ETH Price: $2,089.63 (+1.80%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
21727693 at Jan-29-2025 04:07:11 AM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.000592910253082274 ETH $1.24
Gas Used:
178,421 Gas / 3.323096794 Gwei

Emitted Events:

533 RangoDiamond.0xdf4363408b2d9811d1e5c23efdb5bae0b7a68bd9de2de1cbae18a11be3e67ef5( 0xdf4363408b2d9811d1e5c23efdb5bae0b7a68bd9de2de1cbae18a11be3e67ef5, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011688627664000, 000000000000000000000000c84f14c250128357c82e1b737bf19e6efb1111bc )
534 RangoDiamond.0xf14fbd8b6e3ad3ae34babfa1f3b6a099f57643662f4cfc24eb335ae8718f534b( 0xf14fbd8b6e3ad3ae34babfa1f3b6a099f57643662f4cfc24eb335ae8718f534b, 0x000000000000000000000000c84f14c250128357c82e1b737bf19e6efb1111bc, 0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004ad, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011688627664000 )
535 0xc38e4e6a15593f908255214653d3d947ca1c2338.0x918554b6bd6e2895ce6553de5de0e1a69db5289aa0e4fe193a0dcd1f14347477( 0x918554b6bd6e2895ce6553de5de0e1a69db5289aa0e4fe193a0dcd1f14347477, fb2cd09587f14aaca7e79cf1008b76fee292690418137d2986ef58cda36ece5a )
536 MayanForwarder.ForwardedEth( mayanProtocol=0xc38e4e6a15593f908255214653d3d947ca1c2338, protocolData=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
537 RangoDiamond.0x2fc0d44e6ef6b3e7707cacd3cc326511198c3d1598c65dd54be5a9e37ce02f12( 0x2fc0d44e6ef6b3e7707cacd3cc326511198c3d1598c65dd54be5a9e37ce02f12, 0000000000000000000000000654874eb7f59c6f5b39931fc45dc45337c967c3, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 )
538 RangoDiamond.0x0e9201911743fd4d03e146f00ad23945dc8f3ffc200906eff25179a52b726f17( 0x0e9201911743fd4d03e146f00ad23945dc8f3ffc200906eff25179a52b726f17, 0x00000000000000000000000000000000956401599283498cadb523a7592e694a, 0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004ad, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 000000000000000000000000c02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009a57dc21353dc00, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 000000000000000000000000d11153a4bbb6dca029dcf69fb2f92fc1d209c8fc, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e0, 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b, 547275737457616c6c6574000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 )
539 RangoDiamond.0xdf4363408b2d9811d1e5c23efdb5bae0b7a68bd9de2de1cbae18a11be3e67ef5( 0xdf4363408b2d9811d1e5c23efdb5bae0b7a68bd9de2de1cbae18a11be3e67ef5, 000000000000000000000000c02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 000000000000000000000000d11153a4bbb6dca029dcf69fb2f92fc1d209c8fc )
540 WETH9.Transfer( src=[Receiver] RangoDiamond, dst=[Sender] 0xd11153a4bbb6dca029dcf69fb2f92fc1d209c8fc, wad=0 )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
(beaverbuild)
17.875802431436766312 Eth17.875980852436766312 Eth0.000178421
0xC38e4e6A...7CA1c2338
(Mayan: Swift)
149.106437862687634034 Eth149.801537852687634034 Eth0.69509999
0xc84f14C2...Efb1111bc 75.053304531492525788 Eth75.058204531492525788 Eth0.0049
0xd11153a4...1D209c8Fc
0.918862656983694754 Eth
Nonce: 2
0.21826975673061248 Eth
Nonce: 3
0.700592900253082274

Execution Trace

ETH 0.7 RangoDiamond.14d08fca( )
  • ETH 0.7 RangoSwapperFacet.onChainSwaps( request=[{name:requestId, type:address, order:1, indexed:false, value:0x00000000956401599283498CaDb523A7592E694a, valueString:0x00000000956401599283498CaDb523A7592E694a}, {name:fromToken, type:address, order:2, indexed:false, value:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000, valueString:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000}, {name:toToken, type:address, order:3, indexed:false, value:0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2, valueString:0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2}, {name:amountIn, type:uint256, order:4, indexed:false, value:695099990000000000, valueString:695099990000000000}, {name:platformFee, type:uint256, order:5, indexed:false, value:0, valueString:0}, {name:destinationExecutorFee, type:uint256, order:6, indexed:false, value:0, valueString:0}, {name:affiliateFee, type:uint256, order:7, indexed:false, value:4900000000000000, valueString:4900000000000000}, {name:affiliatorAddress, type:address, order:8, indexed:false, value:0xc84f14C250128357C82E1b737Bf19e6Efb1111bc, valueString:0xc84f14C250128357C82E1b737Bf19e6Efb1111bc}, {name:minimumAmountExpected, type:uint256, order:9, indexed:false, value:0, valueString:0}, {name:feeFromInputToken, type:bool, order:10, indexed:false, value:true, valueString:True}, {name:dAppTag, type:uint16, order:11, indexed:false, value:1197, valueString:1197}, {name:dAppName, type:string, order:12, indexed:false, value:TrustWallet, valueString:TrustWallet}], calls=, receiver=0xd11153a4BbB6DCA029dcF69fB2F92fc1D209c8Fc ) => ( [] )
    • WETH9.balanceOf( 0x69460570c93f9DE5E2edbC3052bf10125f0Ca22d ) => ( 0 )
    • ETH 0.0049 0xc84f14c250128357c82e1b737bf19e6efb1111bc.CALL( )
    • ETH 0.69509999 MayanForwarder.forwardEth( mayanProtocol=0xC38e4e6A15593f908255214653d3D947CA1c2338, protocolData=0xB866E173000000000000000000000000D11153A4BBB6DCA029DCF69FB2F92FC1D209C8FC000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000376463EE000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000071C40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000018704000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006799AE1E4F43215F0C20C9C3B72F5B9B8B39A532E2939E6D9C707A1F0EED4E175D4FABDF00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000029EB5259BEEF844AB674A44D7EA7E44DEAFDBC6E7774E68AC0BBB49EA35A723D4 )
      • ETH 0.69509999 Mayan: Swift.b866e173( )
        • 0xf93191d350117723dbeda5484a3b0996d285cecf.02fb1eec( )
        • Wormhole.STATICCALL( )
          • 0x3c3d457f1522d3540ab3325aa5f1864e34cba9d0.DELEGATECALL( )
          • Wormhole.STATICCALL( )
            • 0x3c3d457f1522d3540ab3325aa5f1864e34cba9d0.DELEGATECALL( )
            • ETH 0.00000001 0xd11153a4bbb6dca029dcf69fb2f92fc1d209c8fc.CALL( )
            • WETH9.balanceOf( 0x69460570c93f9DE5E2edbC3052bf10125f0Ca22d ) => ( 0 )
            • WETH9.transfer( dst=0xd11153a4BbB6DCA029dcF69fB2F92fc1D209c8Fc, wad=0 ) => ( True )
              onChainSwaps[RangoSwapperFacet (ln:462)]
              File 1 of 5: RangoDiamond
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              pragma solidity 0.8.16;
              interface IDiamondCut {
                  enum FacetCutAction {
                      Add,
                      Replace,
                      Remove
                  }
                  // Add=0, Replace=1, Remove=2
                  struct FacetCut {
                      address facetAddress;
                      FacetCutAction action;
                      bytes4[] functionSelectors;
                  }
                  /// @notice Add/replace/remove any number of functions and optionally execute
                  ///         a function with delegatecall
                  /// @param _diamondCut Contains the facet addresses and function selectors
                  /// @param _init The address of the contract or facet to execute _calldata
                  /// @param _calldata A function call, including function selector and arguments
                  ///                  _calldata is executed with delegatecall on _init
                  function diamondCut(
                      FacetCut[] calldata _diamondCut,
                      address _init,
                      bytes calldata _calldata
                  ) external;
                  event DiamondCut(FacetCut[] _diamondCut, address _init, bytes _calldata);
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              pragma solidity 0.8.16;
              import { IDiamondCut } from "../interfaces/IDiamondCut.sol";
              /// Implementation of EIP-2535 Diamond Standard
              /// https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2535
              library LibDiamond {
                  /// @dev keccak256("diamond.standard.diamond.storage");
                  bytes32 internal constant DIAMOND_STORAGE_POSITION = hex"c8fcad8db84d3cc18b4c41d551ea0ee66dd599cde068d998e57d5e09332c131c";
                  // Diamond specific errors
                  error IncorrectFacetCutAction();
                  error NoSelectorsInFacet();
                  error FunctionAlreadyExists();
                  error FacetAddressIsZero();
                  error FacetAddressIsNotZero();
                  error FacetContainsNoCode();
                  error FunctionDoesNotExist();
                  error FunctionIsImmutable();
                  error InitZeroButCalldataNotEmpty();
                  error CalldataEmptyButInitNotZero();
                  error InitReverted();
                  // ----------------
                  struct FacetAddressAndPosition {
                      address facetAddress;
                      uint96 functionSelectorPosition; // position in facetFunctionSelectors.functionSelectors array
                  }
                  struct FacetFunctionSelectors {
                      bytes4[] functionSelectors;
                      uint256 facetAddressPosition; // position of facetAddress in facetAddresses array
                  }
                  struct DiamondStorage {
                      // maps function selector to the facet address and
                      // the position of the selector in the facetFunctionSelectors.selectors array
                      mapping(bytes4 => FacetAddressAndPosition) selectorToFacetAndPosition;
                      // maps facet addresses to function selectors
                      mapping(address => FacetFunctionSelectors) facetFunctionSelectors;
                      // facet addresses
                      address[] facetAddresses;
                      // Used to query if a contract implements an interface.
                      // Used to implement ERC-165.
                      mapping(bytes4 => bool) supportedInterfaces;
                      // owner of the contract
                      address contractOwner;
                  }
                  function diamondStorage() internal pure returns (DiamondStorage storage ds) {
                      bytes32 position = DIAMOND_STORAGE_POSITION;
                      // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                      assembly {
                          ds.slot := position
                      }
                  }
                  event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
                  function setContractOwner(address _newOwner) internal {
                      DiamondStorage storage ds = diamondStorage();
                      address previousOwner = ds.contractOwner;
                      ds.contractOwner = _newOwner;
                      emit OwnershipTransferred(previousOwner, _newOwner);
                  }
                  function contractOwner() internal view returns (address contractOwner_) {
                      contractOwner_ = diamondStorage().contractOwner;
                  }
                  function enforceIsContractOwner() internal view {
                      require(msg.sender == diamondStorage().contractOwner, "LibDiamond: Must be contract owner");
                  }
                  event DiamondCut(IDiamondCut.FacetCut[] _diamondCut, address _init, bytes _calldata);
                  // Internal function version of diamondCut
                  function diamondCut(
                      IDiamondCut.FacetCut[] memory _diamondCut,
                      address _init,
                      bytes memory _calldata
                  ) internal {
                      for (uint256 facetIndex; facetIndex < _diamondCut.length; ) {
                          IDiamondCut.FacetCutAction action = _diamondCut[facetIndex].action;
                          if (action == IDiamondCut.FacetCutAction.Add) {
                              addFunctions(_diamondCut[facetIndex].facetAddress, _diamondCut[facetIndex].functionSelectors);
                          } else if (action == IDiamondCut.FacetCutAction.Replace) {
                              replaceFunctions(_diamondCut[facetIndex].facetAddress, _diamondCut[facetIndex].functionSelectors);
                          } else if (action == IDiamondCut.FacetCutAction.Remove) {
                              removeFunctions(_diamondCut[facetIndex].facetAddress, _diamondCut[facetIndex].functionSelectors);
                          } else {
                              revert IncorrectFacetCutAction();
                          }
                          unchecked {
                              ++facetIndex;
                          }
                      }
                      emit DiamondCut(_diamondCut, _init, _calldata);
                      initializeDiamondCut(_init, _calldata);
                  }
                  function addFunctions(address _facetAddress, bytes4[] memory _functionSelectors) internal {
                      if (_facetAddress == address(0)) {
                          revert FacetAddressIsZero();
                      }
                      if (_functionSelectors.length == 0) {
                          revert NoSelectorsInFacet();
                      }
                      DiamondStorage storage ds = diamondStorage();
                      uint96 selectorPosition = uint96(ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors.length);
                      // add new facet address if it does not exist
                      if (selectorPosition == 0) {
                          addFacet(ds, _facetAddress);
                      }
                      for (uint256 selectorIndex; selectorIndex < _functionSelectors.length; ) {
                          bytes4 selector = _functionSelectors[selectorIndex];
                          address oldFacetAddress = ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[selector].facetAddress;
                          if (oldFacetAddress != address(0)) {
                              revert FunctionAlreadyExists();
                          }
                          addFunction(ds, selector, selectorPosition, _facetAddress);
                          unchecked {
                              ++selectorPosition;
                              ++selectorIndex;
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  function replaceFunctions(address _facetAddress, bytes4[] memory _functionSelectors) internal {
                      if (_functionSelectors.length == 0) {
                          revert NoSelectorsInFacet();
                      }
                      if (_facetAddress == address(0)) {
                          revert FacetAddressIsZero();
                      }
                      DiamondStorage storage ds = diamondStorage();
                      uint96 selectorPosition = uint96(ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors.length);
                      // add new facet address if it does not exist
                      if (selectorPosition == 0) {
                          addFacet(ds, _facetAddress);
                      }
                      for (uint256 selectorIndex; selectorIndex < _functionSelectors.length; ) {
                          bytes4 selector = _functionSelectors[selectorIndex];
                          address oldFacetAddress = ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[selector].facetAddress;
                          if (oldFacetAddress == _facetAddress) {
                              revert FunctionAlreadyExists();
                          }
                          removeFunction(ds, oldFacetAddress, selector);
                          addFunction(ds, selector, selectorPosition, _facetAddress);
                          unchecked {
                              ++selectorPosition;
                              ++selectorIndex;
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  function removeFunctions(address _facetAddress, bytes4[] memory _functionSelectors) internal {
                      if (_functionSelectors.length == 0) {
                          revert NoSelectorsInFacet();
                      }
                      DiamondStorage storage ds = diamondStorage();
                      // if function does not exist then do nothing and return
                      if (_facetAddress != address(0)) {
                          revert FacetAddressIsNotZero();
                      }
                      for (uint256 selectorIndex; selectorIndex < _functionSelectors.length; ) {
                          bytes4 selector = _functionSelectors[selectorIndex];
                          address oldFacetAddress = ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[selector].facetAddress;
                          removeFunction(ds, oldFacetAddress, selector);
                          unchecked {
                              ++selectorIndex;
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  function addFacet(DiamondStorage storage ds, address _facetAddress) internal {
                      enforceHasContractCode(_facetAddress);
                      ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].facetAddressPosition = ds.facetAddresses.length;
                      ds.facetAddresses.push(_facetAddress);
                  }
                  function addFunction(
                      DiamondStorage storage ds,
                      bytes4 _selector,
                      uint96 _selectorPosition,
                      address _facetAddress
                  ) internal {
                      ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[_selector].functionSelectorPosition = _selectorPosition;
                      ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors.push(_selector);
                      ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[_selector].facetAddress = _facetAddress;
                  }
                  function removeFunction(
                      DiamondStorage storage ds,
                      address _facetAddress,
                      bytes4 _selector
                  ) internal {
                      if (_facetAddress == address(0)) {
                          revert FunctionDoesNotExist();
                      }
                      // an immutable function is a function defined directly in a diamond
                      if (_facetAddress == address(this)) {
                          revert FunctionIsImmutable();
                      }
                      // replace selector with last selector, then delete last selector
                      uint256 selectorPosition = ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[_selector].functionSelectorPosition;
                      uint256 lastSelectorPosition = ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors.length - 1;
                      // if not the same then replace _selector with lastSelector
                      if (selectorPosition != lastSelectorPosition) {
                          bytes4 lastSelector = ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors[lastSelectorPosition];
                          ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors[selectorPosition] = lastSelector;
                          ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[lastSelector].functionSelectorPosition = uint96(selectorPosition);
                      }
                      // delete the last selector
                      ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors.pop();
                      delete ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[_selector];
                      // if no more selectors for facet address then delete the facet address
                      if (lastSelectorPosition == 0) {
                          // replace facet address with last facet address and delete last facet address
                          uint256 lastFacetAddressPosition = ds.facetAddresses.length - 1;
                          uint256 facetAddressPosition = ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].facetAddressPosition;
                          if (facetAddressPosition != lastFacetAddressPosition) {
                              address lastFacetAddress = ds.facetAddresses[lastFacetAddressPosition];
                              ds.facetAddresses[facetAddressPosition] = lastFacetAddress;
                              ds.facetFunctionSelectors[lastFacetAddress].facetAddressPosition = facetAddressPosition;
                          }
                          ds.facetAddresses.pop();
                          delete ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].facetAddressPosition;
                      }
                  }
                  function initializeDiamondCut(address _init, bytes memory _calldata) internal {
                      if (_init == address(0)) {
                          if (_calldata.length != 0) {
                              revert InitZeroButCalldataNotEmpty();
                          }
                      } else {
                          if (_calldata.length == 0) {
                              revert CalldataEmptyButInitNotZero();
                          }
                          if (_init != address(this)) {
                              enforceHasContractCode(_init);
                          }
                          // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                          (bool success, bytes memory error) = _init.delegatecall(_calldata);
                          if (!success) {
                              if (error.length > 0) {
                                  // bubble up the error
                                  revert(string(error));
                              } else {
                                  revert InitReverted();
                              }
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  function enforceHasContractCode(address _contract) internal view {
                      uint256 contractSize;
                      // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                      assembly {
                          contractSize := extcodesize(_contract)
                      }
                      if (contractSize == 0) {
                          revert FacetContainsNoCode();
                      }
                  }
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
              pragma solidity 0.8.16;
              import { LibDiamond } from "../libraries/LibDiamond.sol";
              import { IDiamondCut } from "../interfaces/IDiamondCut.sol";
              contract RangoDiamond {
                  constructor(address _contractOwner, address _diamondCutFacet) payable {
                      LibDiamond.setContractOwner(_contractOwner);
                      // Add the diamondCut external function from the diamondCutFacet
                      IDiamondCut.FacetCut[] memory cut = new IDiamondCut.FacetCut[](1);
                      bytes4[] memory functionSelectors = new bytes4[](1);
                      functionSelectors[0] = IDiamondCut.diamondCut.selector;
                      cut[0] = IDiamondCut.FacetCut({
                          facetAddress: _diamondCutFacet,
                          action: IDiamondCut.FacetCutAction.Add,
                          functionSelectors: functionSelectors
                      });
                      LibDiamond.diamondCut(cut, address(0), "");
                  }
                  // Find facet for function that is called and execute the
                  // function if a facet is found and return any value.
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-complex-fallback
                  fallback() external payable {
                      LibDiamond.DiamondStorage storage ds;
                      bytes32 position = LibDiamond.DIAMOND_STORAGE_POSITION;
                      // get diamond storage
                      // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                      assembly {
                          ds.slot := position
                      }
                      // get facet from function selector
                      address facet = ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[msg.sig].facetAddress;
                      if (facet == address(0)) {
                          revert LibDiamond.FunctionDoesNotExist();
                      }
                      // Execute external function from facet using delegatecall and return any value.
                      // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                      assembly {
                          // copy function selector and any arguments
                          calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                          // execute function call using the facet
                          let result := delegatecall(gas(), facet, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                          // get any return value
                          returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                          // return any return value or error back to the caller
                          switch result
                          case 0 {
                              revert(0, returndatasize())
                          }
                          default {
                              return(0, returndatasize())
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  // Able to receive ether
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
                  receive() external payable {}
              }

              File 2 of 5: MayanForwarder
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)
              pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
              /**
               * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
               *
               * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
               * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
               * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
               */
              interface IERC20Permit {
                  /**
                   * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
                   * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
                   *
                   * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
                   * ordering also apply here.
                   *
                   * Emits an {Approval} event.
                   *
                   * Requirements:
                   *
                   * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
                   * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
                   * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
                   * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
                   * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
                   *
                   * For more information on the signature format, see the
                   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
                   * section].
                   */
                  function permit(
                      address owner,
                      address spender,
                      uint256 value,
                      uint256 deadline,
                      uint8 v,
                      bytes32 r,
                      bytes32 s
                  ) external;
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
                   * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
                   *
                   * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
                   * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
                   */
                  function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
                   */
                  // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
                  function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)
              pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
              /**
               * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
               */
              interface IERC20 {
                  /**
                   * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
                   * another (`to`).
                   *
                   * Note that `value` may be zero.
                   */
                  event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
                  /**
                   * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
                   * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
                   */
                  event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
                   */
                  function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
                   */
                  function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
                  /**
                   * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
                   *
                   * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                   *
                   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                   */
                  function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
                   * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
                   * zero by default.
                   *
                   * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
                   */
                  function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
                  /**
                   * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
                   *
                   * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                   *
                   * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
                   * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
                   * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
                   * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
                   * desired value afterwards:
                   * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
                   *
                   * Emits an {Approval} event.
                   */
                  function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
                  /**
                   * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
                   * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
                   * allowance.
                   *
                   * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                   *
                   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                   */
                  function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.3) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)
              pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
              import "../IERC20.sol";
              import "../extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
              import "../../../utils/Address.sol";
              /**
               * @title SafeERC20
               * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
               * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
               * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
               * successful.
               * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
               * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
               */
              library SafeERC20 {
                  using Address for address;
                  /**
                   * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
                   * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                   */
                  function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                      _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
                   * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                   */
                  function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                      _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
                   * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
                   *
                   * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
                   * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
                   */
                  function safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                      // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
                      // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
                      // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
                      require(
                          (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
                          "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
                      );
                      _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
                   * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                   */
                  function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                      uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
                      _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance + value));
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
                   * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                   */
                  function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                      unchecked {
                          uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
                          require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
                          _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance - value));
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
                   * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
                   * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
                   */
                  function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                      bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value);
                      if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
                          _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, 0));
                          _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Use a ERC-2612 signature to set the `owner` approval toward `spender` on `token`.
                   * Revert on invalid signature.
                   */
                  function safePermit(
                      IERC20Permit token,
                      address owner,
                      address spender,
                      uint256 value,
                      uint256 deadline,
                      uint8 v,
                      bytes32 r,
                      bytes32 s
                  ) internal {
                      uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
                      token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
                      uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
                      require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
                   * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
                   * @param token The token targeted by the call.
                   * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
                   */
                  function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
                      // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
                      // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
                      // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.
                      bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
                      require(returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
                   * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
                   * @param token The token targeted by the call.
                   * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
                   *
                   * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
                   */
                  function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
                      // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
                      // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
                      // and not revert is the subcall reverts.
                      (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
                      return
                          success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && Address.isContract(address(token));
                  }
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)
              pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
              /**
               * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
               */
              library Address {
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
                   *
                   * [IMPORTANT]
                   * ====
                   * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
                   * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
                   *
                   * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
                   * types of addresses:
                   *
                   *  - an externally-owned account
                   *  - a contract in construction
                   *  - an address where a contract will be created
                   *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                   *
                   * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
                   * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
                   * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
                   * ====
                   *
                   * [IMPORTANT]
                   * ====
                   * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
                   *
                   * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
                   * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
                   * constructor.
                   * ====
                   */
                  function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                      // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
                      // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
                      // of the constructor execution.
                      return account.code.length > 0;
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                   * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                   *
                   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                   * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                   * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                   * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                   *
                   * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                   *
                   * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                   * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                   * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                   * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                   */
                  function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                      require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                      (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                      require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                   * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                   * function instead.
                   *
                   * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
                   * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
                   *
                   * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                   * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                   *
                   * Requirements:
                   *
                   * - `target` must be a contract.
                   * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.1._
                   */
                  function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
                   * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.1._
                   */
                  function functionCall(
                      address target,
                      bytes memory data,
                      string memory errorMessage
                  ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                   * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                   *
                   * Requirements:
                   *
                   * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                   * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.1._
                   */
                  function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
                   * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.1._
                   */
                  function functionCallWithValue(
                      address target,
                      bytes memory data,
                      uint256 value,
                      string memory errorMessage
                  ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                      (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                      return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                   * but performing a static call.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.3._
                   */
                  function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                      return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                   * but performing a static call.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.3._
                   */
                  function functionStaticCall(
                      address target,
                      bytes memory data,
                      string memory errorMessage
                  ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                      (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                      return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                   * but performing a delegate call.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.4._
                   */
                  function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                   * but performing a delegate call.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.4._
                   */
                  function functionDelegateCall(
                      address target,
                      bytes memory data,
                      string memory errorMessage
                  ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                      return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
                   * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
                   *
                   * _Available since v4.8._
                   */
                  function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                      address target,
                      bool success,
                      bytes memory returndata,
                      string memory errorMessage
                  ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                      if (success) {
                          if (returndata.length == 0) {
                              // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                              // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                              require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                          }
                          return returndata;
                      } else {
                          _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
                   * revert reason or using the provided one.
                   *
                   * _Available since v4.3._
                   */
                  function verifyCallResult(
                      bool success,
                      bytes memory returndata,
                      string memory errorMessage
                  ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                      if (success) {
                          return returndata;
                      } else {
                          _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
                      }
                  }
                  function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
                      // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                      if (returndata.length > 0) {
                          // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                          assembly {
                              let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                              revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                          }
                      } else {
                          revert(errorMessage);
                      }
                  }
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
              /*
               * @title Solidity Bytes Arrays Utils
               * @author Gonçalo Sá <[email protected]>
               *
               * @dev Bytes tightly packed arrays utility library for ethereum contracts written in Solidity.
               *      The library lets you concatenate, slice and type cast bytes arrays both in memory and storage.
               */
              pragma solidity >=0.8.0 <0.9.0;
              library BytesLib {
                  function concat(
                      bytes memory _preBytes,
                      bytes memory _postBytes
                  )
                      internal
                      pure
                      returns (bytes memory)
                  {
                      bytes memory tempBytes;
                      assembly {
                          // Get a location of some free memory and store it in tempBytes as
                          // Solidity does for memory variables.
                          tempBytes := mload(0x40)
                          // Store the length of the first bytes array at the beginning of
                          // the memory for tempBytes.
                          let length := mload(_preBytes)
                          mstore(tempBytes, length)
                          // Maintain a memory counter for the current write location in the
                          // temp bytes array by adding the 32 bytes for the array length to
                          // the starting location.
                          let mc := add(tempBytes, 0x20)
                          // Stop copying when the memory counter reaches the length of the
                          // first bytes array.
                          let end := add(mc, length)
                          for {
                              // Initialize a copy counter to the start of the _preBytes data,
                              // 32 bytes into its memory.
                              let cc := add(_preBytes, 0x20)
                          } lt(mc, end) {
                              // Increase both counters by 32 bytes each iteration.
                              mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                              cc := add(cc, 0x20)
                          } {
                              // Write the _preBytes data into the tempBytes memory 32 bytes
                              // at a time.
                              mstore(mc, mload(cc))
                          }
                          // Add the length of _postBytes to the current length of tempBytes
                          // and store it as the new length in the first 32 bytes of the
                          // tempBytes memory.
                          length := mload(_postBytes)
                          mstore(tempBytes, add(length, mload(tempBytes)))
                          // Move the memory counter back from a multiple of 0x20 to the
                          // actual end of the _preBytes data.
                          mc := end
                          // Stop copying when the memory counter reaches the new combined
                          // length of the arrays.
                          end := add(mc, length)
                          for {
                              let cc := add(_postBytes, 0x20)
                          } lt(mc, end) {
                              mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                              cc := add(cc, 0x20)
                          } {
                              mstore(mc, mload(cc))
                          }
                          // Update the free-memory pointer by padding our last write location
                          // to 32 bytes: add 31 bytes to the end of tempBytes to move to the
                          // next 32 byte block, then round down to the nearest multiple of
                          // 32. If the sum of the length of the two arrays is zero then add
                          // one before rounding down to leave a blank 32 bytes (the length block with 0).
                          mstore(0x40, and(
                            add(add(end, iszero(add(length, mload(_preBytes)))), 31),
                            not(31) // Round down to the nearest 32 bytes.
                          ))
                      }
                      return tempBytes;
                  }
                  function concatStorage(bytes storage _preBytes, bytes memory _postBytes) internal {
                      assembly {
                          // Read the first 32 bytes of _preBytes storage, which is the length
                          // of the array. (We don't need to use the offset into the slot
                          // because arrays use the entire slot.)
                          let fslot := sload(_preBytes.slot)
                          // Arrays of 31 bytes or less have an even value in their slot,
                          // while longer arrays have an odd value. The actual length is
                          // the slot divided by two for odd values, and the lowest order
                          // byte divided by two for even values.
                          // If the slot is even, bitwise and the slot with 255 and divide by
                          // two to get the length. If the slot is odd, bitwise and the slot
                          // with -1 and divide by two.
                          let slength := div(and(fslot, sub(mul(0x100, iszero(and(fslot, 1))), 1)), 2)
                          let mlength := mload(_postBytes)
                          let newlength := add(slength, mlength)
                          // slength can contain both the length and contents of the array
                          // if length < 32 bytes so let's prepare for that
                          // v. http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/miscellaneous.html#layout-of-state-variables-in-storage
                          switch add(lt(slength, 32), lt(newlength, 32))
                          case 2 {
                              // Since the new array still fits in the slot, we just need to
                              // update the contents of the slot.
                              // uint256(bytes_storage) = uint256(bytes_storage) + uint256(bytes_memory) + new_length
                              sstore(
                                  _preBytes.slot,
                                  // all the modifications to the slot are inside this
                                  // next block
                                  add(
                                      // we can just add to the slot contents because the
                                      // bytes we want to change are the LSBs
                                      fslot,
                                      add(
                                          mul(
                                              div(
                                                  // load the bytes from memory
                                                  mload(add(_postBytes, 0x20)),
                                                  // zero all bytes to the right
                                                  exp(0x100, sub(32, mlength))
                                              ),
                                              // and now shift left the number of bytes to
                                              // leave space for the length in the slot
                                              exp(0x100, sub(32, newlength))
                                          ),
                                          // increase length by the double of the memory
                                          // bytes length
                                          mul(mlength, 2)
                                      )
                                  )
                              )
                          }
                          case 1 {
                              // The stored value fits in the slot, but the combined value
                              // will exceed it.
                              // get the keccak hash to get the contents of the array
                              mstore(0x0, _preBytes.slot)
                              let sc := add(keccak256(0x0, 0x20), div(slength, 32))
                              // save new length
                              sstore(_preBytes.slot, add(mul(newlength, 2), 1))
                              // The contents of the _postBytes array start 32 bytes into
                              // the structure. Our first read should obtain the `submod`
                              // bytes that can fit into the unused space in the last word
                              // of the stored array. To get this, we read 32 bytes starting
                              // from `submod`, so the data we read overlaps with the array
                              // contents by `submod` bytes. Masking the lowest-order
                              // `submod` bytes allows us to add that value directly to the
                              // stored value.
                              let submod := sub(32, slength)
                              let mc := add(_postBytes, submod)
                              let end := add(_postBytes, mlength)
                              let mask := sub(exp(0x100, submod), 1)
                              sstore(
                                  sc,
                                  add(
                                      and(
                                          fslot,
                                          0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff00
                                      ),
                                      and(mload(mc), mask)
                                  )
                              )
                              for {
                                  mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                                  sc := add(sc, 1)
                              } lt(mc, end) {
                                  sc := add(sc, 1)
                                  mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                              } {
                                  sstore(sc, mload(mc))
                              }
                              mask := exp(0x100, sub(mc, end))
                              sstore(sc, mul(div(mload(mc), mask), mask))
                          }
                          default {
                              // get the keccak hash to get the contents of the array
                              mstore(0x0, _preBytes.slot)
                              // Start copying to the last used word of the stored array.
                              let sc := add(keccak256(0x0, 0x20), div(slength, 32))
                              // save new length
                              sstore(_preBytes.slot, add(mul(newlength, 2), 1))
                              // Copy over the first `submod` bytes of the new data as in
                              // case 1 above.
                              let slengthmod := mod(slength, 32)
                              let mlengthmod := mod(mlength, 32)
                              let submod := sub(32, slengthmod)
                              let mc := add(_postBytes, submod)
                              let end := add(_postBytes, mlength)
                              let mask := sub(exp(0x100, submod), 1)
                              sstore(sc, add(sload(sc), and(mload(mc), mask)))
                              for {
                                  sc := add(sc, 1)
                                  mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                              } lt(mc, end) {
                                  sc := add(sc, 1)
                                  mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                              } {
                                  sstore(sc, mload(mc))
                              }
                              mask := exp(0x100, sub(mc, end))
                              sstore(sc, mul(div(mload(mc), mask), mask))
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  function slice(
                      bytes memory _bytes,
                      uint256 _start,
                      uint256 _length
                  )
                      internal
                      pure
                      returns (bytes memory)
                  {
                      require(_length + 31 >= _length, "slice_overflow");
                      require(_bytes.length >= _start + _length, "slice_outOfBounds");
                      bytes memory tempBytes;
                      assembly {
                          switch iszero(_length)
                          case 0 {
                              // Get a location of some free memory and store it in tempBytes as
                              // Solidity does for memory variables.
                              tempBytes := mload(0x40)
                              // The first word of the slice result is potentially a partial
                              // word read from the original array. To read it, we calculate
                              // the length of that partial word and start copying that many
                              // bytes into the array. The first word we copy will start with
                              // data we don't care about, but the last `lengthmod` bytes will
                              // land at the beginning of the contents of the new array. When
                              // we're done copying, we overwrite the full first word with
                              // the actual length of the slice.
                              let lengthmod := and(_length, 31)
                              // The multiplication in the next line is necessary
                              // because when slicing multiples of 32 bytes (lengthmod == 0)
                              // the following copy loop was copying the origin's length
                              // and then ending prematurely not copying everything it should.
                              let mc := add(add(tempBytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod)))
                              let end := add(mc, _length)
                              for {
                                  // The multiplication in the next line has the same exact purpose
                                  // as the one above.
                                  let cc := add(add(add(_bytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod))), _start)
                              } lt(mc, end) {
                                  mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                                  cc := add(cc, 0x20)
                              } {
                                  mstore(mc, mload(cc))
                              }
                              mstore(tempBytes, _length)
                              //update free-memory pointer
                              //allocating the array padded to 32 bytes like the compiler does now
                              mstore(0x40, and(add(mc, 31), not(31)))
                          }
                          //if we want a zero-length slice let's just return a zero-length array
                          default {
                              tempBytes := mload(0x40)
                              //zero out the 32 bytes slice we are about to return
                              //we need to do it because Solidity does not garbage collect
                              mstore(tempBytes, 0)
                              mstore(0x40, add(tempBytes, 0x20))
                          }
                      }
                      return tempBytes;
                  }
                  function toAddress(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (address) {
                      require(_bytes.length >= _start + 20, "toAddress_outOfBounds");
                      address tempAddress;
                      assembly {
                          tempAddress := div(mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start)), 0x1000000000000000000000000)
                      }
                      return tempAddress;
                  }
                  function toUint8(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint8) {
                      require(_bytes.length >= _start + 1 , "toUint8_outOfBounds");
                      uint8 tempUint;
                      assembly {
                          tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x1), _start))
                      }
                      return tempUint;
                  }
                  function toUint16(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint16) {
                      require(_bytes.length >= _start + 2, "toUint16_outOfBounds");
                      uint16 tempUint;
                      assembly {
                          tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x2), _start))
                      }
                      return tempUint;
                  }
                  function toUint32(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint32) {
                      require(_bytes.length >= _start + 4, "toUint32_outOfBounds");
                      uint32 tempUint;
                      assembly {
                          tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x4), _start))
                      }
                      return tempUint;
                  }
                  function toUint64(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint64) {
                      require(_bytes.length >= _start + 8, "toUint64_outOfBounds");
                      uint64 tempUint;
                      assembly {
                          tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x8), _start))
                      }
                      return tempUint;
                  }
                  function toUint96(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint96) {
                      require(_bytes.length >= _start + 12, "toUint96_outOfBounds");
                      uint96 tempUint;
                      assembly {
                          tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0xc), _start))
                      }
                      return tempUint;
                  }
                  function toUint128(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint128) {
                      require(_bytes.length >= _start + 16, "toUint128_outOfBounds");
                      uint128 tempUint;
                      assembly {
                          tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x10), _start))
                      }
                      return tempUint;
                  }
                  function toUint256(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                      require(_bytes.length >= _start + 32, "toUint256_outOfBounds");
                      uint256 tempUint;
                      assembly {
                          tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start))
                      }
                      return tempUint;
                  }
                  function toBytes32(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                      require(_bytes.length >= _start + 32, "toBytes32_outOfBounds");
                      bytes32 tempBytes32;
                      assembly {
                          tempBytes32 := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start))
                      }
                      return tempBytes32;
                  }
                  function equal(bytes memory _preBytes, bytes memory _postBytes) internal pure returns (bool) {
                      bool success = true;
                      assembly {
                          let length := mload(_preBytes)
                          // if lengths don't match the arrays are not equal
                          switch eq(length, mload(_postBytes))
                          case 1 {
                              // cb is a circuit breaker in the for loop since there's
                              //  no said feature for inline assembly loops
                              // cb = 1 - don't breaker
                              // cb = 0 - break
                              let cb := 1
                              let mc := add(_preBytes, 0x20)
                              let end := add(mc, length)
                              for {
                                  let cc := add(_postBytes, 0x20)
                              // the next line is the loop condition:
                              // while(uint256(mc < end) + cb == 2)
                              } eq(add(lt(mc, end), cb), 2) {
                                  mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                                  cc := add(cc, 0x20)
                              } {
                                  // if any of these checks fails then arrays are not equal
                                  if iszero(eq(mload(mc), mload(cc))) {
                                      // unsuccess:
                                      success := 0
                                      cb := 0
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          default {
                              // unsuccess:
                              success := 0
                          }
                      }
                      return success;
                  }
                  function equalStorage(
                      bytes storage _preBytes,
                      bytes memory _postBytes
                  )
                      internal
                      view
                      returns (bool)
                  {
                      bool success = true;
                      assembly {
                          // we know _preBytes_offset is 0
                          let fslot := sload(_preBytes.slot)
                          // Decode the length of the stored array like in concatStorage().
                          let slength := div(and(fslot, sub(mul(0x100, iszero(and(fslot, 1))), 1)), 2)
                          let mlength := mload(_postBytes)
                          // if lengths don't match the arrays are not equal
                          switch eq(slength, mlength)
                          case 1 {
                              // slength can contain both the length and contents of the array
                              // if length < 32 bytes so let's prepare for that
                              // v. http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/miscellaneous.html#layout-of-state-variables-in-storage
                              if iszero(iszero(slength)) {
                                  switch lt(slength, 32)
                                  case 1 {
                                      // blank the last byte which is the length
                                      fslot := mul(div(fslot, 0x100), 0x100)
                                      if iszero(eq(fslot, mload(add(_postBytes, 0x20)))) {
                                          // unsuccess:
                                          success := 0
                                      }
                                  }
                                  default {
                                      // cb is a circuit breaker in the for loop since there's
                                      //  no said feature for inline assembly loops
                                      // cb = 1 - don't breaker
                                      // cb = 0 - break
                                      let cb := 1
                                      // get the keccak hash to get the contents of the array
                                      mstore(0x0, _preBytes.slot)
                                      let sc := keccak256(0x0, 0x20)
                                      let mc := add(_postBytes, 0x20)
                                      let end := add(mc, mlength)
                                      // the next line is the loop condition:
                                      // while(uint256(mc < end) + cb == 2)
                                      for {} eq(add(lt(mc, end), cb), 2) {
                                          sc := add(sc, 1)
                                          mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                                      } {
                                          if iszero(eq(sload(sc), mload(mc))) {
                                              // unsuccess:
                                              success := 0
                                              cb := 0
                                          }
                                      }
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          default {
                              // unsuccess:
                              success := 0
                          }
                      }
                      return success;
                  }
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
              import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
              import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
              import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
              import "./libs/BytesLib.sol";
              contract MayanForwarder {
              \tusing SafeERC20 for IERC20;
              \tusing BytesLib for bytes;
              \tevent SwapAndForwarded(uint256 amount);
              \taddress public guardian;
              \taddress public nextGuardian;
              \tmapping(address => bool) public swapProtocols;
              \tmapping(address => bool) public mayanProtocols;
              \tevent ForwardedEth(address mayanProtocol, bytes protocolData);
              \tevent ForwardedERC20(address token, uint256 amount, address mayanProtocol, bytes protocolData);
              \tevent SwapAndForwardedEth(uint256 amountIn, address swapProtocol, address middleToken, uint256 middleAmount, address mayanProtocol, bytes mayanData);
              \tevent SwapAndForwardedERC20(address tokenIn, uint256 amountIn, address swapProtocol, address middleToken, uint256 middleAmount, address mayanProtocol, bytes mayanData);
              \terror UnsupportedProtocol();
              \tstruct PermitParams {
              \t\tuint256 value;
              \t\tuint256 deadline;
              \t\tuint8 v;
              \t\tbytes32 r;
              \t\tbytes32 s;
              \t}
              \tconstructor(address _guardian, address[] memory _swapProtocols, address[] memory _mayanProtocols) {
              \t\tguardian = _guardian;
              \t\tfor (uint256 i = 0; i < _swapProtocols.length; i++) {
              \t\t\tswapProtocols[_swapProtocols[i]] = true;
              \t\t}
              \t\tfor (uint256 i = 0; i < _mayanProtocols.length; i++) {
              \t\t\tmayanProtocols[_mayanProtocols[i]] = true;
              \t\t}
              \t}
              \tfunction forwardEth(
              \t\taddress mayanProtocol,
              \t\tbytes calldata protocolData
              \t) external payable {
              \t\tif (!mayanProtocols[mayanProtocol]) {
              \t\t\trevert UnsupportedProtocol();
              \t\t}
              \t\t(bool success, bytes memory returnedData) = mayanProtocol.call{value: msg.value}(protocolData);
              \t\trequire(success, string(returnedData));
              \t\temit ForwardedEth(mayanProtocol, protocolData);
              \t}
              \t
              \tfunction forwardERC20(
              \t\taddress tokenIn,
              \t\tuint256 amountIn,
              \t\tPermitParams calldata permitParams,
              \t\taddress mayanProtocol,
              \t\tbytes calldata protocolData
              \t\t) external payable {
              \t\tif (!mayanProtocols[mayanProtocol]) {
              \t\t\trevert UnsupportedProtocol();
              \t\t}
              \t\tpullTokenIn(tokenIn, amountIn, permitParams);
              \t\tmaxApproveIfNeeded(tokenIn, mayanProtocol, amountIn);
              \t\t(bool success, bytes memory returnedData) = mayanProtocol.call{value: msg.value}(protocolData);
              \t\trequire(success, string(returnedData));
              \t\temit ForwardedERC20(tokenIn, amountIn, mayanProtocol, protocolData);
              \t}
              \tfunction swapAndForwardEth(
              \t\tuint256 amountIn,
              \t\taddress swapProtocol,
              \t\tbytes calldata swapData,
              \t\taddress middleToken,
              \t\tuint256 minMiddleAmount,
              \t\taddress mayanProtocol,
              \t\tbytes calldata mayanData
              \t) external payable {
              \t\tif (!swapProtocols[swapProtocol] || !mayanProtocols[mayanProtocol]) {
              \t\t\trevert UnsupportedProtocol();
              \t\t}
              \t\trequire(middleToken != address(0), "middleToken cannot be zero address");
              \t\trequire(msg.value >= amountIn, "insufficient amountIn");
              \t\tuint256 middleAmount = IERC20(middleToken).balanceOf(address(this));
              \t\t(bool success, bytes memory returnedData) = swapProtocol.call{value: amountIn}(swapData);
              \t\trequire(success, string(returnedData));
              \t\tmiddleAmount = IERC20(middleToken).balanceOf(address(this)) - middleAmount;
              \t\trequire(middleAmount >= minMiddleAmount, "MayanForwarder: insufficient middle token amount");
              \t\tmaxApproveIfNeeded(middleToken, mayanProtocol, middleAmount);
              \t\tbytes memory modifiedData = replaceMiddleAmount(mayanData, middleAmount);
              \t\t(success, returnedData) = mayanProtocol.call{value: msg.value - amountIn}(modifiedData);
              \t\trequire(success, string(returnedData));
              \t\temit SwapAndForwardedEth(amountIn, swapProtocol, middleToken, middleAmount, mayanProtocol, mayanData);
              \t}
              \tfunction swapAndForwardERC20(
              \t\taddress tokenIn,
              \t\tuint256 amountIn,
              \t\tPermitParams calldata permitParams,
              \t\taddress swapProtocol,
              \t\tbytes calldata swapData,
              \t\taddress middleToken,
              \t\tuint256 minMiddleAmount,
              \t\taddress mayanProtocol,
              \t\tbytes calldata mayanData
              \t) external payable {
              \t\tif (!swapProtocols[swapProtocol] || !mayanProtocols[mayanProtocol]) {
              \t\t\trevert UnsupportedProtocol();
              \t\t}
              \t\trequire(tokenIn != middleToken, "tokenIn and tokenOut must be different");
              \t\tpullTokenIn(tokenIn, amountIn, permitParams);
              \t\tmaxApproveIfNeeded(tokenIn, swapProtocol, amountIn);
              \t\tuint256 middleAmount = IERC20(middleToken).balanceOf(address(this));
              \t\t(bool success, bytes memory returnedData) = swapProtocol.call{value: 0}(swapData);
              \t\trequire(success, string(returnedData));
              \t\tmiddleAmount = IERC20(middleToken).balanceOf(address(this)) - middleAmount;
              \t\trequire(middleAmount >= minMiddleAmount, "insufficient middle token");
              \t\tmaxApproveIfNeeded(middleToken, mayanProtocol, middleAmount);
              \t\tbytes memory modifiedData = replaceMiddleAmount(mayanData, middleAmount);
              \t\t(success, returnedData) = mayanProtocol.call{value: msg.value}(modifiedData);
              \t\trequire(success, string(returnedData));
              \t\ttransferBackRemaining(tokenIn, amountIn);
              \t\temit SwapAndForwardedERC20(tokenIn, amountIn, swapProtocol, middleToken, middleAmount, mayanProtocol, mayanData);
              \t}
              \tfunction replaceMiddleAmount(bytes calldata mayanData, uint256 middleAmount) internal pure returns(bytes memory) {
              \t\trequire(mayanData.length >= 68, "Mayan data too short");
              \t\tbytes memory modifiedData = new bytes(mayanData.length);
              \t\t// Copy the function selector and token in
              \t\tfor (uint i = 0; i < 36; i++) {
              \t\t\tmodifiedData[i] = mayanData[i];
              \t\t}
              \t\t// Encode the amount and place it into the modified call data
              \t\t// Starting from byte 36 to byte 67 (32 bytes for uint256)
              \t\tbytes memory encodedAmount = abi.encode(middleAmount);
              \t\tfor (uint i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
              \t\t\tmodifiedData[i + 36] = encodedAmount[i];
              \t\t}
              \t\t// Copy the rest of the original data after the first argument
              \t\tfor (uint i = 68; i < mayanData.length; i++) {
              \t\t\tmodifiedData[i] = mayanData[i];
              \t\t}
              \t\treturn modifiedData;
              \t}
              \tfunction maxApproveIfNeeded(address tokenAddr, address spender, uint256 amount) internal {
              \t\tIERC20 token = IERC20(tokenAddr);
              \t\tuint256 currentAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
              \t\tif (currentAllowance < amount) {
              \t\t\ttoken.safeApprove(spender, 0);
              \t\t\ttoken.safeApprove(spender, type(uint256).max);
              \t\t}
              \t}
              \tfunction execPermit(
              \t\taddress token,
              \t\taddress owner,
              \t\tPermitParams calldata permitParams
              \t) internal {
              \t\tIERC20Permit(token).permit(
              \t\t\towner,
              \t\t\taddress(this),
              \t\t\tpermitParams.value,
              \t\t\tpermitParams.deadline,
              \t\t\tpermitParams.v,
              \t\t\tpermitParams.r,
              \t\t\tpermitParams.s
              \t\t);
              \t}
              \tfunction pullTokenIn(
              \t\taddress tokenIn,
              \t\tuint256 amountIn,
              \t\tPermitParams calldata permitParams
              \t) internal {
              \t\tuint256 allowance = IERC20(tokenIn).allowance(msg.sender, address(this));
              \t\tif (allowance < amountIn) {
              \t\t\texecPermit(tokenIn, msg.sender, permitParams);
              \t\t}
              \t\tIERC20(tokenIn).safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amountIn);
              \t}
              \tfunction transferBackRemaining(address token, uint256 maxAmount) internal {
              \t\tuint256 remaining = IERC20(token).balanceOf(address(this));
              \t\tif (remaining > 0 && remaining <= maxAmount) {
              \t\t\tIERC20(token).safeTransfer(msg.sender, remaining);
              \t\t}
              \t}
              \tfunction rescueToken(address token, uint256 amount, address to) public {
              \t\trequire(msg.sender == guardian, 'only guardian');
              \t\tIERC20(token).safeTransfer(to, amount);
              \t}
              \tfunction rescueEth(uint256 amount, address payable to) public {
              \t\trequire(msg.sender == guardian, 'only guardian');
              \t\trequire(to != address(0), 'transfer to the zero address');
              \t\tto.transfer(amount);
              \t}
              \tfunction changeGuardian(address newGuardian) public {
              \t\trequire(msg.sender == guardian, 'only guardian');
              \t\tnextGuardian = newGuardian;
              \t}
              \tfunction claimGuardian() public {
              \t\trequire(msg.sender == nextGuardian, 'only next guardian');
              \t\tguardian = nextGuardian;
              \t}
              \tfunction setSwapProtocol(address swapProtocol, bool enabled) public {
              \t\trequire(msg.sender == guardian, 'only guardian');
              \t\tswapProtocols[swapProtocol] = enabled;
              \t}
              \tfunction setMayanProtocol(address mayanProtocol, bool enabled) public {
              \t\trequire(msg.sender == guardian, 'only guardian');
              \t\tmayanProtocols[mayanProtocol] = enabled;
              \t}
              }

              File 3 of 5: WETH9
              // Copyright (C) 2015, 2016, 2017 Dapphub
              
              // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
              // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
              // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
              // (at your option) any later version.
              
              // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
              // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
              // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
              // GNU General Public License for more details.
              
              // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
              // along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
              
              pragma solidity ^0.4.18;
              
              contract WETH9 {
                  string public name     = "Wrapped Ether";
                  string public symbol   = "WETH";
                  uint8  public decimals = 18;
              
                  event  Approval(address indexed src, address indexed guy, uint wad);
                  event  Transfer(address indexed src, address indexed dst, uint wad);
                  event  Deposit(address indexed dst, uint wad);
                  event  Withdrawal(address indexed src, uint wad);
              
                  mapping (address => uint)                       public  balanceOf;
                  mapping (address => mapping (address => uint))  public  allowance;
              
                  function() public payable {
                      deposit();
                  }
                  function deposit() public payable {
                      balanceOf[msg.sender] += msg.value;
                      Deposit(msg.sender, msg.value);
                  }
                  function withdraw(uint wad) public {
                      require(balanceOf[msg.sender] >= wad);
                      balanceOf[msg.sender] -= wad;
                      msg.sender.transfer(wad);
                      Withdrawal(msg.sender, wad);
                  }
              
                  function totalSupply() public view returns (uint) {
                      return this.balance;
                  }
              
                  function approve(address guy, uint wad) public returns (bool) {
                      allowance[msg.sender][guy] = wad;
                      Approval(msg.sender, guy, wad);
                      return true;
                  }
              
                  function transfer(address dst, uint wad) public returns (bool) {
                      return transferFrom(msg.sender, dst, wad);
                  }
              
                  function transferFrom(address src, address dst, uint wad)
                      public
                      returns (bool)
                  {
                      require(balanceOf[src] >= wad);
              
                      if (src != msg.sender && allowance[src][msg.sender] != uint(-1)) {
                          require(allowance[src][msg.sender] >= wad);
                          allowance[src][msg.sender] -= wad;
                      }
              
                      balanceOf[src] -= wad;
                      balanceOf[dst] += wad;
              
                      Transfer(src, dst, wad);
              
                      return true;
                  }
              }
              
              
              /*
                                  GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                                     Version 3, 29 June 2007
              
               Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
               Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
               of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
              
                                          Preamble
              
                The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
              software and other kinds of works.
              
                The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
              to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
              the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
              share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
              software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
              GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
              any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
              your programs, too.
              
                When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
              price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
              have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
              them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
              want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
              free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
              
                To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
              these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
              certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
              you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
              
                For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
              gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
              freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
              or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
              know their rights.
              
                Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
              (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
              giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
              
                For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
              that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
              authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
              changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
              authors of previous versions.
              
                Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
              modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
              can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
              protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic
              pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
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              have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
              products.  If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
              stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
              of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
              
                Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
              States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
              software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
              avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
              make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL assures that
              patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
              
                The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
              modification follow.
              
                                     TERMS AND CONDITIONS
              
                0. Definitions.
              
                "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
              
                "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
              works, such as semiconductor masks.
              
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              permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
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              to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
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              */

              File 4 of 5: RangoSwapperFacet
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)
              pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
              /**
               * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
               *
               * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
               * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
               * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
               *
               * ==== Security Considerations
               *
               * There are two important considerations concerning the use of `permit`. The first is that a valid permit signature
               * expresses an allowance, and it should not be assumed to convey additional meaning. In particular, it should not be
               * considered as an intention to spend the allowance in any specific way. The second is that because permits have
               * built-in replay protection and can be submitted by anyone, they can be frontrun. A protocol that uses permits should
               * take this into consideration and allow a `permit` call to fail. Combining these two aspects, a pattern that may be
               * generally recommended is:
               *
               * ```solidity
               * function doThingWithPermit(..., uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public {
               *     try token.permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s) {} catch {}
               *     doThing(..., value);
               * }
               *
               * function doThing(..., uint256 value) public {
               *     token.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), value);
               *     ...
               * }
               * ```
               *
               * Observe that: 1) `msg.sender` is used as the owner, leaving no ambiguity as to the signer intent, and 2) the use of
               * `try/catch` allows the permit to fail and makes the code tolerant to frontrunning. (See also
               * {SafeERC20-safeTransferFrom}).
               *
               * Additionally, note that smart contract wallets (such as Argent or Safe) are not able to produce permit signatures, so
               * contracts should have entry points that don't rely on permit.
               */
              interface IERC20Permit {
                  /**
                   * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
                   * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
                   *
                   * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
                   * ordering also apply here.
                   *
                   * Emits an {Approval} event.
                   *
                   * Requirements:
                   *
                   * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
                   * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
                   * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
                   * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
                   * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
                   *
                   * For more information on the signature format, see the
                   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
                   * section].
                   *
                   * CAUTION: See Security Considerations above.
                   */
                  function permit(
                      address owner,
                      address spender,
                      uint256 value,
                      uint256 deadline,
                      uint8 v,
                      bytes32 r,
                      bytes32 s
                  ) external;
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
                   * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
                   *
                   * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
                   * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
                   */
                  function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
                   */
                  // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
                  function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)
              pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
              /**
               * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
               */
              interface IERC20 {
                  /**
                   * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
                   * another (`to`).
                   *
                   * Note that `value` may be zero.
                   */
                  event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
                  /**
                   * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
                   * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
                   */
                  event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
                   */
                  function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
                   */
                  function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
                  /**
                   * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
                   *
                   * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                   *
                   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                   */
                  function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
                   * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
                   * zero by default.
                   *
                   * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
                   */
                  function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
                  /**
                   * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
                   * caller's tokens.
                   *
                   * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                   *
                   * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
                   * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
                   * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
                   * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
                   * desired value afterwards:
                   * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
                   *
                   * Emits an {Approval} event.
                   */
                  function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
                  /**
                   * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
                   * allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
                   * allowance.
                   *
                   * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                   *
                   * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                   */
                  function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)
              pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
              import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";
              import {IERC20Permit} from "../extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
              import {Address} from "../../../utils/Address.sol";
              /**
               * @title SafeERC20
               * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
               * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
               * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
               * successful.
               * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
               * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
               */
              library SafeERC20 {
                  using Address for address;
                  /**
                   * @dev An operation with an ERC20 token failed.
                   */
                  error SafeERC20FailedOperation(address token);
                  /**
                   * @dev Indicates a failed `decreaseAllowance` request.
                   */
                  error SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 currentAllowance, uint256 requestedDecrease);
                  /**
                   * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
                   * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                   */
                  function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                      bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(abi.encodeCall(token.transfer, (to, value)));
                      if (address(token)!=0xa614f803B6FD780986A42c78Ec9c7f77e6DeD13C && returndata.length != 0 && !abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) {
                          revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
                      }
                      // _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transfer, (to, value)));
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
                   * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                   */
                  function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                      _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transferFrom, (from, to, value)));
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
                   * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                   */
                  function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                      uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
                      forceApprove(token, spender, oldAllowance + value);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `requestedDecrease`. If `token` returns no
                   * value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
                   */
                  function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 requestedDecrease) internal {
                      unchecked {
                          uint256 currentAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
                          if (currentAllowance < requestedDecrease) {
                              revert SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, requestedDecrease);
                          }
                          forceApprove(token, spender, currentAllowance - requestedDecrease);
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
                   * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
                   * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
                   */
                  function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                      bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, value));
                      if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
                          _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, 0)));
                          _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
                   * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
                   * @param token The token targeted by the call.
                   * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
                   */
                  function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
                      // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
                      // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
                      // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.
                      bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data);
                      if (returndata.length != 0 && !abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) {
                          revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
                   * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
                   * @param token The token targeted by the call.
                   * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
                   *
                   * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
                   */
                  function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
                      // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
                      // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
                      // and not revert is the subcall reverts.
                      (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
                      return success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && address(token).code.length > 0;
                  }
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Address.sol)
              pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
              /**
               * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
               */
              library Address {
                  /**
                   * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
                   */
                  error AddressInsufficientBalance(address account);
                  /**
                   * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
                   */
                  error AddressEmptyCode(address target);
                  /**
                   * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
                   */
                  error FailedInnerCall();
                  /**
                   * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                   * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                   *
                   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                   * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                   * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                   * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                   *
                   * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                   *
                   * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                   * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                   * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                   * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                   */
                  function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                      if (address(this).balance < amount) {
                          revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
                      }
                      (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                      if (!success) {
                          revert FailedInnerCall();
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                   * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                   * function instead.
                   *
                   * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
                   * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
                   * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
                   * {FailedInnerCall} error.
                   *
                   * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                   * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                   *
                   * Requirements:
                   *
                   * - `target` must be a contract.
                   * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                   */
                  function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                   * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                   *
                   * Requirements:
                   *
                   * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                   * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                   */
                  function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      if (address(this).balance < value) {
                          revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
                      }
                      (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                      return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                   * but performing a static call.
                   */
                  function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                      (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                      return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                   * but performing a delegate call.
                   */
                  function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                      return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
                   * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {FailedInnerCall}) in case of an
                   * unsuccessful call.
                   */
                  function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                      address target,
                      bool success,
                      bytes memory returndata
                  ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                      if (!success) {
                          _revert(returndata);
                      } else {
                          // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                          // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                          if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                              revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
                          }
                          return returndata;
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
                   * revert reason or with a default {FailedInnerCall} error.
                   */
                  function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                      if (!success) {
                          _revert(returndata);
                      } else {
                          return returndata;
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {FailedInnerCall}.
                   */
                  function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
                      // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                      if (returndata.length > 0) {
                          // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                          assembly {
                              let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                              revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                          }
                      } else {
                          revert FailedInnerCall();
                      }
                  }
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
              pragma solidity 0.8.25;
              import "../../libraries/LibDiamond.sol";
              import "../../libraries/LibSwapper.sol";
              import "../../utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol";
              import "../../libraries/LibPausable.sol";
              contract RangoSwapperFacet is ReentrancyGuard{
                  /// Events ///
                  /// @notice initializes the base swapper and sets the init params
                  /// @param _weth Address of wrapped token (WETH, WBNB, etc.) on the current chain
                  function initBaseSwapper(address _weth, address payable _feeReceiver) public {
                      LibDiamond.enforceIsContractOwner();
                      LibSwapper.setWeth(_weth);    
                      LibSwapper.updateFeeContractAddress(_feeReceiver);           
                  }
                  /// @notice Sets the wallet that receives Rango's fees from now on
                  /// @param _address The receiver wallet address
                  function updateFeeReceiver(address payable _address) external {
                      LibDiamond.enforceIsContractOwner();
                      LibSwapper.updateFeeContractAddress(_address);
                  }
                  /// @notice Transfers an ERC20 token from this contract to msg.sender
                  /// @dev This endpoint is to return money to a user if we didn't handle failure correctly and the money is still in the contract
                  /// @dev Currently the money goes to admin and they should manually transfer it to a wallet later
                  /// @param _tokenAddress The address of ERC20 token to be transferred
                  /// @param _amount The amount of money that should be transfered
                  function refund(address _tokenAddress, uint256 _amount) external {
                      LibDiamond.enforceIsContractOwner();
                      LibPausable.enforceNotPaused();
                      IERC20 ercToken = IERC20(_tokenAddress);
                      uint balance = ercToken.balanceOf(address(this));
                      require(balance >= _amount, "Insufficient balance");
                      SafeERC20.safeTransfer(ercToken, msg.sender, _amount);
                      emit LibSwapper.Refunded(_tokenAddress, _amount);
                  }
                  /// @notice Transfers the native token from this contract to msg.sender
                  /// @dev This endpoint is to return money to a user if we didn't handle failure correctly and the money is still in the contract
                  /// @dev Currently the money goes to admin and they should manually transfer it to a wallet later
                  /// @param _amount The amount of native token that should be transfered
                  function refundNative(uint256 _amount) external {
                      LibDiamond.enforceIsContractOwner();
                      LibPausable.enforceNotPaused();
                      uint balance = address(this).balance;
                      require(balance >= _amount, "Insufficient balance");
                      LibSwapper._sendToken(LibSwapper.ETH, _amount, msg.sender, false);
                      emit LibSwapper.Refunded(LibSwapper.ETH, _amount);
                  }
                  /// @notice Does a simple on-chain swap
                  /// @param request The general swap request containing from/to token and fee/affiliate rewards
                  /// @param calls The list of DEX calls
                  /// @param receiver The address that should receive the output of swaps.
                  /// @return The byte array result of all DEX calls
                  function onChainSwaps(
                      LibSwapper.SwapRequest memory request,
                      LibSwapper.Call[] calldata calls,
                      address receiver
                  ) external payable nonReentrant returns (bytes[] memory) {
                      LibPausable.enforceNotPaused();
                      require(receiver != LibSwapper.ETH, "receiver cannot be address(0)");
                      (bytes[] memory result, uint outputAmount) = LibSwapper.onChainSwapsInternal(request, calls, 0);
                      LibSwapper.emitSwapEvent(request, outputAmount, receiver);
                      LibSwapper._sendToken(request.toToken, outputAmount, receiver, false);
                      return result;
                  }
                  function isContractWhitelisted(address _contractAddress) external view returns (bool) {
                      LibDiamond.enforceIsContractOwner();
                      LibSwapper.BaseSwapperStorage storage baseSwapperStorage = LibSwapper.getBaseSwapperStorage();
                      return baseSwapperStorage.whitelistContracts[_contractAddress];
                  } 
              }// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              pragma solidity 0.8.25;
              interface IDiamondCut {
                  enum FacetCutAction {
                      Add,
                      Replace,
                      Remove
                  }
                  // Add=0, Replace=1, Remove=2
                  struct FacetCut {
                      address facetAddress;
                      FacetCutAction action;
                      bytes4[] functionSelectors;
                  }
                  /// @notice Add/replace/remove any number of functions and optionally execute
                  ///         a function with delegatecall
                  /// @param _diamondCut Contains the facet addresses and function selectors
                  /// @param _init The address of the contract or facet to execute _calldata
                  /// @param _calldata A function call, including function selector and arguments
                  ///                  _calldata is executed with delegatecall on _init
                  function diamondCut(
                      FacetCut[] calldata _diamondCut,
                      address _init,
                      bytes calldata _calldata
                  ) external;
                  event DiamondCut(FacetCut[] _diamondCut, address _init, bytes _calldata);
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
              pragma solidity 0.8.25;
              interface IRango {
                  struct RangoBridgeRequest {
                      address requestId;
                      address token;
                      uint amount;
                      uint platformFee;
                      uint affiliateFee;
                      address payable affiliatorAddress;
                      uint destinationExecutorFee;
                      uint16 dAppTag;
                      string dAppName;
                  }
                  enum BridgeType {
                      Across, 
                      CBridge, 
                      Hop, 
                      Hyphen, 
                      Multichain, 
                      Stargate, 
                      Synapse, 
                      Thorchain, 
                      Symbiosis, 
                      Axelar, 
                      Voyager, 
                      Poly, 
                      OptimismBridge, 
                      ArbitrumBridge, 
                      Wormhole, 
                      AllBridge, 
                      CCTP, 
                      Connext, 
                      NitroAssetForwarder, 
                      DeBridge, 
                      YBridge, 
                      Swft, 
                      Orbiter,
                      ChainFlip
                  }
                  /// @notice Status of cross-chain swap
                  /// @param Succeeded The whole process is success and end-user received the desired token in the destination
                  /// @param RefundInSource Bridge was out of liquidity and middle asset (ex: USDC) is returned to user on source chain
                  /// @param RefundInDestination Our handler on dest chain this.executeMessageWithTransfer failed and we send middle asset (ex: USDC) to user on destination chain
                  /// @param SwapFailedInDestination Everything was ok, but the final DEX on destination failed (ex: Market price change and slippage)
                  enum CrossChainOperationStatus {
                      Succeeded,
                      RefundInSource,
                      RefundInDestination,
                      SwapFailedInDestination
                  }
                  event RangoBridgeInitiated(
                      address indexed requestId,
                      address bridgeToken,
                      uint256 bridgeAmount,
                      address receiver,
                      uint destinationChainId,
                      bool hasInterchainMessage,
                      bool hasDestinationSwap,
                      uint8 indexed bridgeId,
                      uint16 indexed dAppTag,
                      string dAppName
                  );
                  event RangoBridgeCompleted(
                      address indexed requestId,
                      address indexed token,
                      address indexed originalSender,
                      address receiver,
                      uint amount,
                      CrossChainOperationStatus status,
                      uint16 dAppTag
                  );
              }// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
              pragma solidity 0.8.25;
              interface IWETH {
                  function deposit() external payable;
                  function withdraw(uint256) external;
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              pragma solidity 0.8.25;
              import { IDiamondCut } from "../interfaces/IDiamondCut.sol";
              /// Implementation of EIP-2535 Diamond Standard
              /// https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2535
              library LibDiamond {
                  /// Storage ///
                  bytes32 internal constant DIAMOND_STORAGE_POSITION = keccak256("diamond.standard.diamond.storage");
                  // Diamond specific errors
                  error IncorrectFacetCutAction();
                  error NoSelectorsInFacet();
                  error FunctionAlreadyExists();
                  error FacetAddressIsZero();
                  error FacetAddressIsNotZero();
                  error FacetContainsNoCode();
                  error FunctionDoesNotExist();
                  error FunctionIsImmutable();
                  error InitZeroButCalldataNotEmpty();
                  error CalldataEmptyButInitNotZero();
                  error InitReverted();
                  // ----------------
                  struct FacetAddressAndPosition {
                      address facetAddress;
                      uint96 functionSelectorPosition; // position in facetFunctionSelectors.functionSelectors array
                  }
                  struct FacetFunctionSelectors {
                      bytes4[] functionSelectors;
                      uint256 facetAddressPosition; // position of facetAddress in facetAddresses array
                  }
                  struct DiamondStorage {
                      // maps function selector to the facet address and
                      // the position of the selector in the facetFunctionSelectors.selectors array
                      mapping(bytes4 => FacetAddressAndPosition) selectorToFacetAndPosition;
                      // maps facet addresses to function selectors
                      mapping(address => FacetFunctionSelectors) facetFunctionSelectors;
                      // facet addresses
                      address[] facetAddresses;
                      // Used to query if a contract implements an interface.
                      // Used to implement ERC-165.
                      mapping(bytes4 => bool) supportedInterfaces;
                      // owner of the contract
                      address contractOwner;
                  }
                  function diamondStorage() internal pure returns (DiamondStorage storage ds) {
                      bytes32 position = DIAMOND_STORAGE_POSITION;
                      // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                      assembly {
                          ds.slot := position
                      }
                  }
                  event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
                  function setContractOwner(address _newOwner) internal {
                      DiamondStorage storage ds = diamondStorage();
                      address previousOwner = ds.contractOwner;
                      ds.contractOwner = _newOwner;
                      emit OwnershipTransferred(previousOwner, _newOwner);
                  }
                  function contractOwner() internal view returns (address contractOwner_) {
                      contractOwner_ = diamondStorage().contractOwner;
                  }
                  function enforceIsContractOwner() internal view {
                      require(msg.sender == diamondStorage().contractOwner, "LibDiamond: Must be contract owner");
                  }
                  event DiamondCut(IDiamondCut.FacetCut[] _diamondCut, address _init, bytes _calldata);
                  // Internal function version of diamondCut
                  function diamondCut(
                      IDiamondCut.FacetCut[] memory _diamondCut,
                      address _init,
                      bytes memory _calldata
                  ) internal {
                      for (uint256 facetIndex; facetIndex < _diamondCut.length; ) {
                          IDiamondCut.FacetCutAction action = _diamondCut[facetIndex].action;
                          if (action == IDiamondCut.FacetCutAction.Add) {
                              addFunctions(_diamondCut[facetIndex].facetAddress, _diamondCut[facetIndex].functionSelectors);
                          } else if (action == IDiamondCut.FacetCutAction.Replace) {
                              replaceFunctions(_diamondCut[facetIndex].facetAddress, _diamondCut[facetIndex].functionSelectors);
                          } else if (action == IDiamondCut.FacetCutAction.Remove) {
                              removeFunctions(_diamondCut[facetIndex].facetAddress, _diamondCut[facetIndex].functionSelectors);
                          } else {
                              revert IncorrectFacetCutAction();
                          }
                          unchecked {
                              ++facetIndex;
                          }
                      }
                      emit DiamondCut(_diamondCut, _init, _calldata);
                      initializeDiamondCut(_init, _calldata);
                  }
                  function addFunctions(address _facetAddress, bytes4[] memory _functionSelectors) internal {
                      if (_facetAddress == address(0)) {
                          revert FacetAddressIsZero();
                      }
                      if (_functionSelectors.length == 0) {
                          revert NoSelectorsInFacet();
                      }
                      DiamondStorage storage ds = diamondStorage();
                      uint96 selectorPosition = uint96(ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors.length);
                      // add new facet address if it does not exist
                      if (selectorPosition == 0) {
                          addFacet(ds, _facetAddress);
                      }
                      for (uint256 selectorIndex; selectorIndex < _functionSelectors.length; ) {
                          bytes4 selector = _functionSelectors[selectorIndex];
                          address oldFacetAddress = ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[selector].facetAddress;
                          if (oldFacetAddress != address(0)) {
                              revert FunctionAlreadyExists();
                          }
                          addFunction(ds, selector, selectorPosition, _facetAddress);
                          unchecked {
                              ++selectorPosition;
                              ++selectorIndex;
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  function replaceFunctions(address _facetAddress, bytes4[] memory _functionSelectors) internal {
                      if (_functionSelectors.length == 0) {
                          revert NoSelectorsInFacet();
                      }
                      if (_facetAddress == address(0)) {
                          revert FacetAddressIsZero();
                      }
                      DiamondStorage storage ds = diamondStorage();
                      uint96 selectorPosition = uint96(ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors.length);
                      // add new facet address if it does not exist
                      if (selectorPosition == 0) {
                          addFacet(ds, _facetAddress);
                      }
                      for (uint256 selectorIndex; selectorIndex < _functionSelectors.length; ) {
                          bytes4 selector = _functionSelectors[selectorIndex];
                          address oldFacetAddress = ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[selector].facetAddress;
                          if (oldFacetAddress == _facetAddress) {
                              revert FunctionAlreadyExists();
                          }
                          removeFunction(ds, oldFacetAddress, selector);
                          addFunction(ds, selector, selectorPosition, _facetAddress);
                          unchecked {
                              ++selectorPosition;
                              ++selectorIndex;
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  function removeFunctions(address _facetAddress, bytes4[] memory _functionSelectors) internal {
                      if (_functionSelectors.length == 0) {
                          revert NoSelectorsInFacet();
                      }
                      DiamondStorage storage ds = diamondStorage();
                      // if function does not exist then do nothing and return
                      if (_facetAddress != address(0)) {
                          revert FacetAddressIsNotZero();
                      }
                      for (uint256 selectorIndex; selectorIndex < _functionSelectors.length; ) {
                          bytes4 selector = _functionSelectors[selectorIndex];
                          address oldFacetAddress = ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[selector].facetAddress;
                          removeFunction(ds, oldFacetAddress, selector);
                          unchecked {
                              ++selectorIndex;
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  function addFacet(DiamondStorage storage ds, address _facetAddress) internal {
                      enforceHasContractCode(_facetAddress);
                      ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].facetAddressPosition = ds.facetAddresses.length;
                      ds.facetAddresses.push(_facetAddress);
                  }
                  function addFunction(
                      DiamondStorage storage ds,
                      bytes4 _selector,
                      uint96 _selectorPosition,
                      address _facetAddress
                  ) internal {
                      ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[_selector].functionSelectorPosition = _selectorPosition;
                      ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors.push(_selector);
                      ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[_selector].facetAddress = _facetAddress;
                  }
                  function removeFunction(
                      DiamondStorage storage ds,
                      address _facetAddress,
                      bytes4 _selector
                  ) internal {
                      if (_facetAddress == address(0)) {
                          revert FunctionDoesNotExist();
                      }
                      // an immutable function is a function defined directly in a diamond
                      if (_facetAddress == address(this)) {
                          revert FunctionIsImmutable();
                      }
                      // replace selector with last selector, then delete last selector
                      uint256 selectorPosition = ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[_selector].functionSelectorPosition;
                      uint256 lastSelectorPosition = ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors.length - 1;
                      // if not the same then replace _selector with lastSelector
                      if (selectorPosition != lastSelectorPosition) {
                          bytes4 lastSelector = ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors[lastSelectorPosition];
                          ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors[selectorPosition] = lastSelector;
                          ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[lastSelector].functionSelectorPosition = uint96(selectorPosition);
                      }
                      // delete the last selector
                      ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].functionSelectors.pop();
                      delete ds.selectorToFacetAndPosition[_selector];
                      // if no more selectors for facet address then delete the facet address
                      if (lastSelectorPosition == 0) {
                          // replace facet address with last facet address and delete last facet address
                          uint256 lastFacetAddressPosition = ds.facetAddresses.length - 1;
                          uint256 facetAddressPosition = ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].facetAddressPosition;
                          if (facetAddressPosition != lastFacetAddressPosition) {
                              address lastFacetAddress = ds.facetAddresses[lastFacetAddressPosition];
                              ds.facetAddresses[facetAddressPosition] = lastFacetAddress;
                              ds.facetFunctionSelectors[lastFacetAddress].facetAddressPosition = facetAddressPosition;
                          }
                          ds.facetAddresses.pop();
                          delete ds.facetFunctionSelectors[_facetAddress].facetAddressPosition;
                      }
                  }
                  function initializeDiamondCut(address _init, bytes memory _calldata) internal {
                      if (_init == address(0)) {
                          if (_calldata.length != 0) {
                              revert InitZeroButCalldataNotEmpty();
                          }
                      } else {
                          if (_calldata.length == 0) {
                              revert CalldataEmptyButInitNotZero();
                          }
                          if (_init != address(this)) {
                              enforceHasContractCode(_init);
                          }
                          // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                          (bool success, bytes memory error) = _init.delegatecall(_calldata);
                          if (!success) {
                              if (error.length > 0) {
                                  // bubble up the error
                                  revert(string(error));
                              } else {
                                  revert InitReverted();
                              }
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  function enforceHasContractCode(address _contract) internal view {
                      uint256 contractSize;
                      // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                      assembly {
                          contractSize := extcodesize(_contract)
                      }
                      if (contractSize == 0) {
                          revert FacetContainsNoCode();
                      }
                  }
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
              pragma solidity 0.8.25;
              /// @title Pausable Library
              /// @author 0xiDen
              /// @notice This library provides pausable feature across entire diamond protected methods. Be advised only methods that call `enforceNotPaused` will be protected!
              library LibPausable {
                  /// Storage ///
                  bytes32 private constant NAMESPACE = keccak256("exchange.rango.library.pausable");
                  /// Types ///
                  struct PausableStorage {
                      bool isPaused;
                  }
                  /// Events ///
                  /// @notice Notifies that Rango's paused state is updated
                  /// @param _oldPausedState The previous paused state
                  /// @param _newPausedState The new fee wallet address
                  event PausedStateUpdated(bool _oldPausedState, bool _newPausedState);
                  /// Errors ///
                  /// Constants ///
                  /// Modifiers ///
                  /// Internal Methods ///
                  /// @notice Sets the isPaused state for Rango
                  /// @param _paused The receiver wallet address
                  function updatePauseState(bool _paused) internal {
                      PausableStorage storage pausableStorage = getPausableStorage();
                      bool oldState = pausableStorage.isPaused;
                      pausableStorage.isPaused = _paused;
                      emit PausedStateUpdated(oldState, _paused);
                  }
                  function enforceNotPaused() internal view {
                      PausableStorage storage pausableStorage = getPausableStorage();
                      require(pausableStorage.isPaused == false, "Paused");
                  }
                  /// Private Methods ///
                  /// @dev fetch local storage
                  function getPausableStorage() private pure returns (PausableStorage storage data) {
                      bytes32 position = NAMESPACE;
                      // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                      assembly {
                          data.slot := position
                      }
                  }
              }// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
              pragma solidity 0.8.25;
              import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
              import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
              import "../interfaces/IWETH.sol";
              import "../interfaces/IRango.sol";
              /// @title BaseSwapper
              /// @author 0xiden
              /// @notice library to provide swap functionality
              library LibSwapper {
                  bytes32 internal constant BASE_SWAPPER_NAMESPACE = keccak256("exchange.rango.library.swapper");
                  address payable constant ETH = payable(0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000);
                  struct BaseSwapperStorage {
                      address payable feeContractAddress;
                      address WETH;
                      mapping(address => bool) whitelistContracts;
                      mapping(address => mapping(bytes4 => bool)) whitelistMethods;
                  }
                  /// @notice Emitted if any fee transfer was required
                  /// @param token The address of received token, address(0) for native
                  /// @param affiliatorAddress The address of affiliate wallet
                  /// @param platformFee The amount received as platform fee
                  /// @param destinationExecutorFee The amount received to execute transaction on destination (only for cross chain txs)
                  /// @param affiliateFee The amount received by affiliate
                  /// @param dAppTag Optional identifier to make tracking easier.
                  event FeeInfo(
                      address token,
                      address indexed affiliatorAddress,
                      uint platformFee,
                      uint destinationExecutorFee,
                      uint affiliateFee,
                      uint16 indexed dAppTag
                  );
                  /// @notice A call to another dex or contract done and here is the result
                  /// @param target The address of dex or contract that is called
                  /// @param success A boolean indicating that the call was success or not
                  /// @param returnData The response of function call
                  event CallResult(address target, bool success, bytes returnData);
                  /// @notice A swap request is done and we also emit the output
                  /// @param requestId Optional parameter to make tracking of transaction easier
                  /// @param fromToken Input token address to be swapped from
                  /// @param toToken Output token address to be swapped to
                  /// @param amountIn Input amount of fromToken that is being swapped
                  /// @param dAppTag Optional identifier to make tracking easier
                  /// @param outputAmount The output amount of the swap, measured by the balance change before and after the swap
                  /// @param receiver The address to receive the output of swap. Can be address(0) when swap is before a bridge action
                  /// @param dAppName The human readable name of the dApp
                  event RangoSwap(
                      address indexed requestId,
                      address fromToken,
                      address toToken,
                      uint amountIn,
                      uint minimumAmountExpected,
                      uint16 indexed dAppTag,
                      uint outputAmount,
                      address receiver,
                      string dAppName
                  );
                  /// @notice Output amount of a dex calls is logged
                  /// @param _token The address of output token, ZERO address for native
                  /// @param amount The amount of output
                  event DexOutput(address _token, uint amount);
                  /// @notice The output money (ERC20/Native) is sent to a wallet
                  /// @param _token The token that is sent to a wallet, ZERO address for native
                  /// @param _amount The sent amount
                  /// @param _receiver The receiver wallet address
                  event SendToken(address _token, uint256 _amount, address _receiver);
                  /// @notice Notifies that Rango's fee receiver address updated
                  /// @param _oldAddress The previous fee wallet address
                  /// @param _newAddress The new fee wallet address
                  event FeeContractAddressUpdated(address _oldAddress, address _newAddress);
                  /// @notice Notifies that WETH address is updated
                  /// @param _oldAddress The previous weth address
                  /// @param _newAddress The new weth address
                  event WethContractAddressUpdated(address _oldAddress, address _newAddress);
                  /// @notice Notifies that admin manually refunded some money
                  /// @param _token The address of refunded token, 0x000..00 address for native token
                  /// @param _amount The amount that is refunded
                  event Refunded(address _token, uint _amount);
                  /// @notice The requested call data which is computed off-chain and passed to the contract
                  /// @dev swapFromToken and amount parameters are only helper params and the actual amount and
                  /// token are set in callData
                  /// @param spender The contract which the approval is given to if swapFromToken is not native.
                  /// @param target The dex contract address that should be called
                  /// @param swapFromToken Token address of to be used in the swap.
                  /// @param amount The amount to be approved or native amount sent.
                  /// @param callData The required data field that should be give to the dex contract to perform swap
                  struct Call {
                      address spender;
                      address payable target;
                      address swapFromToken;
                      address swapToToken;
                      bool needsTransferFromUser;
                      uint amount;
                      bytes callData;
                  }
                  /// @notice General swap request which is given to us in all relevant functions
                  /// @param requestId The request id passed to make tracking transactions easier
                  /// @param fromToken The source token that is going to be swapped (in case of simple swap or swap + bridge) or the briding token (in case of solo bridge)
                  /// @param toToken The output token of swapping. This is the output of DEX step and is also input of bridging step
                  /// @param amountIn The amount of input token to be swapped
                  /// @param platformFee The amount of fee charged by platform
                  /// @param destinationExecutorFee The amount of fee required for relayer execution on the destination
                  /// @param affiliateFee The amount of fee charged by affiliator dApp
                  /// @param affiliatorAddress The wallet address that the affiliator fee should be sent to
                  /// @param minimumAmountExpected The minimum amount of toToken expected after executing Calls
                  /// @param feeFromInputToken If set to true, the fees will be taken from input token and otherwise, from output token. (platformFee,destinationExecutorFee,affiliateFee)
                  /// @param dAppTag An optional parameter
                  /// @param dAppName The Name of the dApp
                  struct SwapRequest {
                      address requestId;
                      address fromToken;
                      address toToken;
                      uint amountIn;
                      uint platformFee;
                      uint destinationExecutorFee;
                      uint affiliateFee;
                      address payable affiliatorAddress;
                      uint minimumAmountExpected;
                      bool feeFromInputToken;
                      uint16 dAppTag;
                      string dAppName;
                  }
                  /// @notice initializes the base swapper and sets the init params (such as Wrapped token address)
                  /// @param _weth Address of wrapped token (WETH, WBNB, etc.) on the current chain
                  function setWeth(address _weth) internal {
                      BaseSwapperStorage storage baseStorage = getBaseSwapperStorage();
                      address oldAddress = baseStorage.WETH;
                      baseStorage.WETH = _weth;
                      require(_weth != address(0), "Invalid WETH!");
                      emit WethContractAddressUpdated(oldAddress, _weth);
                  }
                  /// @notice Sets the wallet that receives Rango's fees from now on
                  /// @param _address The receiver wallet address
                  function updateFeeContractAddress(address payable _address) internal {
                      BaseSwapperStorage storage baseSwapperStorage = getBaseSwapperStorage();
                      address oldAddress = baseSwapperStorage.feeContractAddress;
                      baseSwapperStorage.feeContractAddress = _address;
                      emit FeeContractAddressUpdated(oldAddress, _address);
                  }
                  /// Whitelist ///
                  /// @notice Adds a contract to the whitelisted DEXes that can be called
                  /// @param contractAddress The address of the DEX
                  function addWhitelist(address contractAddress) internal {
                      BaseSwapperStorage storage baseStorage = getBaseSwapperStorage();
                      baseStorage.whitelistContracts[contractAddress] = true;
                  }
                  /// @notice Adds a method of contract to the whitelisted DEXes that can be called
                  /// @param contractAddress The address of the DEX
                  /// @param methodIds The method of the DEX
                  function addMethodWhitelists(address contractAddress, bytes4[] calldata methodIds) internal {
                      BaseSwapperStorage storage baseStorage = getBaseSwapperStorage();
                      baseStorage.whitelistContracts[contractAddress] = true;
                      for (uint i = 0; i < methodIds.length; i++)
                          baseStorage.whitelistMethods[contractAddress][methodIds[i]] = true;
                  }
                  /// @notice Adds a method of contract to the whitelisted DEXes that can be called
                  /// @param contractAddress The address of the DEX
                  /// @param methodId The method of the DEX
                  function addMethodWhitelist(address contractAddress, bytes4 methodId) internal {
                      BaseSwapperStorage storage baseStorage = getBaseSwapperStorage();
                      baseStorage.whitelistContracts[contractAddress] = true;
                      baseStorage.whitelistMethods[contractAddress][methodId] = true;
                  }
                  /// @notice Removes a contract from the whitelisted DEXes
                  /// @param contractAddress The address of the DEX or dApp
                  function removeWhitelist(address contractAddress) internal {
                      BaseSwapperStorage storage baseStorage = getBaseSwapperStorage();
                      delete baseStorage.whitelistContracts[contractAddress];
                  }
                  /// @notice Removes a method of contract from the whitelisted DEXes
                  /// @param contractAddress The address of the DEX or dApp
                  /// @param methodId The method of the DEX
                  function removeMethodWhitelist(address contractAddress, bytes4 methodId) internal {
                      BaseSwapperStorage storage baseStorage = getBaseSwapperStorage();
                      delete baseStorage.whitelistMethods[contractAddress][methodId];
                  }
                  function onChainSwapsPreBridge(
                      SwapRequest memory request,
                      Call[] calldata calls,
                      uint extraFee
                  ) internal returns (uint out) {
                      uint minimumRequiredValue = getPreBridgeMinAmount(request) + extraFee;
                      require(msg.value >= minimumRequiredValue, 'Send more ETH to cover input amount + fee');
                      (, out) = onChainSwapsInternal(request, calls, extraFee);
                      // when there is a bridge after swap, set the receiver in swap event to address(0)
                      emitSwapEvent(request, out, ETH);
                      return out;
                  }
                  /// @notice Internal function to compute output amount of DEXes
                  /// @param request The general swap request containing from/to token and fee/affiliate rewards
                  /// @param calls The list of DEX calls
                  /// @param extraNativeFee The amount of native tokens to keep and not return to user as excess amount.
                  /// @return The response of all DEX calls and the output amount of the whole process
                  function onChainSwapsInternal(
                      SwapRequest memory request,
                      Call[] calldata calls,
                      uint256 extraNativeFee
                  ) internal returns (bytes[] memory, uint) {
                      uint toBalanceBefore = getBalanceOf(request.toToken);
                      uint fromBalanceBefore = getBalanceOf(request.fromToken);
                      uint256[] memory initialBalancesList = getInitialBalancesList(calls);
                      // transfer tokens from user for SwapRequest and Calls that require transfer from user.
                      transferTokensFromUserForSwapRequest(request);
                      transferTokensFromUserForCalls(calls);
                      bytes[] memory result = callSwapsAndFees(request, calls);
                      // check if any extra tokens were taken from contract and return excess tokens if any.
                      returnExcessAmounts(request, calls, initialBalancesList);
                      // get balance after returning excesses.
                      uint fromBalanceAfter = getBalanceOf(request.fromToken);
                      // check over-expense of fromToken and return excess if any.
                      if (request.fromToken != ETH) {
                          require(fromBalanceAfter >= fromBalanceBefore, "Source token balance on contract must not decrease after swap");
                          if (fromBalanceAfter > fromBalanceBefore)
                              _sendToken(request.fromToken, fromBalanceAfter - fromBalanceBefore, msg.sender);
                      }
                      else {
                          require(fromBalanceAfter >= fromBalanceBefore - msg.value + extraNativeFee, "Source token balance on contract must not decrease after swap");
                          // When we are keeping extraNativeFee for bridgingFee, we should consider it in calculations.
                          if (fromBalanceAfter > fromBalanceBefore - msg.value + extraNativeFee)
                              _sendToken(request.fromToken, fromBalanceAfter + msg.value - fromBalanceBefore - extraNativeFee, msg.sender);
                      }
                      uint toBalanceAfter = getBalanceOf(request.toToken);
                      uint secondaryBalance = toBalanceAfter - toBalanceBefore;
                      require(secondaryBalance >= request.minimumAmountExpected, "Output is less than minimum expected");
                      return (result, secondaryBalance);
                  }
                  /// @notice Private function to handle fetching money from wallet to contract, reduce fee/affiliate, perform DEX calls
                  /// @param request The general swap request containing from/to token and fee/affiliate rewards
                  /// @param calls The list of DEX calls
                  /// @dev It checks the whitelisting of all DEX addresses + having enough msg.value as input
                  /// @return The bytes of all DEX calls response
                  function callSwapsAndFees(SwapRequest memory request, Call[] calldata calls) private returns (bytes[] memory) {
                      BaseSwapperStorage storage baseSwapperStorage = getBaseSwapperStorage();
                      for (uint256 i = 0; i < calls.length; i++) {
                          require(baseSwapperStorage.whitelistContracts[calls[i].spender], "Contract spender not whitelisted");
                          require(baseSwapperStorage.whitelistContracts[calls[i].target], "Contract target not whitelisted");
                          bytes4 sig = bytes4(calls[i].callData[: 4]);
                          require(baseSwapperStorage.whitelistMethods[calls[i].target][sig], "Unauthorized call data!");
                      }
                      // Get Fees Before swap
                      collectFeesBeforeSwap(request);
                      // Execute swap Calls
                      bytes[] memory returnData = new bytes[](calls.length);
                      address tmpSwapFromToken;
                      for (uint256 i = 0; i < calls.length; i++) {
                          tmpSwapFromToken = calls[i].swapFromToken;
                          bool isTokenNative = tmpSwapFromToken == ETH;
                          if (isTokenNative == false)
                              approveMax(tmpSwapFromToken, calls[i].spender, calls[i].amount);
                          (bool success, bytes memory ret) = isTokenNative
                          ? calls[i].target.call{value : calls[i].amount}(calls[i].callData)
                          : calls[i].target.call(calls[i].callData);
                          emit CallResult(calls[i].target, success, ret);
                          if (!success)
                              revert(_getRevertMsg(ret));
                          returnData[i] = ret;
                      }
                      // Get Fees After swap
                      collectFeesAfterSwap(request);
                      return returnData;
                  }
                  /// @notice Approves an ERC20 token to a contract to transfer from the current contract
                  /// @param token The address of an ERC20 token
                  /// @param spender The contract address that should be approved
                  /// @param value The amount that should be approved
                  function approve(address token, address spender, uint value) internal {
                      SafeERC20.forceApprove(IERC20(token), spender, value);
                  }
                  /// @notice Approves an ERC20 token to a contract to transfer from the current contract, approves for inf value
                  /// @param token The address of an ERC20 token
                  /// @param spender The contract address that should be approved
                  /// @param value The desired allowance. If current allowance is less than this value, infinite allowance will be given
                  function approveMax(address token, address spender, uint value) internal {
                      uint256 currentAllowance = IERC20(token).allowance(address(this), spender);
                      if (currentAllowance < value) {
                          SafeERC20.forceApprove(IERC20(token), spender, type(uint256).max);
                      }
                  }
                  function _sendToken(address _token, uint256 _amount, address _receiver) internal {
                      (_token == ETH) ? _sendNative(_receiver, _amount) : SafeERC20.safeTransfer(IERC20(_token), _receiver, _amount);
                  }
                  function sumFees(IRango.RangoBridgeRequest memory request) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                      return request.platformFee + request.affiliateFee + request.destinationExecutorFee;
                  }
                  function sumFees(SwapRequest memory request) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                      return request.platformFee + request.affiliateFee + request.destinationExecutorFee;
                  }
                   function getPreBridgeMinAmount(SwapRequest memory request) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                      bool isNative = request.fromToken == ETH;
                      if (request.feeFromInputToken) {
                          return (isNative ? request.platformFee + request.affiliateFee + request.amountIn + request.destinationExecutorFee : 0);
                      }
                      return (isNative ? request.amountIn : 0);
                  }
                  function collectFeesForSwap(SwapRequest memory request) internal {
                      BaseSwapperStorage storage baseSwapperStorage = getBaseSwapperStorage();
                      // Get Platform fee
                      bool hasPlatformFee = request.platformFee > 0;
                      bool hasDestExecutorFee = request.destinationExecutorFee > 0;
                      bool hasAffiliateFee = request.affiliateFee > 0;
                      address feeToken = request.feeFromInputToken ? request.fromToken : request.toToken;
                      if (hasPlatformFee || hasDestExecutorFee) {
                          require(baseSwapperStorage.feeContractAddress != ETH, "Fee contract address not set");
                          _sendToken(feeToken, request.platformFee + request.destinationExecutorFee, baseSwapperStorage.feeContractAddress, false);
                      }
                      // Get affiliate fee
                      if (hasAffiliateFee) {
                          require(request.affiliatorAddress != ETH, "Invalid affiliatorAddress");
                          _sendToken(feeToken, request.affiliateFee, request.affiliatorAddress, false);
                      }
                      // emit Fee event
                      if (hasPlatformFee || hasDestExecutorFee || hasAffiliateFee) {
                          emit FeeInfo(
                              feeToken,
                              request.affiliatorAddress,
                              request.platformFee,
                              request.destinationExecutorFee,
                              request.affiliateFee,
                              request.dAppTag
                          );
                      }
                  }
                  function collectFees(IRango.RangoBridgeRequest memory request) internal {
                      // Get Platform fee
                      bool hasPlatformFee = request.platformFee > 0;
                      bool hasDestExecutorFee = request.destinationExecutorFee > 0;
                      bool hasAffiliateFee = request.affiliateFee > 0;
                      bool hasAnyFee = hasPlatformFee || hasDestExecutorFee || hasAffiliateFee;
                      if (!hasAnyFee) {
                          return;
                      }
                      BaseSwapperStorage storage baseSwapperStorage = getBaseSwapperStorage();
                      if (hasPlatformFee || hasDestExecutorFee) {
                          require(baseSwapperStorage.feeContractAddress != ETH, "Fee contract address not set");
                          _sendToken(request.token, request.platformFee + request.destinationExecutorFee, baseSwapperStorage.feeContractAddress, false);
                      }
                      // Get affiliate fee
                      if (hasAffiliateFee) {
                          require(request.affiliatorAddress != ETH, "Invalid affiliatorAddress");
                          _sendToken(request.token, request.affiliateFee, request.affiliatorAddress, false);
                      }
                      // emit Fee event
                      emit FeeInfo(
                          request.token,
                          request.affiliatorAddress,
                          request.platformFee,
                          request.destinationExecutorFee,
                          request.affiliateFee,
                          request.dAppTag
                      );
                  }
                  function collectFeesBeforeSwap(SwapRequest memory request) internal {
                      if (request.feeFromInputToken) {
                          collectFeesForSwap(request);
                      }
                  }
                  function collectFeesAfterSwap(SwapRequest memory request) internal {
                      if (!request.feeFromInputToken) {
                          collectFeesForSwap(request);
                      }
                  }
                  function collectFeesFromSender(IRango.RangoBridgeRequest memory request) internal {
                      // Get Platform fee
                      bool hasPlatformFee = request.platformFee > 0;
                      bool hasDestExecutorFee = request.destinationExecutorFee > 0;
                      bool hasAffiliateFee = request.affiliateFee > 0;
                      bool hasAnyFee = hasPlatformFee || hasDestExecutorFee || hasAffiliateFee;
                      if (!hasAnyFee) {
                          return;
                      }
                      bool isSourceNative = request.token == ETH;
                      BaseSwapperStorage storage baseSwapperStorage = getBaseSwapperStorage();
                      if (hasPlatformFee || hasDestExecutorFee) {
                          require(baseSwapperStorage.feeContractAddress != ETH, "Fee contract address not set");
                          if (isSourceNative)
                              _sendToken(request.token, request.platformFee + request.destinationExecutorFee, baseSwapperStorage.feeContractAddress, false);
                          else
                              SafeERC20.safeTransferFrom(
                                  IERC20(request.token),
                                  msg.sender,
                                  baseSwapperStorage.feeContractAddress,
                                  request.platformFee + request.destinationExecutorFee
                              );
                      }
                      // Get affiliate fee
                      if (hasAffiliateFee) {
                          require(request.affiliatorAddress != ETH, "Invalid affiliatorAddress");
                          if (isSourceNative)
                              _sendToken(request.token, request.affiliateFee, request.affiliatorAddress, false);
                          else
                              SafeERC20.safeTransferFrom(
                                  IERC20(request.token),
                                  msg.sender,
                                  request.affiliatorAddress,
                                  request.affiliateFee
                              );
                      }
                      // emit Fee event
                      emit FeeInfo(
                          request.token,
                          request.affiliatorAddress,
                          request.platformFee,
                          request.destinationExecutorFee,
                          request.affiliateFee,
                          request.dAppTag
                      );
                  }
                  /// @notice An internal function to send a token from the current contract to another contract or wallet
                  /// @dev This function also can convert WETH to ETH before sending if _withdraw flat is set to true
                  /// @dev To send native token _token param should be set to address zero, otherwise we assume it's an ERC20 transfer
                  /// @param _token The token that is going to be sent to a wallet, ZERO address for native
                  /// @param _amount The sent amount
                  /// @param _receiver The receiver wallet address or contract
                  /// @param _withdraw If true, indicates that we should swap WETH to ETH before sending the money and _nativeOut must also be true
                  function _sendToken(
                      address _token,
                      uint256 _amount,
                      address _receiver,
                      bool _withdraw
                  ) internal {
                      BaseSwapperStorage storage baseStorage = getBaseSwapperStorage();
                      emit SendToken(_token, _amount, _receiver);
                      bool nativeOut = _token == LibSwapper.ETH;
                      if (_withdraw) {
                          require(_token == baseStorage.WETH, "token mismatch");
                          IWETH(baseStorage.WETH).withdraw(_amount);
                          nativeOut = true;
                      }
                      if (nativeOut) {
                          _sendNative(_receiver, _amount);
                      } else {
                          SafeERC20.safeTransfer(IERC20(_token), _receiver, _amount);
                      }
                  }
                  /// @notice An internal function to send native token to a contract or wallet
                  /// @param _receiver The address that will receive the native token
                  /// @param _amount The amount of the native token that should be sent
                  function _sendNative(address _receiver, uint _amount) internal {
                      (bool sent,) = _receiver.call{value : _amount}("");
                      require(sent, "failed to send native");
                  }
                  /// @notice A utility function to fetch storage from a predefined random slot using assembly
                  /// @return s The storage object
                  function getBaseSwapperStorage() internal pure returns (BaseSwapperStorage storage s) {
                      bytes32 namespace = BASE_SWAPPER_NAMESPACE;
                      // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                      assembly {
                          s.slot := namespace
                      }
                  }
                  /// @notice To extract revert message from a DEX/contract call to represent to the end-user in the blockchain
                  /// @param _returnData The resulting bytes of a failed call to a DEX or contract
                  /// @return A string that describes what was the error
                  function _getRevertMsg(bytes memory _returnData) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                      // If the _res length is less than 68, then the transaction failed silently (without a revert message)
                      if (_returnData.length < 68) return 'Transaction reverted silently';
                      assembly {
                      // Slice the sighash.
                          _returnData := add(_returnData, 0x04)
                      }
                      return abi.decode(_returnData, (string));
                      // All that remains is the revert string
                  }
                  function getBalanceOf(address token) internal view returns (uint) {
                      return token == ETH ? address(this).balance : IERC20(token).balanceOf(address(this));
                  }
                  /// @notice Fetches the balances of swapToTokens.
                  /// @dev this fetches the balances for swapToToken of swap Calls. If native eth is received, the balance has already increased so we subtract msg.value.
                  function getInitialBalancesList(Call[] calldata calls) internal view returns (uint256[] memory) {
                      uint callsLength = calls.length;
                      uint256[] memory balancesList = new uint256[](callsLength);
                      address token;
                      for (uint256 i = 0; i < callsLength; i++) {
                          token = calls[i].swapToToken;
                          balancesList[i] = getBalanceOf(token);
                          if (token == ETH)
                              balancesList[i] -= msg.value;
                      }
                      return balancesList;
                  }
                  /// This function transfers tokens from users based on the SwapRequest, it transfers amountIn + fees.
                  function transferTokensFromUserForSwapRequest(SwapRequest memory request) private {
                      uint transferAmount = request.amountIn + (request.feeFromInputToken ? sumFees(request) : 0);
                      if (request.fromToken != ETH)
                          SafeERC20.safeTransferFrom(IERC20(request.fromToken), msg.sender, address(this), transferAmount);
                      else
                          require(msg.value >= transferAmount);
                  }
                  /// This function iterates on calls and if needsTransferFromUser, transfers tokens from user
                  function transferTokensFromUserForCalls(Call[] calldata calls) private {
                      uint callsLength = calls.length;
                      Call calldata call;
                      address token;
                      for (uint256 i = 0; i < callsLength; i++) {
                          call = calls[i];
                          token = call.swapFromToken;
                          if (call.needsTransferFromUser && token != ETH)
                              SafeERC20.safeTransferFrom(IERC20(call.swapFromToken), msg.sender, address(this), call.amount);
                      }
                  }
                  /// @dev returns any excess token left by the contract.
                  /// We iterate over `swapToToken`s because each swapToToken is either the request.toToken or is the output of
                  /// another `Call` in the list of swaps which itself either has transferred tokens from user,
                  /// or is a middle token that is the output of another `Call`.
                  function returnExcessAmounts(
                      SwapRequest memory request,
                      Call[] calldata calls,
                      uint256[] memory initialBalancesList) internal {
                      uint excessAmountToToken;
                      address tmpSwapToToken;
                      uint currentBalanceTo;
                      for (uint256 i = 0; i < calls.length; i++) {
                          tmpSwapToToken = calls[i].swapToToken;
                          currentBalanceTo = getBalanceOf(tmpSwapToToken);
                          excessAmountToToken = currentBalanceTo - initialBalancesList[i];
                          if (excessAmountToToken > 0 && tmpSwapToToken != request.toToken) {
                              _sendToken(tmpSwapToToken, excessAmountToToken, msg.sender);
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  function emitSwapEvent(SwapRequest memory request, uint output, address receiver) internal {
                      emit RangoSwap(
                          request.requestId,
                          request.fromToken,
                          request.toToken,
                          request.amountIn,
                          request.minimumAmountExpected,
                          request.dAppTag,
                          output,
                          receiver,
                          request.dAppName
                      );
                  }
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
              pragma solidity 0.8.25;
              /// @title Reentrancy Guard
              /// @author 
              /// @notice Abstract contract to provide protection against reentrancy
              abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
                  /// Storage ///
                  bytes32 private constant NAMESPACE = keccak256("exchange.rango.reentrancyguard");
                  /// Types ///
                  struct ReentrancyStorage {
                      uint256 status;
                  }
                  /// Errors ///
                  error ReentrancyError();
                  /// Constants ///
                  uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 0;
                  uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 1;
                  /// Modifiers ///
                  modifier nonReentrant() {
                      ReentrancyStorage storage s = reentrancyStorage();
                      if (s.status == _ENTERED) revert ReentrancyError();
                      s.status = _ENTERED;
                      _;
                      s.status = _NOT_ENTERED;
                  }
                  /// Private Methods ///
                  /// @dev fetch local storage
                  function reentrancyStorage() private pure returns (ReentrancyStorage storage data) {
                      bytes32 position = NAMESPACE;
                      // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                      assembly {
                          data.slot := position
                      }
                  }
              }
              

              File 5 of 5: Wormhole
              // contracts/Wormhole.sol
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache 2
              pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
              import "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol";
              contract Wormhole is ERC1967Proxy {
                  constructor (address implementation, bytes memory initData) ERC1967Proxy(
                      implementation,
                      initData
                  ) { }
              }// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
              import "../Proxy.sol";
              import "./ERC1967Upgrade.sol";
              /**
               * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
               * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
               * implementation behind the proxy.
               */
              contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
                  /**
                   * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
                   *
                   * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
                   * function call, and allows initializating the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
                   */
                  constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
                      assert(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT == bytes32(uint256(keccak256("eip1967.proxy.implementation")) - 1));
                      _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
                   */
                  function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
                      return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
                  }
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
              import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
              import "../../utils/Address.sol";
              import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";
              /**
               * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
               *
               * _Available since v4.1._
               *
               * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow delegatecall
               */
              abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade {
                  // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
                  bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;
                  /**
                   * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
                   * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
                   * validated in the constructor.
                   */
                  bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
                  /**
                   * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
                   */
                  event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
                   */
                  function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
                      return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
                   */
                  function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                      require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
                      StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
                   *
                   * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
                   */
                  function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
                      _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                      emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
                   *
                   * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
                   */
                  function _upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                      _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                      emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
                      if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                          Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
                   *
                   * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
                   */
                  function _upgradeToAndCallSecure(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                      address oldImplementation = _getImplementation();
                      // Initial upgrade and setup call
                      _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                      if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                          Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                      }
                      // Perform rollback test if not already in progress
                      StorageSlot.BooleanSlot storage rollbackTesting = StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT);
                      if (!rollbackTesting.value) {
                          // Trigger rollback using upgradeTo from the new implementation
                          rollbackTesting.value = true;
                          Address.functionDelegateCall(
                              newImplementation,
                              abi.encodeWithSignature(
                                  "upgradeTo(address)",
                                  oldImplementation
                              )
                          );
                          rollbackTesting.value = false;
                          // Check rollback was effective
                          require(oldImplementation == _getImplementation(), "ERC1967Upgrade: upgrade breaks further upgrades");
                          // Finally reset to the new implementation and log the upgrade
                          _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                          emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
                   * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
                   *
                   * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
                   */
                  function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                      _setBeacon(newBeacon);
                      emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
                      if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                          Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
                   * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
                   * validated in the constructor.
                   */
                  bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
                  /**
                   * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
                   */
                  event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the current admin.
                   */
                  function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
                      return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
                   */
                  function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
                      require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
                      StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
                   *
                   * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
                   */
                  function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
                      emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
                      _setAdmin(newAdmin);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
                   * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
                   */
                  bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
                  /**
                   * @dev Emitted when the beacon is upgraded.
                   */
                  event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns the current beacon.
                   */
                  function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
                      return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
                   */
                  function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
                      require(
                          Address.isContract(newBeacon),
                          "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract"
                      );
                      require(
                          Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
                          "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
                      );
                      StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
                  }
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
              /**
               * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
               * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
               * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
               *
               * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
               * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
               *
               * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
               */
              abstract contract Proxy {
                  /**
                   * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
                   *
                   * This function does not return to its internall call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                   */
                  function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
                      // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                      assembly {
                          // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                          // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                          // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                          calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                          // Call the implementation.
                          // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                          let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                          // Copy the returned data.
                          returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                          switch result
                          // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                          case 0 { revert(0, returndatasize()) }
                          default { return(0, returndatasize()) }
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overriden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
                   * and {_fallback} should delegate.
                   */
                  function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
                  /**
                   * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
                   *
                   * This function does not return to its internall call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                   */
                  function _fallback() internal virtual {
                      _beforeFallback();
                      _delegate(_implementation());
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
                   * function in the contract matches the call data.
                   */
                  fallback () external payable virtual {
                      _fallback();
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
                   * is empty.
                   */
                  receive () external payable virtual {
                      _fallback();
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
                   * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
                   *
                   * If overriden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
                   */
                  function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {
                  }
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
              /**
               * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
               */
              interface IBeacon {
                  /**
                   * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
                   *
                   * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
                   */
                  function implementation() external view returns (address);
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
              /**
               * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
               */
              library Address {
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
                   *
                   * [IMPORTANT]
                   * ====
                   * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
                   * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
                   *
                   * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
                   * types of addresses:
                   *
                   *  - an externally-owned account
                   *  - a contract in construction
                   *  - an address where a contract will be created
                   *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                   * ====
                   */
                  function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                      // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
                      // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
                      // constructor execution.
                      uint256 size;
                      // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                      assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
                      return size > 0;
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                   * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                   *
                   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                   * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                   * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                   * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                   *
                   * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                   *
                   * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                   * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                   * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                   * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                   */
                  function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                      require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                      // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
                      (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
                      require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                   * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                   * function instead.
                   *
                   * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
                   * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
                   *
                   * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                   * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                   *
                   * Requirements:
                   *
                   * - `target` must be a contract.
                   * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.1._
                   */
                  function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                    return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
                   * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.1._
                   */
                  function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                   * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                   *
                   * Requirements:
                   *
                   * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                   * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.1._
                   */
                  function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
                   * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.1._
                   */
                  function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                      require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                      // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                      (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: value }(data);
                      return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                   * but performing a static call.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.3._
                   */
                  function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                      return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                   * but performing a static call.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.3._
                   */
                  function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                      require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
                      // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                      (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                      return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                   * but performing a delegate call.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.4._
                   */
                  function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                   * but performing a delegate call.
                   *
                   * _Available since v3.4._
                   */
                  function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                      require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
                      // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                      (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                      return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                  }
                  function _verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure returns(bytes memory) {
                      if (success) {
                          return returndata;
                      } else {
                          // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                          if (returndata.length > 0) {
                              // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                              // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                              assembly {
                                  let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                                  revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                              }
                          } else {
                              revert(errorMessage);
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
              // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
              pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
              /**
               * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
               *
               * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
               * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
               *
               * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
               *
               * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
               * ```
               * contract ERC1967 {
               *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
               *
               *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
               *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
               *     }
               *
               *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
               *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
               *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
               *     }
               * }
               * ```
               *
               * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, and `uint256`._
               */
              library StorageSlot {
                  struct AddressSlot {
                      address value;
                  }
                  struct BooleanSlot {
                      bool value;
                  }
                  struct Bytes32Slot {
                      bytes32 value;
                  }
                  struct Uint256Slot {
                      uint256 value;
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                   */
                  function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
                      assembly {
                          r.slot := slot
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                   */
                  function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
                      assembly {
                          r.slot := slot
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                   */
                  function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
                      assembly {
                          r.slot := slot
                      }
                  }
                  /**
                   * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                   */
                  function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
                      assembly {
                          r.slot := slot
                      }
                  }
              }