `external` functions. It is okay to use it on `public`
     * functions that are used as external entry points and are not called internally. Unless you know what you're
     * doing, it should never be used on `internal` functions. Failure to follow these rules can have critical security
     * implications! This is because the permissions are determined by the function that entered the contract, i.e. the
     * function at the bottom of the call stack, and not the function where the modifier is visible in the source code.
     * ====
     *
     * [WARNING]
     * ====
     * Avoid adding this modifier to the https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.20/contracts.html#receive-ether-function[`receive()`]
     * function or the https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.20/contracts.html#fallback-function[`fallback()`]. These
     * functions are the only execution paths where a function selector cannot be unambiguosly determined from the calldata
     * since the selector defaults to `0x00000000` in the `receive()` function and similarly in the `fallback()` function
     * if no calldata is provided. (See {_checkCanCall}).
     *
     * The `receive()` function will always panic whereas the `fallback()` may panic depending on the calldata length.
     * ====
     */
    modifier restricted() {
        _checkCanCall(_msgSender(), _msgData());
        _;
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IAccessManaged
    function authority() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _authority;
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IAccessManaged
    function setAuthority(address newAuthority) public virtual {
        address caller = _msgSender();
        if (caller != authority()) {
            revert AccessManagedUnauthorized(caller);
        }
        if (newAuthority.code.length == 0) {
            revert AccessManagedInvalidAuthority(newAuthority);
        }
        _setAuthority(newAuthority);
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IAccessManaged
    function isConsumingScheduledOp() public view returns (bytes4) {
        return _consumingSchedule ? this.isConsumingScheduledOp.selector : bytes4(0);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Transfers control to a new authority. Internal function with no access restriction. Allows bypassing the
     * permissions set by the current authority.
     */
    function _setAuthority(address newAuthority) internal virtual {
        _authority = newAuthority;
        emit AuthorityUpdated(newAuthority);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the caller is not allowed to call the function identified by a selector. Panics if the calldata
     * is less than 4 bytes long.
     */
    function _checkCanCall(address caller, bytes calldata data) internal virtual {
        (bool immediate, uint32 delay) = AuthorityUtils.canCallWithDelay(
            authority(),
            caller,
            address(this),
            bytes4(data[0:4])
        );
        if (!immediate) {
            if (delay > 0) {
                _consumingSchedule = true;
                IAccessManager(authority()).consumeScheduledOp(caller, data);
                _consumingSchedule = false;
            } else {
                revert AccessManagedUnauthorized(caller);
            }
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/manager/IAuthority.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Standard interface for permissioning originally defined in Dappsys.
 */
interface IAuthority {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the caller can invoke on a target the function identified by a function selector.
     */
    function canCall(address caller, address target, bytes4 selector) external view returns (bool allowed);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/manager/AuthorityUtils.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IAuthority} from "./IAuthority.sol";
library AuthorityUtils {
    /**
     * @dev Since `AccessManager` implements an extended IAuthority interface, invoking `canCall` with backwards compatibility
     * for the preexisting `IAuthority` interface requires special care to avoid reverting on insufficient return data.
     * This helper function takes care of invoking `canCall` in a backwards compatible way without reverting.
     */
    function canCallWithDelay(
        address authority,
        address caller,
        address target,
        bytes4 selector
    ) internal view returns (bool immediate, uint32 delay) {
        (bool success, bytes memory data) = authority.staticcall(
            abi.encodeCall(IAuthority.canCall, (caller, target, selector))
        );
        if (success) {
            if (data.length >= 0x40) {
                (immediate, delay) = abi.decode(data, (bool, uint32));
            } else if (data.length >= 0x20) {
                immediate = abi.decode(data, (bool));
            }
        }
        return (immediate, delay);
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/manager/IAccessManager.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IAccessManaged} from "./IAccessManaged.sol";
import {Time} from "../../utils/types/Time.sol";
interface IAccessManager {
    /**
     * @dev A delayed operation was scheduled.
     */
    event OperationScheduled(
        bytes32 indexed operationId,
        uint32 indexed nonce,
        uint48 schedule,
        address caller,
        address target,
        bytes data
    );
    /**
     * @dev A scheduled operation was executed.
     */
    event OperationExecuted(bytes32 indexed operationId, uint32 indexed nonce);
    /**
     * @dev A scheduled operation was canceled.
     */
    event OperationCanceled(bytes32 indexed operationId, uint32 indexed nonce);
    /**
     * @dev Informational labelling for a roleId.
     */
    event RoleLabel(uint64 indexed roleId, string label);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `roleId`.
     *
     * NOTE: The meaning of the `since` argument depends on the `newMember` argument.
     * If the role is granted to a new member, the `since` argument indicates when the account becomes a member of the role,
     * otherwise it indicates the execution delay for this account and roleId is updated.
     */
    event RoleGranted(uint64 indexed roleId, address indexed account, uint32 delay, uint48 since, bool newMember);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` membership or `roleId` is revoked. Unlike granting, revoking is instantaneous.
     */
    event RoleRevoked(uint64 indexed roleId, address indexed account);
    /**
     * @dev Role acting as admin over a given `roleId` is updated.
     */
    event RoleAdminChanged(uint64 indexed roleId, uint64 indexed admin);
    /**
     * @dev Role acting as guardian over a given `roleId` is updated.
     */
    event RoleGuardianChanged(uint64 indexed roleId, uint64 indexed guardian);
    /**
     * @dev Grant delay for a given `roleId` will be updated to `delay` when `since` is reached.
     */
    event RoleGrantDelayChanged(uint64 indexed roleId, uint32 delay, uint48 since);
    /**
     * @dev Target mode is updated (true = closed, false = open).
     */
    event TargetClosed(address indexed target, bool closed);
    /**
     * @dev Role required to invoke `selector` on `target` is updated to `roleId`.
     */
    event TargetFunctionRoleUpdated(address indexed target, bytes4 selector, uint64 indexed roleId);
    /**
     * @dev Admin delay for a given `target` will be updated to `delay` when `since` is reached.
     */
    event TargetAdminDelayUpdated(address indexed target, uint32 delay, uint48 since);
    error AccessManagerAlreadyScheduled(bytes32 operationId);
    error AccessManagerNotScheduled(bytes32 operationId);
    error AccessManagerNotReady(bytes32 operationId);
    error AccessManagerExpired(bytes32 operationId);
    error AccessManagerLockedAccount(address account);
    error AccessManagerLockedRole(uint64 roleId);
    error AccessManagerBadConfirmation();
    error AccessManagerUnauthorizedAccount(address msgsender, uint64 roleId);
    error AccessManagerUnauthorizedCall(address caller, address target, bytes4 selector);
    error AccessManagerUnauthorizedConsume(address target);
    error AccessManagerUnauthorizedCancel(address msgsender, address caller, address target, bytes4 selector);
    error AccessManagerInvalidInitialAdmin(address initialAdmin);
    /**
     * @dev Check if an address (`caller`) is authorised to call a given function on a given contract directly (with
     * no restriction). Additionally, it returns the delay needed to perform the call indirectly through the {schedule}
     * & {execute} workflow.
     *
     * This function is usually called by the targeted contract to control immediate execution of restricted functions.
     * Therefore we only return true if the call can be performed without any delay. If the call is subject to a
     * previously set delay (not zero), then the function should return false and the caller should schedule the operation
     * for future execution.
     *
     * If `immediate` is true, the delay can be disregarded and the operation can be immediately executed, otherwise
     * the operation can be executed if and only if delay is greater than 0.
     *
     * NOTE: The IAuthority interface does not include the `uint32` delay. This is an extension of that interface that
     * is backward compatible. Some contracts may thus ignore the second return argument. In that case they will fail
     * to identify the indirect workflow, and will consider calls that require a delay to be forbidden.
     *
     * NOTE: This function does not report the permissions of this manager itself. These are defined by the
     * {_canCallSelf} function instead.
     */
    function canCall(
        address caller,
        address target,
        bytes4 selector
    ) external view returns (bool allowed, uint32 delay);
    /**
     * @dev Expiration delay for scheduled proposals. Defaults to 1 week.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Avoid overriding the expiration with 0. Otherwise every contract proposal will be expired immediately,
     * disabling any scheduling usage.
     */
    function expiration() external view returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Minimum setback for all delay updates, with the exception of execution delays. It
     * can be increased without setback (and reset via {revokeRole} in the case event of an
     * accidental increase). Defaults to 5 days.
     */
    function minSetback() external view returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Get whether the contract is closed disabling any access. Otherwise role permissions are applied.
     */
    function isTargetClosed(address target) external view returns (bool);
    /**
     * @dev Get the role required to call a function.
     */
    function getTargetFunctionRole(address target, bytes4 selector) external view returns (uint64);
    /**
     * @dev Get the admin delay for a target contract. Changes to contract configuration are subject to this delay.
     */
    function getTargetAdminDelay(address target) external view returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Get the id of the role that acts as an admin for the given role.
     *
     * The admin permission is required to grant the role, revoke the role and update the execution delay to execute
     * an operation that is restricted to this role.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(uint64 roleId) external view returns (uint64);
    /**
     * @dev Get the role that acts as a guardian for a given role.
     *
     * The guardian permission allows canceling operations that have been scheduled under the role.
     */
    function getRoleGuardian(uint64 roleId) external view returns (uint64);
    /**
     * @dev Get the role current grant delay.
     *
     * Its value may change at any point without an event emitted following a call to {setGrantDelay}.
     * Changes to this value, including effect timepoint are notified in advance by the {RoleGrantDelayChanged} event.
     */
    function getRoleGrantDelay(uint64 roleId) external view returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Get the access details for a given account for a given role. These details include the timepoint at which
     * membership becomes active, and the delay applied to all operation by this user that requires this permission
     * level.
     *
     * Returns:
     * [0] Timestamp at which the account membership becomes valid. 0 means role is not granted.
     * [1] Current execution delay for the account.
     * [2] Pending execution delay for the account.
     * [3] Timestamp at which the pending execution delay will become active. 0 means no delay update is scheduled.
     */
    function getAccess(uint64 roleId, address account) external view returns (uint48, uint32, uint32, uint48);
    /**
     * @dev Check if a given account currently has the permission level corresponding to a given role. Note that this
     * permission might be associated with an execution delay. {getAccess} can provide more details.
     */
    function hasRole(uint64 roleId, address account) external view returns (bool, uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Give a label to a role, for improved role discoverability by UIs.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {RoleLabel} event.
     */
    function labelRole(uint64 roleId, string calldata label) external;
    /**
     * @dev Add `account` to `roleId`, or change its execution delay.
     *
     * This gives the account the authorization to call any function that is restricted to this role. An optional
     * execution delay (in seconds) can be set. If that delay is non 0, the user is required to schedule any operation
     * that is restricted to members of this role. The user will only be able to execute the operation after the delay has
     * passed, before it has expired. During this period, admin and guardians can cancel the operation (see {cancel}).
     *
     * If the account has already been granted this role, the execution delay will be updated. This update is not
     * immediate and follows the delay rules. For example, if a user currently has a delay of 3 hours, and this is
     * called to reduce that delay to 1 hour, the new delay will take some time to take effect, enforcing that any
     * operation executed in the 3 hours that follows this update was indeed scheduled before this update.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be an admin for the role (see {getRoleAdmin})
     * - granted role must not be the `PUBLIC_ROLE`
     *
     * Emits a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function grantRole(uint64 roleId, address account, uint32 executionDelay) external;
    /**
     * @dev Remove an account from a role, with immediate effect. If the account does not have the role, this call has
     * no effect.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be an admin for the role (see {getRoleAdmin})
     * - revoked role must not be the `PUBLIC_ROLE`
     *
     * Emits a {RoleRevoked} event if the account had the role.
     */
    function revokeRole(uint64 roleId, address account) external;
    /**
     * @dev Renounce role permissions for the calling account with immediate effect. If the sender is not in
     * the role this call has no effect.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `callerConfirmation`.
     *
     * Emits a {RoleRevoked} event if the account had the role.
     */
    function renounceRole(uint64 roleId, address callerConfirmation) external;
    /**
     * @dev Change admin role for a given role.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {RoleAdminChanged} event
     */
    function setRoleAdmin(uint64 roleId, uint64 admin) external;
    /**
     * @dev Change guardian role for a given role.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {RoleGuardianChanged} event
     */
    function setRoleGuardian(uint64 roleId, uint64 guardian) external;
    /**
     * @dev Update the delay for granting a `roleId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {RoleGrantDelayChanged} event.
     */
    function setGrantDelay(uint64 roleId, uint32 newDelay) external;
    /**
     * @dev Set the role required to call functions identified by the `selectors` in the `target` contract.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {TargetFunctionRoleUpdated} event per selector.
     */
    function setTargetFunctionRole(address target, bytes4[] calldata selectors, uint64 roleId) external;
    /**
     * @dev Set the delay for changing the configuration of a given target contract.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {TargetAdminDelayUpdated} event.
     */
    function setTargetAdminDelay(address target, uint32 newDelay) external;
    /**
     * @dev Set the closed flag for a contract.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {TargetClosed} event.
     */
    function setTargetClosed(address target, bool closed) external;
    /**
     * @dev Return the timepoint at which a scheduled operation will be ready for execution. This returns 0 if the
     * operation is not yet scheduled, has expired, was executed, or was canceled.
     */
    function getSchedule(bytes32 id) external view returns (uint48);
    /**
     * @dev Return the nonce for the latest scheduled operation with a given id. Returns 0 if the operation has never
     * been scheduled.
     */
    function getNonce(bytes32 id) external view returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Schedule a delayed operation for future execution, and return the operation identifier. It is possible to
     * choose the timestamp at which the operation becomes executable as long as it satisfies the execution delays
     * required for the caller. The special value zero will automatically set the earliest possible time.
     *
     * Returns the `operationId` that was scheduled. Since this value is a hash of the parameters, it can reoccur when
     * the same parameters are used; if this is relevant, the returned `nonce` can be used to uniquely identify this
     * scheduled operation from other occurrences of the same `operationId` in invocations of {execute} and {cancel}.
     *
     * Emits a {OperationScheduled} event.
     *
     * NOTE: It is not possible to concurrently schedule more than one operation with the same `target` and `data`. If
     * this is necessary, a random byte can be appended to `data` to act as a salt that will be ignored by the target
     * contract if it is using standard Solidity ABI encoding.
     */
    function schedule(address target, bytes calldata data, uint48 when) external returns (bytes32, uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Execute a function that is delay restricted, provided it was properly scheduled beforehand, or the
     * execution delay is 0.
     *
     * Returns the nonce that identifies the previously scheduled operation that is executed, or 0 if the
     * operation wasn't previously scheduled (if the caller doesn't have an execution delay).
     *
     * Emits an {OperationExecuted} event only if the call was scheduled and delayed.
     */
    function execute(address target, bytes calldata data) external payable returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Cancel a scheduled (delayed) operation. Returns the nonce that identifies the previously scheduled
     * operation that is cancelled.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be the proposer, a guardian of the targeted function, or a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {OperationCanceled} event.
     */
    function cancel(address caller, address target, bytes calldata data) external returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Consume a scheduled operation targeting the caller. If such an operation exists, mark it as consumed
     * (emit an {OperationExecuted} event and clean the state). Otherwise, throw an error.
     *
     * This is useful for contract that want to enforce that calls targeting them were scheduled on the manager,
     * with all the verifications that it implies.
     *
     * Emit a {OperationExecuted} event.
     */
    function consumeScheduledOp(address caller, bytes calldata data) external;
    /**
     * @dev Hashing function for delayed operations.
     */
    function hashOperation(address caller, address target, bytes calldata data) external view returns (bytes32);
    /**
     * @dev Changes the authority of a target managed by this manager instance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     */
    function updateAuthority(address target, address newAuthority) external;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/manager/IAccessManaged.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
interface IAccessManaged {
    /**
     * @dev Authority that manages this contract was updated.
     */
    event AuthorityUpdated(address authority);
    error AccessManagedUnauthorized(address caller);
    error AccessManagedRequiredDelay(address caller, uint32 delay);
    error AccessManagedInvalidAuthority(address authority);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current authority.
     */
    function authority() external view returns (address);
    /**
     * @dev Transfers control to a new authority. The caller must be the current authority.
     */
    function setAuthority(address) external;
    /**
     * @dev Returns true only in the context of a delayed restricted call, at the moment that the scheduled operation is
     * being consumed. Prevents denial of service for delayed restricted calls in the case that the contract performs
     * attacker controlled calls.
     */
    function isConsumingScheduledOp() external view returns (bytes4);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Context.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }
    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/types/Time.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Math} from "../math/Math.sol";
import {SafeCast} from "../math/SafeCast.sol";
/**
 * @dev This library provides helpers for manipulating time-related objects.
 *
 * It uses the following types:
 * - `uint48` for timepoints
 * - `uint32` for durations
 *
 * While the library doesn't provide specific types for timepoints and duration, it does provide:
 * - a `Delay` type to represent duration that can be programmed to change value automatically at a given point
 * - additional helper functions
 */
library Time {
    using Time for *;
    /**
     * @dev Get the block timestamp as a Timepoint.
     */
    function timestamp() internal view returns (uint48) {
        return SafeCast.toUint48(block.timestamp);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Get the block number as a Timepoint.
     */
    function blockNumber() internal view returns (uint48) {
        return SafeCast.toUint48(block.number);
    }
    // ==================================================== Delay =====================================================
    /**
     * @dev A `Delay` is a uint32 duration that can be programmed to change value automatically at a given point in the
     * future. The "effect" timepoint describes when the transitions happens from the "old" value to the "new" value.
     * This allows updating the delay applied to some operation while keeping some guarantees.
     *
     * In particular, the {update} function guarantees that if the delay is reduced, the old delay still applies for
     * some time. For example if the delay is currently 7 days to do an upgrade, the admin should not be able to set
     * the delay to 0 and upgrade immediately. If the admin wants to reduce the delay, the old delay (7 days) should
     * still apply for some time.
     *
     *
     * The `Delay` type is 112 bits long, and packs the following:
     *
     * ```
     *   | [uint48]: effect date (timepoint)
     *   |           | [uint32]: value before (duration)
     *   ↓           ↓       ↓ [uint32]: value after (duration)
     * 0xAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBCCCCCCCC
     * ```
     *
     * NOTE: The {get} and {withUpdate} functions operate using timestamps. Block number based delays are not currently
     * supported.
     */
    type Delay is uint112;
    /**
     * @dev Wrap a duration into a Delay to add the one-step "update in the future" feature
     */
    function toDelay(uint32 duration) internal pure returns (Delay) {
        return Delay.wrap(duration);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Get the value at a given timepoint plus the pending value and effect timepoint if there is a scheduled
     * change after this timepoint. If the effect timepoint is 0, then the pending value should not be considered.
     */
    function _getFullAt(Delay self, uint48 timepoint) private pure returns (uint32, uint32, uint48) {
        (uint32 valueBefore, uint32 valueAfter, uint48 effect) = self.unpack();
        return effect <= timepoint ? (valueAfter, 0, 0) : (valueBefore, valueAfter, effect);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Get the current value plus the pending value and effect timepoint if there is a scheduled change. If the
     * effect timepoint is 0, then the pending value should not be considered.
     */
    function getFull(Delay self) internal view returns (uint32, uint32, uint48) {
        return _getFullAt(self, timestamp());
    }
    /**
     * @dev Get the current value.
     */
    function get(Delay self) internal view returns (uint32) {
        (uint32 delay, , ) = self.getFull();
        return delay;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Update a Delay object so that it takes a new duration after a timepoint that is automatically computed to
     * enforce the old delay at the moment of the update. Returns the updated Delay object and the timestamp when the
     * new delay becomes effective.
     */
    function withUpdate(
        Delay self,
        uint32 newValue,
        uint32 minSetback
    ) internal view returns (Delay updatedDelay, uint48 effect) {
        uint32 value = self.get();
        uint32 setback = uint32(Math.max(minSetback, value > newValue ? value - newValue : 0));
        effect = timestamp() + setback;
        return (pack(value, newValue, effect), effect);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Split a delay into its components: valueBefore, valueAfter and effect (transition timepoint).
     */
    function unpack(Delay self) internal pure returns (uint32 valueBefore, uint32 valueAfter, uint48 effect) {
        uint112 raw = Delay.unwrap(self);
        valueAfter = uint32(raw);
        valueBefore = uint32(raw >> 32);
        effect = uint48(raw >> 64);
        return (valueBefore, valueAfter, effect);
    }
    /**
     * @dev pack the components into a Delay object.
     */
    function pack(uint32 valueBefore, uint32 valueAfter, uint48 effect) internal pure returns (Delay) {
        return Delay.wrap((uint112(effect) << 64) | (uint112(valueBefore) << 32) | uint112(valueAfter));
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    /**
     * @dev Muldiv operation overflow.
     */
    error MathOverflowedMulDiv();
    enum Rounding {
        Floor, // Toward negative infinity
        Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
        Trunc, // Toward zero
        Expand // Away from zero
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            if (c < a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b > a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a - b);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
            // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
            // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
            if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
            uint256 c = a * b;
            if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     */
    function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a / b);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     */
    function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a % b);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
     * of rounding towards zero.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (b == 0) {
            // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
            return a / b;
        }
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }
    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
     * denominator == 0.
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
     * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0 = x * y; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }
            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }
            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            if (denominator <= prod1) {
                revert MathOverflowedMulDiv();
            }
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)
                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }
            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
            // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)
                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)
                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }
            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;
            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;
            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
            // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256
            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }
    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
     * towards zero.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);
        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
     */
    function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/SafeCast.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/SafeCast.js.
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX casting operators with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
 * easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
 * assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
 * reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeCast {
    /**
     * @dev Value doesn't fit in an uint of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(uint8 bits, uint256 value);
    /**
     * @dev An int value doesn't fit in an uint of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedIntToUint(int256 value);
    /**
     * @dev Value doesn't fit in an int of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(uint8 bits, int256 value);
    /**
     * @dev An uint value doesn't fit in an int of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedUintToInt(uint256 value);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint248 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     */
    function toUint248(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint248) {
        if (value > type(uint248).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(248, value);
        }
        return uint248(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint240 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     */
    function toUint240(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint240) {
        if (value > type(uint240).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(240, value);
        }
        return uint240(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint232 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     */
    function toUint232(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint232) {
        if (value > type(uint232).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(232, value);
        }
        return uint232(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint224 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     */
    function toUint224(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint224) {
        if (value > type(uint224).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(224, value);
        }
        return uint224(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint216 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     */
    function toUint216(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint216) {
        if (value > type(uint216).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(216, value);
        }
        return uint216(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint208 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     */
    function toUint208(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint208) {
        if (value > type(uint208).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(208, value);
        }
        return uint208(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint200 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     */
    function toUint200(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint200) {
        if (value > type(uint200).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(200, value);
        }
        return uint200(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint192 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     */
    function toUint192(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint192) {
        if (value > type(uint192).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(192, value);
        }
        return uint192(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint184 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     */
    function toUint184(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint184) {
        if (value > type(uint184).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(184, value);
        }
        return uint184(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint176 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     */
    function toUint176(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint176) {
        if (value > type(uint176).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(176, value);
        }
        return uint176(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint168 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     */
    function toUint168(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint168) {
        if (value > type(uint168).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(168, value);
        }
        return uint168(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint160 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     */
    function toUint160(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint160) {
        if (value > type(uint160).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(160, value);
        }
        return uint160(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint152 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     */
    function toUint152(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint152) {
        if (value > type(uint152).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(152, value);
        }
        return uint152(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint144 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     */
    function toUint144(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint144) {
        if (value > type(uint144).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(144, value);
        }
        return uint144(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint136 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     */
    function toUint136(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint136) {
        if (value > type(uint136).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(136, value);
        }
        return uint136(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     */
    function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        if (value > type(uint128).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(128, value);
        }
        return uint128(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint120 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     */
    function toUint120(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint120) {
        if (value > type(uint120).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(120, value);
        }
        return uint120(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint112 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     */
    function toUint112(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint112) {
        if (value > type(uint112).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(112, value);
        }
        return uint112(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint104 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     */
    function toUint104(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint104) {
        if (value > type(uint104).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(104, value);
        }
        return uint104(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint96 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     */
    function toUint96(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        if (value > type(uint96).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(96, value);
        }
        return uint96(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint88 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     */
    function toUint88(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint88) {
        if (value > type(uint88).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(88, value);
        }
        return uint88(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint80 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     */
    function toUint80(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint80) {
        if (value > type(uint80).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(80, value);
        }
        return uint80(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint72 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     */
    function toUint72(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint72) {
        if (value > type(uint72).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(72, value);
        }
        return uint72(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     */
    function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        if (value > type(uint64).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(64, value);
        }
        return uint64(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint56 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     */
    function toUint56(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint56) {
        if (value > type(uint56).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(56, value);
        }
        return uint56(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint48 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     */
    function toUint48(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint48) {
        if (value > type(uint48).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(48, value);
        }
        return uint48(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     */
    function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
        if (value > type(uint40).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(40, value);
        }
        return uint40(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     */
    function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        if (value > type(uint32).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(32, value);
        }
        return uint32(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint24 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     */
    function toUint24(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint24) {
        if (value > type(uint24).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(24, value);
        }
        return uint24(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     */
    function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        if (value > type(uint16).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(16, value);
        }
        return uint16(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     */
    function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        if (value > type(uint8).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(8, value);
        }
        return uint8(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
     */
    function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (value < 0) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntToUint(value);
        }
        return uint256(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int248 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int248 or
     * greater than largest int248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     */
    function toInt248(int256 value) internal pure returns (int248 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int248(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(248, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int240 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int240 or
     * greater than largest int240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     */
    function toInt240(int256 value) internal pure returns (int240 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int240(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(240, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int232 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int232 or
     * greater than largest int232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     */
    function toInt232(int256 value) internal pure returns (int232 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int232(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(232, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int224 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int224 or
     * greater than largest int224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     */
    function toInt224(int256 value) internal pure returns (int224 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int224(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(224, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int216 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int216 or
     * greater than largest int216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     */
    function toInt216(int256 value) internal pure returns (int216 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int216(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(216, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int208 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int208 or
     * greater than largest int208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     */
    function toInt208(int256 value) internal pure returns (int208 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int208(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(208, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int200 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int200 or
     * greater than largest int200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     */
    function toInt200(int256 value) internal pure returns (int200 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int200(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(200, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int192 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int192 or
     * greater than largest int192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     */
    function toInt192(int256 value) internal pure returns (int192 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int192(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(192, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int184 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int184 or
     * greater than largest int184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     */
    function toInt184(int256 value) internal pure returns (int184 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int184(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(184, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int176 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int176 or
     * greater than largest int176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     */
    function toInt176(int256 value) internal pure returns (int176 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int176(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(176, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int168 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int168 or
     * greater than largest int168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     */
    function toInt168(int256 value) internal pure returns (int168 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int168(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(168, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int160 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int160 or
     * greater than largest int160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     */
    function toInt160(int256 value) internal pure returns (int160 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int160(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(160, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int152 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int152 or
     * greater than largest int152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     */
    function toInt152(int256 value) internal pure returns (int152 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int152(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(152, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int144 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int144 or
     * greater than largest int144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     */
    function toInt144(int256 value) internal pure returns (int144 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int144(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(144, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int136 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int136 or
     * greater than largest int136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     */
    function toInt136(int256 value) internal pure returns (int136 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int136(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(136, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
     * greater than largest int128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     */
    function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int128(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(128, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int120 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int120 or
     * greater than largest int120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     */
    function toInt120(int256 value) internal pure returns (int120 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int120(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(120, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int112 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int112 or
     * greater than largest int112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     */
    function toInt112(int256 value) internal pure returns (int112 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int112(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(112, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int104 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int104 or
     * greater than largest int104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     */
    function toInt104(int256 value) internal pure returns (int104 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int104(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(104, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int96 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int96 or
     * greater than largest int96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     */
    function toInt96(int256 value) internal pure returns (int96 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int96(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(96, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int88 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int88 or
     * greater than largest int88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     */
    function toInt88(int256 value) internal pure returns (int88 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int88(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(88, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int80 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int80 or
     * greater than largest int80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     */
    function toInt80(int256 value) internal pure returns (int80 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int80(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(80, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int72 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int72 or
     * greater than largest int72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     */
    function toInt72(int256 value) internal pure returns (int72 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int72(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(72, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
     * greater than largest int64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     */
    function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int64(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(64, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int56 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int56 or
     * greater than largest int56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     */
    function toInt56(int256 value) internal pure returns (int56 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int56(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(56, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int48 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int48 or
     * greater than largest int48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     */
    function toInt48(int256 value) internal pure returns (int48 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int48(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(48, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int40 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int40 or
     * greater than largest int40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     */
    function toInt40(int256 value) internal pure returns (int40 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int40(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(40, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
     * greater than largest int32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     */
    function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int32(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(32, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int24 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int24 or
     * greater than largest int24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     */
    function toInt24(int256 value) internal pure returns (int24 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int24(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(24, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
     * greater than largest int16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     */
    function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int16(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(16, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
     * greater than largest int8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     */
    function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int8(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(8, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
     */
    function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Note: Unsafe cast below is okay because `type(int256).max` is guaranteed to be positive
        if (value > uint256(type(int256).max)) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintToInt(value);
        }
        return int256(value);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.20;
import "openzeppelin-contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/access/manager/AccessManagedUpgradeable.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/utils/PausableUpgradeable.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/utils/ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol";
import "openzeppelin-math/Math.sol";
import "openzeppelin-erc20-extensions/ERC20PermitUpgradeable.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts/proxy/beacon/BeaconProxy.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts/interfaces/IERC3156FlashBorrower.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts/interfaces/IERC4626.sol";
import "../libraries/PrincipalTokenUtil.sol";
import "../libraries/NamingUtil.sol";
import "../libraries/RayMath.sol";
import "../interfaces/IRegistry.sol";
import "../interfaces/IPrincipalToken.sol";
import "../interfaces/IYieldToken.sol";
import "../interfaces/IRewardsProxy.sol";
/**
 * @title PrincipalToken contract
 * @author Spectra Finance
 * @notice A PrincipalToken (PT) is an ERC5095 vault that allows user to tokenize their yield in a permissionless manner.
 * The shares of the vaults are composed by PT/YT pairs. These are always minted at same times and amounts upon deposits.
 * Until expiry burning shares necessitates to burn both tokens. At expiry, burning PTs is sufficient.
 */
contract PrincipalToken is
    ERC20PermitUpgradeable,
    AccessManagedUpgradeable,
    ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable,
    PausableUpgradeable,
    IPrincipalToken
{
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;
    using PrincipalTokenUtil for address;
    using PrincipalTokenUtil for uint256;
    using RayMath for uint256;
    using Math for uint256;
    /** @dev minimum allowed decimals for underlying and IBT */
    uint256 private constant MIN_DECIMALS = 6;
    /** @dev maximum allowed decimals for underlying and IBT */
    uint256 private constant MAX_DECIMALS = 18;
    /** @dev Rates At Expiry not stored */
    uint256 private constant RAE_NOT_STORED = 0;
    /** @dev Rates At Expiry stored */
    uint256 private constant RAE_STORED = 1;
    /** @dev expected return value from borrowers onFlashLoan function */
    bytes32 private constant ON_FLASH_LOAN = keccak256("ERC3156FlashBorrower.onFlashLoan");
    /** @notice registry of the protocol */
    address private immutable registry;
    /** @notice rewards proxy for this specific instance of PT */
    address private rewardsProxy;
    /** @dev decimals of the IBT */
    uint8 private ibtDecimals;
    /** @dev decimals of the underlying asset */
    uint8 private underlyingDecimals;
    /** @notice Interest Bearing Token 4626 held by this PT vault */
    address private ibt;
    /** @notice underlying asset of this PT vault (which is also the underlying of the IBT 4626) */
    address private underlying_;
    /** @notice YT corresponding to this PT, deployed at initialization */
    address private yt;
    /** @dev represents one unit of the IBT held by this PT vault (10^decimals) */
    uint256 private ibtUnit;
    /** @dev PT price in asset (in Ray) */
    uint256 private ptRate;
    /** @dev IBT price in asset (in Ray) */
    uint256 private ibtRate;
    /** @dev unclaimed fees */
    uint256 private unclaimedFeesInIBT;
    /** @dev total fees */
    uint256 private totalFeesInIBT;
    /** @dev date of maturity (set at initialization) */
    uint256 private expiry;
    /** @dev duration to maturity */
    uint256 private duration;
    /** @dev uint256 flag acting as a boolean to track whether PT and IBT rates have been stored after expiry */
    uint256 private ratesAtExpiryStored;
    /** @dev stores each user's IBT rate (in Ray) */
    mapping(address user => uint256 lastIBTRate) private ibtRateOfUser;
    /** @dev stores each user's PT rate (in Ray) */
    mapping(address user => uint256 lastPTRate) private ptRateOfUser;
    /** @dev stores each user's yield generated from YTs */
    mapping(address user => uint256 yieldInIBT) private yieldOfUserInIBT;
    /* EVENTS
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    event Redeem(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);
    event Mint(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);
    event YTDeployed(address indexed yt);
    event YieldUpdated(address indexed user, uint256 indexed yieldInIBT);
    event YieldClaimed(address indexed owner, address indexed receiver, uint256 indexed yieldInIBT);
    event FeeClaimed(
        address indexed user,
        uint256 indexed redeemedIbts,
        uint256 indexed receivedAssets
    );
    event RatesStoredAtExpiry(uint256 indexed ibtRate, uint256 indexed ptRate);
    event RewardsProxyChange(address indexed oldRewardsProxy, address indexed newRewardsProxy);
    /* MODIFIERS
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    /** @notice Ensures the current block timestamp is before expiry */
    modifier notExpired() virtual {
        if (block.timestamp >= expiry) {
            revert PTExpired();
        }
        _;
    }
    /** @notice Ensures the current block timestamp is at or after expiry */
    modifier afterExpiry() virtual {
        if (block.timestamp < expiry) {
            revert PTNotExpired();
        }
        _;
    }
    /* CONSTRUCTOR
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    constructor(address _registry) {
        if (_registry == address(0)) {
            revert AddressError();
        }
        registry = _registry;
        _disableInitializers(); // using this so that the deployed logic contract cannot later be initialized
    }
    /* INITIALIZER
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    /**
     * @dev First function called after deployment of the contract
     * it deploys yt and initializes values of required variables
     * @param _ibt The token which PT contract holds
     * @param _duration The duration (in s) to expiry/maturity of the PT contract
     * @param _initialAuthority The initial authority of the PT contract
     */
    function initialize(
        address _ibt,
        uint256 _duration,
        address _initialAuthority
    ) external initializer {
        if (_ibt == address(0) || _initialAuthority == address(0)) {
            revert AddressError();
        }
        if (IERC4626(_ibt).totalAssets() == 0) {
            revert RateError();
        }
        duration = _duration;
        uint256 _expiry = _duration + block.timestamp;
        expiry = _expiry;
        string memory _ibtSymbol = IERC4626(_ibt).symbol();
        string memory _name = NamingUtil.genPTName(_ibtSymbol, _expiry);
        __ERC20_init(_name, NamingUtil.genPTSymbol(_ibtSymbol, _expiry));
        __ERC20Permit_init(_name);
        __Pausable_init();
        __ReentrancyGuard_init();
        __AccessManaged_init(_initialAuthority);
        underlying_ = IERC4626(_ibt).asset();
        uint8 _underlyingDecimals = underlying_.tryGetTokenDecimals();
        uint8 _ibtDecimals = IERC4626(_ibt).decimals();
        if (
            _underlyingDecimals < MIN_DECIMALS ||
            _underlyingDecimals > _ibtDecimals ||
            _ibtDecimals > MAX_DECIMALS
        ) {
            revert InvalidDecimals();
        }
        underlyingDecimals = _underlyingDecimals;
        ibtDecimals = _ibtDecimals;
        ibt = _ibt;
        ibtUnit = 10 ** _ibtDecimals;
        ibtRate = IERC4626(_ibt).previewRedeem(ibtUnit).toRay(_underlyingDecimals);
        ptRate = RayMath.RAY_UNIT;
        yt = _deployYT(
            NamingUtil.genYTName(_ibtSymbol, _expiry),
            NamingUtil.genYTSymbol(_ibtSymbol, _expiry)
        );
    }
    /** @dev See {PausableUpgradeable-_pause}. */
    function pause() external override restricted {
        _pause();
    }
    /** @dev See {PausableUpgradeable-_unPause}. */
    function unPause() external override restricted {
        _unpause();
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-deposit}. */
    function deposit(uint256 assets, address receiver) external override returns (uint256 shares) {
        shares = deposit(assets, receiver, receiver);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-deposit}. */
    function deposit(
        uint256 assets,
        address ptReceiver,
        address ytReceiver
    ) public override nonReentrant returns (uint256 shares) {
        address _ibt = ibt;
        address _underlying = underlying_;
        IERC20(_underlying).safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), assets);
        IERC20(_underlying).safeIncreaseAllowance(_ibt, assets);
        uint256 ibts = IERC4626(_ibt).deposit(assets, address(this));
        shares = _depositIBT(ibts, ptReceiver, ytReceiver);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-deposit}. */
    function deposit(
        uint256 assets,
        address ptReceiver,
        address ytReceiver,
        uint256 minShares
    ) external override returns (uint256 shares) {
        shares = deposit(assets, ptReceiver, ytReceiver);
        if (shares < minShares) {
            revert ERC5143SlippageProtectionFailed();
        }
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-depositIBT}. */
    function depositIBT(uint256 ibts, address receiver) external override returns (uint256 shares) {
        shares = depositIBT(ibts, receiver, receiver);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-depositIBT}. */
    function depositIBT(
        uint256 ibts,
        address ptReceiver,
        address ytReceiver
    ) public override nonReentrant returns (uint256 shares) {
        IERC20(ibt).safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), ibts);
        shares = _depositIBT(ibts, ptReceiver, ytReceiver);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-depositIBT}. */
    function depositIBT(
        uint256 ibts,
        address ptReceiver,
        address ytReceiver,
        uint256 minShares
    ) external override returns (uint256 shares) {
        shares = depositIBT(ibts, ptReceiver, ytReceiver);
        if (shares < minShares) {
            revert ERC5143SlippageProtectionFailed();
        }
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-redeem}. */
    function redeem(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    ) public override nonReentrant returns (uint256 assets) {
        _beforeRedeem(shares, owner);
        emit Redeem(owner, receiver, shares);
        assets = IERC4626(ibt).redeem(_convertSharesToIBTs(shares, false), receiver, address(this));
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-redeem}. */
    function redeem(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 minAssets
    ) external override returns (uint256 assets) {
        assets = redeem(shares, receiver, owner);
        if (assets < minAssets) {
            revert ERC5143SlippageProtectionFailed();
        }
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-redeemForIBT}. */
    function redeemForIBT(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    ) public override nonReentrant returns (uint256 ibts) {
        _beforeRedeem(shares, owner);
        ibts = _convertSharesToIBTs(shares, false);
        emit Redeem(owner, receiver, shares);
        if (ibts != 0) {
            IERC20(ibt).safeTransfer(receiver, ibts);
        }
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-redeemForIBT}. */
    function redeemForIBT(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 minIbts
    ) external override returns (uint256 ibts) {
        ibts = redeemForIBT(shares, receiver, owner);
        if (ibts < minIbts) {
            revert ERC5143SlippageProtectionFailed();
        }
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-withdraw}. */
    function withdraw(
        uint256 assets,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    ) public override nonReentrant returns (uint256 shares) {
        _beforeWithdraw(assets, owner);
        (uint256 _ptRate, uint256 _ibtRate) = _getPTandIBTRates(false);
        uint256 ibts = IERC4626(ibt).withdraw(assets, receiver, address(this));
        shares = _burnSharesForWithdraw(ibts, receiver, owner, _ptRate, _ibtRate);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-withdraw}. */
    function withdraw(
        uint256 assets,
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 maxShares
    ) external override returns (uint256 shares) {
        shares = withdraw(assets, receiver, owner);
        if (shares > maxShares) {
            revert ERC5143SlippageProtectionFailed();
        }
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-withdrawIBT}. */
    function withdrawIBT(
        uint256 ibts,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    ) public override nonReentrant returns (uint256 shares) {
        address _ibt = ibt;
        _beforeWithdraw(IERC4626(_ibt).previewRedeem(ibts), owner);
        (uint256 _ptRate, uint256 _ibtRate) = _getPTandIBTRates(false);
        shares = _burnSharesForWithdraw(ibts, receiver, owner, _ptRate, _ibtRate);
        // send IBTs from this contract to receiver
        IERC20(_ibt).safeTransfer(receiver, ibts);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-withdrawIBT}. */
    function withdrawIBT(
        uint256 ibts,
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 maxShares
    ) external override returns (uint256 shares) {
        shares = withdrawIBT(ibts, receiver, owner);
        if (shares > maxShares) {
            revert ERC5143SlippageProtectionFailed();
        }
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-claimFees}. */
    function claimFees(
        uint256 _minAssets
    ) external override whenNotPaused returns (uint256 assets) {
        if (msg.sender != IRegistry(registry).getFeeCollector()) {
            revert UnauthorizedCaller();
        }
        uint256 ibts = unclaimedFeesInIBT;
        unclaimedFeesInIBT = 0;
        emit FeeClaimed(msg.sender, ibts, assets);
        assets = IERC4626(ibt).redeem(ibts, msg.sender, address(this));
        if (_minAssets > assets) {
            revert ERC5143SlippageProtectionFailed();
        }
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-updateYield}. */
    function updateYield(
        address _user
    ) public override whenNotPaused returns (uint256 updatedUserYieldInIBT) {
        (uint256 _ptRate, uint256 _ibtRate) = _updatePTandIBTRates();
        uint256 _oldIBTRateUser = ibtRateOfUser[_user];
        if (_oldIBTRateUser != _ibtRate) {
            ibtRateOfUser[_user] = _ibtRate;
        }
        uint256 _oldPTRateUser = ptRateOfUser[_user];
        if (_oldPTRateUser != _ptRate) {
            ptRateOfUser[_user] = _ptRate;
        }
        // Check for skipping yield update when the user deposits for the first time or rates decreased to 0.
        if (_oldIBTRateUser != 0) {
            updatedUserYieldInIBT = _user.computeYield(
                yieldOfUserInIBT[_user],
                _oldIBTRateUser,
                _ibtRate,
                _oldPTRateUser,
                _ptRate,
                yt
            );
            yieldOfUserInIBT[_user] = updatedUserYieldInIBT;
            emit YieldUpdated(_user, updatedUserYieldInIBT);
        }
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-claimYield}. */
    function claimYield(
        address _receiver,
        uint256 _minAssets
    ) public override returns (uint256 yieldInAsset) {
        uint256 yieldInIBT = _claimYield();
        emit YieldClaimed(msg.sender, _receiver, yieldInIBT);
        if (yieldInIBT != 0) {
            yieldInAsset = IERC4626(ibt).redeem(yieldInIBT, _receiver, address(this));
        }
        if (_minAssets > yieldInAsset) {
            revert ERC5143SlippageProtectionFailed();
        }
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-claimYieldInIBT}. */
    function claimYieldInIBT(
        address _receiver,
        uint256 _minIBT
    ) public override returns (uint256 yieldInIBT) {
        yieldInIBT = _claimYield();
        if (_minIBT > yieldInIBT) {
            revert ERC5143SlippageProtectionFailed();
        }
        emit YieldClaimed(msg.sender, _receiver, yieldInIBT);
        if (yieldInIBT != 0) {
            IERC20(ibt).safeTransfer(_receiver, yieldInIBT);
        }
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-beforeYtTransfer}. */
    function beforeYtTransfer(address _from, address _to) external override {
        if (msg.sender != yt) {
            revert UnauthorizedCaller();
        }
        updateYield(_from);
        updateYield(_to);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-claimRewards}. */
    function claimRewards(bytes memory _data) external restricted whenNotPaused {
        address _rewardsProxy = rewardsProxy;
        if (_rewardsProxy == address(0) || _rewardsProxy.code.length == 0) {
            revert NoRewardsProxy();
        }
        bytes memory _data2 = abi.encodeCall(IRewardsProxy(address(0)).claimRewards, (_data));
        (bool success, ) = _rewardsProxy.delegatecall(_data2);
        if (!success) {
            revert ClaimRewardsFailed();
        }
    }
    /** @dev See {IERC3156FlashLender-flashLoan}. */
    function flashLoan(
        IERC3156FlashBorrower _receiver,
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external override whenNotPaused returns (bool) {
        if (_amount > maxFlashLoan(_token)) revert FlashLoanExceedsMaxAmount();
        uint256 fee = flashFee(_token, _amount);
        _updateFees(fee);
        // Initiate the flash loan by lending the requested IBT amount
        address _ibt = ibt;
        IERC20(_ibt).safeTransfer(address(_receiver), _amount);
        // Execute the flash loan
        if (_receiver.onFlashLoan(msg.sender, _token, _amount, fee, _data) != ON_FLASH_LOAN)
            revert FlashLoanCallbackFailed();
        // Repay the debt + fee
        IERC20(_ibt).safeTransferFrom(address(_receiver), address(this), _amount + fee);
        return true;
    }
    /* SETTERS
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-storeRatesAtExpiry}. */
    function storeRatesAtExpiry() public override afterExpiry whenNotPaused {
        if (ratesAtExpiryStored == RAE_STORED) {
            revert RatesAtExpiryAlreadyStored();
        }
        ratesAtExpiryStored = RAE_STORED;
        // PT rate not rounded up here
        (uint256 _ptRate, uint256 _ibtRate) = _getCurrentPTandIBTRates(false);
        ptRate = _ptRate;
        ibtRate = _ibtRate;
        emit RatesStoredAtExpiry(_ibtRate, _ptRate);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-setRewardsProxy}. */
    function setRewardsProxy(address _rewardsProxy) external restricted {
        // Note: address zero is allowed in order to disable the claim proxy
        emit RewardsProxyChange(rewardsProxy, _rewardsProxy);
        rewardsProxy = _rewardsProxy;
    }
    /* GETTERS
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-previewDeposit}. */
    function previewDeposit(uint256 assets) external view override returns (uint256) {
        uint256 ibts = IERC4626(ibt).previewDeposit(assets);
        return previewDepositIBT(ibts);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-previewDepositIBT}. */
    function previewDepositIBT(
        uint256 ibts
    ) public view override notExpired whenNotPaused returns (uint256) {
        uint256 tokenizationFee = ibts._computeTokenizationFee(address(this), registry);
        return _convertIBTsToSharesPreview(ibts - tokenizationFee);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-maxDeposit}. */
    function maxDeposit(address /* receiver */) external view override returns (uint256) {
        return paused() || (block.timestamp >= expiry) ? 0 : type(uint256).max;
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-previewWithdraw}. */
    function previewWithdraw(uint256 assets) external view override returns (uint256) {
        uint256 ibts = IERC4626(ibt).previewWithdraw(assets);
        return previewWithdrawIBT(ibts);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-previewWithdrawIBT}. */
    function previewWithdrawIBT(uint256 ibts) public view override whenNotPaused returns (uint256) {
        return _convertIBTsToShares(ibts, true);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-maxWithdraw}.
     */
    function maxWithdraw(address owner) public view override returns (uint256) {
        return paused() ? 0 : convertToUnderlying(_maxBurnable(owner));
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-maxWithdrawIBT}.
     */
    function maxWithdrawIBT(address owner) public view override returns (uint256) {
        return paused() ? 0 : _convertSharesToIBTs(_maxBurnable(owner), false);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-previewRedeem}. */
    function previewRedeem(uint256 shares) external view override returns (uint256) {
        return IERC4626(ibt).previewRedeem(previewRedeemForIBT(shares));
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-previewRedeemForIBT}. */
    function previewRedeemForIBT(
        uint256 shares
    ) public view override whenNotPaused returns (uint256) {
        return _convertSharesToIBTs(shares, false);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-maxRedeem}. */
    function maxRedeem(address owner) public view override returns (uint256) {
        return paused() ? 0 : _maxBurnable(owner);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-convertToPrincipal}. */
    function convertToPrincipal(uint256 underlyingAmount) external view override returns (uint256) {
        return _convertIBTsToShares(IERC4626(ibt).previewDeposit(underlyingAmount), false);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-convertToUnderlying}. */
    function convertToUnderlying(uint256 principalAmount) public view override returns (uint256) {
        return IERC4626(ibt).previewRedeem(_convertSharesToIBTs(principalAmount, false));
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-totalAssets}. */
    function totalAssets() public view override returns (uint256) {
        address _ibt = ibt;
        return IERC4626(_ibt).previewRedeem(IERC4626(_ibt).balanceOf(address(this)));
    }
    /** @dev See {IERC20Metadata-decimals} */
    function decimals() public view override(IERC20Metadata, ERC20Upgradeable) returns (uint8) {
        return ibtDecimals;
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-paused}. */
    function paused() public view override(IPrincipalToken, PausableUpgradeable) returns (bool) {
        return super.paused();
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-maturity}. */
    function maturity() external view override returns (uint256) {
        return expiry;
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-getDuration}. */
    function getDuration() external view override returns (uint256) {
        return duration;
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-underlying}. */
    function underlying() external view override returns (address) {
        return underlying_;
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-getIBT}. */
    function getIBT() external view override returns (address) {
        return ibt;
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-getYT}. */
    function getYT() external view override returns (address) {
        return yt;
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-getIBTRate}. */
    function getIBTRate() external view override returns (uint256) {
        (, uint256 _ibtRate) = _getPTandIBTRates(false);
        return _ibtRate;
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-getPTRate}. */
    function getPTRate() external view override returns (uint256) {
        (uint256 _ptRate, ) = _getPTandIBTRates(false);
        return _ptRate;
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-getIBTUnit}. */
    function getIBTUnit() external view override returns (uint256) {
        return ibtUnit;
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-getUnclaimedFeesInIBT}. */
    function getUnclaimedFeesInIBT() external view override returns (uint256) {
        return unclaimedFeesInIBT;
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-getTotalFeesInIBT}. */
    function getTotalFeesInIBT() external view override returns (uint256) {
        return totalFeesInIBT;
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-getCurrentYieldOfUserInIBT}. */
    function getCurrentYieldOfUserInIBT(
        address _user
    ) external view override returns (uint256 _yieldOfUserInIBT) {
        uint256 _oldIBTRate = ibtRateOfUser[_user];
        if (_oldIBTRate != 0) {
            (uint256 _ptRate, uint256 _ibtRate) = _getPTandIBTRates(false);
            uint256 _oldPTRate = ptRateOfUser[_user];
            _yieldOfUserInIBT = _user.computeYield(
                yieldOfUserInIBT[_user],
                _oldIBTRate,
                _ibtRate,
                _oldPTRate,
                _ptRate,
                yt
            );
            _yieldOfUserInIBT = _yieldOfUserInIBT - _yieldOfUserInIBT._computeYieldFee(registry);
        }
    }
    /** @dev See {IERC3156FlashLender-maxFlashLoan}. */
    function maxFlashLoan(address _token) public view override returns (uint256) {
        address _ibt = ibt;
        if (_token != _ibt) {
            return 0;
        }
        // Entire IBT balance of the contract can be borrowed
        return IERC4626(_ibt).balanceOf(address(this));
    }
    /** @dev See {IERC3156FlashLender-flashFee}. */
    function flashFee(address _token, uint256 _amount) public view override returns (uint256) {
        if (_token != ibt) revert AddressError();
        return _amount._computeFlashloanFee(registry);
    }
    /** @dev See {IPrincipalToken-tokenizationFee}. */
    function getTokenizationFee() public view override returns (uint256) {
        return IRegistry(registry).getTokenizationFee();
    }
    /* INTERNAL FUNCTIONS
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    /**
     * @dev See {ERC20Upgradeable-_update}.
     * @dev The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _update(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal virtual override whenNotPaused {
        super._update(from, to, value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Converts amount of PT shares to amount of IBT with current rates
     * @param _shares amount of shares to convert to IBTs
     * @param _roundUp true if result should be rounded up
     * @return ibts resulting amount of IBT
     */
    function _convertSharesToIBTs(
        uint256 _shares,
        bool _roundUp
    ) internal view returns (uint256 ibts) {
        (uint256 _ptRate, uint256 _ibtRate) = _getPTandIBTRates(false);
        if (_ibtRate == 0) {
            revert RateError();
        }
        ibts = _shares.mulDiv(
            _ptRate,
            _ibtRate,
            _roundUp ? Math.Rounding.Ceil : Math.Rounding.Floor
        );
    }
    /**
     * @dev Converts amount of IBT to amount of PT shares with current rates
     * @param _ibts amount of IBT to convert to shares
     * @param _roundUp true if result should be rounded up
     * @return shares resulting amount of shares
     */
    function _convertIBTsToShares(
        uint256 _ibts,
        bool _roundUp
    ) internal view returns (uint256 shares) {
        (uint256 _ptRate, uint256 _ibtRate) = _getPTandIBTRates(false);
        if (_ptRate == 0) {
            revert RateError();
        }
        shares = _ibts.mulDiv(
            _ibtRate,
            _ptRate,
            _roundUp ? Math.Rounding.Ceil : Math.Rounding.Floor
        );
    }
    /**
     * @dev Converts amount of IBT to amount of PT shares with current rates.
     * This method also rounds the result of the new PTRate computation in case of negative rate
     * @param ibts amount of IBT to convert to shares
     * @return shares resulting amount of shares
     */
    function _convertIBTsToSharesPreview(uint256 ibts) internal view returns (uint256 shares) {
        // to round up the shares, the PT rate must round down
        (uint256 _ptRate, uint256 _ibtRate) = _getPTandIBTRates(true);
        if (_ptRate == 0) {
            revert RateError();
        }
        shares = ibts.mulDiv(_ibtRate, _ptRate);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Updates unclaimed fees and total fees upon tokenization and yield claiming
     * @param _feesInIBT The fees in IBT currently being paid
     */
    function _updateFees(uint256 _feesInIBT) internal {
        unclaimedFeesInIBT = unclaimedFeesInIBT + _feesInIBT;
        totalFeesInIBT = totalFeesInIBT + _feesInIBT;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Deploys a yt for this pt, called while initializing.
     * @param _name Name of the yt.
     * @param _symbol Symbol of the yt.
     * @return _yt The address of deployed yt.
     */
    function _deployYT(string memory _name, string memory _symbol) internal returns (address _yt) {
        address ytBeacon = IRegistry(registry).getYTBeacon();
        if (ytBeacon == address(0)) {
            revert BeaconNotSet();
        }
        _yt = address(
            new BeaconProxy(
                ytBeacon,
                abi.encodeCall(IYieldToken(address(0)).initialize, (_name, _symbol, address(this)))
            )
        );
        emit YTDeployed(_yt);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Internal function for minting pt & yt to depositing user. Also updates yield before minting.
     * @param _ibts The amount of IBT being deposited by the user
     * @param _ptReceiver The address of the PT receiver
     * @param _ytReceiver The address of the YT receiver
     * @return shares The amount of shares being minted to the receiver
     */
    function _depositIBT(
        uint256 _ibts,
        address _ptReceiver,
        address _ytReceiver
    ) internal notExpired returns (uint256 shares) {
        updateYield(_ytReceiver);
        uint256 tokenizationFee = _ibts._computeTokenizationFee(address(this), registry);
        _updateFees(tokenizationFee);
        shares = _convertIBTsToShares(_ibts - tokenizationFee, false);
        if (shares == 0) {
            revert RateError();
        }
        _mint(_ptReceiver, shares);
        emit Mint(msg.sender, _ptReceiver, shares);
        IYieldToken(yt).mint(_ytReceiver, shares);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Internal function for preparing redeem and burning PT:YT shares.
     * @param _shares The amount of shares being redeemed
     * @param _owner The address of shares' owner
     */
    function _beforeRedeem(uint256 _shares, address _owner) internal {
        if (_owner != msg.sender) {
            _spendAllowance(_owner, msg.sender, _shares);
        }
        if (_shares > _maxBurnable(_owner)) {
            revert InsufficientBalance();
        }
        if (block.timestamp >= expiry) {
            if (ratesAtExpiryStored == RAE_NOT_STORED) {
                storeRatesAtExpiry();
            }
        } else {
            updateYield(_owner);
            IYieldToken(yt).burnWithoutYieldUpdate(_owner, msg.sender, _shares);
        }
        _burn(_owner, _shares);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Internal function for preparing withdraw.
     * @param _assets The amount of assets to withdraw
     * @param _owner The address of shares' owner
     */
    function _beforeWithdraw(uint256 _assets, address _owner) internal {
        if (block.timestamp >= expiry) {
            if (ratesAtExpiryStored == RAE_NOT_STORED) {
                storeRatesAtExpiry();
            }
        } else {
            updateYield(_owner);
        }
        if (_assets > maxWithdraw(_owner)) {
            revert InsufficientBalance();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Internal function for burning PT and YT as part of withdrawal process.
     * @param _ibts The amount of IBT that are withdrawn for burning shares
     * @param _receiver The addresss of the receiver of the assets
     * @param _owner The address of the owner of the shares
     * @param _ptRate The PT rate (expressed in Ray) to be used
     * @param _ibtRate The IBT rate (expressed in Ray) to be used
     * @return shares The amount of burnt owner's shares
     */
    function _burnSharesForWithdraw(
        uint256 _ibts,
        address _receiver,
        address _owner,
        uint256 _ptRate,
        uint256 _ibtRate
    ) internal returns (uint256 shares) {
        if (_ptRate == 0) {
            revert RateError();
        }
        // convert ibts to shares using provided rates
        shares = _ibts.mulDiv(_ibtRate, _ptRate, Math.Rounding.Ceil);
        if (_owner != msg.sender) {
            _spendAllowance(_owner, msg.sender, shares);
        }
        // burn owner's shares (YT and PT)
        if (block.timestamp < expiry) {
            IYieldToken(yt).burnWithoutYieldUpdate(_owner, msg.sender, shares);
        }
        _burn(_owner, shares);
        emit Redeem(_owner, _receiver, shares);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Internal function for handling the claims of caller's unclaimed yield
     * @return yieldInIBT The unclaimed yield in IBT that is about to be claimed
     */
    function _claimYield() internal returns (uint256 yieldInIBT) {
        yieldInIBT = updateYield(msg.sender);
        if (yieldInIBT == 0) {
            return 0;
        } else {
            yieldOfUserInIBT[msg.sender] = 0;
            uint256 yieldFeeInIBT = yieldInIBT._computeYieldFee(registry);
            _updateFees(yieldFeeInIBT);
            yieldInIBT = yieldInIBT - yieldFeeInIBT;
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Computes the maximum amount of burnable shares for a user
     * @param _user The address of the user
     * @return maxBurnable The maximum amount of burnable shares
     */
    function _maxBurnable(address _user) internal view returns (uint256 maxBurnable) {
        if (block.timestamp >= expiry) {
            maxBurnable = balanceOf(_user);
        } else {
            uint256 ptBalance = balanceOf(_user);
            uint256 ytBalance = IYieldToken(yt).balanceOf(_user);
            maxBurnable = (ptBalance > ytBalance) ? ytBalance : ptBalance;
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Internal function for updating PT and IBT rates i.e. depegging PT if negative yield happened
     * @return _ptRate The new PT rate
     * @return _ibtRate The new IBT rate
     */
    function _updatePTandIBTRates() internal returns (uint256 _ptRate, uint256 _ibtRate) {
        uint256 _expiry = expiry;
        if (block.timestamp >= _expiry) {
            if (ratesAtExpiryStored == RAE_NOT_STORED) {
                storeRatesAtExpiry();
            }
        }
        (_ptRate, _ibtRate) = _getPTandIBTRates(false);
        if (block.timestamp < _expiry) {
            if (_ibtRate != ibtRate) {
                ibtRate = _ibtRate;
            }
            if (_ptRate != ptRate) {
                ptRate = _ptRate;
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev View function to get current IBT and PT rate
     * @param roundUpPTRate true if the ptRate resulting from mulDiv computation in case of negative rate should
     * be rounded up
     * @return _ptRate The new PT rate
     * @return _ibtRate The new IBT rate
     */
    function _getCurrentPTandIBTRates(
        bool roundUpPTRate
    ) internal view returns (uint256 _ptRate, uint256 _ibtRate) {
        address _ibt = ibt;
        _ibtRate = IERC4626(_ibt).previewRedeem(ibtUnit).toRay(underlyingDecimals);
        if (IERC4626(_ibt).totalAssets() == 0 && IERC4626(_ibt).totalSupply() != 0) {
            _ibtRate = 0;
        }
        _ptRate = _ibtRate < ibtRate
            ? ptRate.mulDiv(
                _ibtRate,
                ibtRate,
                roundUpPTRate ? Math.Rounding.Ceil : Math.Rounding.Floor
            )
            : ptRate;
    }
    /**
     * @dev View function to get IBT and PT rates
     * @param roundUpPTRate true if the PTRate result from mulDiv computation in case of negative rate should
     * be rounded up
     * @return _ptRate The new PT rate
     * @return _ibtRate The new IBT rate
     */
    function _getPTandIBTRates(
        bool roundUpPTRate
    ) internal view returns (uint256 _ptRate, uint256 _ibtRate) {
        if (ratesAtExpiryStored == RAE_NOT_STORED) {
            (_ptRate, _ibtRate) = _getCurrentPTandIBTRates(roundUpPTRate);
        } else {
            (_ptRate, _ibtRate) = (ptRate, ibtRate);
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";
import {IERC20Permit} from "../extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
import {Address} from "../../../utils/Address.sol";
/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;
    /**
     * @dev An operation with an ERC20 token failed.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedOperation(address token);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failed `decreaseAllowance` request.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 currentAllowance, uint256 requestedDecrease);
    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transfer, (to, value)));
    }
    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transferFrom, (from, to, value)));
    }
    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        forceApprove(token, spender, oldAllowance + value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `requestedDecrease`. If `token` returns no
     * value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 requestedDecrease) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 currentAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            if (currentAllowance < requestedDecrease) {
                revert SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, requestedDecrease);
            }
            forceApprove(token, spender, currentAllowance - requestedDecrease);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
     * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, value));
        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, 0)));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.
        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data);
        if (returndata.length != 0 && !abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
        // and not revert is the subcall reverts.
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
        return success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && address(token).code.length > 0;
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/manager/AccessManaged.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IAuthority} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/manager/IAuthority.sol";
import {AuthorityUtils} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/manager/AuthorityUtils.sol";
import {IAccessManager} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/manager/IAccessManager.sol";
import {IAccessManaged} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/manager/IAccessManaged.sol";
import {ContextUpgradeable} from "../../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
/**
 * @dev This contract module makes available a {restricted} modifier. Functions decorated with this modifier will be
 * permissioned according to an "authority": a contract like {AccessManager} that follows the {IAuthority} interface,
 * implementing a policy that allows certain callers to access certain functions.
 *
 * IMPORTANT: The `restricted` modifier should never be used on `internal` functions, judiciously used in `public`
 * functions, and ideally only used in `external` functions. See {restricted}.
 */
abstract contract AccessManagedUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, IAccessManaged {
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.AccessManaged
    struct AccessManagedStorage {
        address _authority;
        bool _consumingSchedule;
    }
    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.AccessManaged")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant AccessManagedStorageLocation = 0xf3177357ab46d8af007ab3fdb9af81da189e1068fefdc0073dca88a2cab40a00;
    function _getAccessManagedStorage() private pure returns (AccessManagedStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := AccessManagedStorageLocation
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract connected to an initial authority.
     */
    function __AccessManaged_init(address initialAuthority) internal onlyInitializing {
        __AccessManaged_init_unchained(initialAuthority);
    }
    function __AccessManaged_init_unchained(address initialAuthority) internal onlyInitializing {
        _setAuthority(initialAuthority);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Restricts access to a function as defined by the connected Authority for this contract and the
     * caller and selector of the function that entered the contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * In general, this modifier should only be used on `external` functions. It is okay to use it on `public`
     * functions that are used as external entry points and are not called internally. Unless you know what you're
     * doing, it should never be used on `internal` functions. Failure to follow these rules can have critical security
     * implications! This is because the permissions are determined by the function that entered the contract, i.e. the
     * function at the bottom of the call stack, and not the function where the modifier is visible in the source code.
     * ====
     *
     * [WARNING]
     * ====
     * Avoid adding this modifier to the https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.20/contracts.html#receive-ether-function[`receive()`]
     * function or the https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.20/contracts.html#fallback-function[`fallback()`]. These
     * functions are the only execution paths where a function selector cannot be unambiguosly determined from the calldata
     * since the selector defaults to `0x00000000` in the `receive()` function and similarly in the `fallback()` function
     * if no calldata is provided. (See {_checkCanCall}).
     *
     * The `receive()` function will always panic whereas the `fallback()` may panic depending on the calldata length.
     * ====
     */
    modifier restricted() {
        _checkCanCall(_msgSender(), _msgData());
        _;
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IAccessManaged
    function authority() public view virtual returns (address) {
        AccessManagedStorage storage $ = _getAccessManagedStorage();
        return $._authority;
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IAccessManaged
    function setAuthority(address newAuthority) public virtual {
        address caller = _msgSender();
        if (caller != authority()) {
            revert AccessManagedUnauthorized(caller);
        }
        if (newAuthority.code.length == 0) {
            revert AccessManagedInvalidAuthority(newAuthority);
        }
        _setAuthority(newAuthority);
    }
    /// @inheritdoc IAccessManaged
    function isConsumingScheduledOp() public view returns (bytes4) {
        AccessManagedStorage storage $ = _getAccessManagedStorage();
        return $._consumingSchedule ? this.isConsumingScheduledOp.selector : bytes4(0);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Transfers control to a new authority. Internal function with no access restriction. Allows bypassing the
     * permissions set by the current authority.
     */
    function _setAuthority(address newAuthority) internal virtual {
        AccessManagedStorage storage $ = _getAccessManagedStorage();
        $._authority = newAuthority;
        emit AuthorityUpdated(newAuthority);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the caller is not allowed to call the function identified by a selector. Panics if the calldata
     * is less than 4 bytes long.
     */
    function _checkCanCall(address caller, bytes calldata data) internal virtual {
        AccessManagedStorage storage $ = _getAccessManagedStorage();
        (bool immediate, uint32 delay) = AuthorityUtils.canCallWithDelay(
            authority(),
            caller,
            address(this),
            bytes4(data[0:4])
        );
        if (!immediate) {
            if (delay > 0) {
                $._consumingSchedule = true;
                IAccessManager(authority()).consumeScheduledOp(caller, data);
                $._consumingSchedule = false;
            } else {
                revert AccessManagedUnauthorized(caller);
            }
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Pausable.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {ContextUpgradeable} from "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Pausable
    struct PausableStorage {
        bool _paused;
    }
    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Pausable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant PausableStorageLocation = 0xcd5ed15c6e187e77e9aee88184c21f4f2182ab5827cb3b7e07fbedcd63f03300;
    function _getPausableStorage() private pure returns (PausableStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := PausableStorageLocation
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);
    /**
     * @dev The operation failed because the contract is paused.
     */
    error EnforcedPause();
    /**
     * @dev The operation failed because the contract is not paused.
     */
    error ExpectedPause();
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Pausable_init_unchained();
    }
    function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
        $._paused = false;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _requireNotPaused();
        _;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _requirePaused();
        _;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
        return $._paused;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
     */
    function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
        if (paused()) {
            revert EnforcedPause();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
     */
    function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
        if (!paused()) {
            revert ExpectedPause();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
        $._paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
        $._paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable is Initializable {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.
    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant ENTERED = 2;
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.ReentrancyGuard
    struct ReentrancyGuardStorage {
        uint256 _status;
    }
    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.ReentrancyGuard")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant ReentrancyGuardStorageLocation = 0x9b779b17422d0df92223018b32b4d1fa46e071723d6817e2486d003becc55f00;
    function _getReentrancyGuardStorage() private pure returns (ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := ReentrancyGuardStorageLocation
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Unauthorized reentrant call.
     */
    error ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();
    function __ReentrancyGuard_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained();
    }
    function __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
        $._status = NOT_ENTERED;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }
    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be NOT_ENTERED
        if ($._status == ENTERED) {
            revert ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();
        }
        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        $._status = ENTERED;
    }
    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        $._status = NOT_ENTERED;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the reentrancy guard is currently set to "entered", which indicates there is a
     * `nonReentrant` function in the call stack.
     */
    function _reentrancyGuardEntered() internal view returns (bool) {
        ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
        return $._status == ENTERED;
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    /**
     * @dev Muldiv operation overflow.
     */
    error MathOverflowedMulDiv();
    enum Rounding {
        Floor, // Toward negative infinity
        Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
        Trunc, // Toward zero
        Expand // Away from zero
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            if (c < a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b > a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a - b);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
            // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
            // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
            if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
            uint256 c = a * b;
            if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     */
    function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a / b);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     */
    function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a % b);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
     * of rounding towards zero.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (b == 0) {
            // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
            return a / b;
        }
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }
    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
     * denominator == 0.
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
     * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0 = x * y; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }
            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }
            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            if (denominator <= prod1) {
                revert MathOverflowedMulDiv();
            }
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)
                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }
            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
            // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)
                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)
                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }
            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;
            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;
            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
            // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256
            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }
    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
     * towards zero.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);
        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
     */
    function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Permit.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IERC20Permit} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
import {ERC20Upgradeable} from "../ERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import {ECDSA} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";
import {EIP712Upgradeable} from "../../../utils/cryptography/EIP712Upgradeable.sol";
import {NoncesUpgradeable} from "../../../utils/NoncesUpgradeable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
/**
 * @dev Implementation of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on `{IERC20-approve}`, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
abstract contract ERC20PermitUpgradeable is Initializable, ERC20Upgradeable, IERC20Permit, EIP712Upgradeable, NoncesUpgradeable {
    bytes32 private constant PERMIT_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256("Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");
    /**
     * @dev Permit deadline has expired.
     */
    error ERC2612ExpiredSignature(uint256 deadline);
    /**
     * @dev Mismatched signature.
     */
    error ERC2612InvalidSigner(address signer, address owner);
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the {EIP712} domain separator using the `name` parameter, and setting `version` to `"1"`.
     *
     * It's a good idea to use the same `name` that is defined as the ERC20 token name.
     */
    function __ERC20Permit_init(string memory name) internal onlyInitializing {
        __EIP712_init_unchained(name, "1");
    }
    function __ERC20Permit_init_unchained(string memory) internal onlyInitializing {}
    /**
     * @inheritdoc IERC20Permit
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) public virtual {
        if (block.timestamp > deadline) {
            revert ERC2612ExpiredSignature(deadline);
        }
        bytes32 structHash = keccak256(abi.encode(PERMIT_TYPEHASH, owner, spender, value, _useNonce(owner), deadline));
        bytes32 hash = _hashTypedDataV4(structHash);
        address signer = ECDSA.recover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer != owner) {
            revert ERC2612InvalidSigner(signer, owner);
        }
        _approve(owner, spender, value);
    }
    /**
     * @inheritdoc IERC20Permit
     */
    function nonces(address owner) public view virtual override(IERC20Permit, NoncesUpgradeable) returns (uint256) {
        return super.nonces(owner);
    }
    /**
     * @inheritdoc IERC20Permit
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return _domainSeparatorV4();
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/beacon/BeaconProxy.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IBeacon} from "./IBeacon.sol";
import {Proxy} from "../Proxy.sol";
import {ERC1967Utils} from "../ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol";
/**
 * @dev This contract implements a proxy that gets the implementation address for each call from an {UpgradeableBeacon}.
 *
 * The beacon address can only be set once during construction, and cannot be changed afterwards. It is stored in an
 * immutable variable to avoid unnecessary storage reads, and also in the beacon storage slot specified by
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] so that it can be accessed externally.
 *
 * CAUTION: Since the beacon address can never be changed, you must ensure that you either control the beacon, or trust
 * the beacon to not upgrade the implementation maliciously.
 *
 * IMPORTANT: Do not use the implementation logic to modify the beacon storage slot. Doing so would leave the proxy in
 * an inconsistent state where the beacon storage slot does not match the beacon address.
 */
contract BeaconProxy is Proxy {
    // An immutable address for the beacon to avoid unnecessary SLOADs before each delegate call.
    address private immutable _beacon;
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the proxy with `beacon`.
     *
     * If `data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to the implementation returned by the beacon. This
     * will typically be an encoded function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity
     * constructor.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `beacon` must be a contract with the interface {IBeacon}.
     * - If `data` is empty, `msg.value` must be zero.
     */
    constructor(address beacon, bytes memory data) payable {
        ERC1967Utils.upgradeBeaconToAndCall(beacon, data);
        _beacon = beacon;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address of the associated beacon.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address) {
        return IBeacon(_getBeacon()).implementation();
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the beacon.
     */
    function _getBeacon() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _beacon;
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC3156FlashBorrower.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC3156 FlashBorrower, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3156[ERC-3156].
 */
interface IERC3156FlashBorrower {
    /**
     * @dev Receive a flash loan.
     * @param initiator The initiator of the loan.
     * @param token The loan currency.
     * @param amount The amount of tokens lent.
     * @param fee The additional amount of tokens to repay.
     * @param data Arbitrary data structure, intended to contain user-defined parameters.
     * @return The keccak256 hash of "ERC3156FlashBorrower.onFlashLoan"
     */
    function onFlashLoan(
        address initiator,
        address token,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 fee,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes32);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC4626.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IERC20} from "../token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {IERC20Metadata} from "../token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC4626 "Tokenized Vault Standard", as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4626[ERC-4626].
 */
interface IERC4626 is IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    event Deposit(address indexed sender, address indexed owner, uint256 assets, uint256 shares);
    event Withdraw(
        address indexed sender,
        address indexed receiver,
        address indexed owner,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares
    );
    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the underlying token used for the Vault for accounting, depositing, and withdrawing.
     *
     * - MUST be an ERC-20 token contract.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function asset() external view returns (address assetTokenAddress);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of the underlying asset that is “managed” by Vault.
     *
     * - SHOULD include any compounding that occurs from yield.
     * - MUST be inclusive of any fees that are charged against assets in the Vault.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function totalAssets() external view returns (uint256 totalManagedAssets);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of shares that the Vault would exchange for the amount of assets provided, in an ideal
     * scenario where all the conditions are met.
     *
     * - MUST NOT be inclusive of any fees that are charged against assets in the Vault.
     * - MUST NOT show any variations depending on the caller.
     * - MUST NOT reflect slippage or other on-chain conditions, when performing the actual exchange.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: This calculation MAY NOT reflect the “per-user” price-per-share, and instead should reflect the
     * “average-user’s” price-per-share, meaning what the average user should expect to see when exchanging to and
     * from.
     */
    function convertToShares(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of assets that the Vault would exchange for the amount of shares provided, in an ideal
     * scenario where all the conditions are met.
     *
     * - MUST NOT be inclusive of any fees that are charged against assets in the Vault.
     * - MUST NOT show any variations depending on the caller.
     * - MUST NOT reflect slippage or other on-chain conditions, when performing the actual exchange.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: This calculation MAY NOT reflect the “per-user” price-per-share, and instead should reflect the
     * “average-user’s” price-per-share, meaning what the average user should expect to see when exchanging to and
     * from.
     */
    function convertToAssets(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256 assets);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum amount of the underlying asset that can be deposited into the Vault for the receiver,
     * through a deposit call.
     *
     * - MUST return a limited value if receiver is subject to some deposit limit.
     * - MUST return 2 ** 256 - 1 if there is no limit on the maximum amount of assets that may be deposited.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function maxDeposit(address receiver) external view returns (uint256 maxAssets);
    /**
     * @dev Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate the effects of their deposit at the current block, given
     * current on-chain conditions.
     *
     * - MUST return as close to and no more than the exact amount of Vault shares that would be minted in a deposit
     *   call in the same transaction. I.e. deposit should return the same or more shares as previewDeposit if called
     *   in the same transaction.
     * - MUST NOT account for deposit limits like those returned from maxDeposit and should always act as though the
     *   deposit would be accepted, regardless if the user has enough tokens approved, etc.
     * - MUST be inclusive of deposit fees. Integrators should be aware of the existence of deposit fees.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: any unfavorable discrepancy between convertToShares and previewDeposit SHOULD be considered slippage in
     * share price or some other type of condition, meaning the depositor will lose assets by depositing.
     */
    function previewDeposit(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @dev Mints shares Vault shares to receiver by depositing exactly amount of underlying tokens.
     *
     * - MUST emit the Deposit event.
     * - MAY support an additional flow in which the underlying tokens are owned by the Vault contract before the
     *   deposit execution, and are accounted for during deposit.
     * - MUST revert if all of assets cannot be deposited (due to deposit limit being reached, slippage, the user not
     *   approving enough underlying tokens to the Vault contract, etc).
     *
     * NOTE: most implementations will require pre-approval of the Vault with the Vault’s underlying asset token.
     */
    function deposit(uint256 assets, address receiver) external returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum amount of the Vault shares that can be minted for the receiver, through a mint call.
     * - MUST return a limited value if receiver is subject to some mint limit.
     * - MUST return 2 ** 256 - 1 if there is no limit on the maximum amount of shares that may be minted.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function maxMint(address receiver) external view returns (uint256 maxShares);
    /**
     * @dev Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate the effects of their mint at the current block, given
     * current on-chain conditions.
     *
     * - MUST return as close to and no fewer than the exact amount of assets that would be deposited in a mint call
     *   in the same transaction. I.e. mint should return the same or fewer assets as previewMint if called in the
     *   same transaction.
     * - MUST NOT account for mint limits like those returned from maxMint and should always act as though the mint
     *   would be accepted, regardless if the user has enough tokens approved, etc.
     * - MUST be inclusive of deposit fees. Integrators should be aware of the existence of deposit fees.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: any unfavorable discrepancy between convertToAssets and previewMint SHOULD be considered slippage in
     * share price or some other type of condition, meaning the depositor will lose assets by minting.
     */
    function previewMint(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256 assets);
    /**
     * @dev Mints exactly shares Vault shares to receiver by depositing amount of underlying tokens.
     *
     * - MUST emit the Deposit event.
     * - MAY support an additional flow in which the underlying tokens are owned by the Vault contract before the mint
     *   execution, and are accounted for during mint.
     * - MUST revert if all of shares cannot be minted (due to deposit limit being reached, slippage, the user not
     *   approving enough underlying tokens to the Vault contract, etc).
     *
     * NOTE: most implementations will require pre-approval of the Vault with the Vault’s underlying asset token.
     */
    function mint(uint256 shares, address receiver) external returns (uint256 assets);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum amount of the underlying asset that can be withdrawn from the owner balance in the
     * Vault, through a withdraw call.
     *
     * - MUST return a limited value if owner is subject to some withdrawal limit or timelock.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function maxWithdraw(address owner) external view returns (uint256 maxAssets);
    /**
     * @dev Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate the effects of their withdrawal at the current block,
     * given current on-chain conditions.
     *
     * - MUST return as close to and no fewer than the exact amount of Vault shares that would be burned in a withdraw
     *   call in the same transaction. I.e. withdraw should return the same or fewer shares as previewWithdraw if
     *   called
     *   in the same transaction.
     * - MUST NOT account for withdrawal limits like those returned from maxWithdraw and should always act as though
     *   the withdrawal would be accepted, regardless if the user has enough shares, etc.
     * - MUST be inclusive of withdrawal fees. Integrators should be aware of the existence of withdrawal fees.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: any unfavorable discrepancy between convertToShares and previewWithdraw SHOULD be considered slippage in
     * share price or some other type of condition, meaning the depositor will lose assets by depositing.
     */
    function previewWithdraw(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @dev Burns shares from owner and sends exactly assets of underlying tokens to receiver.
     *
     * - MUST emit the Withdraw event.
     * - MAY support an additional flow in which the underlying tokens are owned by the Vault contract before the
     *   withdraw execution, and are accounted for during withdraw.
     * - MUST revert if all of assets cannot be withdrawn (due to withdrawal limit being reached, slippage, the owner
     *   not having enough shares, etc).
     *
     * Note that some implementations will require pre-requesting to the Vault before a withdrawal may be performed.
     * Those methods should be performed separately.
     */
    function withdraw(uint256 assets, address receiver, address owner) external returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum amount of Vault shares that can be redeemed from the owner balance in the Vault,
     * through a redeem call.
     *
     * - MUST return a limited value if owner is subject to some withdrawal limit or timelock.
     * - MUST return balanceOf(owner) if owner is not subject to any withdrawal limit or timelock.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function maxRedeem(address owner) external view returns (uint256 maxShares);
    /**
     * @dev Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate the effects of their redeemption at the current block,
     * given current on-chain conditions.
     *
     * - MUST return as close to and no more than the exact amount of assets that would be withdrawn in a redeem call
     *   in the same transaction. I.e. redeem should return the same or more assets as previewRedeem if called in the
     *   same transaction.
     * - MUST NOT account for redemption limits like those returned from maxRedeem and should always act as though the
     *   redemption would be accepted, regardless if the user has enough shares, etc.
     * - MUST be inclusive of withdrawal fees. Integrators should be aware of the existence of withdrawal fees.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: any unfavorable discrepancy between convertToAssets and previewRedeem SHOULD be considered slippage in
     * share price or some other type of condition, meaning the depositor will lose assets by redeeming.
     */
    function previewRedeem(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256 assets);
    /**
     * @dev Burns exactly shares from owner and sends assets of underlying tokens to receiver.
     *
     * - MUST emit the Withdraw event.
     * - MAY support an additional flow in which the underlying tokens are owned by the Vault contract before the
     *   redeem execution, and are accounted for during redeem.
     * - MUST revert if all of shares cannot be redeemed (due to withdrawal limit being reached, slippage, the owner
     *   not having enough shares, etc).
     *
     * NOTE: some implementations will require pre-requesting to the Vault before a withdrawal may be performed.
     * Those methods should be performed separately.
     */
    function redeem(uint256 shares, address receiver, address owner) external returns (uint256 assets);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.20;
import "../interfaces/IYieldToken.sol";
import "../interfaces/IPrincipalToken.sol";
import "../interfaces/IRegistry.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts/interfaces/IERC4626.sol";
import "openzeppelin-math/Math.sol";
import "../libraries/RayMath.sol";
/**
 * @title PrincipalTokenUtil library
 * @author Spectra Finance
 * @notice Provides miscellaneous utils for computations in PrincipalToken.sol.
 */
library PrincipalTokenUtil {
    using Math for uint256;
    using RayMath for uint256;
    error AssetDoesNotImplementMetadata();
    uint256 private constant SAFETY_BOUND = 100; // used to favour the protocol in case of approximations
    uint256 private constant FEE_DIVISOR = 1e18; // equivalent to 100% fees
    uint256 private constant MIN_LENGTH = 32; // minimum length the encoded decimals should have
    /**
     * @dev Computes the yield for a specified user since the last update.
     * @param _user The address for which the yield is to be calculated.
     * @param _currentYieldInIBT the current yield of user in IBT
     * @param _oldIBTRate the previous deposit IBT rate of user (in Ray)
     * @param _ibtRate the current IBT rate (in Ray)
     * @param _oldPTRate the previous deposit pt rate of user (in Ray)
     * @param _ptRate the current PT rate (in Ray)
     * @param _yt the address of YT
     * @return updatedYieldInIBT the calculated yield in IBT of user
     */
    function computeYield(
        address _user,
        uint256 _currentYieldInIBT,
        uint256 _oldIBTRate,
        uint256 _ibtRate,
        uint256 _oldPTRate,
        uint256 _ptRate,
        address _yt
    ) external view returns (uint256 updatedYieldInIBT) {
        if (_oldPTRate == _ptRate && _ibtRate == _oldIBTRate) {
            return _currentYieldInIBT;
        }
        uint8 ytDecimals = IERC20Metadata(_yt).decimals();
        uint256 newYieldInIBTRay;
        uint256 userYTBalanceInRay = IYieldToken(_yt).actualBalanceOf(_user).toRay(ytDecimals);
        // ibtOfPT is the yield generated by each PT corresponding to the YTs that the user holds
        uint256 ibtOfPTInRay = userYTBalanceInRay.mulDiv(_oldPTRate, _oldIBTRate);
        if (_oldPTRate == _ptRate && _ibtRate > _oldIBTRate) {
            // only positive yield happened
            newYieldInIBTRay = ibtOfPTInRay.mulDiv(_ibtRate - _oldIBTRate, _ibtRate);
        } else {
            if (_oldPTRate > _ptRate) {
                // PT depeg happened
                uint256 yieldInAssetRay;
                uint256 actualNegativeYieldInAssetRay = _convertToAssetsWithRate(
                    userYTBalanceInRay,
                    _oldPTRate - _ptRate,
                    Math.Rounding.Floor
                );
                if (_ibtRate >= _oldIBTRate) {
                    // both negative and positive yield happened, more positive
                    yieldInAssetRay =
                        actualNegativeYieldInAssetRay +
                        _convertToAssetsWithRate(
                            ibtOfPTInRay,
                            _ibtRate - _oldIBTRate,
                            Math.Rounding.Floor
                        );
                } else {
                    // either both negative and positive yield happened, more negative
                    // or only negative yield happened
                    uint256 expectedNegativeYieldInAssetRay = _convertToAssetsWithRate(
                        ibtOfPTInRay,
                        (_oldIBTRate - _ibtRate),
                        Math.Rounding.Ceil
                    );
                    yieldInAssetRay = expectedNegativeYieldInAssetRay >
                        actualNegativeYieldInAssetRay
                        ? 0
                        : actualNegativeYieldInAssetRay - expectedNegativeYieldInAssetRay;
                    yieldInAssetRay = yieldInAssetRay.fromRay(
                        IERC20Metadata(IPrincipalToken(IYieldToken(_yt).getPT()).underlying())
                            .decimals()
                    ) < SAFETY_BOUND
                        ? 0
                        : yieldInAssetRay;
                }
                newYieldInIBTRay = _convertToSharesWithRate(
                    yieldInAssetRay,
                    _ibtRate,
                    Math.Rounding.Floor
                );
            } else {
                // PT rate increased or did not depeg on IBT rate decrease
                revert IPrincipalToken.RateError();
            }
        }
        updatedYieldInIBT = _currentYieldInIBT + newYieldInIBTRay.fromRay(ytDecimals);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Attempts to fetch the token decimals. Reverts if the attempt failed in some way.
     * @param _token The token address
     * @return The ERC20 token decimals
     */
    function tryGetTokenDecimals(address _token) external view returns (uint8) {
        (bool success, bytes memory encodedDecimals) = _token.staticcall(
            abi.encodeCall(IERC20Metadata.decimals, ())
        );
        if (success && encodedDecimals.length >= MIN_LENGTH) {
            uint256 returnedDecimals = abi.decode(encodedDecimals, (uint256));
            if (returnedDecimals <= type(uint8).max) {
                return uint8(returnedDecimals);
            }
        }
        revert AssetDoesNotImplementMetadata();
    }
    /**
     * @dev Convert underlying amount to share, with the given rate
     * @param _assetsInRay The amount of underlying (in Ray)
     * @param _rate The share price in underlying (in Ray)
     * @param _rounding The rounding type to be used in the computation
     * @return sharesInRay The amount of share (in Ray)
     */
    function _convertToSharesWithRate(
        uint256 _assetsInRay,
        uint256 _rate,
        Math.Rounding _rounding
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 sharesInRay) {
        if (_rate == 0) {
            revert IPrincipalToken.RateError();
        }
        sharesInRay = _assetsInRay.mulDiv(RayMath.RAY_UNIT, _rate, _rounding);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Convert share amount to underlying, with the given rate
     * @param _sharesInRay The amount of share (in Ray)
     * @param _rate The share price in underlying (in Ray)
     * @param _rounding The rounding type to be used in the computation
     * @return assetsInRay The amount of underlying (in Ray)
     */
    function _convertToAssetsWithRate(
        uint256 _sharesInRay,
        uint256 _rate,
        Math.Rounding _rounding
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 assetsInRay) {
        assetsInRay = _sharesInRay.mulDiv(_rate, RayMath.RAY_UNIT, _rounding);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Compute tokenization fee for a given amount
     * @param _amount The amount to tokenize
     * @param _pt The address of the pt on which the fee is being paid
     * @param _registry The address of registry that stores fee rate
     * @return returns The calculated tokenization fee
     */
    function _computeTokenizationFee(
        uint256 _amount,
        address _pt,
        address _registry
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return
            _amount
                .mulDiv(IRegistry(_registry).getTokenizationFee(), FEE_DIVISOR, Math.Rounding.Ceil)
                .mulDiv(
                    FEE_DIVISOR - IRegistry(_registry).getFeeReduction(_pt, msg.sender),
                    FEE_DIVISOR,
                    Math.Rounding.Ceil
                );
    }
    /**
     * @dev Compute yield fee for a given amount
     * @param _amount the amount of yield
     * @param _registry the address of registry that stores fee rate
     * @return returns the calculated yield fee
     */
    function _computeYieldFee(uint256 _amount, address _registry) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _amount.mulDiv(IRegistry(_registry).getYieldFee(), FEE_DIVISOR, Math.Rounding.Ceil);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Compute flashloan fee for a given amount
     * @param _amount the amount to flashloan
     * @param _registry the address of registry that stores fee rate
     * @return returns the calculated flashloan fee
     */
    function _computeFlashloanFee(
        uint256 _amount,
        address _registry
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return
            _amount.mulDiv(
                IRegistry(_registry).getPTFlashLoanFee(),
                FEE_DIVISOR,
                Math.Rounding.Ceil
            );
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.20;
/**
 * @title NamingUtil library
 * @author Spectra Finance
 * @notice Provides miscellaneous utils for token naming.
 */
library NamingUtil {
    function genYTSymbol(
        string memory _ibtSymbol,
        uint256 _dateOfExpiry
    ) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        string memory date = uintToString(_dateOfExpiry);
        string memory symbol = concatenate(_ibtSymbol, "-");
        return concatenate(concatenate("YT-", symbol), date);
    }
    function genYTName(
        string memory _ibtSymbol,
        uint256 _dateOfExpiry
    ) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        string memory date = uintToString(_dateOfExpiry);
        string memory symbol = concatenate(_ibtSymbol, "-");
        return concatenate(concatenate("Yield Token: ", symbol), date);
    }
    function genPTSymbol(
        string memory _ibtSymbol,
        uint256 _dateOfExpiry
    ) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        string memory date = uintToString(_dateOfExpiry);
        string memory symbol = concatenate(_ibtSymbol, "-");
        return concatenate(concatenate("PT-", symbol), date);
    }
    function genPTName(
        string memory _ibtSymbol,
        uint256 _dateOfExpiry
    ) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        string memory date = uintToString(_dateOfExpiry);
        string memory symbol = concatenate(_ibtSymbol, "-");
        return concatenate(concatenate("Principal Token: ", symbol), date);
    }
    function concatenate(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string(abi.encodePacked(a, b));
    }
    function uintToString(uint256 _i) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        if (_i == 0) {
            return "0";
        }
        uint256 j = _i;
        uint256 len;
        while (j != 0) {
            len++;
            j /= 10;
        }
        bytes memory bstr = new bytes(len);
        uint256 k = len;
        while (_i != 0) {
            k = k - 1;
            uint8 temp = (48 + uint8(_i - (_i / 10) * 10));
            bytes1 b1 = bytes1(temp);
            bstr[k] = b1;
            _i /= 10;
        }
        return string(bstr);
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.20;
/**
 * @title RayMath library
 * @author Spectra Finance
 * @notice Provides conversions for/to any decimal tokens to/from ray.
 * @dev Conversions from Ray are rounded down.
 */
library RayMath {
    /// @dev 27 decimal unit
    uint256 public constant RAY_UNIT = 1e27;
    uint256 public constant RAY_DECIMALS = 27;
    /**
     * @dev Converts a value from Ray (27-decimal precision) to a representation with a specified number of decimals.
     * @param _a The amount in Ray to be converted. Ray is a fixed-point representation with 27 decimals.
     * @param _decimals The target decimal precision for the converted amount.
     * @return b The amount converted from Ray to the specified decimal precision.
     */
    function fromRay(uint256 _a, uint256 _decimals) internal pure returns (uint256 b) {
        uint256 decimals_ratio = 10 ** (RAY_DECIMALS - _decimals);
        assembly {
            b := div(_a, decimals_ratio)
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Converts a value from Ray (27-decimal precision) to a representation with a specified number of decimals.
     * @param _a The amount in Ray to be converted. Ray is a fixed-point representation with 27 decimals.
     * @param _decimals The target decimal precision for the converted amount.
     * @param _roundUp If true, the function rounds up the result to the nearest integer value.
     *                If false, it truncates (rounds down) to the nearest integer.
     * @return b The amount converted from Ray to the specified decimal precision, rounded as specified.
     */
    function fromRay(
        uint256 _a,
        uint256 _decimals,
        bool _roundUp
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 b) {
        uint256 decimals_ratio = 10 ** (RAY_DECIMALS - _decimals);
        assembly {
            b := div(_a, decimals_ratio)
            if and(eq(_roundUp, 1), gt(mod(_a, decimals_ratio), 0)) {
                b := add(b, 1)
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Converts a value with a specified number of decimals to Ray (27-decimal precision).
     * @param _a The amount to be converted, specified in a decimal format.
     * @param _decimals The number of decimals in the representation of 'a'.
     * @return b The amount in Ray, converted from the specified decimal precision.
     *           Ensures that the conversion maintains the value's integrity (no overflow).
     */
    function toRay(uint256 _a, uint256 _decimals) internal pure returns (uint256 b) {
        uint256 decimals_ratio = 10 ** (RAY_DECIMALS - _decimals);
        // to avoid overflow, b/decimals_ratio == _a
        assembly {
            b := mul(_a, decimals_ratio)
            if iszero(eq(div(b, decimals_ratio), _a)) {
                revert(0, 0)
            }
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
interface IRegistry {
    /* Errors
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    error FeeGreaterThanMaxValue();
    error PTListUpdateFailed();
    error ReductionTooBig();
    error AddressError();
    /* GETTERS
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    /**
     * @notice Getter for the factory address
     * @return The address of token factory
     */
    function getFactory() external view returns (address);
    /**
     * @notice Get the address of the router
     * @return The address of the router
     */
    function getRouter() external view returns (address);
    /**
     * @notice Get the address of the routerUtil
     * @return The address of the routerUtil
     */
    function getRouterUtil() external view returns (address);
    /**
     * @notice Get the address of the pt beacon
     * @return The address of PT beacon
     */
    function getPTBeacon() external view returns (address);
    /**
     * @notice Get the address of the yt beacon
     * @return The address of yt beacon
     */
    function getYTBeacon() external view returns (address);
    /**
     * @notice Get the value of tokenization fee
     * @return The value of tokenization fee
     */
    function getTokenizationFee() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Get the value of yield fee
     * @return The value of yield fee
     */
    function getYieldFee() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Get the value of PT flash loan fee
     * @return The value of PT flash loan fee
     */
    function getPTFlashLoanFee() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Get the address of the fee collector
     * @return The address of fee collector
     */
    function getFeeCollector() external view returns (address);
    /**
     * @notice Get the fee reduction of the given user for the given pt
     * @param _pt The address of the pt
     * @param _user The address of the user
     * @return The fee reduction of the given user for the given pt
     */
    function getFeeReduction(address _pt, address _user) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Getter to check if a pt is registered
     * @param _pt the address of the pt to check the registration of
     * @return true if it is, false otherwise
     */
    function isRegisteredPT(address _pt) external view returns (bool);
    /**
     * @notice Getter for the pt registered at an index
     * @param _index the index of the pt to return
     * @return The address of the corresponding pt
     */
    function getPTAt(uint256 _index) external view returns (address);
    /**
     * @notice Getter for number of PT registered
     * @return The number of PT registered
     */
    function pTCount() external view returns (uint256);
    /* SETTERS
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    /**
     * @notice Setter for the tokens factory address
     * @param _newFactory The address of the new factory
     */
    function setFactory(address _newFactory) external;
    /**
     * @notice set the router
     * @param _router The address of the router
     */
    function setRouter(address _router) external;
    /**
     * @notice set the routerUtil
     * @param _routerUtil The address of the routerUtil
     */
    function setRouterUtil(address _routerUtil) external;
    /**
     * @notice set the tokenization fee
     * @param _tokenizationFee The value of tokenization fee
     */
    function setTokenizationFee(uint256 _tokenizationFee) external;
    /**
     * @notice set the yield fee
     * @param _yieldFee The value of yield fee
     */
    function setYieldFee(uint256 _yieldFee) external;
    /**
     * @notice set the PT flash loan fee
     * @param _ptFlashLoanFee The value of PT flash loan fee
     */
    function setPTFlashLoanFee(uint256 _ptFlashLoanFee) external;
    /**
     * @notice set the fee collector
     * @param _feeCollector The address of fee collector
     */
    function setFeeCollector(address _feeCollector) external;
    /**
     * @notice Set the fee reduction of the given pt for the given user
     * @param _pt The address of the pt
     * @param _user The address of the user
     * @param _reduction The fee reduction
     */
    function reduceFee(address _pt, address _user, uint256 _reduction) external;
    /**
     * @notice set the pt beacon
     * @param _ptBeacon The address of PT beacon
     */
    function setPTBeacon(address _ptBeacon) external;
    /**
     * @notice set the yt beacon
     * @param _ytBeacon The address of yt beacon
     */
    function setYTBeacon(address _ytBeacon) external;
    /**
     * @notice Add a pt to the registry
     * @param _pt The address of the pt to add to the registry
     */
    function addPT(address _pt) external;
    /**
     * @notice Remove a pt from the registry
     * @param _pt The address of the pt to remove from the registry
     */
    function removePT(address _pt) external;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import "openzeppelin-contracts/interfaces/IERC20.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts/interfaces/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts/interfaces/IERC3156FlashLender.sol";
interface IPrincipalToken is IERC20, IERC20Metadata, IERC3156FlashLender {
    /* ERRORS
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    error InvalidDecimals();
    error BeaconNotSet();
    error PTExpired();
    error PTNotExpired();
    error RateError();
    error AddressError();
    error UnauthorizedCaller();
    error RatesAtExpiryAlreadyStored();
    error ERC5143SlippageProtectionFailed();
    error InsufficientBalance();
    error FlashLoanExceedsMaxAmount();
    error FlashLoanCallbackFailed();
    error NoRewardsProxy();
    error ClaimRewardsFailed();
    /* Functions
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    function initialize(address _ibt, uint256 _duration, address initialAuthority) external;
    /**
     * @notice Toggle Pause
     * @dev Should only be called in extraordinary situations by the admin of the contract
     */
    function pause() external;
    /**
     * @notice Toggle UnPause
     * @dev Should only be called in extraordinary situations by the admin of the contract
     */
    function unPause() external;
    /**
     * @notice Deposits amount of assets in the PT vault
     * @param assets The amount of assets being deposited
     * @param receiver The receiver address of the shares
     * @return shares The amount of shares minted (same amount for PT & yt)
     */
    function deposit(uint256 assets, address receiver) external returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @notice Deposits amount of assets in the PT vault
     * @param assets The amount of assets being deposited
     * @param ptReceiver The receiver address of the PTs
     * @param ytReceiver the receiver address of the YTs
     * @return shares The amount of shares minted (same amount for PT & yt)
     */
    function deposit(
        uint256 assets,
        address ptReceiver,
        address ytReceiver
    ) external returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @notice Deposits amount of assets with a lower bound on shares received
     * @param assets The amount of assets being deposited
     * @param ptReceiver The receiver address of the PTs
     * @param ytReceiver The receiver address of the YTs
     * @param minShares The minimum allowed shares from this deposit
     * @return shares The amount of shares actually minted to the receiver
     */
    function deposit(
        uint256 assets,
        address ptReceiver,
        address ytReceiver,
        uint256 minShares
    ) external returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @notice Same as normal deposit but with IBTs
     * @param ibts The amount of IBT being deposited
     * @param receiver The receiver address of the shares
     * @return shares The amount of shares minted to the receiver
     */
    function depositIBT(uint256 ibts, address receiver) external returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @notice Same as normal deposit but with IBTs
     * @param ibts The amount of IBT being deposited
     * @param ptReceiver The receiver address of the PTs
     * @param ytReceiver the receiver address of the YTs
     * @return shares The amount of shares minted to the receiver
     */
    function depositIBT(
        uint256 ibts,
        address ptReceiver,
        address ytReceiver
    ) external returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @notice Same as normal deposit but with IBTs
     * @param ibts The amount of IBT being deposited
     * @param ptReceiver The receiver address of the PTs
     * @param ytReceiver The receiver address of the YTs
     * @param minShares The minimum allowed shares from this deposit
     * @return shares The amount of shares minted to the receiver
     */
    function depositIBT(
        uint256 ibts,
        address ptReceiver,
        address ytReceiver,
        uint256 minShares
    ) external returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @notice Burns owner's shares (PTs and YTs before expiry, PTs after expiry)
     * and sends assets to receiver
     * @param shares The amount of shares to burn
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the assets
     * @param owner The owner of the shares
     * @return assets The actual amount of assets received for burning the shares
     */
    function redeem(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    ) external returns (uint256 assets);
    /**
     * @notice Burns owner's shares (PTs and YTs before expiry, PTs after expiry)
     * and sends assets to receiver
     * @param shares The amount of shares to burn
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the assets
     * @param owner The owner of the shares
     * @param minAssets The minimum assets that should be returned to user
     * @return assets The actual amount of assets received for burning the shares
     */
    function redeem(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 minAssets
    ) external returns (uint256 assets);
    /**
     * @notice Burns owner's shares (PTs and YTs before expiry, PTs after expiry)
     * and sends IBTs to receiver
     * @param shares The amount of shares to burn
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the IBTs
     * @param owner The owner of the shares
     * @return ibts The actual amount of IBT received for burning the shares
     */
    function redeemForIBT(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    ) external returns (uint256 ibts);
    /**
     * @notice Burns owner's shares (PTs and YTs before expiry, PTs after expiry)
     * and sends IBTs to receiver
     * @param shares The amount of shares to burn
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the IBTs
     * @param owner The owner of the shares
     * @param minIbts The minimum IBTs that should be returned to user
     * @return ibts The actual amount of IBT received for burning the shares
     */
    function redeemForIBT(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 minIbts
    ) external returns (uint256 ibts);
    /**
     * @notice Burns owner's shares (before expiry : PTs and YTs) and sends assets to receiver
     * @param assets The amount of assets to be received
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the assets
     * @param owner The owner of the shares (PTs and YTs)
     * @return shares The actual amount of shares burnt for receiving the assets
     */
    function withdraw(
        uint256 assets,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    ) external returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @notice Burns owner's shares (before expiry : PTs and YTs) and sends assets to receiver
     * @param assets The amount of assets to be received
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the assets
     * @param owner The owner of the shares (PTs and YTs)
     * @param maxShares The maximum shares allowed to be burnt
     * @return shares The actual amount of shares burnt for receiving the assets
     */
    function withdraw(
        uint256 assets,
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 maxShares
    ) external returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @notice Burns owner's shares (before expiry : PTs and YTs) and sends IBTs to receiver
     * @param ibts The amount of IBT to be received
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the IBTs
     * @param owner The owner of the shares (PTs and YTs)
     * @return shares The actual amount of shares burnt for receiving the IBTs
     */
    function withdrawIBT(
        uint256 ibts,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    ) external returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @notice Burns owner's shares (before expiry : PTs and YTs) and sends IBTs to receiver
     * @param ibts The amount of IBT to be received
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the IBTs
     * @param owner The owner of the shares (PTs and YTs)
     * @param maxShares The maximum shares allowed to be burnt
     * @return shares The actual amount of shares burnt for receiving the IBTs
     */
    function withdrawIBT(
        uint256 ibts,
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 maxShares
    ) external returns (uint256 shares);
    /**
     * @notice Updates _user's yield since last update
     * @param _user The user whose yield will be updated
     * @return updatedUserYieldInIBT The unclaimed yield of the user in IBT (not just the updated yield)
     */
    function updateYield(address _user) external returns (uint256 updatedUserYieldInIBT);
    /**
     * @notice Claims caller's unclaimed yield in asset
     * @param _receiver The receiver of yield
     * @param _minAssets The minimum amount of assets that should be received
     * @return yieldInAsset The amount of yield claimed in asset
     */
    function claimYield(
        address _receiver,
        uint256 _minAssets
    ) external returns (uint256 yieldInAsset);
    /**
     * @notice Claims caller's unclaimed yield in IBT
     * @param _receiver The receiver of yield
     * @param _minIBT The minimum amount of IBT that should be received
     * @return yieldInIBT The amount of yield claimed in IBT
     */
    function claimYieldInIBT(
        address _receiver,
        uint256 _minIBT
    ) external returns (uint256 yieldInIBT);
    /**
     * @notice Claims the collected ibt fees and redeems them to the fee collector
     * @param _minAssets The minimum amount of assets that should be received
     * @return assets The amount of assets sent to the fee collector
     */
    function claimFees(uint256 _minAssets) external returns (uint256 assets);
    /**
     * @notice Updates yield of both sender and receiver of YTs
     * @param _from the sender of YTs
     * @param _to the receiver of YTs
     */
    function beforeYtTransfer(address _from, address _to) external;
    /**
     * Call the claimRewards function of the rewards contract
     * @param data The optional data to be passed to the rewards contract
     */
    function claimRewards(bytes memory data) external;
    /* SETTERS
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    /**
     * @notice Stores PT and IBT rates at expiry. Ideally, it should be called the day of expiry
     */
    function storeRatesAtExpiry() external;
    /** Set a new Rewards Proxy
     * @param _rewardsProxy The address of the new reward proxy
     */
    function setRewardsProxy(address _rewardsProxy) external;
    /* GETTERS
     *****************************************************************************************************************/
    /**
     * @notice Returns the amount of shares minted for the theorical deposited amount of assets
     * @param assets The amount of assets deposited
     * @return The amount of shares minted
     */
    function previewDeposit(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the amount of shares minted for the theorical deposited amount of IBT
     * @param ibts The amount of IBT deposited
     * @return The amount of shares minted
     */
    function previewDepositIBT(uint256 ibts) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the maximum amount of the underlying asset that can be deposited into the Vault for the receiver,
     * through a deposit call.
     * @param receiver The receiver of the shares
     * @return The maximum amount of assets that can be deposited
     */
    function maxDeposit(address receiver) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the theorical amount of shares that need to be burnt to receive assets of underlying
     * @param assets The amount of assets to receive
     * @return The amount of shares burnt
     */
    function previewWithdraw(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the theorical amount of shares that need to be burnt to receive amount of IBT
     * @param ibts The amount of IBT to receive
     * @return The amount of shares burnt
     */
    function previewWithdrawIBT(uint256 ibts) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the maximum amount of the underlying asset that can be withdrawn from the owner balance in the
     * Vault, through a withdraw call.
     * @param owner The owner of the Vault shares
     * @return The maximum amount of assets that can be withdrawn
     */
    function maxWithdraw(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the maximum amount of the IBT that can be withdrawn from the owner balance in the
     * Vault, through a withdraw call.
     * @param owner The owner of the Vault shares
     * @return The maximum amount of IBT that can be withdrawn
     */
    function maxWithdrawIBT(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the amount of assets received for the theorical amount of burnt shares
     * @param shares The amount of shares to burn
     * @return The amount of assets received
     */
    function previewRedeem(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the amount of IBT received for the theorical amount of burnt shares
     * @param shares The amount of shares to burn
     * @return The amount of IBT received
     */
    function previewRedeemForIBT(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the maximum amount of Vault shares that can be redeemed by the owner
     * @notice This function behaves differently before and after expiry. Before expiry an equal amount of PT and YT
     * needs to be burnt, while after expiry only PTs are burnt.
     * @param owner The owner of the shares
     * @return The maximum amount of shares that can be redeemed
     */
    function maxRedeem(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * Returns the total amount of the underlying asset that is owned by the Vault in the form of IBT.
     */
    function totalAssets() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Converts an underlying amount in principal. Equivalent to ERC-4626's convertToShares method.
     * @param underlyingAmount The amount of underlying (or assets) to convert
     * @return The resulting amount of principal (or shares)
     */
    function convertToPrincipal(uint256 underlyingAmount) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Converts a principal amount in underlying. Equivalent to ERC-4626's convertToAssets method.
     * @param principalAmount The amount of principal (or shares) to convert
     * @return The resulting amount of underlying (or assets)
     */
    function convertToUnderlying(uint256 principalAmount) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns whether or not the contract is paused.
     * @return true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise
     */
    function paused() external view returns (bool);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the unix timestamp (uint256) at which the PT contract expires
     * @return The unix timestamp (uint256) when PTs become redeemable
     */
    function maturity() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the duration of the PT contract
     * @return The duration (in s) to expiry/maturity of the PT contract
     */
    function getDuration() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the address of the underlying token (or asset). Equivalent to ERC-4626's asset method.
     * @return The address of the underlying token (or asset)
     */
    function underlying() external view returns (address);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the IBT address of the PT contract
     * @return ibt The address of the IBT
     */
    function getIBT() external view returns (address ibt);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the yt address of the PT contract
     * @return yt The address of the yt
     */
    function getYT() external view returns (address yt);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the current ibtRate
     * @return The current ibtRate
     */
    function getIBTRate() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns the current ptRate
     * @return The current ptRate
     */
    function getPTRate() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Returns 1 unit of IBT
     * @return The IBT unit
     */
    function getIBTUnit() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Get the unclaimed fees in IBT
     * @return The unclaimed fees in IBT
     */
    function getUnclaimedFeesInIBT() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Get the total collected fees in IBT (claimed and unclaimed)
     * @return The total fees in IBT
     */
    function getTotalFeesInIBT() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Get the tokenization fee of the PT
     * @return The tokenization fee
     */
    function getTokenizationFee() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @notice Get the current IBT yield of the user
     * @param _user The address of the user to get the current yield from
     * @return The yield of the user in IBT
     */
    function getCurrentYieldOfUserInIBT(address _user) external view returns (uint256);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
import "openzeppelin-contracts/interfaces/IERC20.sol";
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
interface IYieldToken is IERC20 {
    error EnforcedPause();
    error UnauthorizedCaller();
    /**
     * @notice Initializer of the contract.
     * @param name_ The name of the yt token.
     * @param symbol_ The symbol of the yt token.
     * @param pt The address of the PT associated with this yt token.
     */
    function initialize(string calldata name_, string calldata symbol_, address pt) external;
    /**
     * @notice returns the decimals of the yt tokens.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of PT associated with this yt.
     */
    function getPT() external view returns (address);
    /**
     * @dev Updates yield of sender and receiver in associated PT contract and
     * then calls transfer of ERC20Upgradeable.
     * See {ERC20Upgradeable-transfer}.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    /**
     * @dev Updates yield of sender and receiver in associated PT contract and
     * then calls transferFrom of ERC20Upgradeable.
     * See {ERC20Upgradeable-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    /**
     * @notice Burn amount of tokens using ERC20Upgradeable-_burn, in the context of PT's redeem or withdraw.
     * @dev call only be called by associated PT.
     * @dev does not update owner's yield, as opposed to burn().
     * See {ERC20Upgradeable-_burn}.
     * @param owner address from which tokens will be burnt
     * @param caller address who made the PT's redeem/withdraw call
     * @param amount to burn
     */
    function burnWithoutYieldUpdate(address owner, address caller, uint256 amount) external;
    /**
     * @notice Checks for msg.sender to be pt and then calls _mint of ERC20Upgradeable.
     * See {ERC20Upgradeable- _mint}.
     * @param to address to mint YT's to
     * @param amount to mint
     */
    function mint(address to, uint256 amount) external;
    /**
     * @notice Updates the yield of the caller and then calls _burn of ERC20Upgradeable.
     * See {ERC20Upgradeable-_burn}.
     * @param amount of YT's to burn
     */
    function burn(uint256 amount) external;
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence before expiry, and 0 after expiry
     * @notice This behaviour is for UI/UX purposes only
     * @return the value of YTs in existence, and 0 after expiry
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account` before expiry, and 0 after expiry
     * @notice This behaviour is for UI/UX purposes only
     * @param account The address of the user to get the actual balance of YT from
     * @return The users balance of YTs before expiry, and 0 after expiry
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the actual amount of tokens owned by `account` at any point in time
     * @param account The address of the user to get the actual balance of YT from
     * @return The actual users balance of YTs (before and after expiry)
     */
    function actualBalanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
interface IRewardsProxy {
    function claimRewards(bytes memory data) external;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 *
 * ==== Security Considerations
 *
 * There are two important considerations concerning the use of `permit`. The first is that a valid permit signature
 * expresses an allowance, and it should not be assumed to convey additional meaning. In particular, it should not be
 * considered as an intention to spend the allowance in any specific way. The second is that because permits have
 * built-in replay protection and can be submitted by anyone, they can be frontrun. A protocol that uses permits should
 * take this into consideration and allow a `permit` call to fail. Combining these two aspects, a pattern that may be
 * generally recommended is:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function doThingWithPermit(..., uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public {
 *     try token.permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s) {} catch {}
 *     doThing(..., value);
 * }
 *
 * function doThing(..., uint256 value) public {
 *     token.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), value);
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Observe that: 1) `msg.sender` is used as the owner, leaving no ambiguity as to the signer intent, and 2) the use of
 * `try/catch` allows the permit to fail and makes the code tolerant to frontrunning. (See also
 * {SafeERC20-safeTransferFrom}).
 *
 * Additionally, note that smart contract wallets (such as Argent or Safe) are not able to produce permit signatures, so
 * contracts should have entry points that don't rely on permit.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     *
     * CAUTION: See Security Considerations above.
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Address.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
     */
    error AddressInsufficientBalance(address account);
    /**
     * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
     */
    error AddressEmptyCode(address target);
    /**
     * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
     */
    error FailedInnerCall();
    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        if (address(this).balance < amount) {
            revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
        }
        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        if (!success) {
            revert FailedInnerCall();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
     * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
     * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
     * {FailedInnerCall} error.
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        if (address(this).balance < value) {
            revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
        }
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
     * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {FailedInnerCall}) in case of an
     * unsuccessful call.
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
            // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
            if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
            }
            return returndata;
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or with a default {FailedInnerCall} error.
     */
    function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            return returndata;
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {FailedInnerCall}.
     */
    function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert FailedInnerCall();
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/manager/IAuthority.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Standard interface for permissioning originally defined in Dappsys.
 */
interface IAuthority {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the caller can invoke on a target the function identified by a function selector.
     */
    function canCall(address caller, address target, bytes4 selector) external view returns (bool allowed);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/manager/AuthorityUtils.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IAuthority} from "./IAuthority.sol";
library AuthorityUtils {
    /**
     * @dev Since `AccessManager` implements an extended IAuthority interface, invoking `canCall` with backwards compatibility
     * for the preexisting `IAuthority` interface requires special care to avoid reverting on insufficient return data.
     * This helper function takes care of invoking `canCall` in a backwards compatible way without reverting.
     */
    function canCallWithDelay(
        address authority,
        address caller,
        address target,
        bytes4 selector
    ) internal view returns (bool immediate, uint32 delay) {
        (bool success, bytes memory data) = authority.staticcall(
            abi.encodeCall(IAuthority.canCall, (caller, target, selector))
        );
        if (success) {
            if (data.length >= 0x40) {
                (immediate, delay) = abi.decode(data, (bool, uint32));
            } else if (data.length >= 0x20) {
                immediate = abi.decode(data, (bool));
            }
        }
        return (immediate, delay);
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/manager/IAccessManager.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IAccessManaged} from "./IAccessManaged.sol";
import {Time} from "../../utils/types/Time.sol";
interface IAccessManager {
    /**
     * @dev A delayed operation was scheduled.
     */
    event OperationScheduled(
        bytes32 indexed operationId,
        uint32 indexed nonce,
        uint48 schedule,
        address caller,
        address target,
        bytes data
    );
    /**
     * @dev A scheduled operation was executed.
     */
    event OperationExecuted(bytes32 indexed operationId, uint32 indexed nonce);
    /**
     * @dev A scheduled operation was canceled.
     */
    event OperationCanceled(bytes32 indexed operationId, uint32 indexed nonce);
    /**
     * @dev Informational labelling for a roleId.
     */
    event RoleLabel(uint64 indexed roleId, string label);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `roleId`.
     *
     * NOTE: The meaning of the `since` argument depends on the `newMember` argument.
     * If the role is granted to a new member, the `since` argument indicates when the account becomes a member of the role,
     * otherwise it indicates the execution delay for this account and roleId is updated.
     */
    event RoleGranted(uint64 indexed roleId, address indexed account, uint32 delay, uint48 since, bool newMember);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` membership or `roleId` is revoked. Unlike granting, revoking is instantaneous.
     */
    event RoleRevoked(uint64 indexed roleId, address indexed account);
    /**
     * @dev Role acting as admin over a given `roleId` is updated.
     */
    event RoleAdminChanged(uint64 indexed roleId, uint64 indexed admin);
    /**
     * @dev Role acting as guardian over a given `roleId` is updated.
     */
    event RoleGuardianChanged(uint64 indexed roleId, uint64 indexed guardian);
    /**
     * @dev Grant delay for a given `roleId` will be updated to `delay` when `since` is reached.
     */
    event RoleGrantDelayChanged(uint64 indexed roleId, uint32 delay, uint48 since);
    /**
     * @dev Target mode is updated (true = closed, false = open).
     */
    event TargetClosed(address indexed target, bool closed);
    /**
     * @dev Role required to invoke `selector` on `target` is updated to `roleId`.
     */
    event TargetFunctionRoleUpdated(address indexed target, bytes4 selector, uint64 indexed roleId);
    /**
     * @dev Admin delay for a given `target` will be updated to `delay` when `since` is reached.
     */
    event TargetAdminDelayUpdated(address indexed target, uint32 delay, uint48 since);
    error AccessManagerAlreadyScheduled(bytes32 operationId);
    error AccessManagerNotScheduled(bytes32 operationId);
    error AccessManagerNotReady(bytes32 operationId);
    error AccessManagerExpired(bytes32 operationId);
    error AccessManagerLockedAccount(address account);
    error AccessManagerLockedRole(uint64 roleId);
    error AccessManagerBadConfirmation();
    error AccessManagerUnauthorizedAccount(address msgsender, uint64 roleId);
    error AccessManagerUnauthorizedCall(address caller, address target, bytes4 selector);
    error AccessManagerUnauthorizedConsume(address target);
    error AccessManagerUnauthorizedCancel(address msgsender, address caller, address target, bytes4 selector);
    error AccessManagerInvalidInitialAdmin(address initialAdmin);
    /**
     * @dev Check if an address (`caller`) is authorised to call a given function on a given contract directly (with
     * no restriction). Additionally, it returns the delay needed to perform the call indirectly through the {schedule}
     * & {execute} workflow.
     *
     * This function is usually called by the targeted contract to control immediate execution of restricted functions.
     * Therefore we only return true if the call can be performed without any delay. If the call is subject to a
     * previously set delay (not zero), then the function should return false and the caller should schedule the operation
     * for future execution.
     *
     * If `immediate` is true, the delay can be disregarded and the operation can be immediately executed, otherwise
     * the operation can be executed if and only if delay is greater than 0.
     *
     * NOTE: The IAuthority interface does not include the `uint32` delay. This is an extension of that interface that
     * is backward compatible. Some contracts may thus ignore the second return argument. In that case they will fail
     * to identify the indirect workflow, and will consider calls that require a delay to be forbidden.
     *
     * NOTE: This function does not report the permissions of this manager itself. These are defined by the
     * {_canCallSelf} function instead.
     */
    function canCall(
        address caller,
        address target,
        bytes4 selector
    ) external view returns (bool allowed, uint32 delay);
    /**
     * @dev Expiration delay for scheduled proposals. Defaults to 1 week.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Avoid overriding the expiration with 0. Otherwise every contract proposal will be expired immediately,
     * disabling any scheduling usage.
     */
    function expiration() external view returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Minimum setback for all delay updates, with the exception of execution delays. It
     * can be increased without setback (and reset via {revokeRole} in the case event of an
     * accidental increase). Defaults to 5 days.
     */
    function minSetback() external view returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Get whether the contract is closed disabling any access. Otherwise role permissions are applied.
     */
    function isTargetClosed(address target) external view returns (bool);
    /**
     * @dev Get the role required to call a function.
     */
    function getTargetFunctionRole(address target, bytes4 selector) external view returns (uint64);
    /**
     * @dev Get the admin delay for a target contract. Changes to contract configuration are subject to this delay.
     */
    function getTargetAdminDelay(address target) external view returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Get the id of the role that acts as an admin for the given role.
     *
     * The admin permission is required to grant the role, revoke the role and update the execution delay to execute
     * an operation that is restricted to this role.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(uint64 roleId) external view returns (uint64);
    /**
     * @dev Get the role that acts as a guardian for a given role.
     *
     * The guardian permission allows canceling operations that have been scheduled under the role.
     */
    function getRoleGuardian(uint64 roleId) external view returns (uint64);
    /**
     * @dev Get the role current grant delay.
     *
     * Its value may change at any point without an event emitted following a call to {setGrantDelay}.
     * Changes to this value, including effect timepoint are notified in advance by the {RoleGrantDelayChanged} event.
     */
    function getRoleGrantDelay(uint64 roleId) external view returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Get the access details for a given account for a given role. These details include the timepoint at which
     * membership becomes active, and the delay applied to all operation by this user that requires this permission
     * level.
     *
     * Returns:
     * [0] Timestamp at which the account membership becomes valid. 0 means role is not granted.
     * [1] Current execution delay for the account.
     * [2] Pending execution delay for the account.
     * [3] Timestamp at which the pending execution delay will become active. 0 means no delay update is scheduled.
     */
    function getAccess(uint64 roleId, address account) external view returns (uint48, uint32, uint32, uint48);
    /**
     * @dev Check if a given account currently has the permission level corresponding to a given role. Note that this
     * permission might be associated with an execution delay. {getAccess} can provide more details.
     */
    function hasRole(uint64 roleId, address account) external view returns (bool, uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Give a label to a role, for improved role discoverability by UIs.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {RoleLabel} event.
     */
    function labelRole(uint64 roleId, string calldata label) external;
    /**
     * @dev Add `account` to `roleId`, or change its execution delay.
     *
     * This gives the account the authorization to call any function that is restricted to this role. An optional
     * execution delay (in seconds) can be set. If that delay is non 0, the user is required to schedule any operation
     * that is restricted to members of this role. The user will only be able to execute the operation after the delay has
     * passed, before it has expired. During this period, admin and guardians can cancel the operation (see {cancel}).
     *
     * If the account has already been granted this role, the execution delay will be updated. This update is not
     * immediate and follows the delay rules. For example, if a user currently has a delay of 3 hours, and this is
     * called to reduce that delay to 1 hour, the new delay will take some time to take effect, enforcing that any
     * operation executed in the 3 hours that follows this update was indeed scheduled before this update.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be an admin for the role (see {getRoleAdmin})
     * - granted role must not be the `PUBLIC_ROLE`
     *
     * Emits a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function grantRole(uint64 roleId, address account, uint32 executionDelay) external;
    /**
     * @dev Remove an account from a role, with immediate effect. If the account does not have the role, this call has
     * no effect.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be an admin for the role (see {getRoleAdmin})
     * - revoked role must not be the `PUBLIC_ROLE`
     *
     * Emits a {RoleRevoked} event if the account had the role.
     */
    function revokeRole(uint64 roleId, address account) external;
    /**
     * @dev Renounce role permissions for the calling account with immediate effect. If the sender is not in
     * the role this call has no effect.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `callerConfirmation`.
     *
     * Emits a {RoleRevoked} event if the account had the role.
     */
    function renounceRole(uint64 roleId, address callerConfirmation) external;
    /**
     * @dev Change admin role for a given role.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {RoleAdminChanged} event
     */
    function setRoleAdmin(uint64 roleId, uint64 admin) external;
    /**
     * @dev Change guardian role for a given role.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {RoleGuardianChanged} event
     */
    function setRoleGuardian(uint64 roleId, uint64 guardian) external;
    /**
     * @dev Update the delay for granting a `roleId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {RoleGrantDelayChanged} event.
     */
    function setGrantDelay(uint64 roleId, uint32 newDelay) external;
    /**
     * @dev Set the role required to call functions identified by the `selectors` in the `target` contract.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {TargetFunctionRoleUpdated} event per selector.
     */
    function setTargetFunctionRole(address target, bytes4[] calldata selectors, uint64 roleId) external;
    /**
     * @dev Set the delay for changing the configuration of a given target contract.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {TargetAdminDelayUpdated} event.
     */
    function setTargetAdminDelay(address target, uint32 newDelay) external;
    /**
     * @dev Set the closed flag for a contract.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {TargetClosed} event.
     */
    function setTargetClosed(address target, bool closed) external;
    /**
     * @dev Return the timepoint at which a scheduled operation will be ready for execution. This returns 0 if the
     * operation is not yet scheduled, has expired, was executed, or was canceled.
     */
    function getSchedule(bytes32 id) external view returns (uint48);
    /**
     * @dev Return the nonce for the latest scheduled operation with a given id. Returns 0 if the operation has never
     * been scheduled.
     */
    function getNonce(bytes32 id) external view returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Schedule a delayed operation for future execution, and return the operation identifier. It is possible to
     * choose the timestamp at which the operation becomes executable as long as it satisfies the execution delays
     * required for the caller. The special value zero will automatically set the earliest possible time.
     *
     * Returns the `operationId` that was scheduled. Since this value is a hash of the parameters, it can reoccur when
     * the same parameters are used; if this is relevant, the returned `nonce` can be used to uniquely identify this
     * scheduled operation from other occurrences of the same `operationId` in invocations of {execute} and {cancel}.
     *
     * Emits a {OperationScheduled} event.
     *
     * NOTE: It is not possible to concurrently schedule more than one operation with the same `target` and `data`. If
     * this is necessary, a random byte can be appended to `data` to act as a salt that will be ignored by the target
     * contract if it is using standard Solidity ABI encoding.
     */
    function schedule(address target, bytes calldata data, uint48 when) external returns (bytes32, uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Execute a function that is delay restricted, provided it was properly scheduled beforehand, or the
     * execution delay is 0.
     *
     * Returns the nonce that identifies the previously scheduled operation that is executed, or 0 if the
     * operation wasn't previously scheduled (if the caller doesn't have an execution delay).
     *
     * Emits an {OperationExecuted} event only if the call was scheduled and delayed.
     */
    function execute(address target, bytes calldata data) external payable returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Cancel a scheduled (delayed) operation. Returns the nonce that identifies the previously scheduled
     * operation that is cancelled.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be the proposer, a guardian of the targeted function, or a global admin
     *
     * Emits a {OperationCanceled} event.
     */
    function cancel(address caller, address target, bytes calldata data) external returns (uint32);
    /**
     * @dev Consume a scheduled operation targeting the caller. If such an operation exists, mark it as consumed
     * (emit an {OperationExecuted} event and clean the state). Otherwise, throw an error.
     *
     * This is useful for contract that want to enforce that calls targeting them were scheduled on the manager,
     * with all the verifications that it implies.
     *
     * Emit a {OperationExecuted} event.
     */
    function consumeScheduledOp(address caller, bytes calldata data) external;
    /**
     * @dev Hashing function for delayed operations.
     */
    function hashOperation(address caller, address target, bytes calldata data) external view returns (bytes32);
    /**
     * @dev Changes the authority of a target managed by this manager instance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be a global admin
     */
    function updateAuthority(address target, address newAuthority) external;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/manager/IAccessManaged.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
interface IAccessManaged {
    /**
     * @dev Authority that manages this contract was updated.
     */
    event AuthorityUpdated(address authority);
    error AccessManagedUnauthorized(address caller);
    error AccessManagedRequiredDelay(address caller, uint32 delay);
    error AccessManagedInvalidAuthority(address authority);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current authority.
     */
    function authority() external view returns (address);
    /**
     * @dev Transfers control to a new authority. The caller must be the current authority.
     */
    function setAuthority(address) external;
    /**
     * @dev Returns true only in the context of a delayed restricted call, at the moment that the scheduled operation is
     * being consumed. Prevents denial of service for delayed restricted calls in the case that the contract performs
     * attacker controlled calls.
     */
    function isConsumingScheduledOp() external view returns (bytes4);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Context.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }
    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```solidity
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Storage of the initializable contract.
     *
     * It's implemented on a custom ERC-7201 namespace to reduce the risk of storage collisions
     * when using with upgradeable contracts.
     *
     * @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Initializable
     */
    struct InitializableStorage {
        /**
         * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
         */
        uint64 _initialized;
        /**
         * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
         */
        bool _initializing;
    }
    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Initializable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE = 0xf0c57e16840df040f15088dc2f81fe391c3923bec73e23a9662efc9c229c6a00;
    /**
     * @dev The contract is already initialized.
     */
    error InvalidInitialization();
    /**
     * @dev The contract is not initializing.
     */
    error NotInitializing();
    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint64 version);
    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that in the context of a constructor an `initializer` may be invoked any
     * number of times. This behavior in the constructor can be useful during testing and is not expected to be used in
     * production.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
        InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();
        // Cache values to avoid duplicated sloads
        bool isTopLevelCall = !$._initializing;
        uint64 initialized = $._initialized;
        // Allowed calls:
        // - initialSetup: the contract is not in the initializing state and no previous version was
        //                 initialized
        // - construction: the contract is initialized at version 1 (no reininitialization) and the
        //                 current contract is just being deployed
        bool initialSetup = initialized == 0 && isTopLevelCall;
        bool construction = initialized == 1 && address(this).code.length == 0;
        if (!initialSetup && !construction) {
            revert InvalidInitialization();
        }
        $._initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            $._initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            $._initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: Setting the version to 2**64 - 1 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint64 version) {
        // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
        InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();
        if ($._initializing || $._initialized >= version) {
            revert InvalidInitialization();
        }
        $._initialized = version;
        $._initializing = true;
        _;
        $._initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        _checkInitializing();
        _;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the contract is not in an initializing state. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _checkInitializing() internal view virtual {
        if (!_isInitializing()) {
            revert NotInitializing();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
        InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();
        if ($._initializing) {
            revert InvalidInitialization();
        }
        if ($._initialized != type(uint64).max) {
            $._initialized = type(uint64).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint64).max);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint64) {
        return _getInitializableStorage()._initialized;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _getInitializableStorage()._initializing;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns a pointer to the storage namespace.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
    function _getInitializableStorage() private pure returns (InitializableStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {IERC20Metadata} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import {ContextUpgradeable} from "../../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import {IERC20Errors} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 */
abstract contract ERC20Upgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, IERC20, IERC20Metadata, IERC20Errors {
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.ERC20
    struct ERC20Storage {
        mapping(address account => uint256) _balances;
        mapping(address account => mapping(address spender => uint256)) _allowances;
        uint256 _totalSupply;
        string _name;
        string _symbol;
    }
    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.ERC20")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant ERC20StorageLocation = 0x52c63247e1f47db19d5ce0460030c497f067ca4cebf71ba98eeadabe20bace00;
    function _getERC20Storage() private pure returns (ERC20Storage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := ERC20StorageLocation
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    function __ERC20_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        __ERC20_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
    }
    function __ERC20_init_unchained(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        $._name = name_;
        $._symbol = symbol_;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._name;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._symbol;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._totalSupply;
    }
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._balances[account];
    }
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `value`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, value);
        return true;
    }
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._allowances[owner][spender];
    }
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `value` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, value);
        return true;
    }
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `value`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `value`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, value);
        _transfer(from, to, value);
        return true;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        if (from == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(from, to, value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Transfers a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if `from`
     * (or `to`) is the zero address. All customizations to transfers, mints, and burns should be done by overriding
     * this function.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        if (from == address(0)) {
            // Overflow check required: The rest of the code assumes that totalSupply never overflows
            $._totalSupply += value;
        } else {
            uint256 fromBalance = $._balances[from];
            if (fromBalance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientBalance(from, fromBalance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                $._balances[from] = fromBalance - value;
            }
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= totalSupply or value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                $._totalSupply -= value;
            }
        } else {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: balance + value is at most totalSupply, which we know fits into a uint256.
                $._balances[to] += value;
            }
        }
        emit Transfer(from, to, value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Creates a `value` amount of tokens and assigns them to `account`, by transferring it from address(0).
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(address(0), account, value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Destroys a `value` amount of tokens from `account`, lowering the total supply.
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        _update(account, address(0), value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        _approve(owner, spender, value, true);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Variant of {_approve} with an optional flag to enable or disable the {Approval} event.
     *
     * By default (when calling {_approve}) the flag is set to true. On the other hand, approval changes made by
     * `_spendAllowance` during the `transferFrom` operation set the flag to false. This saves gas by not emitting any
     * `Approval` event during `transferFrom` operations.
     *
     * Anyone who wishes to continue emitting `Approval` events on the`transferFrom` operation can force the flag to
     * true using the following override:
     * ```
     * function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool) internal virtual override {
     *     super._approve(owner, spender, value, true);
     * }
     * ```
     *
     * Requirements are the same as {_approve}.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        if (owner == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidApprover(address(0));
        }
        if (spender == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSpender(address(0));
        }
        $._allowances[owner][spender] = value;
        if (emitEvent) {
            emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `value`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance value in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Does not emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            if (currentAllowance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - value, false);
            }
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS
    }
    /**
     * @dev The signature derives the `address(0)`.
     */
    error ECDSAInvalidSignature();
    /**
     * @dev The signature has an invalid length.
     */
    error ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength(uint256 length);
    /**
     * @dev The signature has an S value that is in the upper half order.
     */
    error ECDSAInvalidSignatureS(bytes32 s);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with `signature` or an error. This will not
     * return address(0) without also returning an error description. Errors are documented using an enum (error type)
     * and a bytes32 providing additional information about the error.
     *
     * If no error is returned, then the address can be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM precompile allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {MessageHashUtils-toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength, bytes32(signature.length));
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM precompile allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {MessageHashUtils-toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error, errorArg);
        return recovered;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
        unchecked {
            bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
            // We do not check for an overflow here since the shift operation results in 0 or 1.
            uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error, errorArg);
        return recovered;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS, s);
        }
        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature, bytes32(0));
        }
        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError, bytes32(0));
    }
    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error, errorArg);
        return recovered;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Optionally reverts with the corresponding custom error according to the `error` argument provided.
     */
    function _throwError(RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert ECDSAInvalidSignature();
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength(uint256(errorArg));
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert ECDSAInvalidSignatureS(errorArg);
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {MessageHashUtils} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MessageHashUtils.sol";
import {IERC5267} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC5267.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
/**
 * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712] is a standard for hashing and signing of typed structured data.
 *
 * The encoding scheme specified in the EIP requires a domain separator and a hash of the typed structured data, whose
 * encoding is very generic and therefore its implementation in Solidity is not feasible, thus this contract
 * does not implement the encoding itself. Protocols need to implement the type-specific encoding they need in order to
 * produce the hash of their typed data using a combination of `abi.encode` and `keccak256`.
 *
 * This contract implements the EIP 712 domain separator ({_domainSeparatorV4}) that is used as part of the encoding
 * scheme, and the final step of the encoding to obtain the message digest that is then signed via ECDSA
 * ({_hashTypedDataV4}).
 *
 * The implementation of the domain separator was designed to be as efficient as possible while still properly updating
 * the chain id to protect against replay attacks on an eventual fork of the chain.
 *
 * NOTE: This contract implements the version of the encoding known as "v4", as implemented by the JSON RPC method
 * https://docs.metamask.io/guide/signing-data.html[`eth_signTypedDataV4` in MetaMask].
 *
 * NOTE: In the upgradeable version of this contract, the cached values will correspond to the address, and the domain
 * separator of the implementation contract. This will cause the {_domainSeparatorV4} function to always rebuild the
 * separator from the immutable values, which is cheaper than accessing a cached version in cold storage.
 */
abstract contract EIP712Upgradeable is Initializable, IERC5267 {
    bytes32 private constant TYPE_HASH =
        keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)");
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.EIP712
    struct EIP712Storage {
        /// @custom:oz-renamed-from _HASHED_NAME
        bytes32 _hashedName;
        /// @custom:oz-renamed-from _HASHED_VERSION
        bytes32 _hashedVersion;
        string _name;
        string _version;
    }
    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.EIP712")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant EIP712StorageLocation = 0xa16a46d94261c7517cc8ff89f61c0ce93598e3c849801011dee649a6a557d100;
    function _getEIP712Storage() private pure returns (EIP712Storage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := EIP712StorageLocation
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the domain separator and parameter caches.
     *
     * The meaning of `name` and `version` is specified in
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-domainseparator[EIP 712]:
     *
     * - `name`: the user readable name of the signing domain, i.e. the name of the DApp or the protocol.
     * - `version`: the current major version of the signing domain.
     *
     * NOTE: These parameters cannot be changed except through a xref:learn::upgrading-smart-contracts.adoc[smart
     * contract upgrade].
     */
    function __EIP712_init(string memory name, string memory version) internal onlyInitializing {
        __EIP712_init_unchained(name, version);
    }
    function __EIP712_init_unchained(string memory name, string memory version) internal onlyInitializing {
        EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
        $._name = name;
        $._version = version;
        // Reset prior values in storage if upgrading
        $._hashedName = 0;
        $._hashedVersion = 0;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator for the current chain.
     */
    function _domainSeparatorV4() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return _buildDomainSeparator();
    }
    function _buildDomainSeparator() private view returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(TYPE_HASH, _EIP712NameHash(), _EIP712VersionHash(), block.chainid, address(this)));
    }
    /**
     * @dev Given an already https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-hashstruct[hashed struct], this
     * function returns the hash of the fully encoded EIP712 message for this domain.
     *
     * This hash can be used together with {ECDSA-recover} to obtain the signer of a message. For example:
     *
     * ```solidity
     * bytes32 digest = _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(
     *     keccak256("Mail(address to,string contents)"),
     *     mailTo,
     *     keccak256(bytes(mailContents))
     * )));
     * address signer = ECDSA.recover(digest, signature);
     * ```
     */
    function _hashTypedDataV4(bytes32 structHash) internal view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return MessageHashUtils.toTypedDataHash(_domainSeparatorV4(), structHash);
    }
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC-5267}.
     */
    function eip712Domain()
        public
        view
        virtual
        returns (
            bytes1 fields,
            string memory name,
            string memory version,
            uint256 chainId,
            address verifyingContract,
            bytes32 salt,
            uint256[] memory extensions
        )
    {
        EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
        // If the hashed name and version in storage are non-zero, the contract hasn't been properly initialized
        // and the EIP712 domain is not reliable, as it will be missing name and version.
        require($._hashedName == 0 && $._hashedVersion == 0, "EIP712: Uninitialized");
        return (
            hex"0f", // 01111
            _EIP712Name(),
            _EIP712Version(),
            block.chainid,
            address(this),
            bytes32(0),
            new uint256[](0)
        );
    }
    /**
     * @dev The name parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: This function reads from storage by default, but can be redefined to return a constant value if gas costs
     * are a concern.
     */
    function _EIP712Name() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
        return $._name;
    }
    /**
     * @dev The version parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: This function reads from storage by default, but can be redefined to return a constant value if gas costs
     * are a concern.
     */
    function _EIP712Version() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
        return $._version;
    }
    /**
     * @dev The hash of the name parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: In previous versions this function was virtual. In this version you should override `_EIP712Name` instead.
     */
    function _EIP712NameHash() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
        string memory name = _EIP712Name();
        if (bytes(name).length > 0) {
            return keccak256(bytes(name));
        } else {
            // If the name is empty, the contract may have been upgraded without initializing the new storage.
            // We return the name hash in storage if non-zero, otherwise we assume the name is empty by design.
            bytes32 hashedName = $._hashedName;
            if (hashedName != 0) {
                return hashedName;
            } else {
                return keccak256("");
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev The hash of the version parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: In previous versions this function was virtual. In this version you should override `_EIP712Version` instead.
     */
    function _EIP712VersionHash() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
        string memory version = _EIP712Version();
        if (bytes(version).length > 0) {
            return keccak256(bytes(version));
        } else {
            // If the version is empty, the contract may have been upgraded without initializing the new storage.
            // We return the version hash in storage if non-zero, otherwise we assume the version is empty by design.
            bytes32 hashedVersion = $._hashedVersion;
            if (hashedVersion != 0) {
                return hashedVersion;
            } else {
                return keccak256("");
            }
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Nonces.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
/**
 * @dev Provides tracking nonces for addresses. Nonces will only increment.
 */
abstract contract NoncesUpgradeable is Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev The nonce used for an `account` is not the expected current nonce.
     */
    error InvalidAccountNonce(address account, uint256 currentNonce);
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Nonces
    struct NoncesStorage {
        mapping(address account => uint256) _nonces;
    }
    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Nonces")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant NoncesStorageLocation = 0x5ab42ced628888259c08ac98db1eb0cf702fc1501344311d8b100cd1bfe4bb00;
    function _getNoncesStorage() private pure returns (NoncesStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := NoncesStorageLocation
        }
    }
    function __Nonces_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function __Nonces_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the next unused nonce for an address.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        NoncesStorage storage $ = _getNoncesStorage();
        return $._nonces[owner];
    }
    /**
     * @dev Consumes a nonce.
     *
     * Returns the current value and increments nonce.
     */
    function _useNonce(address owner) internal virtual returns (uint256) {
        NoncesStorage storage $ = _getNoncesStorage();
        // For each account, the nonce has an initial value of 0, can only be incremented by one, and cannot be
        // decremented or reset. This guarantees that the nonce never overflows.
        unchecked {
            // It is important to do x++ and not ++x here.
            return $._nonces[owner]++;
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Same as {_useNonce} but checking that `nonce` is the next valid for `owner`.
     */
    function _useCheckedNonce(address owner, uint256 nonce) internal virtual {
        uint256 current = _useNonce(owner);
        if (nonce != current) {
            revert InvalidAccountNonce(owner, current);
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeacon {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {UpgradeableBeacon} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
 * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
 * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
 *
 * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
 * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
 *
 * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
 */
abstract contract Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
        assembly {
            // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
            // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
            // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
            // Call the implementation.
            // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
            // Copy the returned data.
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
            switch result
            // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
            case 0 {
                revert(0, returndatasize())
            }
            default {
                return(0, returndatasize())
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback
     * function and {_fallback} should delegate.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _fallback() internal virtual {
        _delegate(_implementation());
    }
    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
     * function in the contract matches the call data.
     */
    fallback() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IBeacon} from "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
import {Address} from "../../utils/Address.sol";
import {StorageSlot} from "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";
/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
 */
library ERC1967Utils {
    // We re-declare ERC-1967 events here because they can't be used directly from IERC1967.
    // This will be fixed in Solidity 0.8.21. At that point we should remove these events.
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
    bytes32 internal constant IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
    /**
     * @dev The `implementation` of the proxy is invalid.
     */
    error ERC1967InvalidImplementation(address implementation);
    /**
     * @dev The `admin` of the proxy is invalid.
     */
    error ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address admin);
    /**
     * @dev The `beacon` of the proxy is invalid.
     */
    error ERC1967InvalidBeacon(address beacon);
    /**
     * @dev An upgrade function sees `msg.value > 0` that may be lost.
     */
    error ERC1967NonPayable();
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        if (newImplementation.code.length == 0) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(newImplementation);
        }
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Performs implementation upgrade with additional setup call if data is nonempty.
     * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
     * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-Upgraded} event.
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
        if (data.length > 0) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        } else {
            _checkNonPayable();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
    bytes32 internal constant ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using
     * the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
     */
    function getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        if (newAdmin == address(0)) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address(0));
        }
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit AdminChanged(getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }
    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.beacon" subtracted by 1.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
    bytes32 internal constant BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        if (newBeacon.code.length == 0) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidBeacon(newBeacon);
        }
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
        address beaconImplementation = IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation();
        if (beaconImplementation.code.length == 0) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(beaconImplementation);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Change the beacon and trigger a setup call if data is nonempty.
     * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
     * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-BeaconUpgraded} event.
     *
     * CAUTION: Invoking this function has no effect on an instance of {BeaconProxy} since v5, since
     * it uses an immutable beacon without looking at the value of the ERC-1967 beacon slot for
     * efficiency.
     */
    function upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
        if (data.length > 0) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        } else {
            _checkNonPayable();
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Reverts if `msg.value` is not zero. It can be used to avoid `msg.value` stuck in the contract
     * if an upgrade doesn't perform an initialization call.
     */
    function _checkNonPayable() private {
        if (msg.value > 0) {
            revert ERC1967NonPayable();
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";
/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC20.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IERC20} from "../token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC20Metadata.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IERC20Metadata} from "../token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC3156FlashLender.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IERC3156FlashBorrower} from "./IERC3156FlashBorrower.sol";
/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC3156 FlashLender, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3156[ERC-3156].
 */
interface IERC3156FlashLender {
    /**
     * @dev The amount of currency available to be lended.
     * @param token The loan currency.
     * @return The amount of `token` that can be borrowed.
     */
    function maxFlashLoan(address token) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @dev The fee to be charged for a given loan.
     * @param token The loan currency.
     * @param amount The amount of tokens lent.
     * @return The amount of `token` to be charged for the loan, on top of the returned principal.
     */
    function flashFee(address token, uint256 amount) external view returns (uint256);
    /**
     * @dev Initiate a flash loan.
     * @param receiver The receiver of the tokens in the loan, and the receiver of the callback.
     * @param token The loan currency.
     * @param amount The amount of tokens lent.
     * @param data Arbitrary data structure, intended to contain user-defined parameters.
     */
    function flashLoan(
        IERC3156FlashBorrower receiver,
        address token,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bool);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/types/Time.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Math} from "../math/Math.sol";
import {SafeCast} from "../math/SafeCast.sol";
/**
 * @dev This library provides helpers for manipulating time-related objects.
 *
 * It uses the following types:
 * - `uint48` for timepoints
 * - `uint32` for durations
 *
 * While the library doesn't provide specific types for timepoints and duration, it does provide:
 * - a `Delay` type to represent duration that can be programmed to change value automatically at a given point
 * - additional helper functions
 */
library Time {
    using Time for *;
    /**
     * @dev Get the block timestamp as a Timepoint.
     */
    function timestamp() internal view returns (uint48) {
        return SafeCast.toUint48(block.timestamp);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Get the block number as a Timepoint.
     */
    function blockNumber() internal view returns (uint48) {
        return SafeCast.toUint48(block.number);
    }
    // ==================================================== Delay =====================================================
    /**
     * @dev A `Delay` is a uint32 duration that can be programmed to change value automatically at a given point in the
     * future. The "effect" timepoint describes when the transitions happens from the "old" value to the "new" value.
     * This allows updating the delay applied to some operation while keeping some guarantees.
     *
     * In particular, the {update} function guarantees that if the delay is reduced, the old delay still applies for
     * some time. For example if the delay is currently 7 days to do an upgrade, the admin should not be able to set
     * the delay to 0 and upgrade immediately. If the admin wants to reduce the delay, the old delay (7 days) should
     * still apply for some time.
     *
     *
     * The `Delay` type is 112 bits long, and packs the following:
     *
     * ```
     *   | [uint48]: effect date (timepoint)
     *   |           | [uint32]: value before (duration)
     *   ↓           ↓       ↓ [uint32]: value after (duration)
     * 0xAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBCCCCCCCC
     * ```
     *
     * NOTE: The {get} and {withUpdate} functions operate using timestamps. Block number based delays are not currently
     * supported.
     */
    type Delay is uint112;
    /**
     * @dev Wrap a duration into a Delay to add the one-step "update in the future" feature
     */
    function toDelay(uint32 duration) internal pure returns (Delay) {
        return Delay.wrap(duration);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Get the value at a given timepoint plus the pending value and effect timepoint if there is a scheduled
     * change after this timepoint. If the effect timepoint is 0, then the pending value should not be considered.
     */
    function _getFullAt(Delay self, uint48 timepoint) private pure returns (uint32, uint32, uint48) {
        (uint32 valueBefore, uint32 valueAfter, uint48 effect) = self.unpack();
        return effect <= timepoint ? (valueAfter, 0, 0) : (valueBefore, valueAfter, effect);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Get the current value plus the pending value and effect timepoint if there is a scheduled change. If the
     * effect timepoint is 0, then the pending value should not be considered.
     */
    function getFull(Delay self) internal view returns (uint32, uint32, uint48) {
        return _getFullAt(self, timestamp());
    }
    /**
     * @dev Get the current value.
     */
    function get(Delay self) internal view returns (uint32) {
        (uint32 delay, , ) = self.getFull();
        return delay;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Update a Delay object so that it takes a new duration after a timepoint that is automatically computed to
     * enforce the old delay at the moment of the update. Returns the updated Delay object and the timestamp when the
     * new delay becomes effective.
     */
    function withUpdate(
        Delay self,
        uint32 newValue,
        uint32 minSetback
    ) internal view returns (Delay updatedDelay, uint48 effect) {
        uint32 value = self.get();
        uint32 setback = uint32(Math.max(minSetback, value > newValue ? value - newValue : 0));
        effect = timestamp() + setback;
        return (pack(value, newValue, effect), effect);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Split a delay into its components: valueBefore, valueAfter and effect (transition timepoint).
     */
    function unpack(Delay self) internal pure returns (uint32 valueBefore, uint32 valueAfter, uint48 effect) {
        uint112 raw = Delay.unwrap(self);
        valueAfter = uint32(raw);
        valueBefore = uint32(raw >> 32);
        effect = uint48(raw >> 64);
        return (valueBefore, valueAfter, effect);
    }
    /**
     * @dev pack the components into a Delay object.
     */
    function pack(uint32 valueBefore, uint32 valueAfter, uint48 effect) internal pure returns (Delay) {
        return Delay.wrap((uint112(effect) << 64) | (uint112(valueBefore) << 32) | uint112(valueAfter));
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Standard ERC20 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC20 tokens.
 */
interface IERC20Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSender(address sender);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender`’s `allowance`. Used in transfers.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param allowance Amount of tokens a `spender` is allowed to operate with.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientAllowance(address spender, uint256 allowance, uint256 needed);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidApprover(address approver);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSpender(address spender);
}
/**
 * @dev Standard ERC721 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC721 tokens.
 */
interface IERC721Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that an address can't be an owner. For example, `address(0)` is a forbidden owner in EIP-20.
     * Used in balance queries.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidOwner(address owner);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a `tokenId` whose `owner` is the zero address.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256 tokenId);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the ownership over a particular token. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC721IncorrectOwner(address sender, uint256 tokenId, address owner);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidSender(address sender);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC721InsufficientApproval(address operator, uint256 tokenId);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidApprover(address approver);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidOperator(address operator);
}
/**
 * @dev Standard ERC1155 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC1155 tokens.
 */
interface IERC1155Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC1155InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed, uint256 tokenId);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidSender(address sender);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC1155MissingApprovalForAll(address operator, address owner);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidApprover(address approver);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidOperator(address operator);
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an array length mismatch between ids and values in a safeBatchTransferFrom operation.
     * Used in batch transfers.
     * @param idsLength Length of the array of token identifiers
     * @param valuesLength Length of the array of token amounts
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidArrayLength(uint256 idsLength, uint256 valuesLength);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/MessageHashUtils.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Strings} from "../Strings.sol";
/**
 * @dev Signature message hash utilities for producing digests to be consumed by {ECDSA} recovery or signing.
 *
 * The library provides methods for generating a hash of a message that conforms to the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191[EIP 191] and https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712]
 * specifications.
 */
library MessageHashUtils {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
     * `0x45` (`personal_sign` messages).
     *
     * The digest is calculated by prefixing a bytes32 `messageHash` with
     * `"\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
32"` and hashing the result. It corresponds with the
     * hash signed when using the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`] JSON-RPC method.
     *
     * NOTE: The `messageHash` parameter is intended to be the result of hashing a raw message with
     * keccak256, although any bytes32 value can be safely used because the final digest will
     * be re-hashed.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 messageHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, "\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
32") // 32 is the bytes-length of messageHash
            mstore(0x1c, messageHash) // 0x1c (28) is the length of the prefix
            digest := keccak256(0x00, 0x3c) // 0x3c is the length of the prefix (0x1c) + messageHash (0x20)
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
     * `0x45` (`personal_sign` messages).
     *
     * The digest is calculated by prefixing an arbitrary `message` with
     * `"\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
" + len(message)` and hashing the result. It corresponds with the
     * hash signed when using the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`] JSON-RPC method.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory message) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(bytes.concat("\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
", bytes(Strings.toString(message.length)), message));
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
     * `0x00` (data with intended validator).
     *
     * The digest is calculated by prefixing an arbitrary `data` with `"\\x19\\x00"` and the intended
     * `validator` address. Then hashing the result.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toDataWithIntendedValidatorHash(address validator, bytes memory data) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(hex"19_00", validator, data));
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-712 typed data (EIP-191 version `0x01`).
     *
     * The digest is calculated from a `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`, by prefixing them with
     * `\\x19\\x01` and hashing the result. It corresponds to the hash signed by the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`] JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, hex"19_01")
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x02), domainSeparator)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x22), structHash)
            digest := keccak256(ptr, 0x42)
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC5267.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
interface IERC5267 {
    /**
     * @dev MAY be emitted to signal that the domain could have changed.
     */
    event EIP712DomainChanged();
    /**
     * @dev returns the fields and values that describe the domain separator used by this contract for EIP-712
     * signature.
     */
    function eip712Domain()
        external
        view
        returns (
            bytes1 fields,
            string memory name,
            string memory version,
            uint256 chainId,
            address verifyingContract,
            bytes32 salt,
            uint256[] memory extensions
        );
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```solidity
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(newImplementation.code.length > 0);
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }
    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }
    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }
    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }
    struct StringSlot {
        string value;
    }
    struct BytesSlot {
        bytes value;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/SafeCast.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/SafeCast.js.
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX casting operators with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
 * easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
 * assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
 * reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeCast {
    /**
     * @dev Value doesn't fit in an uint of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(uint8 bits, uint256 value);
    /**
     * @dev An int value doesn't fit in an uint of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedIntToUint(int256 value);
    /**
     * @dev Value doesn't fit in an int of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(uint8 bits, int256 value);
    /**
     * @dev An uint value doesn't fit in an int of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedUintToInt(uint256 value);
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint248 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     */
    function toUint248(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint248) {
        if (value > type(uint248).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(248, value);
        }
        return uint248(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint240 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     */
    function toUint240(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint240) {
        if (value > type(uint240).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(240, value);
        }
        return uint240(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint232 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     */
    function toUint232(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint232) {
        if (value > type(uint232).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(232, value);
        }
        return uint232(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint224 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     */
    function toUint224(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint224) {
        if (value > type(uint224).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(224, value);
        }
        return uint224(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint216 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     */
    function toUint216(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint216) {
        if (value > type(uint216).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(216, value);
        }
        return uint216(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint208 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     */
    function toUint208(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint208) {
        if (value > type(uint208).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(208, value);
        }
        return uint208(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint200 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     */
    function toUint200(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint200) {
        if (value > type(uint200).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(200, value);
        }
        return uint200(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint192 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     */
    function toUint192(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint192) {
        if (value > type(uint192).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(192, value);
        }
        return uint192(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint184 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     */
    function toUint184(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint184) {
        if (value > type(uint184).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(184, value);
        }
        return uint184(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint176 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     */
    function toUint176(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint176) {
        if (value > type(uint176).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(176, value);
        }
        return uint176(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint168 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     */
    function toUint168(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint168) {
        if (value > type(uint168).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(168, value);
        }
        return uint168(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint160 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     */
    function toUint160(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint160) {
        if (value > type(uint160).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(160, value);
        }
        return uint160(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint152 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     */
    function toUint152(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint152) {
        if (value > type(uint152).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(152, value);
        }
        return uint152(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint144 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     */
    function toUint144(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint144) {
        if (value > type(uint144).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(144, value);
        }
        return uint144(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint136 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     */
    function toUint136(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint136) {
        if (value > type(uint136).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(136, value);
        }
        return uint136(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     */
    function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        if (value > type(uint128).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(128, value);
        }
        return uint128(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint120 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     */
    function toUint120(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint120) {
        if (value > type(uint120).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(120, value);
        }
        return uint120(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint112 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     */
    function toUint112(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint112) {
        if (value > type(uint112).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(112, value);
        }
        return uint112(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint104 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     */
    function toUint104(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint104) {
        if (value > type(uint104).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(104, value);
        }
        return uint104(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint96 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     */
    function toUint96(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        if (value > type(uint96).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(96, value);
        }
        return uint96(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint88 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     */
    function toUint88(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint88) {
        if (value > type(uint88).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(88, value);
        }
        return uint88(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint80 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     */
    function toUint80(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint80) {
        if (value > type(uint80).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(80, value);
        }
        return uint80(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint72 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     */
    function toUint72(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint72) {
        if (value > type(uint72).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(72, value);
        }
        return uint72(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     */
    function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        if (value > type(uint64).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(64, value);
        }
        return uint64(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint56 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     */
    function toUint56(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint56) {
        if (value > type(uint56).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(56, value);
        }
        return uint56(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint48 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     */
    function toUint48(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint48) {
        if (value > type(uint48).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(48, value);
        }
        return uint48(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     */
    function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
        if (value > type(uint40).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(40, value);
        }
        return uint40(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     */
    function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        if (value > type(uint32).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(32, value);
        }
        return uint32(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint24 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     */
    function toUint24(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint24) {
        if (value > type(uint24).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(24, value);
        }
        return uint24(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     */
    function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        if (value > type(uint16).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(16, value);
        }
        return uint16(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     */
    function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        if (value > type(uint8).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(8, value);
        }
        return uint8(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
     */
    function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (value < 0) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntToUint(value);
        }
        return uint256(value);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int248 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int248 or
     * greater than largest int248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     */
    function toInt248(int256 value) internal pure returns (int248 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int248(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(248, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int240 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int240 or
     * greater than largest int240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     */
    function toInt240(int256 value) internal pure returns (int240 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int240(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(240, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int232 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int232 or
     * greater than largest int232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     */
    function toInt232(int256 value) internal pure returns (int232 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int232(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(232, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int224 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int224 or
     * greater than largest int224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     */
    function toInt224(int256 value) internal pure returns (int224 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int224(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(224, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int216 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int216 or
     * greater than largest int216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     */
    function toInt216(int256 value) internal pure returns (int216 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int216(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(216, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int208 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int208 or
     * greater than largest int208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     */
    function toInt208(int256 value) internal pure returns (int208 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int208(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(208, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int200 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int200 or
     * greater than largest int200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     */
    function toInt200(int256 value) internal pure returns (int200 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int200(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(200, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int192 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int192 or
     * greater than largest int192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     */
    function toInt192(int256 value) internal pure returns (int192 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int192(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(192, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int184 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int184 or
     * greater than largest int184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     */
    function toInt184(int256 value) internal pure returns (int184 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int184(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(184, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int176 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int176 or
     * greater than largest int176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     */
    function toInt176(int256 value) internal pure returns (int176 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int176(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(176, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int168 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int168 or
     * greater than largest int168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     */
    function toInt168(int256 value) internal pure returns (int168 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int168(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(168, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int160 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int160 or
     * greater than largest int160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     */
    function toInt160(int256 value) internal pure returns (int160 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int160(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(160, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int152 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int152 or
     * greater than largest int152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     */
    function toInt152(int256 value) internal pure returns (int152 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int152(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(152, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int144 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int144 or
     * greater than largest int144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     */
    function toInt144(int256 value) internal pure returns (int144 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int144(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(144, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int136 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int136 or
     * greater than largest int136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     */
    function toInt136(int256 value) internal pure returns (int136 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int136(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(136, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
     * greater than largest int128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     */
    function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int128(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(128, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int120 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int120 or
     * greater than largest int120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     */
    function toInt120(int256 value) internal pure returns (int120 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int120(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(120, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int112 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int112 or
     * greater than largest int112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     */
    function toInt112(int256 value) internal pure returns (int112 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int112(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(112, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int104 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int104 or
     * greater than largest int104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     */
    function toInt104(int256 value) internal pure returns (int104 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int104(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(104, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int96 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int96 or
     * greater than largest int96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     */
    function toInt96(int256 value) internal pure returns (int96 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int96(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(96, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int88 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int88 or
     * greater than largest int88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     */
    function toInt88(int256 value) internal pure returns (int88 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int88(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(88, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int80 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int80 or
     * greater than largest int80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     */
    function toInt80(int256 value) internal pure returns (int80 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int80(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(80, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int72 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int72 or
     * greater than largest int72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     */
    function toInt72(int256 value) internal pure returns (int72 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int72(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(72, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
     * greater than largest int64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     */
    function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int64(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(64, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int56 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int56 or
     * greater than largest int56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     */
    function toInt56(int256 value) internal pure returns (int56 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int56(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(56, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int48 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int48 or
     * greater than largest int48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     */
    function toInt48(int256 value) internal pure returns (int48 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int48(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(48, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int40 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int40 or
     * greater than largest int40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     */
    function toInt40(int256 value) internal pure returns (int40 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int40(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(40, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
     * greater than largest int32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     */
    function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int32(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(32, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int24 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int24 or
     * greater than largest int24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     */
    function toInt24(int256 value) internal pure returns (int24 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int24(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(24, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
     * greater than largest int16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     */
    function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int16(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(16, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
     * greater than largest int8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     */
    function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int8(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(8, value);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
     */
    function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Note: Unsafe cast below is okay because `type(int256).max` is guaranteed to be positive
        if (value > uint256(type(int256).max)) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintToInt(value);
        }
        return int256(value);
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Strings.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Math} from "./math/Math.sol";
import {SignedMath} from "./math/SignedMath.sol";
/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant HEX_DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;
    /**
     * @dev The `value` string doesn't fit in the specified `length`.
     */
    error StringsInsufficientHexLength(uint256 value, uint256 length);
    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), HEX_DIGITS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toStringSigned(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string.concat(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value)));
    }
    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        uint256 localValue = value;
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = HEX_DIGITS[localValue & 0xf];
            localValue >>= 4;
        }
        if (localValue != 0) {
            revert StringsInsufficientHexLength(value, length);
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal
     * representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
     */
    function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return bytes(a).length == bytes(b).length && keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
    }
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}