ETH Price: $3,407.75 (+2.48%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
23387319 at Sep-18-2025 03:36:59 AM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.000039591092914009 ETH $0.13
Gas Used:
96,383 Gas / 0.410768423 Gwei

Emitted Events:

323 FiatTokenProxy.0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef( 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef, 0x000000000000000000000000ee7ae85f2fe2239e27d9c1e23fffe168d63b4055, 0x0000000000000000000000009976c4f71607ed813a0fa47a084db7e0b85fbe7c, 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000fc3f320 )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
0x28C6c062...43bf21d60
(Binance 14)
221,882.720630962536910974 Eth
Nonce: 13595755
221,882.720591371443996965 Eth
Nonce: 13595756
0.000039591092914009
(Titan Builder)
11.555781687989097194 Eth11.555800964589097194 Eth0.0000192766
0xA0b86991...E3606eB48

Execution Trace

ERC1967Proxy.b61d27f6( )
  • SingleOwnerMSCA.execute( target=0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48, value=0, data=0xA9059CBB0000000000000000000000009976C4F71607ED813A0FA47A084DB7E0B85FBE7C000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000FC3F320 ) => ( returnData=0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 )
    • FiatTokenProxy.01ffc9a7( )
      • FiatTokenV2_2.01ffc9a7( )
      • FiatTokenProxy.a9059cbb( )
        • FiatTokenV2_2.transfer( to=0x9976C4F71607ED813A0FA47A084Db7E0B85FBE7c, value=264500000 ) => ( True )
          File 1 of 4: ERC1967Proxy
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          import "../Proxy.sol";
          import "./ERC1967Upgrade.sol";
          /**
           * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
           * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
           * implementation behind the proxy.
           */
          contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
              /**
               * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
               *
               * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
               * function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
               */
              constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
                  _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
               */
              function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
                  return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
           * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
           * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
           *
           * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
           * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
           *
           * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
           */
          abstract contract Proxy {
              /**
               * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
               *
               * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
               */
              function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
                  assembly {
                      // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                      // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                      // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                      calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                      // Call the implementation.
                      // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                      let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                      // Copy the returned data.
                      returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                      switch result
                      // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                      case 0 {
                          revert(0, returndatasize())
                      }
                      default {
                          return(0, returndatasize())
                      }
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
               * and {_fallback} should delegate.
               */
              function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
              /**
               * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
               *
               * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
               */
              function _fallback() internal virtual {
                  _beforeFallback();
                  _delegate(_implementation());
              }
              /**
               * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
               * function in the contract matches the call data.
               */
              fallback() external payable virtual {
                  _fallback();
              }
              /**
               * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
               * is empty.
               */
              receive() external payable virtual {
                  _fallback();
              }
              /**
               * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
               * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
               *
               * If overridden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
               */
              function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {}
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
          import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
          import "../../interfaces/IERC1967.sol";
          import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
          import "../../utils/Address.sol";
          import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";
          /**
           * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
           *
           * _Available since v4.1._
           */
          abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade is IERC1967 {
              // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
              bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;
              /**
               * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
               * validated in the constructor.
               */
              bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
              /**
               * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
               */
              function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
                  return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
               */
              function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                  require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
                  StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
               *
               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
               */
              function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
                  _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                  emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
               *
               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
               */
              function _upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                  _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                  if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                      Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
               *
               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
               */
              function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                  // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
                  // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
                  // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
                  if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
                      _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                  } else {
                      try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                          require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
                      } catch {
                          revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
                      }
                      _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
               * validated in the constructor.
               */
              bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
              /**
               * @dev Returns the current admin.
               */
              function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
                  return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
               */
              function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
                  require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
                  StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
               *
               * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
               */
              function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
                  emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
                  _setAdmin(newAdmin);
              }
              /**
               * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
               * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
               */
              bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
              /**
               * @dev Returns the current beacon.
               */
              function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
                  return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
               */
              function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
                  require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
                  require(
                      Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
                      "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
                  );
                  StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
               * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
               *
               * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
               */
              function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                  _setBeacon(newBeacon);
                  emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
                  if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                      Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
                  }
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
           */
          interface IBeacon {
              /**
               * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
               *
               * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
               */
              function implementation() external view returns (address);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
           *
           * _Available since v4.8.3._
           */
          interface IERC1967 {
              /**
               * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
               */
              event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
              /**
               * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
               */
              event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
              /**
               * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
               */
              event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
           * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
           */
          interface IERC1822Proxiable {
              /**
               * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
               * address.
               *
               * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
               * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
               * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
               */
              function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
          /**
           * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
           */
          library Address {
              /**
               * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
               *
               * [IMPORTANT]
               * ====
               * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
               * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
               *
               * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
               * types of addresses:
               *
               *  - an externally-owned account
               *  - a contract in construction
               *  - an address where a contract will be created
               *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
               *
               * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
               * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
               * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
               * ====
               *
               * [IMPORTANT]
               * ====
               * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
               *
               * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
               * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
               * constructor.
               * ====
               */
              function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                  // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
                  // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
                  // of the constructor execution.
                  return account.code.length > 0;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
               * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
               *
               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
               * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
               * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
               * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
               *
               * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
               *
               * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
               * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
               * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
               * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
               */
              function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                  require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                  (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                  require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
               * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
               * function instead.
               *
               * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
               * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
               *
               * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
               * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - `target` must be a contract.
               * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
               * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCall(
                  address target,
                  bytes memory data,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
               * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
               * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
               * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCallWithValue(
                  address target,
                  bytes memory data,
                  uint256 value,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                  return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a static call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.3._
               */
              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a static call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.3._
               */
              function functionStaticCall(
                  address target,
                  bytes memory data,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                  return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a delegate call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a delegate call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function functionDelegateCall(
                  address target,
                  bytes memory data,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                  return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
               * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
               *
               * _Available since v4.8._
               */
              function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                  address target,
                  bool success,
                  bytes memory returndata,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                  if (success) {
                      if (returndata.length == 0) {
                          // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                          // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                          require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                      }
                      return returndata;
                  } else {
                      _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
               * revert reason or using the provided one.
               *
               * _Available since v4.3._
               */
              function verifyCallResult(
                  bool success,
                  bytes memory returndata,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                  if (success) {
                      return returndata;
                  } else {
                      _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
                  }
              }
              function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
                  // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                  if (returndata.length > 0) {
                      // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                      /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                      assembly {
                          let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                          revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                      }
                  } else {
                      revert(errorMessage);
                  }
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
          // This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
           *
           * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
           * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
           *
           * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
           *
           * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
           * ```solidity
           * contract ERC1967 {
           *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
           *
           *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
           *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
           *     }
           *
           *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
           *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
           *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
           *     }
           * }
           * ```
           *
           * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, `uint256`._
           * _Available since v4.9 for `string`, `bytes`._
           */
          library StorageSlot {
              struct AddressSlot {
                  address value;
              }
              struct BooleanSlot {
                  bool value;
              }
              struct Bytes32Slot {
                  bytes32 value;
              }
              struct Uint256Slot {
                  uint256 value;
              }
              struct StringSlot {
                  string value;
              }
              struct BytesSlot {
                  bytes value;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
               */
              function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := store.slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
               */
              function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := store.slot
                  }
              }
          }
          

          File 2 of 4: FiatTokenProxy
          pragma solidity ^0.4.24;
          
          // File: zos-lib/contracts/upgradeability/Proxy.sol
          
          /**
           * @title Proxy
           * @dev Implements delegation of calls to other contracts, with proper
           * forwarding of return values and bubbling of failures.
           * It defines a fallback function that delegates all calls to the address
           * returned by the abstract _implementation() internal function.
           */
          contract Proxy {
            /**
             * @dev Fallback function.
             * Implemented entirely in `_fallback`.
             */
            function () payable external {
              _fallback();
            }
          
            /**
             * @return The Address of the implementation.
             */
            function _implementation() internal view returns (address);
          
            /**
             * @dev Delegates execution to an implementation contract.
             * This is a low level function that doesn't return to its internal call site.
             * It will return to the external caller whatever the implementation returns.
             * @param implementation Address to delegate.
             */
            function _delegate(address implementation) internal {
              assembly {
                // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize)
          
                // Call the implementation.
                // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                let result := delegatecall(gas, implementation, 0, calldatasize, 0, 0)
          
                // Copy the returned data.
                returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize)
          
                switch result
                // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                case 0 { revert(0, returndatasize) }
                default { return(0, returndatasize) }
              }
            }
          
            /**
             * @dev Function that is run as the first thing in the fallback function.
             * Can be redefined in derived contracts to add functionality.
             * Redefinitions must call super._willFallback().
             */
            function _willFallback() internal {
            }
          
            /**
             * @dev fallback implementation.
             * Extracted to enable manual triggering.
             */
            function _fallback() internal {
              _willFallback();
              _delegate(_implementation());
            }
          }
          
          // File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/AddressUtils.sol
          
          /**
           * Utility library of inline functions on addresses
           */
          library AddressUtils {
          
            /**
             * Returns whether the target address is a contract
             * @dev This function will return false if invoked during the constructor of a contract,
             * as the code is not actually created until after the constructor finishes.
             * @param addr address to check
             * @return whether the target address is a contract
             */
            function isContract(address addr) internal view returns (bool) {
              uint256 size;
              // XXX Currently there is no better way to check if there is a contract in an address
              // than to check the size of the code at that address.
              // See https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/a/14016/36603
              // for more details about how this works.
              // TODO Check this again before the Serenity release, because all addresses will be
              // contracts then.
              // solium-disable-next-line security/no-inline-assembly
              assembly { size := extcodesize(addr) }
              return size > 0;
            }
          
          }
          
          // File: zos-lib/contracts/upgradeability/UpgradeabilityProxy.sol
          
          /**
           * @title UpgradeabilityProxy
           * @dev This contract implements a proxy that allows to change the
           * implementation address to which it will delegate.
           * Such a change is called an implementation upgrade.
           */
          contract UpgradeabilityProxy is Proxy {
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
             * @param implementation Address of the new implementation.
             */
            event Upgraded(address implementation);
          
            /**
             * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
             * This is the keccak-256 hash of "org.zeppelinos.proxy.implementation", and is
             * validated in the constructor.
             */
            bytes32 private constant IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x7050c9e0f4ca769c69bd3a8ef740bc37934f8e2c036e5a723fd8ee048ed3f8c3;
          
            /**
             * @dev Contract constructor.
             * @param _implementation Address of the initial implementation.
             */
            constructor(address _implementation) public {
              assert(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT == keccak256("org.zeppelinos.proxy.implementation"));
          
              _setImplementation(_implementation);
            }
          
            /**
             * @dev Returns the current implementation.
             * @return Address of the current implementation
             */
            function _implementation() internal view returns (address impl) {
              bytes32 slot = IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
              assembly {
                impl := sload(slot)
              }
            }
          
            /**
             * @dev Upgrades the proxy to a new implementation.
             * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
             */
            function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
              _setImplementation(newImplementation);
              emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
            }
          
            /**
             * @dev Sets the implementation address of the proxy.
             * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
             */
            function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
              require(AddressUtils.isContract(newImplementation), "Cannot set a proxy implementation to a non-contract address");
          
              bytes32 slot = IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
          
              assembly {
                sstore(slot, newImplementation)
              }
            }
          }
          
          // File: zos-lib/contracts/upgradeability/AdminUpgradeabilityProxy.sol
          
          /**
           * @title AdminUpgradeabilityProxy
           * @dev This contract combines an upgradeability proxy with an authorization
           * mechanism for administrative tasks.
           * All external functions in this contract must be guarded by the
           * `ifAdmin` modifier. See ethereum/solidity#3864 for a Solidity
           * feature proposal that would enable this to be done automatically.
           */
          contract AdminUpgradeabilityProxy is UpgradeabilityProxy {
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when the administration has been transferred.
             * @param previousAdmin Address of the previous admin.
             * @param newAdmin Address of the new admin.
             */
            event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
          
            /**
             * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
             * This is the keccak-256 hash of "org.zeppelinos.proxy.admin", and is
             * validated in the constructor.
             */
            bytes32 private constant ADMIN_SLOT = 0x10d6a54a4754c8869d6886b5f5d7fbfa5b4522237ea5c60d11bc4e7a1ff9390b;
          
            /**
             * @dev Modifier to check whether the `msg.sender` is the admin.
             * If it is, it will run the function. Otherwise, it will delegate the call
             * to the implementation.
             */
            modifier ifAdmin() {
              if (msg.sender == _admin()) {
                _;
              } else {
                _fallback();
              }
            }
          
            /**
             * Contract constructor.
             * It sets the `msg.sender` as the proxy administrator.
             * @param _implementation address of the initial implementation.
             */
            constructor(address _implementation) UpgradeabilityProxy(_implementation) public {
              assert(ADMIN_SLOT == keccak256("org.zeppelinos.proxy.admin"));
          
              _setAdmin(msg.sender);
            }
          
            /**
             * @return The address of the proxy admin.
             */
            function admin() external view ifAdmin returns (address) {
              return _admin();
            }
          
            /**
             * @return The address of the implementation.
             */
            function implementation() external view ifAdmin returns (address) {
              return _implementation();
            }
          
            /**
             * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
             * Only the current admin can call this function.
             * @param newAdmin Address to transfer proxy administration to.
             */
            function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) external ifAdmin {
              require(newAdmin != address(0), "Cannot change the admin of a proxy to the zero address");
              emit AdminChanged(_admin(), newAdmin);
              _setAdmin(newAdmin);
            }
          
            /**
             * @dev Upgrade the backing implementation of the proxy.
             * Only the admin can call this function.
             * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
             */
            function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external ifAdmin {
              _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
            }
          
            /**
             * @dev Upgrade the backing implementation of the proxy and call a function
             * on the new implementation.
             * This is useful to initialize the proxied contract.
             * @param newImplementation Address of the new implementation.
             * @param data Data to send as msg.data in the low level call.
             * It should include the signature and the parameters of the function to be
             * called, as described in
             * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/develop/abi-spec.html#function-selector-and-argument-encoding.
             */
            function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes data) payable external ifAdmin {
              _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
              require(address(this).call.value(msg.value)(data));
            }
          
            /**
             * @return The admin slot.
             */
            function _admin() internal view returns (address adm) {
              bytes32 slot = ADMIN_SLOT;
              assembly {
                adm := sload(slot)
              }
            }
          
            /**
             * @dev Sets the address of the proxy admin.
             * @param newAdmin Address of the new proxy admin.
             */
            function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
              bytes32 slot = ADMIN_SLOT;
          
              assembly {
                sstore(slot, newAdmin)
              }
            }
          
            /**
             * @dev Only fall back when the sender is not the admin.
             */
            function _willFallback() internal {
              require(msg.sender != _admin(), "Cannot call fallback function from the proxy admin");
              super._willFallback();
            }
          }
          
          // File: contracts/FiatTokenProxy.sol
          
          /**
          * Copyright CENTRE SECZ 2018
          *
          * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy 
          * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal 
          * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights 
          * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell 
          * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to 
          * do so, subject to the following conditions:
          *
          * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 
          * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
          *
          * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
          * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
          * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
          * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
          * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN 
          * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
          */
          
          pragma solidity ^0.4.24;
          
          
          /**
           * @title FiatTokenProxy
           * @dev This contract proxies FiatToken calls and enables FiatToken upgrades
          */ 
          contract FiatTokenProxy is AdminUpgradeabilityProxy {
              constructor(address _implementation) public AdminUpgradeabilityProxy(_implementation) {
              }
          }

          File 3 of 4: SingleOwnerMSCA
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {Create2FailedDeployment, InvalidInitializationInput} from "../../../shared/common/Errors.sol";
          import {SingleOwnerMSCA} from "../../account/semi/SingleOwnerMSCA.sol";
          import {PluginManager} from "../../managers/PluginManager.sol";
          import {IEntryPoint} from "@account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/IEntryPoint.sol";
          import {ERC1967Proxy} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol";
          import {Create2} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Create2.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Account factory that creates the semi-MSCA that enshrines single owner into the account storage.
           *      No plugin installation is required during account creation.
           */
          contract SingleOwnerMSCAFactory {
              // logic implementation
              SingleOwnerMSCA public immutable ACCOUNT_IMPLEMENTATION;
              IEntryPoint public immutable ENTRY_POINT;
              event FactoryDeployed(address indexed factory, address accountImplementation, address entryPoint);
              event AccountCreated(address indexed proxy, address sender, bytes32 salt);
              /**
               * @dev Salted deterministic deployment using create2 and a specific logic SingleOwnerMSCA implementation.
               *      Tx/userOp is either gated by userOpValidationFunction or runtimeValidationFunction, and SingleOwnerMSCA
               *      is a minimum account with a pre built-in owner validation, so we do not require the user to install any
               * plugins
               *      during the deployment. No hooks can be injected during the account deployment, so for a future installation
               *      of more complicated plugins, please call installPlugin via a separate tx/userOp after account deployment.
               */
              constructor(address _entryPointAddr, address _pluginManagerAddr) {
                  ENTRY_POINT = IEntryPoint(_entryPointAddr);
                  PluginManager _pluginManager = PluginManager(_pluginManagerAddr);
                  ACCOUNT_IMPLEMENTATION = new SingleOwnerMSCA(ENTRY_POINT, _pluginManager);
                  emit FactoryDeployed(address(this), address(ACCOUNT_IMPLEMENTATION), _entryPointAddr);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Salted deterministic deployment using create2 and a specific logic SingleOwnerMSCA implementation.
               *      Tx/userOp is either gated by userOpValidationFunction or runtimeValidationFunction, and SingleOwnerMSCA
               *      is a minimum account with a pre built-in owner validation, so we do not require the user to install any
               * plugins
               *      during the deployment. No hooks can be injected during the account deployment, so for a future installation
               *      of more complicated plugins, please call installPlugin via a separate tx/userOp after account deployment.
               * @param _sender sender of the account deployment tx, it could be set to owner. If you don't have the owner
               * information during account creation,
               *                please use something unique, consistent and private to yourself. In the context of single owner
               * semi-MSCA, this field is mostly
               *                for consistency because we also use owner to mix the salt.
               * @param _salt salt that allows for deterministic deployment
               * @param _initializingData abi.encode(address), address should not be zero
               */
              function createAccount(address _sender, bytes32 _salt, bytes memory _initializingData)
                  public
                  returns (SingleOwnerMSCA account)
              {
                  address owner = abi.decode(_initializingData, (address));
                  (address counterfactualAddr, bytes32 mixedSalt) = _getAddress(_sender, _salt, owner);
                  if (counterfactualAddr.code.length > 0) {
                      return SingleOwnerMSCA(payable(counterfactualAddr));
                  }
                  // only perform implementation upgrade by setting empty _data in ERC1967Proxy
                  // meanwhile we also initialize proxy storage, which calls PluginManager._installPlugin directly to bypass
                  // validateNativeFunction checks
                  account = SingleOwnerMSCA(
                      payable(
                          new ERC1967Proxy{salt: mixedSalt}(
                              address(ACCOUNT_IMPLEMENTATION), abi.encodeCall(SingleOwnerMSCA.initializeSingleOwnerMSCA, (owner))
                          )
                      )
                  );
                  if (address(account) != counterfactualAddr) {
                      revert Create2FailedDeployment();
                  }
                  emit AccountCreated(counterfactualAddr, _sender, _salt);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Pre-compute the counterfactual address prior to calling createAccount.
               *      After decoding, owner is used in salt, byteCodeHash and func init call to minimize the front-running risk.
               * @param _sender sender of the account deployment tx, it could be set to owner. If you don't have the owner
               * information during account creation,
               *                please use something unique, consistent and private to yourself. In the context of single owner
               * semi-MSCA, this field is mostly
               *                for consistency because we also use owner to mix the salt.
               * @param _salt salt that allows for deterministic deployment
               * @param _initializingData abi.encode(address), address should not be zero
               */
              function getAddress(address _sender, bytes32 _salt, bytes memory _initializingData)
                  public
                  view
                  returns (address addr, bytes32 mixedSalt)
              {
                  address owner = abi.decode(_initializingData, (address));
                  return _getAddress(_sender, _salt, owner);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Pre-compute the counterfactual address prior to calling createAccount.
               *      After decoding, owner is used in salt, byteCodeHash and func init call to minimize the front-running risk.
               * @param _sender sender of the account deployment tx, it could be set to owner. If you don't have the owner
               * information during account creation,
               *                please use something unique, consistent and private to yourself. In the context of single owner
               * semi-MSCA, this field is mostly
               *                for consistency because we also use owner to mix the salt.
               * @param _salt salt that allows for deterministic deployment
               * @param _owner owner of the semi MSCA
               */
              function _getAddress(address _sender, bytes32 _salt, address _owner)
                  internal
                  view
                  returns (address addr, bytes32 mixedSalt)
              {
                  if (_owner == address(0)) {
                      revert InvalidInitializationInput();
                  }
                  mixedSalt = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_sender, _owner, _salt));
                  bytes32 code = keccak256(
                      abi.encodePacked(
                          type(ERC1967Proxy).creationCode,
                          abi.encode(
                              address(ACCOUNT_IMPLEMENTATION), abi.encodeCall(SingleOwnerMSCA.initializeSingleOwnerMSCA, (_owner))
                          )
                      )
                  );
                  addr = Create2.computeAddress(mixedSalt, code, address(this));
                  return (addr, mixedSalt);
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          /**
           * @notice Throws when the selector is not found.
           */
          error NotFoundSelector();
          /**
           * @notice Throws when authorizer is invalid.
           */
          error InvalidAuthorizer();
          error InvalidValidationFunctionId(uint8 functionId);
          error InvalidFunctionReference();
          error ItemAlreadyExists();
          error ItemDoesNotExist();
          error InvalidLimit();
          error InvalidExecutionFunction(bytes4 selector);
          error InvalidInitializationInput();
          error Create2FailedDeployment();
          error NotImplemented(bytes4 selector, uint8 functionId);
          error InvalidItem();
          // v2 NotImplemented
          error NotImplementedFunction(bytes4 selector, uint32 entityId);
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {DefaultCallbackHandler} from "../../../../../callback/DefaultCallbackHandler.sol";
          import {
              EIP1271_INVALID_SIGNATURE,
              EIP1271_VALID_SIGNATURE,
              EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE,
              EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE,
              SENTINEL_BYTES21,
              SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED,
              SIG_VALIDATION_SUCCEEDED,
              WALLET_VERSION_1
          } from "../../../../../common/Constants.sol";
          import {UnauthorizedCaller} from "../../../../../common/Errors.sol";
          import {ExecutionUtils} from "../../../../../utils/ExecutionUtils.sol";
          import {InvalidAuthorizer, InvalidValidationFunctionId, NotFoundSelector} from "../../../shared/common/Errors.sol";
          import {ValidationData} from "../../../shared/common/Structs.sol";
          import {ValidationDataLib} from "../../../shared/libs/ValidationDataLib.sol";
          import {
              PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE,
              RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
          } from "../../common/Constants.sol";
          import {ExecutionDetail, FunctionReference, RepeatableBytes21DLL} from "../../common/Structs.sol";
          import {IPlugin} from "../../interfaces/IPlugin.sol";
          import {FunctionReferenceLib} from "../../libs/FunctionReferenceLib.sol";
          import {RepeatableFunctionReferenceDLLLib} from "../../libs/RepeatableFunctionReferenceDLLLib.sol";
          import {WalletStorageV1Lib} from "../../libs/WalletStorageV1Lib.sol";
          import {PluginManager} from "../../managers/PluginManager.sol";
          import {BaseMSCA} from "../BaseMSCA.sol";
          import {IEntryPoint} from "@account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/IEntryPoint.sol";
          import {UserOperation} from "@account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/UserOperation.sol";
          import {UUPSUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol";
          import {IERC1271} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC1271.sol";
          import {IERC1155Receiver} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC1155/IERC1155Receiver.sol";
          import {IERC721Receiver} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol";
          import {ECDSA} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";
          import {BaseERC712CompliantAccount} from "../../../../../erc712/BaseERC712CompliantAccount.sol";
          import {SignatureChecker} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/SignatureChecker.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Semi-MSCA that enshrines single owner into the account storage.
           */
          contract SingleOwnerMSCA is BaseMSCA, DefaultCallbackHandler, UUPSUpgradeable, IERC1271, BaseERC712CompliantAccount {
              using ExecutionUtils for address;
              using ECDSA for bytes32;
              using RepeatableFunctionReferenceDLLLib for RepeatableBytes21DLL;
              using FunctionReferenceLib for bytes21;
              using FunctionReferenceLib for FunctionReference;
              using ValidationDataLib for ValidationData;
              enum FunctionId {
                  NATIVE_RUNTIME_VALIDATION_OWNER_OR_SELF,
                  NATIVE_USER_OP_VALIDATION_OWNER
              }
              string public constant NAME = "Circle_SingleOwnerMSCA";
              bytes32 private constant _HASHED_NAME = keccak256(bytes(NAME));
              bytes32 private constant _HASHED_VERSION = keccak256(bytes(WALLET_VERSION_1));
              bytes32 private constant _MESSAGE_TYPEHASH = keccak256("CircleSingleOwnerMSCAMessage(bytes32 hash)");
              event SingleOwnerMSCAInitialized(address indexed account, address indexed entryPointAddress, address owner);
              event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed account, address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
              error InvalidOwnerForMSCA(address account, address owner);
              error NoOwnershipPluginDefined();
              /**
               * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
               */
              modifier onlyFromEntryPointOrOwnerOrSelf() {
                  _checkFromEPOrOwnerOrSelf();
                  _;
              }
              constructor(IEntryPoint _newEntryPoint, PluginManager _newPluginManager)
                  BaseMSCA(_newEntryPoint, _newPluginManager)
              {}
              /// @notice Initializes the account with a set of plugins
              /// @dev No dependencies or hooks can be injected with this installation. For a full installation, please use
              /// installPlugin.
              /// @param owner The initial owner
              function initializeSingleOwnerMSCA(address owner) external walletStorageInitializer {
                  if (owner == address(0)) {
                      revert InvalidOwnerForMSCA(address(this), owner);
                  }
                  _transferNativeOwnership(owner);
                  emit SingleOwnerMSCAInitialized(address(this), address(ENTRY_POINT), owner);
              }
              /// @inheritdoc IERC1271
              function isValidSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) external view override returns (bytes4) {
                  address owner = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().owner;
                  if (owner == address(0)) {
                      ExecutionDetail storage executionDetail =
                          WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().executionDetails[IERC1271.isValidSignature.selector];
                      // this is a sanity check only, as using address(0) as a plugin is not permitted during installation
                      if (executionDetail.plugin == address(0)) {
                          return EIP1271_INVALID_SIGNATURE;
                      }
                      // isValidSignature is installed via plugin, so it should fallback to the plugin
                      (bool success, bytes memory returnData) =
                          executionDetail.plugin.staticcall(abi.encodeCall(IERC1271.isValidSignature, (hash, signature)));
                      if (!success) {
                          return EIP1271_INVALID_SIGNATURE;
                      }
                      return abi.decode(returnData, (bytes4));
                  } else {
                      // use address(this) to prevent replay attacks
                      bytes32 replaySafeHash = getReplaySafeMessageHash(hash);
                      if (SignatureChecker.isValidSignatureNow(owner, replaySafeHash, signature)) {
                          return EIP1271_VALID_SIGNATURE;
                      }
                      return EIP1271_INVALID_SIGNATURE;
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
               * Can only be called by the current msg.sender.
               */
              function transferNativeOwnership(address newOwner) public onlyFromEntryPointOrOwnerOrSelf validateNativeFunction {
                  if (newOwner == address(0)) {
                      revert InvalidOwnerForMSCA(address(this), newOwner);
                  }
                  _transferNativeOwnership(newOwner);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. Can only be initiated by the current owner.
               *
               * NOTE: Irreversible. Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
               * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner. Please
               * make sure you've already have other backup validations before calling this method.
               * If the user wants to switch to the validations provided by plugins, please call this
               * function after you install the plugin, so owner will be disabled.
               */
              function renounceNativeOwnership() public onlyFromEntryPointOrOwnerOrSelf validateNativeFunction {
                  // we need a ownership plugin in place before renouncing native ownership
                  if (WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().executionDetails[IERC1271.isValidSignature.selector].plugin == address(0)) {
                      revert NoOwnershipPluginDefined();
                  }
                  _transferNativeOwnership(address(0));
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the current owner.
               */
              function getNativeOwner() public view returns (address) {
                  return WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().owner;
              }
              function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
                  public
                  view
                  override(BaseMSCA, DefaultCallbackHandler)
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  // BaseMSCA has already implemented ERC165
                  return BaseMSCA.supportsInterface(interfaceId) || interfaceId == type(IERC721Receiver).interfaceId
                      || interfaceId == type(IERC1155Receiver).interfaceId || interfaceId == type(IERC1271).interfaceId;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
               * Internal function without access restriction.
               */
              function _transferNativeOwnership(address newOwner) internal {
                  address oldOwner = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().owner;
                  WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().owner = newOwner;
                  emit OwnershipTransferred(address(this), oldOwner, newOwner);
              }
              /**
               * @dev We run the native validation function if it's enabled, otherwise we fallback to the plugin validation
               * functions.
               *      In either case, we run the hooks from plugins if there's any.
               */
              function _authenticateAndAuthorizeUserOp(UserOperation calldata userOp, bytes32 userOpHash)
                  internal
                  override
                  returns (uint256 validationData)
              {
                  // onlyFromEntryPoint is applied in the caller
                  // if there is no function defined for the selector, or if userOp.callData.length < 4, then execution MUST
                  // revert
                  if (userOp.callData.length < 4) {
                      revert NotFoundSelector();
                  }
                  bytes4 selector = bytes4(userOp.callData[0:4]);
                  if (selector == bytes4(0)) {
                      revert NotFoundSelector();
                  }
                  ExecutionDetail storage executionDetail = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().executionDetails[selector];
                  // check validation function for non native case first
                  FunctionReference memory validationFunction = executionDetail.userOpValidationFunction;
                  address owner = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().owner;
                  if (owner == address(0)) {
                      bytes21 packedValidationFunction = validationFunction.pack();
                      if (
                          packedValidationFunction == EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                              || packedValidationFunction == RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                              || packedValidationFunction == PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                      ) {
                          revert InvalidValidationFunctionId(validationFunction.functionId);
                      }
                  }
                  // pre hook
                  ValidationData memory unpackedValidationData =
                      _processPreUserOpValidationHooks(executionDetail, userOp, userOpHash);
                  uint256 currentValidationData;
                  // userOp validation
                  // no native validation function
                  if (owner == address(0)) {
                      IPlugin userOpValidatorPlugin = IPlugin(validationFunction.plugin);
                      // execute the validation function with the user operation and its hash as parameters using the call opcode
                      currentValidationData = userOpValidatorPlugin.userOpValidationFunction(
                          executionDetail.userOpValidationFunction.functionId, userOp, userOpHash
                      );
                  } else {
                      if (SignatureChecker.isValidSignatureNow(owner, userOpHash.toEthSignedMessageHash(), userOp.signature)) {
                          currentValidationData = SIG_VALIDATION_SUCCEEDED;
                      } else {
                          currentValidationData = SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED;
                      }
                  }
                  // intercept with last result
                  unpackedValidationData = unpackedValidationData._intersectValidationData(currentValidationData);
                  if (unpackedValidationData.authorizer != address(0) && unpackedValidationData.authorizer != address(1)) {
                      // only revert on unexpected values
                      revert InvalidAuthorizer();
                  }
                  validationData = unpackedValidationData._packValidationData();
              }
              function _processPreRuntimeHooksAndValidation(bytes4 selector) internal override {
                  if (msg.sender == address(ENTRY_POINT)) {
                      // ENTRY_POINT should go through validateUserOp flow which calls userOpValidationFunction
                      return;
                  }
                  ExecutionDetail storage executionDetail = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().executionDetails[selector];
                  FunctionReference memory validationFunction = executionDetail.runtimeValidationFunction;
                  RepeatableBytes21DLL storage preRuntimeValidationHooksDLL = executionDetail.preRuntimeValidationHooks;
                  uint256 totalUniqueHookCount = preRuntimeValidationHooksDLL.getUniqueItems();
                  FunctionReference memory startHook = EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE.unpack();
                  FunctionReference[] memory preRuntimeValidationHooks;
                  FunctionReference memory nextHook;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalUniqueHookCount; ++i) {
                      (preRuntimeValidationHooks, nextHook) = preRuntimeValidationHooksDLL.getPaginated(startHook, 10);
                      for (uint256 j = 0; j < preRuntimeValidationHooks.length; ++j) {
                          // revert on EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE, RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE,
                          // PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                          // if any revert, the outer call MUST revert
                          bytes21 packedPreRuntimeValidationHook = preRuntimeValidationHooks[j].pack();
                          if (
                              packedPreRuntimeValidationHook == EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                                  || packedPreRuntimeValidationHook == RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                                  || packedPreRuntimeValidationHook == PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                          ) {
                              revert InvalidValidationFunctionId(preRuntimeValidationHooks[j].functionId);
                          }
                          IPlugin preRuntimeValidationHookPlugin = IPlugin(preRuntimeValidationHooks[j].plugin);
                          // solhint-disable no-empty-blocks
                          try preRuntimeValidationHookPlugin.preRuntimeValidationHook(
                              preRuntimeValidationHooks[j].functionId, msg.sender, msg.value, msg.data
                          ) {} catch (bytes memory revertReason) {
                              revert PreRuntimeValidationHookFailed(
                                  preRuntimeValidationHooks[j].plugin, preRuntimeValidationHooks[j].functionId, revertReason
                              );
                          }
                          // solhint-enable no-empty-blocks
                      }
                      if (nextHook.pack() == SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                          break;
                      }
                      startHook = nextHook;
                  }
                  address owner = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().owner;
                  // no native validation function
                  if (owner == address(0)) {
                      bytes21 packedValidationFunction = validationFunction.pack();
                      if (
                          packedValidationFunction == EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                              || packedValidationFunction == PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                      ) {
                          revert InvalidValidationFunctionId(validationFunction.functionId);
                      }
                      // call runtimeValidationFunction if it's not always allowed
                      if (packedValidationFunction != RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE) {
                          // solhint-disable no-empty-blocks
                          try IPlugin(validationFunction.plugin).runtimeValidationFunction(
                              validationFunction.functionId, msg.sender, msg.value, msg.data
                          ) {} catch (bytes memory revertReason) {
                              revert RuntimeValidationFailed(
                                  validationFunction.plugin, validationFunction.functionId, revertReason
                              );
                          }
                          // solhint-enable no-empty-blocks
                      }
                      return;
                  } else {
                      // the msg.sender should be the owner of the account or itself
                      if (msg.sender == owner || msg.sender == address(this)) {
                          return;
                      } else {
                          revert UnauthorizedCaller();
                      }
                  }
              }
              /// @inheritdoc UUPSUpgradeable
              function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) public override onlyProxy validateNativeFunction {
                  _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
                  _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, new bytes(0), false);
              }
              /// @inheritdoc UUPSUpgradeable
              function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data)
                  public
                  payable
                  override
                  onlyProxy
                  validateNativeFunction
              {
                  _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
                  _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, data, true);
              }
              /**
               * @dev The function is overridden here so more granular ACLs to the upgrade mechanism should be enforced by
               * plugins.
               */
              // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
              function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal override {}
              function _processPreUserOpValidationHooks(
                  ExecutionDetail storage executionDetail,
                  UserOperation calldata userOp,
                  bytes32 userOpHash
              ) internal override returns (ValidationData memory unpackedValidationData) {
                  unpackedValidationData = ValidationData(0, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF, address(0));
                  // if the function selector has associated pre user operation validation hooks, then those hooks MUST be run
                  // sequentially
                  uint256 totalUniqueHookCount = executionDetail.preUserOpValidationHooks.getUniqueItems();
                  FunctionReference memory startHook = EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE.unpack();
                  FunctionReference[] memory preUserOpValidatorHooks;
                  FunctionReference memory nextHook;
                  uint256 currentValidationData;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalUniqueHookCount; ++i) {
                      (preUserOpValidatorHooks, nextHook) = executionDetail.preUserOpValidationHooks.getPaginated(startHook, 10);
                      for (uint256 j = 0; j < preUserOpValidatorHooks.length; ++j) {
                          bytes21 packedUserOpValidatorHook = preUserOpValidatorHooks[j].pack();
                          // if any revert, the outer call MUST revert
                          if (
                              packedUserOpValidatorHook == EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                                  || packedUserOpValidatorHook == RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                                  || packedUserOpValidatorHook == PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                          ) {
                              revert InvalidHookFunctionId(preUserOpValidatorHooks[j].functionId);
                          }
                          IPlugin preUserOpValidationHookPlugin = IPlugin(preUserOpValidatorHooks[j].plugin);
                          currentValidationData = preUserOpValidationHookPlugin.preUserOpValidationHook(
                              preUserOpValidatorHooks[j].functionId, userOp, userOpHash
                          );
                          unpackedValidationData = unpackedValidationData._intersectValidationData(currentValidationData);
                          // if any return an authorizer value other than 0 or 1, execution MUST revert
                          if (unpackedValidationData.authorizer != address(0) && unpackedValidationData.authorizer != address(1))
                          {
                              revert InvalidAuthorizer();
                          }
                      }
                      if (nextHook.pack() == SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                          break;
                      }
                      startHook = nextHook;
                  }
                  return unpackedValidationData;
              }
              function _checkFromEPOrOwnerOrSelf() internal view {
                  // all need to go through validation first, which means being initiated by the owner or account
                  if (
                      msg.sender != address(ENTRY_POINT) && msg.sender != WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().owner
                          && msg.sender != address(this)
                  ) {
                      revert UnauthorizedCaller();
                  }
              }
              /// @inheritdoc BaseERC712CompliantAccount
              function _getAccountTypeHash() internal pure override returns (bytes32) {
                  return _MESSAGE_TYPEHASH;
              }
              /// @inheritdoc BaseERC712CompliantAccount
              function _getAccountName() internal pure override returns (bytes32) {
                  return _HASHED_NAME;
              }
              /// @inheritdoc BaseERC712CompliantAccount
              function _getAccountVersion() internal pure override returns (bytes32) {
                  return _HASHED_VERSION;
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE} from "../../../../common/Constants.sol";
          import {InvalidFunctionReference} from "../../shared/common/Errors.sol";
          import {AddressDLL} from "../../shared/common/Structs.sol";
          import {AddressDLLLib} from "../../shared/libs/AddressDLLLib.sol";
          import {
              PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE,
              RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
          } from "../common/Constants.sol";
          import {
              ManifestAssociatedFunctionType,
              ManifestExecutionHook,
              ManifestExternalCallPermission,
              ManifestFunction,
              PluginManifest
          } from "../common/PluginManifest.sol";
          import {
              Bytes21DLL,
              FunctionReference,
              HookGroup,
              PermittedExternalCall,
              RepeatableBytes21DLL
          } from "../common/Structs.sol";
          import {IPlugin} from "../interfaces/IPlugin.sol";
          import {FunctionReferenceDLLLib} from "../libs/FunctionReferenceDLLLib.sol";
          import {FunctionReferenceLib} from "../libs/FunctionReferenceLib.sol";
          import {RepeatableFunctionReferenceDLLLib} from "../libs/RepeatableFunctionReferenceDLLLib.sol";
          import {SelectorRegistryLib} from "../libs/SelectorRegistryLib.sol";
          import {WalletStorageV1Lib} from "../libs/WalletStorageV1Lib.sol";
          import {ERC165Checker} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Default implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6900. MSCAs must implement this interface to
           * support installing and uninstalling plugins.
           */
          contract PluginManager {
              using AddressDLLLib for AddressDLL;
              using FunctionReferenceDLLLib for Bytes21DLL;
              using RepeatableFunctionReferenceDLLLib for RepeatableBytes21DLL;
              using FunctionReferenceLib for FunctionReference;
              using FunctionReferenceLib for bytes21;
              using SelectorRegistryLib for bytes4;
              /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable state-variable-assignment
              address private immutable SELF = address(this);
              enum AssociatedFunctionType {
                  HOOK,
                  VALIDATION_FUNCTION
              }
              error PluginNotImplementInterface();
              error InvalidPluginManifest();
              error InvalidPluginManifestHash();
              error InvalidPluginDependency(address plugin);
              error PluginUsedByOthers(address plugin);
              error ExecutionDetailAlreadySet(address plugin, bytes4 selector);
              error ExecuteFromPluginExternalAlreadySet(address plugin, address externalAddress);
              error ExecuteFromPluginExternalAlreadyUnset(address plugin, address externalAddress);
              error ValidationFunctionAlreadySet(bytes4 selector);
              error FailToCallOnInstall(address plugin, bytes revertReason);
              error OnlyDelegated();
              error HookDependencyNotPermitted();
              error InvalidExecutionSelector(address plugin, bytes4 selector);
              modifier onlyDelegated() {
                  if (address(this) == SELF) {
                      revert OnlyDelegated();
                  }
                  _;
              }
              /// @dev Refer to IPluginManager
              function install(
                  address plugin,
                  bytes32 manifestHash,
                  bytes memory pluginInstallData,
                  FunctionReference[] memory dependencies,
                  address msca
              ) external onlyDelegated {
                  // revert if the plugin does not implement ERC-165 or does not support the IPlugin interface
                  if (!ERC165Checker.supportsInterface(plugin, type(IPlugin).interfaceId)) {
                      revert PluginNotImplementInterface();
                  }
                  WalletStorageV1Lib.Layout storage storageLayout = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout();
                  // revert internally if the plugin has already been installed on the modular account
                  storageLayout.installedPlugins.append(plugin);
                  IPlugin pluginToInstall = IPlugin(plugin);
                  // revert if manifestHash does not match the computed Keccak-256 hash of the plugin’s returned manifest
                  PluginManifest memory pluginManifest = pluginToInstall.pluginManifest();
                  if (manifestHash != keccak256(abi.encode(pluginManifest))) {
                      revert InvalidPluginManifestHash();
                  }
                  uint256 length = pluginManifest.interfaceIds.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      storageLayout.supportedInterfaces[pluginManifest.interfaceIds[i]] += 1;
                  }
                  // revert if any address in dependencies does not support the interface at its matching index in the manifest’s
                  // dependencyInterfaceIds,
                  // or if the two array lengths do not match,
                  // or if any of the dependencies are not already installed on the modular account
                  length = dependencies.length;
                  if (length != pluginManifest.dependencyInterfaceIds.length) {
                      revert InvalidPluginDependency(plugin);
                  }
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      address dependencyPluginAddr = dependencies[i].plugin;
                      // if dependencyPluginAddr is msca address, then we don't actually introduce any new plugin dependency
                      // other than native dependency, so we do not need to perform any plugin dependency related logic
                      if (dependencyPluginAddr == msca) {
                          continue;
                      }
                      // verify that the dependency is installed, which also prevents self-dependencies
                      if (storageLayout.pluginDetails[dependencyPluginAddr].manifestHash == bytes32(0)) {
                          revert InvalidPluginDependency(dependencyPluginAddr);
                      }
                      if (!ERC165Checker.supportsInterface(dependencyPluginAddr, pluginManifest.dependencyInterfaceIds[i])) {
                          revert InvalidPluginDependency(dependencyPluginAddr);
                      }
                      // each dependency’s record MUST also be updated to reflect that it has a new dependent
                      // record the plugin dependency, will revert if it's already installed
                      storageLayout.pluginDetails[plugin].dependencies.append(dependencies[i]);
                      // increment the dependency's dependentCounter since the current plugin is dependent on dependencyPlugin
                      storageLayout.pluginDetails[dependencyPluginAddr].dependentCounter += 1;
                  }
                  // record if this plugin is allowed to spend native token
                  if (pluginManifest.canSpendNativeToken) {
                      storageLayout.pluginDetails[plugin].canSpendNativeToken = true;
                  }
                  // record execution details
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  // install execution functions and hooks
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  length = pluginManifest.executionFunctions.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      bytes4 selector = pluginManifest.executionFunctions[i];
                      if (storageLayout.executionDetails[selector].plugin != address(0)) {
                          revert ExecutionDetailAlreadySet(plugin, selector);
                      }
                      if (
                          selector._isNativeFunctionSelector() || selector._isErc4337FunctionSelector()
                              || selector._isIPluginFunctionSelector()
                      ) {
                          revert InvalidExecutionSelector(plugin, selector);
                      }
                      storageLayout.executionDetails[selector].plugin = plugin;
                  }
                  // install pre and post execution hooks
                  length = pluginManifest.executionHooks.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      bytes4 selector = pluginManifest.executionHooks[i].selector;
                      FunctionReference memory preExecHook = _resolveManifestFunction(
                          pluginManifest.executionHooks[i].preExecHook,
                          plugin,
                          dependencies,
                          ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY,
                          AssociatedFunctionType.HOOK
                      );
                      FunctionReference memory postExecHook = _resolveManifestFunction(
                          pluginManifest.executionHooks[i].postExecHook,
                          plugin,
                          dependencies,
                          ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.NONE,
                          AssociatedFunctionType.HOOK
                      );
                      _addHookGroup(storageLayout.executionDetails[selector].executionHooks, preExecHook, postExecHook);
                  }
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  // install validation functions and hooks
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  // install userOpValidationFunctions
                  length = pluginManifest.userOpValidationFunctions.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      bytes4 selector = pluginManifest.userOpValidationFunctions[i].executionSelector;
                      if (storageLayout.executionDetails[selector].userOpValidationFunction.pack() != EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE) {
                          revert ValidationFunctionAlreadySet(selector);
                      }
                      storageLayout.executionDetails[selector].userOpValidationFunction = _resolveManifestFunction(
                          pluginManifest.userOpValidationFunctions[i].associatedFunction,
                          plugin,
                          dependencies,
                          ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.NONE,
                          AssociatedFunctionType.VALIDATION_FUNCTION
                      );
                  }
                  // install runtimeValidationFunctions
                  length = pluginManifest.runtimeValidationFunctions.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      bytes4 selector = pluginManifest.runtimeValidationFunctions[i].executionSelector;
                      if (storageLayout.executionDetails[selector].runtimeValidationFunction.pack() != EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE) {
                          revert ValidationFunctionAlreadySet(selector);
                      }
                      storageLayout.executionDetails[selector].runtimeValidationFunction = _resolveManifestFunction(
                          pluginManifest.runtimeValidationFunctions[i].associatedFunction,
                          plugin,
                          dependencies,
                          ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW, // risk burning gas from the account
                          AssociatedFunctionType.VALIDATION_FUNCTION
                      );
                  }
                  // install preUserOpValidationHooks
                  length = pluginManifest.preUserOpValidationHooks.length;
                  // force override to be safe
                  FunctionReference[] memory emptyDependencies = new FunctionReference[](0);
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      bytes4 selector = pluginManifest.preUserOpValidationHooks[i].executionSelector;
                      // revert internally
                      storageLayout.executionDetails[selector].preUserOpValidationHooks.append(
                          _resolveManifestFunction(
                              pluginManifest.preUserOpValidationHooks[i].associatedFunction,
                              plugin,
                              emptyDependencies,
                              ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY,
                              AssociatedFunctionType.HOOK
                          )
                      );
                  }
                  // install preRuntimeValidationHooks
                  length = pluginManifest.preRuntimeValidationHooks.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      // revert internally
                      storageLayout.executionDetails[pluginManifest.preRuntimeValidationHooks[i].executionSelector]
                          .preRuntimeValidationHooks
                          .append(
                          _resolveManifestFunction(
                              pluginManifest.preRuntimeValidationHooks[i].associatedFunction,
                              plugin,
                              emptyDependencies,
                              ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY,
                              AssociatedFunctionType.HOOK
                          )
                      );
                  }
                  // store the plugin’s permitted function selectors and external contract calls to be able to validate calls
                  // to executeFromPlugin and executeFromPluginExternal
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  // permissions for executeFromPlugin
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  // native functions or execution functions already installed on the MSCA that this plugin will be able to call
                  length = pluginManifest.permittedExecutionSelectors.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      // enable PermittedPluginCall
                      storageLayout.permittedPluginCalls[plugin][pluginManifest.permittedExecutionSelectors[i]] = true;
                  }
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  // permissions for executeFromPluginExternal
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  // is the plugin permitted to call any external contracts and selectors
                  if (pluginManifest.permitAnyExternalAddress) {
                      storageLayout.pluginDetails[plugin].anyExternalAddressPermitted = true;
                  } else {
                      // more limited access - record external contract calls that this plugin will be able to make
                      length = pluginManifest.permittedExternalCalls.length;
                      for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                          ManifestExternalCallPermission memory externalCallPermission = pluginManifest.permittedExternalCalls[i];
                          PermittedExternalCall storage permittedExternalCall =
                              storageLayout.permittedExternalCalls[plugin][externalCallPermission.externalAddress];
                          if (permittedExternalCall.addressPermitted) {
                              revert ExecuteFromPluginExternalAlreadySet(plugin, externalCallPermission.externalAddress);
                          }
                          permittedExternalCall.addressPermitted = true;
                          if (externalCallPermission.permitAnySelector) {
                              permittedExternalCall.anySelector = true;
                          } else {
                              uint256 permittedExternalCallSelectorsLength = externalCallPermission.selectors.length;
                              for (uint256 j = 0; j < permittedExternalCallSelectorsLength; ++j) {
                                  permittedExternalCall.selectors[externalCallPermission.selectors[j]] = true;
                              }
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  // store the plugin manifest hash at the end, which serves to prevent self-dependencies
                  storageLayout.pluginDetails[plugin].manifestHash = manifestHash;
                  // call onInstall to initialize plugin data for the modular account
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
                  try IPlugin(plugin).onInstall(pluginInstallData) {}
                  catch (bytes memory revertReason) {
                      revert FailToCallOnInstall(plugin, revertReason);
                  }
              }
              /// @dev Refer to IPluginManager
              function uninstall(address plugin, bytes memory config, bytes memory pluginUninstallData)
                  external
                  onlyDelegated
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  WalletStorageV1Lib.Layout storage storageLayout = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout();
                  // revert internally if plugin was not installed before
                  storageLayout.installedPlugins.remove(plugin);
                  PluginManifest memory pluginManifest;
                  if (config.length > 0) {
                      // the modular account MAY implement the capability for the manifest to be encoded in the config field as a
                      // parameter
                      pluginManifest = abi.decode(config, (PluginManifest));
                  } else {
                      pluginManifest = IPlugin(plugin).pluginManifest();
                  }
                  // revert if the hash of the manifest used at install time does not match the computed Keccak-256 hash of the
                  // plugin’s current manifest
                  if (storageLayout.pluginDetails[plugin].manifestHash != keccak256(abi.encode(pluginManifest))) {
                      revert InvalidPluginManifestHash();
                  }
                  // revert if there is at least 1 other installed plugin that depends on validation functions or hooks added by
                  // this plugin;
                  // plugins used as dependencies must not be uninstalled while dependent plugins exist
                  if (storageLayout.pluginDetails[plugin].dependentCounter != 0) {
                      revert PluginUsedByOthers(plugin);
                  }
                  // each dependency’s record SHOULD be updated to reflect that it has no longer has this plugin as a dependent
                  _removeDependencies(plugin, storageLayout);
                  // remove records for the plugin’s dependencies, injected permitted call hooks, permitted function selectors,
                  // and permitted external contract calls
                  // uninstall the components in reverse order (by component type) of their installation
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  // permissions for executeFromPluginExternal
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  if (pluginManifest.permitAnyExternalAddress) {
                      storageLayout.pluginDetails[plugin].anyExternalAddressPermitted = false;
                  }
                  uint256 length;
                  if (!pluginManifest.permitAnyExternalAddress) {
                      length = pluginManifest.permittedExternalCalls.length;
                      for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                          ManifestExternalCallPermission memory externalCallPermission = pluginManifest.permittedExternalCalls[i];
                          PermittedExternalCall storage permittedExternalCall =
                              storageLayout.permittedExternalCalls[plugin][externalCallPermission.externalAddress];
                          if (!permittedExternalCall.addressPermitted) {
                              revert ExecuteFromPluginExternalAlreadyUnset(plugin, externalCallPermission.externalAddress);
                          }
                          permittedExternalCall.addressPermitted = false;
                          if (externalCallPermission.permitAnySelector) {
                              permittedExternalCall.anySelector = false;
                          } else {
                              uint256 permittedExternalCallSelectorsLength = externalCallPermission.selectors.length;
                              for (uint256 j = 0; j < permittedExternalCallSelectorsLength; ++j) {
                                  permittedExternalCall.selectors[externalCallPermission.selectors[j]] = false;
                              }
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  length = pluginManifest.permittedExecutionSelectors.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      // disable PermittedPluginCall
                      storageLayout.permittedPluginCalls[plugin][pluginManifest.permittedExecutionSelectors[i]] = false;
                  }
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  // uninstall validation functions and hooks
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  // uninstall preRuntimeValidationHooks
                  FunctionReference[] memory emptyDependencies = new FunctionReference[](0);
                  length = pluginManifest.preRuntimeValidationHooks.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      // revert internally
                      storageLayout.executionDetails[pluginManifest.preRuntimeValidationHooks[i].executionSelector]
                          .preRuntimeValidationHooks
                          .remove(
                          _resolveManifestFunction(
                              pluginManifest.preRuntimeValidationHooks[i].associatedFunction,
                              plugin,
                              emptyDependencies,
                              ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY,
                              AssociatedFunctionType.HOOK
                          )
                      );
                  }
                  // uninstall preUserOpValidationHooks
                  length = pluginManifest.preUserOpValidationHooks.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      // revert internally
                      storageLayout.executionDetails[pluginManifest.preUserOpValidationHooks[i].executionSelector]
                          .preUserOpValidationHooks
                          .remove(
                          _resolveManifestFunction(
                              pluginManifest.preUserOpValidationHooks[i].associatedFunction,
                              plugin,
                              emptyDependencies,
                              ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY,
                              AssociatedFunctionType.HOOK
                          )
                      );
                  }
                  // uninstall runtimeValidationFunctions
                  FunctionReference memory emptyFunctionReference = EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE.unpack();
                  length = pluginManifest.runtimeValidationFunctions.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      storageLayout.executionDetails[pluginManifest.runtimeValidationFunctions[i].executionSelector]
                          .runtimeValidationFunction = emptyFunctionReference;
                  }
                  // uninstall userOpValidationFunctions
                  length = pluginManifest.userOpValidationFunctions.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      storageLayout.executionDetails[pluginManifest.userOpValidationFunctions[i].executionSelector]
                          .userOpValidationFunction = emptyFunctionReference;
                  }
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  // uninstall execution functions and hooks
                  //////////////////////////////////////////////
                  _removeExecutionHooks(plugin, pluginManifest.executionHooks, storageLayout);
                  length = pluginManifest.executionFunctions.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      storageLayout.executionDetails[pluginManifest.executionFunctions[i]].plugin = address(0);
                  }
                  length = pluginManifest.interfaceIds.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      storageLayout.supportedInterfaces[pluginManifest.interfaceIds[i]] -= 1;
                  }
                  // reset all members that are not mappings and also recurse into the members unless they're mappings
                  delete storageLayout.pluginDetails[plugin];
                  // call the plugin’s onUninstall callback with the data provided in the uninstallData parameter;
                  // This serves to clear the plugin state for the modular account;
                  // If onUninstall reverts, execution SHOULD continue to allow the uninstall to complete
                  bool onUninstallSucceeded = true;
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
                  try IPlugin(plugin).onUninstall(pluginUninstallData) {}
                  catch {
                      // leave it up to the caller if we want to revert if the plugin storage isn't cleaned up
                      onUninstallSucceeded = false;
                  }
                  return onUninstallSucceeded;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Resolve manifest function.
               *      For functions of type `ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.DEPENDENCY`, the MSCA MUST find the plugin address
               *      of the function at `dependencies[dependencyIndex]` during the call to `installPlugin(config)`.
               *      A plugin can no longer use hooks from other plugins to be added on Execution and/or Validation function
               * selectors
               *      in its own manifest. We'll revert if hook is provided as dependency from an external plugin.
               * @param allowedMagicValue which magic value (if any) is permissible for the function type to resolve.
               * @param associatedFunctionType the type of associated function, either a validation function or a hook, as opposed
               * to execution functions
               */
              function _resolveManifestFunction(
                  ManifestFunction memory manifestFunction,
                  address plugin,
                  FunctionReference[] memory dependencies,
                  ManifestAssociatedFunctionType allowedMagicValue,
                  AssociatedFunctionType associatedFunctionType
              ) internal pure returns (FunctionReference memory) {
                  // revert if it's hook and provided as dependency
                  if (
                      associatedFunctionType == AssociatedFunctionType.HOOK
                          && manifestFunction.functionType == ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.DEPENDENCY
                  ) {
                      revert HookDependencyNotPermitted();
                  }
                  if (manifestFunction.functionType == ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.SELF) {
                      return FunctionReference(plugin, manifestFunction.functionId);
                  } else if (manifestFunction.functionType == ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.DEPENDENCY) {
                      // out of boundary
                      if (manifestFunction.dependencyIndex >= dependencies.length) {
                          revert InvalidPluginManifest();
                      }
                      return dependencies[manifestFunction.dependencyIndex];
                  } else if (manifestFunction.functionType == ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW) {
                      if (allowedMagicValue == ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW) {
                          return RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE.unpack();
                      } else {
                          revert InvalidPluginManifest();
                      }
                  } else if (manifestFunction.functionType == ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY) {
                      if (allowedMagicValue == ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY) {
                          return PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE.unpack();
                      } else {
                          revert InvalidPluginManifest();
                      }
                  } else {
                      return EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE.unpack();
                  }
              }
              function _addHookGroup(
                  HookGroup storage hookGroup,
                  FunctionReference memory preExecHook,
                  FunctionReference memory postExecHook
              ) internal {
                  bytes21 packedPreExecHook = preExecHook.pack();
                  if (packedPreExecHook == EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE) {
                      if (postExecHook.pack() == EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE) {
                          // pre and post hooks cannot be null at the same time
                          revert InvalidFunctionReference();
                      }
                      hookGroup.postOnlyHooks.append(postExecHook);
                  } else {
                      hookGroup.preHooks.append(preExecHook);
                      if (postExecHook.pack() != EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE) {
                          hookGroup.preToPostHooks[packedPreExecHook].append(postExecHook);
                      }
                  }
              }
              function _removeHookGroup(
                  HookGroup storage hookGroup,
                  FunctionReference memory preExecHook,
                  FunctionReference memory postExecHook
              ) internal {
                  bytes21 packedPreExecHook = preExecHook.pack();
                  if (packedPreExecHook == EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE) {
                      // pre and post hooks cannot be null at the same time
                      hookGroup.postOnlyHooks.remove(postExecHook);
                  } else {
                      hookGroup.preHooks.remove(preExecHook);
                      // remove postExecHook if any
                      if (postExecHook.pack() != EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE) {
                          hookGroup.preToPostHooks[packedPreExecHook].remove(postExecHook);
                      }
                  }
              }
              function _removeDependencies(address plugin, WalletStorageV1Lib.Layout storage storageLayout) internal {
                  Bytes21DLL storage pluginDependencies = storageLayout.pluginDetails[plugin].dependencies;
                  uint256 length = pluginDependencies.size();
                  FunctionReference memory startFR = EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE.unpack();
                  FunctionReference[] memory dependencies;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      // if the max length of dependencies is reached, the loop will break early
                      (dependencies, startFR) = pluginDependencies.getPaginated(startFR, 10);
                      for (uint256 j = 0; j < dependencies.length; ++j) {
                          storageLayout.pluginDetails[dependencies[j].plugin].dependentCounter -= 1;
                          storageLayout.pluginDetails[plugin].dependencies.remove(dependencies[j]);
                      }
                      if (startFR.pack() == EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE) {
                          break;
                      }
                  }
              }
              function _removeExecutionHooks(
                  address plugin,
                  ManifestExecutionHook[] memory executionHooks,
                  WalletStorageV1Lib.Layout storage storageLayout
              ) internal {
                  uint256 length = executionHooks.length;
                  FunctionReference[] memory dependencies = new FunctionReference[](0);
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      bytes4 selector = executionHooks[i].selector;
                      FunctionReference memory preExecHook = _resolveManifestFunction(
                          executionHooks[i].preExecHook,
                          plugin,
                          dependencies,
                          ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY,
                          AssociatedFunctionType.HOOK
                      );
                      FunctionReference memory postExecHookToRemove = _resolveManifestFunction(
                          executionHooks[i].postExecHook,
                          plugin,
                          dependencies,
                          ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.NONE,
                          AssociatedFunctionType.HOOK
                      );
                      _removeHookGroup(storageLayout.executionDetails[selector].executionHooks, preExecHook, postExecHookToRemove);
                  }
              }
          }
          /**
           ** Account-Abstraction (EIP-4337) singleton EntryPoint implementation.
           ** Only one instance required on each chain.
           **/
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
          pragma solidity ^0.8.12;
          /* solhint-disable avoid-low-level-calls */
          /* solhint-disable no-inline-assembly */
          /* solhint-disable reason-string */
          import "./UserOperation.sol";
          import "./IStakeManager.sol";
          import "./IAggregator.sol";
          import "./INonceManager.sol";
          interface IEntryPoint is IStakeManager, INonceManager {
              /***
               * An event emitted after each successful request
               * @param userOpHash - unique identifier for the request (hash its entire content, except signature).
               * @param sender - the account that generates this request.
               * @param paymaster - if non-null, the paymaster that pays for this request.
               * @param nonce - the nonce value from the request.
               * @param success - true if the sender transaction succeeded, false if reverted.
               * @param actualGasCost - actual amount paid (by account or paymaster) for this UserOperation.
               * @param actualGasUsed - total gas used by this UserOperation (including preVerification, creation, validation and execution).
               */
              event UserOperationEvent(bytes32 indexed userOpHash, address indexed sender, address indexed paymaster, uint256 nonce, bool success, uint256 actualGasCost, uint256 actualGasUsed);
              /**
               * account "sender" was deployed.
               * @param userOpHash the userOp that deployed this account. UserOperationEvent will follow.
               * @param sender the account that is deployed
               * @param factory the factory used to deploy this account (in the initCode)
               * @param paymaster the paymaster used by this UserOp
               */
              event AccountDeployed(bytes32 indexed userOpHash, address indexed sender, address factory, address paymaster);
              /**
               * An event emitted if the UserOperation "callData" reverted with non-zero length
               * @param userOpHash the request unique identifier.
               * @param sender the sender of this request
               * @param nonce the nonce used in the request
               * @param revertReason - the return bytes from the (reverted) call to "callData".
               */
              event UserOperationRevertReason(bytes32 indexed userOpHash, address indexed sender, uint256 nonce, bytes revertReason);
              /**
               * an event emitted by handleOps(), before starting the execution loop.
               * any event emitted before this event, is part of the validation.
               */
              event BeforeExecution();
              /**
               * signature aggregator used by the following UserOperationEvents within this bundle.
               */
              event SignatureAggregatorChanged(address indexed aggregator);
              /**
               * a custom revert error of handleOps, to identify the offending op.
               *  NOTE: if simulateValidation passes successfully, there should be no reason for handleOps to fail on it.
               *  @param opIndex - index into the array of ops to the failed one (in simulateValidation, this is always zero)
               *  @param reason - revert reason
               *      The string starts with a unique code "AAmn", where "m" is "1" for factory, "2" for account and "3" for paymaster issues,
               *      so a failure can be attributed to the correct entity.
               *   Should be caught in off-chain handleOps simulation and not happen on-chain.
               *   Useful for mitigating DoS attempts against batchers or for troubleshooting of factory/account/paymaster reverts.
               */
              error FailedOp(uint256 opIndex, string reason);
              /**
               * error case when a signature aggregator fails to verify the aggregated signature it had created.
               */
              error SignatureValidationFailed(address aggregator);
              /**
               * Successful result from simulateValidation.
               * @param returnInfo gas and time-range returned values
               * @param senderInfo stake information about the sender
               * @param factoryInfo stake information about the factory (if any)
               * @param paymasterInfo stake information about the paymaster (if any)
               */
              error ValidationResult(ReturnInfo returnInfo,
                  StakeInfo senderInfo, StakeInfo factoryInfo, StakeInfo paymasterInfo);
              /**
               * Successful result from simulateValidation, if the account returns a signature aggregator
               * @param returnInfo gas and time-range returned values
               * @param senderInfo stake information about the sender
               * @param factoryInfo stake information about the factory (if any)
               * @param paymasterInfo stake information about the paymaster (if any)
               * @param aggregatorInfo signature aggregation info (if the account requires signature aggregator)
               *      bundler MUST use it to verify the signature, or reject the UserOperation
               */
              error ValidationResultWithAggregation(ReturnInfo returnInfo,
                  StakeInfo senderInfo, StakeInfo factoryInfo, StakeInfo paymasterInfo,
                  AggregatorStakeInfo aggregatorInfo);
              /**
               * return value of getSenderAddress
               */
              error SenderAddressResult(address sender);
              /**
               * return value of simulateHandleOp
               */
              error ExecutionResult(uint256 preOpGas, uint256 paid, uint48 validAfter, uint48 validUntil, bool targetSuccess, bytes targetResult);
              //UserOps handled, per aggregator
              struct UserOpsPerAggregator {
                  UserOperation[] userOps;
                  // aggregator address
                  IAggregator aggregator;
                  // aggregated signature
                  bytes signature;
              }
              /**
               * Execute a batch of UserOperation.
               * no signature aggregator is used.
               * if any account requires an aggregator (that is, it returned an aggregator when
               * performing simulateValidation), then handleAggregatedOps() must be used instead.
               * @param ops the operations to execute
               * @param beneficiary the address to receive the fees
               */
              function handleOps(UserOperation[] calldata ops, address payable beneficiary) external;
              /**
               * Execute a batch of UserOperation with Aggregators
               * @param opsPerAggregator the operations to execute, grouped by aggregator (or address(0) for no-aggregator accounts)
               * @param beneficiary the address to receive the fees
               */
              function handleAggregatedOps(
                  UserOpsPerAggregator[] calldata opsPerAggregator,
                  address payable beneficiary
              ) external;
              /**
               * generate a request Id - unique identifier for this request.
               * the request ID is a hash over the content of the userOp (except the signature), the entrypoint and the chainid.
               */
              function getUserOpHash(UserOperation calldata userOp) external view returns (bytes32);
              /**
               * Simulate a call to account.validateUserOp and paymaster.validatePaymasterUserOp.
               * @dev this method always revert. Successful result is ValidationResult error. other errors are failures.
               * @dev The node must also verify it doesn't use banned opcodes, and that it doesn't reference storage outside the account's data.
               * @param userOp the user operation to validate.
               */
              function simulateValidation(UserOperation calldata userOp) external;
              /**
               * gas and return values during simulation
               * @param preOpGas the gas used for validation (including preValidationGas)
               * @param prefund the required prefund for this operation
               * @param sigFailed validateUserOp's (or paymaster's) signature check failed
               * @param validAfter - first timestamp this UserOp is valid (merging account and paymaster time-range)
               * @param validUntil - last timestamp this UserOp is valid (merging account and paymaster time-range)
               * @param paymasterContext returned by validatePaymasterUserOp (to be passed into postOp)
               */
              struct ReturnInfo {
                  uint256 preOpGas;
                  uint256 prefund;
                  bool sigFailed;
                  uint48 validAfter;
                  uint48 validUntil;
                  bytes paymasterContext;
              }
              /**
               * returned aggregated signature info.
               * the aggregator returned by the account, and its current stake.
               */
              struct AggregatorStakeInfo {
                  address aggregator;
                  StakeInfo stakeInfo;
              }
              /**
               * Get counterfactual sender address.
               *  Calculate the sender contract address that will be generated by the initCode and salt in the UserOperation.
               * this method always revert, and returns the address in SenderAddressResult error
               * @param initCode the constructor code to be passed into the UserOperation.
               */
              function getSenderAddress(bytes memory initCode) external;
              /**
               * simulate full execution of a UserOperation (including both validation and target execution)
               * this method will always revert with "ExecutionResult".
               * it performs full validation of the UserOperation, but ignores signature error.
               * an optional target address is called after the userop succeeds, and its value is returned
               * (before the entire call is reverted)
               * Note that in order to collect the the success/failure of the target call, it must be executed
               * with trace enabled to track the emitted events.
               * @param op the UserOperation to simulate
               * @param target if nonzero, a target address to call after userop simulation. If called, the targetSuccess and targetResult
               *        are set to the return from that call.
               * @param targetCallData callData to pass to target address
               */
              function simulateHandleOp(UserOperation calldata op, address target, bytes calldata targetCallData) external;
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          import "../Proxy.sol";
          import "./ERC1967Upgrade.sol";
          /**
           * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
           * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
           * implementation behind the proxy.
           */
          contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
              /**
               * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
               *
               * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
               * function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
               */
              constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
                  _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
               */
              function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
                  return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Create2.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev Helper to make usage of the `CREATE2` EVM opcode easier and safer.
           * `CREATE2` can be used to compute in advance the address where a smart
           * contract will be deployed, which allows for interesting new mechanisms known
           * as 'counterfactual interactions'.
           *
           * See the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1014#motivation[EIP] for more
           * information.
           */
          library Create2 {
              /**
               * @dev Deploys a contract using `CREATE2`. The address where the contract
               * will be deployed can be known in advance via {computeAddress}.
               *
               * The bytecode for a contract can be obtained from Solidity with
               * `type(contractName).creationCode`.
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - `bytecode` must not be empty.
               * - `salt` must have not been used for `bytecode` already.
               * - the factory must have a balance of at least `amount`.
               * - if `amount` is non-zero, `bytecode` must have a `payable` constructor.
               */
              function deploy(uint256 amount, bytes32 salt, bytes memory bytecode) internal returns (address addr) {
                  require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Create2: insufficient balance");
                  require(bytecode.length != 0, "Create2: bytecode length is zero");
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      addr := create2(amount, add(bytecode, 0x20), mload(bytecode), salt)
                  }
                  require(addr != address(0), "Create2: Failed on deploy");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the address where a contract will be stored if deployed via {deploy}. Any change in the
               * `bytecodeHash` or `salt` will result in a new destination address.
               */
              function computeAddress(bytes32 salt, bytes32 bytecodeHash) internal view returns (address) {
                  return computeAddress(salt, bytecodeHash, address(this));
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the address where a contract will be stored if deployed via {deploy} from a contract located at
               * `deployer`. If `deployer` is this contract's address, returns the same value as {computeAddress}.
               */
              function computeAddress(bytes32 salt, bytes32 bytecodeHash, address deployer) internal pure returns (address addr) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      let ptr := mload(0x40) // Get free memory pointer
                      // |                   | ↓ ptr ...  ↓ ptr + 0x0B (start) ...  ↓ ptr + 0x20 ...  ↓ ptr + 0x40 ...   |
                      // |-------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
                      // | bytecodeHash      |                                                        CCCCCCCCCCCCC...CC |
                      // | salt              |                                      BBBBBBBBBBBBB...BB                   |
                      // | deployer          | 000000...0000AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...AA                                     |
                      // | 0xFF              |            FF                                                             |
                      // |-------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
                      // | memory            | 000000...00FFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...AABBBBBBBBBBBBB...BBCCCCCCCCCCCCC...CC |
                      // | keccak(start, 85) |            ↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑ |
                      mstore(add(ptr, 0x40), bytecodeHash)
                      mstore(add(ptr, 0x20), salt)
                      mstore(ptr, deployer) // Right-aligned with 12 preceding garbage bytes
                      let start := add(ptr, 0x0b) // The hashed data starts at the final garbage byte which we will set to 0xff
                      mstore8(start, 0xff)
                      addr := keccak256(start, 85)
                  }
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {IERC777Recipient} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC777Recipient.sol";
          import {IERC1155Receiver} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC1155/IERC1155Receiver.sol";
          import {IERC721Receiver} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol";
          import {IERC165} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Token callback handler. Allowing account receiving these tokens.
           * @notice The user will have to register itself in the ERC1820 global registry
           *         in order to fully support ERC777 token operations upon the installation of this plugin.
           */
          contract DefaultCallbackHandler is IERC721Receiver, IERC1155Receiver, IERC777Recipient {
              function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view virtual override returns (bool) {
                  return interfaceId == type(IERC721Receiver).interfaceId || interfaceId == type(IERC1155Receiver).interfaceId
                      || interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
              }
              function onERC1155Received(address, address, uint256, uint256, bytes calldata)
                  external
                  pure
                  override
                  returns (bytes4)
              {
                  return IERC1155Receiver.onERC1155Received.selector;
              }
              function onERC1155BatchReceived(address, address, uint256[] calldata, uint256[] calldata, bytes calldata)
                  external
                  pure
                  override
                  returns (bytes4)
              {
                  return IERC1155Receiver.onERC1155BatchReceived.selector;
              }
              function onERC721Received(address, address, uint256, bytes calldata) external pure override returns (bytes4) {
                  return IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
              }
              // ERC777
              function tokensReceived(
                  address operator,
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 amount,
                  bytes calldata userData,
                  bytes calldata operatorData
              ) external pure override 
              // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
              {}
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          // ERC4337 constants
          // return value in case of signature failure, with no time-range.
          // equivalent to _packValidationData(true,0,0);
          uint256 constant SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED = 1;
          uint256 constant SIG_VALIDATION_SUCCEEDED = 0;
          // sentinel values
          // any values less than or equal to this will not be allowed in storage
          bytes21 constant SENTINEL_BYTES21 = bytes21(0);
          bytes23 constant SENTINEL_BYTES23 = bytes23(0);
          bytes32 constant SENTINEL_BYTES32 = bytes32(0);
          // empty or unset function reference
          // we don't store the empty function reference
          bytes21 constant EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE = bytes21(0);
          // wallet constants
          string constant WALLET_AUTHOR = "Circle Internet Financial";
          string constant WALLET_VERSION_1 = "1.0.0";
          // plugin constants
          string constant PLUGIN_AUTHOR = "Circle Internet Financial";
          string constant PLUGIN_VERSION_1 = "1.0.0";
          // bytes4(keccak256("isValidSignature(bytes32,bytes)")
          bytes4 constant EIP1271_VALID_SIGNATURE = 0x1626ba7e;
          bytes4 constant EIP1271_INVALID_SIGNATURE = 0xffffffff;
          // keccak256('')
          bytes32 constant EMPTY_HASH = 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470;
          uint256 constant ZERO = 0;
          bytes32 constant ZERO_BYTES32 = bytes32(0);
          bytes24 constant EMPTY_MODULE_ENTITY = bytes24(0);
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          /**
           * @notice Throws when the caller is unexpected.
           */
          error UnauthorizedCaller();
          error InvalidLength();
          error Unsupported();
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          /**
           * Utility functions helpful when making different kinds of contract calls in Solidity.
           * For inline assembly, please refer to https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/assembly.html
           * For opcodes, please refer to https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/evm/opcodes/ and https://www.evm.codes/
           */
          library ExecutionUtils {
              function call(address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data)
                  internal
                  returns (bool success, bytes memory returnData)
              {
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                  assembly {
                      success := call(gas(), to, value, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0)
                      let len := returndatasize()
                      let ptr := mload(0x40)
                      mstore(0x40, add(ptr, add(len, 0x20)))
                      mstore(ptr, len)
                      returndatacopy(add(ptr, 0x20), 0, len)
                      returnData := ptr
                  }
              }
              function revertWithData(bytes memory returnData) internal pure {
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                  assembly {
                      revert(add(returnData, 32), mload(returnData))
                  }
              }
              function callAndRevert(address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) internal {
                  (bool success, bytes memory returnData) = call(to, value, data);
                  if (!success) {
                      revertWithData(returnData);
                  }
              }
              function callWithReturnDataOrRevert(address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  (bool success, bytes memory returnData) = call(to, value, data);
                  if (!success) {
                      // bubble up revert reason
                      revertWithData(returnData);
                  }
                  return returnData;
              }
              /// @dev Return data or revert.
              function delegateCall(address to, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                  (bool success, bytes memory returnData) = to.delegatecall(data);
                  if (!success) {
                      // bubble up revert reason
                      revertWithData(returnData);
                  }
                  return returnData;
              }
              /// @dev Allocates memory for and retrieves return data from the previous external function call. The end of the
              /// allocated data may not be aligned to 32 bytes, which means the next free memory slot might fall somewhere
              /// between two 32-byte words. Therefore the memory address is aligned to the next 32-byte boundary to ensure
              /// efficient memory usage. The function also stores the size of the return data and copies the return data
              /// itself into the allocated memory.
              /// @return returnData the data returned by the last external function call.
              /// @notice The function ensures memory alignment by adding 63 (0x3f = 0x1f + 0x20) and clearing the last 5 bits,
              /// ensuring the memory is pushed to the nearest multiple of 32 bytes. This avoids unaligned memory access,
              /// which can lead to inefficiencies.
              function fetchReturnData() internal pure returns (bytes memory returnData) {
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                  assembly ("memory-safe") {
                      // allocate memory for the return data starting at the free memory pointer
                      returnData := mload(0x40)
                      // update the free memory pointer after adding the size of the return data and ensuring it is aligned to the
                      // next 32-byte boundary
                      mstore(0x40, add(returnData, and(add(returndatasize(), 0x3f), not(0x1f))))
                      // store the size of the return data at the start of the allocated memory
                      mstore(returnData, returndatasize())
                      // copy the return data to the allocated memory space
                      returndatacopy(add(returnData, 0x20), 0, returndatasize())
                  }
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          /**
           * @dev Returned data from validateUserOp.
           * validateUserOp returns a uint256, with is created by `_packedValidationData` and parsed by `_parseValidationData`
           * @param validAfter - this UserOp is valid only after this timestamp.
           * @param validaUntil - this UserOp is valid only up to this timestamp.
           * @param authorizer - address(0) - the account validated the signature by itself.
           *                     address(1) - the account failed to validate the signature.
           *                     otherwise - this is an address of a signature aggregator that must be used to validate the
           * signature.
           */
          struct ValidationData {
              uint48 validAfter;
              uint48 validUntil;
              address authorizer;
          }
          struct AddressDLL {
              mapping(address => address) next;
              mapping(address => address) prev;
              uint256 count;
          }
          struct Bytes4DLL {
              mapping(bytes4 => bytes4) next;
              mapping(bytes4 => bytes4) prev;
              uint256 count;
          }
          struct Bytes32DLL {
              mapping(bytes32 => bytes32) next;
              mapping(bytes32 => bytes32) prev;
              uint256 count;
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {ValidationData} from "../common/Structs.sol";
          library ValidationDataLib {
              error WrongTimeBounds();
              /**
               * @dev Intercept the time bounds `[validAfter, validUntil]` and the signature validation result,
               * prioritizing the invalid authorizer (`!=0 && !=1`), followed by prioritizing failure (`==1`),
               * and finally returning success (`==0`). Please note that both `authorizer(2)` and `authorizer(3)` are invalid,
               * and calling this function with `(2, 3)` ensures that only one invalid authorizer will be returned.
               * @notice address(0) is a successful validation, address(1) is a failed validation,
               * and address(2), address(3) and others are invalid authorizers (also failed).
               */
              function _intersectValidationData(ValidationData memory a, uint256 uintb)
                  internal
                  pure
                  returns (ValidationData memory validationData)
              {
                  ValidationData memory b = _unpackValidationData(uintb);
                  if (a.validAfter > a.validUntil) {
                      revert WrongTimeBounds();
                  }
                  if (b.validAfter > b.validUntil) {
                      revert WrongTimeBounds();
                  }
                  // 0 is successful validation
                  if (!_isValidAuthorizer(a.authorizer)) {
                      validationData.authorizer = a.authorizer;
                  } else if (!_isValidAuthorizer(b.authorizer)) {
                      validationData.authorizer = b.authorizer;
                  } else {
                      if (a.authorizer == address(0)) {
                          validationData.authorizer = b.authorizer;
                      } else {
                          validationData.authorizer = a.authorizer;
                      }
                  }
                  if (a.validAfter > b.validAfter) {
                      validationData.validAfter = a.validAfter;
                  } else {
                      validationData.validAfter = b.validAfter;
                  }
                  if (a.validUntil < b.validUntil) {
                      validationData.validUntil = a.validUntil;
                  } else {
                      validationData.validUntil = b.validUntil;
                  }
                  // make sure the caller (e.g. entryPoint) reverts
                  // set to address(1) if and only if the authorizer is address(0) (successful validation)
                  // we don't want to set to address(1) if the authorizer is invalid such as address(2)
                  if (validationData.validAfter >= validationData.validUntil && validationData.authorizer == address(0)) {
                      validationData.authorizer = address(1);
                  }
                  return validationData;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Unpack into the deserialized packed format from validAfter | validUntil | authorizer.
               */
              function _unpackValidationData(uint256 validationDataInt)
                  internal
                  pure
                  returns (ValidationData memory validationData)
              {
                  address authorizer = address(uint160(validationDataInt));
                  uint48 validUntil = uint48(validationDataInt >> 160);
                  if (validUntil == 0) {
                      validUntil = type(uint48).max;
                  }
                  uint48 validAfter = uint48(validationDataInt >> (48 + 160));
                  return ValidationData(validAfter, validUntil, authorizer);
              }
              function _packValidationData(ValidationData memory data) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  return uint160(data.authorizer) | (uint256(data.validUntil) << 160) | (uint256(data.validAfter) << (160 + 48));
              }
              function _isValidAuthorizer(address authorizer) internal pure returns (bool) {
                  return authorizer == address(0) || authorizer == address(1);
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          // magic value for runtime validation functions that always allow access
          bytes21 constant RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE = bytes21(uint168(1));
          // magic value for hooks that should always revert
          bytes21 constant PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE = bytes21(uint168(2));
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          // Standard executor
          struct Call {
              // The target address for the account to call.
              address target;
              // The value to send with the call.
              uint256 value;
              // The calldata for the call.
              bytes data;
          }
          struct FunctionReference {
              address plugin;
              uint8 functionId;
          }
          // Account loupe
          // @notice Config for an execution function, given a selector
          struct ExecutionFunctionConfig {
              address plugin;
              FunctionReference userOpValidationFunction;
              FunctionReference runtimeValidationFunction;
          }
          /// @notice Pre and post hooks for a given selector
          /// @dev It's possible for one of either `preExecHook` or `postExecHook` to be empty
          struct ExecutionHooks {
              FunctionReference preExecHook;
              FunctionReference postExecHook;
          }
          // internal data structure
          struct Bytes21DLL {
              mapping(bytes21 => bytes21) next;
              mapping(bytes21 => bytes21) prev;
              uint256 count;
          }
          struct RepeatableBytes21DLL {
              mapping(bytes21 => bytes21) next;
              mapping(bytes21 => bytes21) prev;
              mapping(bytes21 => uint256) counter;
              // unique items
              uint256 uniqueItems;
              // total items with repeatable ones
              uint256 totalItems;
          }
          // Represents a set of pre and post hooks. Used to store execution hooks.
          struct HookGroup {
              RepeatableBytes21DLL preHooks;
              // key = preExecHook.pack()
              mapping(bytes21 => RepeatableBytes21DLL) preToPostHooks;
              RepeatableBytes21DLL postOnlyHooks;
          }
          // plugin's permission to call external (to the account and its plugins) contracts and addresses
          // through `executeFromPluginExternal`
          struct PermittedExternalCall {
              bool addressPermitted;
              // either anySelector or selectors permitted
              bool anySelector;
              mapping(bytes4 => bool) selectors;
          }
          struct PostExecHookToRun {
              bytes preExecHookReturnData;
              FunctionReference postExecHook;
          }
          // plugin detail stored in wallet storage
          struct PluginDetail {
              // permitted to call any external contracts and selectors
              bool anyExternalAddressPermitted;
              // boolean to indicate if the plugin can spend native tokens, if any of the execution function can spend
              // native tokens, a plugin is considered to be able to spend native tokens of the accounts
              bool canSpendNativeToken;
              // tracks the count this plugin has been used as a dependency function
              uint256 dependentCounter;
              bytes32 manifestHash;
              Bytes21DLL dependencies;
          }
          // execution detail associated with selector
          struct ExecutionDetail {
              address plugin; // plugin address that implements the execution function, for native functions, the value should be
                  // address(0)
              FunctionReference userOpValidationFunction;
              RepeatableBytes21DLL preUserOpValidationHooks;
              FunctionReference runtimeValidationFunction;
              RepeatableBytes21DLL preRuntimeValidationHooks;
              HookGroup executionHooks;
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {PluginManifest, PluginMetadata} from "../common/PluginManifest.sol";
          import {UserOperation} from "@account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/UserOperation.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Implements https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6900. Plugins must implement this interface to support plugin
           * management and interactions with MSCAs.
           */
          interface IPlugin {
              /// @notice Initialize plugin data for the modular account.
              /// @dev Called by the modular account during `installPlugin`.
              /// @param data Optional bytes array to be decoded and used by the plugin to setup initial plugin data for the
              /// modular account.
              function onInstall(bytes calldata data) external;
              /// @notice Clear plugin data for the modular account.
              /// @dev Called by the modular account during `uninstallPlugin`.
              /// @param data Optional bytes array to be decoded and used by the plugin to clear plugin data for the modular
              /// account.
              function onUninstall(bytes calldata data) external;
              /// @notice Run the pre user operation validation hook specified by the `functionId`.
              /// @dev Pre user operation validation hooks MUST NOT return an authorizer value other than 0 or 1.
              /// @param functionId An identifier that routes the call to different internal implementations, should there be more
              /// than one.
              /// @param userOp The user operation.
              /// @param userOpHash The user operation hash.
              /// @return Packed validation data for validAfter (6 bytes), validUntil (6 bytes), and authorizer (20 bytes).
              function preUserOpValidationHook(uint8 functionId, UserOperation calldata userOp, bytes32 userOpHash)
                  external
                  returns (uint256);
              /// @notice Run the user operation validationFunction specified by the `functionId`.
              /// @param functionId An identifier that routes the call to different internal implementations, should there be
              /// more than one.
              /// @param userOp The user operation.
              /// @param userOpHash The user operation hash.
              /// @return Packed validation data for validAfter (6 bytes), validUntil (6 bytes), and authorizer (20 bytes).
              function userOpValidationFunction(uint8 functionId, UserOperation calldata userOp, bytes32 userOpHash)
                  external
                  returns (uint256);
              /// @notice Run the pre runtime validation hook specified by the `functionId`.
              /// @dev To indicate the entire call should revert, the function MUST revert.
              /// @param functionId An identifier that routes the call to different internal implementations, should there be more
              /// than one.
              /// @param sender The caller address.
              /// @param value The call value.
              /// @param data The calldata sent.
              function preRuntimeValidationHook(uint8 functionId, address sender, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) external;
              /// @notice Run the runtime validationFunction specified by the `functionId`.
              /// @dev To indicate the entire call should revert, the function MUST revert.
              /// @param functionId An identifier that routes the call to different internal implementations, should there be
              /// more than one.
              /// @param sender The caller address.
              /// @param value The call value.
              /// @param data The calldata sent.
              function runtimeValidationFunction(uint8 functionId, address sender, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) external;
              /// @notice Run the pre execution hook specified by the `functionId`.
              /// @dev To indicate the entire call should revert, the function MUST revert.
              /// @param functionId An identifier that routes the call to different internal implementations, should there be more
              /// than one.
              /// @param sender The caller address.
              /// @param value The call value.
              /// @param data The calldata sent.
              /// @return context Context to pass to a post execution hook, if present. An empty bytes array MAY be returned.
              function preExecutionHook(uint8 functionId, address sender, uint256 value, bytes calldata data)
                  external
                  returns (bytes memory context);
              /// @notice Run the post execution hook specified by the `functionId`.
              /// @dev To indicate the entire call should revert, the function MUST revert.
              /// @param functionId An identifier that routes the call to different internal implementations, should there be more
              /// than one.
              /// @param preExecHookData The context returned by its associated pre execution hook.
              function postExecutionHook(uint8 functionId, bytes calldata preExecHookData) external;
              /// @notice Describe the contents and intended configuration of the plugin.
              /// @dev This manifest MUST stay constant over time.
              /// @return A manifest describing the contents and intended configuration of the plugin.
              function pluginManifest() external pure returns (PluginManifest memory);
              /// @notice Describe the metadata of the plugin.
              /// @dev This metadata MUST stay constant over time.
              /// @return A metadata struct describing the plugin.
              function pluginMetadata() external pure returns (PluginMetadata memory);
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {FunctionReference} from "../common/Structs.sol";
          library FunctionReferenceLib {
              function unpack(bytes21 frBytes) internal pure returns (FunctionReference memory) {
                  return FunctionReference(address(bytes20(frBytes)), uint8(bytes1(frBytes << 160)));
              }
              function pack(FunctionReference memory functionReference) internal pure returns (bytes21) {
                  return (bytes21(bytes20(functionReference.plugin)) | bytes21(uint168(functionReference.functionId)));
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {SENTINEL_BYTES21} from "../../../../common/Constants.sol";
          import {InvalidFunctionReference, InvalidLimit, ItemDoesNotExist} from "../../shared/common/Errors.sol";
          import {FunctionReference, RepeatableBytes21DLL} from "../common/Structs.sol";
          import {FunctionReferenceLib} from "./FunctionReferenceLib.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Enumerable & ordered doubly linked list built using RepeatableBytes21DLL.
           *      Item is expected to be have a counter that tracks repeated number.
           */
          library RepeatableFunctionReferenceDLLLib {
              using FunctionReferenceLib for FunctionReference;
              using FunctionReferenceLib for bytes21;
              modifier validFunctionReference(FunctionReference memory fr) {
                  if (fr.pack() <= SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                      revert InvalidFunctionReference();
                  }
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Check the counter of an item. O(1).
               * @return the counter
               */
              function getRepeatedCount(RepeatableBytes21DLL storage dll, FunctionReference memory fr)
                  internal
                  view
                  returns (uint256)
              {
                  bytes21 item = fr.pack();
                  if (item == SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                      // sentinel should not considered as the value of the list
                      return 0;
                  }
                  return dll.counter[item];
              }
              /**
               * @dev Get the total items of dll. O(1).
               */
              function getTotalItems(RepeatableBytes21DLL storage dll) internal view returns (uint256) {
                  return dll.totalItems;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Get the unique items of dll. O(1).
               */
              function getUniqueItems(RepeatableBytes21DLL storage dll) internal view returns (uint256) {
                  return dll.uniqueItems;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Add an new item. O(1).
               */
              function append(RepeatableBytes21DLL storage dll, FunctionReference memory fr)
                  internal
                  validFunctionReference(fr)
                  returns (uint256)
              {
                  bytes21 item = fr.pack();
                  uint256 currentCount = getRepeatedCount(dll, fr);
                  if (currentCount == 0) {
                      bytes21 prev = getTailWithoutUnpack(dll);
                      bytes21 next = SENTINEL_BYTES21;
                      // prev.next = item
                      dll.next[prev] = item;
                      // item.next = next
                      dll.next[item] = next;
                      // next.prev = item
                      dll.prev[next] = item;
                      // item.prev = prev
                      dll.prev[item] = prev;
                      dll.uniqueItems++;
                  }
                  dll.counter[item]++;
                  dll.totalItems++;
                  return dll.counter[item];
              }
              /**
               * @dev Remove or decrease the counter of already existing item. Otherwise the function reverts. O(1).
               */
              function remove(RepeatableBytes21DLL storage dll, FunctionReference memory fr)
                  internal
                  validFunctionReference(fr)
                  returns (uint256)
              {
                  uint256 currentCount = getRepeatedCount(dll, fr);
                  if (currentCount == 0) {
                      revert ItemDoesNotExist();
                  }
                  bytes21 item = fr.pack();
                  if (currentCount == 1) {
                      // delete the item
                      // item.prev.next = item.next
                      dll.next[dll.prev[item]] = dll.next[item];
                      // item.next.prev = item.prev
                      dll.prev[dll.next[item]] = dll.prev[item];
                      delete dll.next[item];
                      delete dll.prev[item];
                      delete dll.counter[item];
                      dll.uniqueItems--;
                  } else {
                      dll.counter[item]--;
                  }
                  dll.totalItems--;
                  return dll.counter[item];
              }
              /**
               * @dev Remove all copies of already existing items. O(1).
               */
              function removeAllRepeated(RepeatableBytes21DLL storage dll, FunctionReference memory fr)
                  internal
                  validFunctionReference(fr)
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  uint256 currentCount = getRepeatedCount(dll, fr);
                  if (currentCount == 0) {
                      revert ItemDoesNotExist();
                  }
                  bytes21 item = fr.pack();
                  // item.prev.next = item.next
                  dll.next[dll.prev[item]] = dll.next[item];
                  // item.next.prev = item.prev
                  dll.prev[dll.next[item]] = dll.prev[item];
                  delete dll.next[item];
                  delete dll.prev[item];
                  delete dll.counter[item];
                  dll.uniqueItems--;
                  dll.totalItems -= currentCount;
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return paginated results and next pointer without counter information. O(n).
               *      In order to get counter information (which our current use case does not need), please call
               * getRepeatedCount.
               * @param startFR Starting item, inclusive, if start == bytes21(0), this method searches from the head.
               */
              function getPaginated(RepeatableBytes21DLL storage dll, FunctionReference memory startFR, uint256 limit)
                  internal
                  view
                  returns (FunctionReference[] memory, FunctionReference memory)
              {
                  if (limit == 0) {
                      revert InvalidLimit();
                  }
                  bytes21 start = startFR.pack();
                  FunctionReference[] memory results = new FunctionReference[](limit);
                  bytes21 current = start;
                  if (start == SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                      current = getHeadWithoutUnpack(dll);
                  }
                  uint256 count = 0;
                  for (; count < limit && current > SENTINEL_BYTES21; ++count) {
                      results[count] = current.unpack();
                      current = dll.next[current];
                  }
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                  assembly ("memory-safe") {
                      mstore(results, count)
                  }
                  return (results, current.unpack());
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return all the unique items without counter information. O(n).
               *      In order to get counter information (which our current use case does not need), please call
               * getRepeatedCount.
               */
              function getAll(RepeatableBytes21DLL storage dll) internal view returns (FunctionReference[] memory results) {
                  uint256 totalUniqueCount = getUniqueItems(dll);
                  results = new FunctionReference[](totalUniqueCount);
                  bytes21 current = getHeadWithoutUnpack(dll);
                  uint256 count = 0;
                  for (; count < totalUniqueCount && current > SENTINEL_BYTES21; ++count) {
                      results[count] = current.unpack();
                      current = dll.next[current];
                  }
                  return results;
              }
              function getHead(RepeatableBytes21DLL storage dll) internal view returns (FunctionReference memory) {
                  return dll.next[SENTINEL_BYTES21].unpack();
              }
              function getTail(RepeatableBytes21DLL storage dll) internal view returns (FunctionReference memory) {
                  return dll.prev[SENTINEL_BYTES21].unpack();
              }
              function getHeadWithoutUnpack(RepeatableBytes21DLL storage dll) private view returns (bytes21) {
                  return dll.next[SENTINEL_BYTES21];
              }
              function getTailWithoutUnpack(RepeatableBytes21DLL storage dll) private view returns (bytes21) {
                  return dll.prev[SENTINEL_BYTES21];
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {AddressDLL} from "../../shared/common/Structs.sol";
          import {ExecutionDetail, PermittedExternalCall, PluginDetail} from "../common/Structs.sol";
          /// @dev The same storage will be used for v1.x.y of MSCAs.
          library WalletStorageV1Lib {
              // @notice When we initially calculated the storage slot, EIP-7201 was still under active discussion,
              // so we didn’t fully adopt the storage alignment proposed by the EIP, which reduces gas costs
              // for subsequent operations, as a single cold storage access warms all 256 slots within the group.
              // To avoid introducing breaking changes and the complexity of migration, we chose not to make changes midway.
              // For v2 accounts, which will feature a different storage layout, we will adopt EIP-7201.
              // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256(abi.encode("circle.msca.v1.storage"))) - 1))
              bytes32 internal constant WALLET_STORAGE_SLOT = 0xc6a0cc20c824c4eecc4b0fbb7fb297d07492a7bd12c83d4fa4d27b4249f9bfc8;
              struct Layout {
                  // installed plugin addresses for quick query
                  AddressDLL installedPlugins;
                  // installed plugin details such as manifest, dependencies
                  mapping(address => PluginDetail) pluginDetails;
                  // permissions for executeFromPlugin into another plugin
                  // callingPluginAddress => callingExecutionSelector => permittedOrNot
                  mapping(address => mapping(bytes4 => bool)) permittedPluginCalls;
                  // permissions for executeFromPluginExternal into external contract
                  // callingPluginAddress => targetContractAddress => permission
                  mapping(address => mapping(address => PermittedExternalCall)) permittedExternalCalls;
                  // list of ERC-165 interfaceIds to add to account to support introspection checks
                  // interfaceId => counter
                  mapping(bytes4 => uint256) supportedInterfaces;
                  // find plugin or native function execution detail by selector
                  mapping(bytes4 => ExecutionDetail) executionDetails;
                  /// indicates that the contract has been initialized
                  uint8 initialized;
                  /// indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized
                  bool initializing;
                  // optional fields
                  address owner;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Function to read structured wallet storage.
               */
              function getLayout() internal pure returns (Layout storage walletStorage) {
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                  assembly ("memory-safe") {
                      walletStorage.slot := WALLET_STORAGE_SLOT
                  }
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {
              EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE,
              SENTINEL_BYTES21,
              WALLET_AUTHOR,
              WALLET_VERSION_1
          } from "../../../../common/Constants.sol";
          import {UnauthorizedCaller} from "../../../../common/Errors.sol";
          import {ExecutionUtils} from "../../../../utils/ExecutionUtils.sol";
          import {
              InvalidAuthorizer,
              InvalidExecutionFunction,
              InvalidValidationFunctionId,
              NotFoundSelector
          } from "../../shared/common/Errors.sol";
          import {AddressDLL, ValidationData} from "../../shared/common/Structs.sol";
          import {AddressDLLLib} from "../../shared/libs/AddressDLLLib.sol";
          import {ValidationDataLib} from "../../shared/libs/ValidationDataLib.sol";
          import {
              PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE,
              RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
          } from "../common/Constants.sol";
          import {
              Call,
              ExecutionDetail,
              ExecutionFunctionConfig,
              ExecutionHooks,
              FunctionReference,
              HookGroup,
              PostExecHookToRun,
              RepeatableBytes21DLL
          } from "../common/Structs.sol";
          import {IAccountLoupe} from "../interfaces/IAccountLoupe.sol";
          import {IPlugin} from "../interfaces/IPlugin.sol";
          import {IPluginExecutor} from "../interfaces/IPluginExecutor.sol";
          import {IPluginManager} from "../interfaces/IPluginManager.sol";
          import {IStandardExecutor} from "../interfaces/IStandardExecutor.sol";
          import {ExecutionHookLib} from "../libs/ExecutionHookLib.sol";
          import {FunctionReferenceLib} from "../libs/FunctionReferenceLib.sol";
          import {RepeatableFunctionReferenceDLLLib} from "../libs/RepeatableFunctionReferenceDLLLib.sol";
          import {SelectorRegistryLib} from "../libs/SelectorRegistryLib.sol";
          import {WalletStorageV1Lib} from "../libs/WalletStorageV1Lib.sol";
          import {PluginExecutor} from "../managers/PluginExecutor.sol";
          import {PluginManager} from "../managers/PluginManager.sol";
          import {StandardExecutor} from "../managers/StandardExecutor.sol";
          import {WalletStorageInitializable} from "./WalletStorageInitializable.sol";
          import {IEntryPoint} from "@account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/IEntryPoint.sol";
          import {UserOperation} from "@account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/UserOperation.sol";
          import {IERC165} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Base MSCA implementation with **authentication**.
           * This contract provides the basic logic for implementing the MSCA interfaces;
           * specific account implementation should inherit this contract.
           */
          abstract contract BaseMSCA is
              WalletStorageInitializable,
              IPluginManager,
              IAccountLoupe,
              IStandardExecutor,
              IPluginExecutor,
              IERC165
          {
              using RepeatableFunctionReferenceDLLLib for RepeatableBytes21DLL;
              using FunctionReferenceLib for bytes21;
              using FunctionReferenceLib for FunctionReference;
              using ExecutionHookLib for HookGroup;
              using ExecutionHookLib for PostExecHookToRun[];
              using ExecutionUtils for address;
              using PluginExecutor for bytes;
              using StandardExecutor for address;
              using StandardExecutor for Call[];
              using AddressDLLLib for AddressDLL;
              using ValidationDataLib for ValidationData;
              using SelectorRegistryLib for bytes4;
              string public constant AUTHOR = WALLET_AUTHOR;
              string public constant VERSION = WALLET_VERSION_1;
              // 4337 related immutable storage
              IEntryPoint public immutable ENTRY_POINT;
              PluginManager public immutable PLUGIN_MANAGER;
              error NotNativeFunctionSelector(bytes4 selector);
              error InvalidHookFunctionId(uint8 functionId);
              error PreRuntimeValidationHookFailed(address plugin, uint8 functionId, bytes revertReason);
              error RuntimeValidationFailed(address plugin, uint8 functionId, bytes revertReason);
              /**
               * @dev Wraps execution of a native function (as opposed to a function added by plugins) with runtime validations
               * (not from EP)
               *      and hooks. Used by execute, executeBatch, installPlugin, uninstallPlugin, upgradeTo and upgradeToAndCall.
               *      If the call is from entry point, then validateUserOp will run.
               *      https://eips.ethereum.org/assets/eip-6900/Modular_Account_Call_Flow.svg
               */
              modifier validateNativeFunction() {
                  PostExecHookToRun[] memory postExecHooks = _processPreExecHooks();
                  _;
                  postExecHooks._processPostExecHooks();
              }
              /**
               * @dev This function allows entry point or SA itself to execute certain actions.
               * If the caller is not authorized, the function will revert with an error message.
               */
              modifier onlyFromEntryPointOrSelf() {
                  _checkAccessRuleFromEPOrAcctItself();
                  _;
              }
              constructor(IEntryPoint _newEntryPoint, PluginManager _newPluginManager) {
                  ENTRY_POINT = _newEntryPoint;
                  PLUGIN_MANAGER = _newPluginManager;
                  // lock the implementation contract so it can only be called from proxies
                  _disableWalletStorageInitializers();
              }
              receive() external payable {}
              /// @notice Manage fallback calls made to the plugins.
              /// @dev Route calls to execution functions based on incoming msg.sig
              ///      If there's no plugin associated with this function selector, revert
              // solhint-disable-next-line no-complex-fallback
              fallback(bytes calldata) external payable returns (bytes memory result) {
                  if (msg.data.length < 4) {
                      revert NotFoundSelector();
                  }
                  // run runtime validation before we load the executionDetail because validation may update account state
                  if (msg.sender != address(ENTRY_POINT)) {
                      // ENTRY_POINT should go through validateUserOp flow which calls userOpValidationFunction
                      _processPreRuntimeHooksAndValidation(msg.sig);
                  }
                  // load the executionDetail before we run the preExecHooks because they may modify the plugins
                  ExecutionDetail storage executionDetail = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().executionDetails[msg.sig];
                  address executionFunctionPlugin = executionDetail.plugin;
                  // valid plugin address should not be 0
                  if (executionFunctionPlugin == address(0)) {
                      revert InvalidExecutionFunction(msg.sig);
                  }
                  PostExecHookToRun[] memory postExecHooks = executionDetail.executionHooks._processPreExecHooks(msg.data);
                  result = ExecutionUtils.callWithReturnDataOrRevert(executionFunctionPlugin, msg.value, msg.data);
                  postExecHooks._processPostExecHooks();
                  return result;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return the ENTRY_POINT used by this account.
               * subclass should return the current ENTRY_POINT used by this account.
               */
              function getEntryPoint() external view returns (IEntryPoint) {
                  return ENTRY_POINT;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Validate user's signature and nonce.
               * subclass doesn't need to override this method. Instead, it should override the specific internal validation
               * methods.
               */
              function validateUserOp(UserOperation calldata userOp, bytes32 userOpHash, uint256 missingAccountFunds)
                  external
                  virtual
                  returns (uint256 validationData)
              {
                  if (msg.sender != address(ENTRY_POINT)) {
                      revert UnauthorizedCaller();
                  }
                  validationData = _authenticateAndAuthorizeUserOp(userOp, userOpHash);
                  if (missingAccountFunds != 0) {
                      (bool success,) = payable(msg.sender).call{value: missingAccountFunds, gas: type(uint256).max}("");
                      (success);
                      // ignore failure (its EntryPoint's job to verify, not account.)
                  }
              }
              /// @notice ERC165 introspection https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165
              /// @dev returns true for `IERC165.interfaceId` and false for `0xFFFFFFFF`
              /// @param interfaceId interface id to check against
              /// @return bool support for specific interface
              function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
                  if (interfaceId == 0xffffffff) {
                      return false;
                  }
                  if (interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId) {
                      return true;
                  }
                  return WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().supportedInterfaces[interfaceId] > 0;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return the account nonce.
               * This method returns the next sequential nonce.
               * For a nonce of a specific key, use `entrypoint.getNonce(account, key)`
               */
              function getNonce() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
                  return ENTRY_POINT.getNonce(address(this), 0);
              }
              function installPlugin(
                  address plugin,
                  bytes32 manifestHash,
                  bytes memory pluginInstallData,
                  FunctionReference[] memory dependencies
              ) external override validateNativeFunction {
                  bytes memory data = abi.encodeCall(
                      PluginManager.install, (plugin, manifestHash, pluginInstallData, dependencies, address(this))
                  );
                  address(PLUGIN_MANAGER).delegateCall(data);
                  emit PluginInstalled(plugin, manifestHash, dependencies);
              }
              function uninstallPlugin(address plugin, bytes memory config, bytes memory pluginUninstallData)
                  external
                  override
                  validateNativeFunction
              {
                  bytes memory data = abi.encodeCall(PluginManager.uninstall, (plugin, config, pluginUninstallData));
                  address(PLUGIN_MANAGER).delegateCall(data);
                  emit PluginUninstalled(plugin, true);
              }
              function execute(address target, uint256 value, bytes calldata data)
                  external
                  payable
                  override
                  validateNativeFunction
                  returns (bytes memory returnData)
              {
                  return target.execute(value, data);
              }
              function executeBatch(Call[] calldata calls)
                  external
                  payable
                  override
                  validateNativeFunction
                  returns (bytes[] memory returnData)
              {
                  return calls.executeBatch();
              }
              function executeFromPlugin(bytes calldata data) external payable override returns (bytes memory) {
                  return data.executeFromPlugin();
              }
              function executeFromPluginExternal(address target, uint256 value, bytes calldata data)
                  external
                  payable
                  override
                  returns (bytes memory)
              {
                  return data.executeFromPluginToExternal(target, value);
              }
              /// @notice Gets the validation functions and plugin address for a selector
              /// @dev If the selector is a native function, the plugin address will be the address of the account
              /// @param selector The selector to get the configuration for
              /// @return executionFunctionConfig The configuration for this selector
              function getExecutionFunctionConfig(bytes4 selector)
                  external
                  view
                  returns (ExecutionFunctionConfig memory executionFunctionConfig)
              {
                  WalletStorageV1Lib.Layout storage walletStorage = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout();
                  if (selector._isNativeFunctionSelector()) {
                      executionFunctionConfig.plugin = address(this);
                  } else {
                      executionFunctionConfig.plugin = walletStorage.executionDetails[selector].plugin;
                  }
                  executionFunctionConfig.userOpValidationFunction =
                      walletStorage.executionDetails[selector].userOpValidationFunction;
                  executionFunctionConfig.runtimeValidationFunction =
                      walletStorage.executionDetails[selector].runtimeValidationFunction;
                  return executionFunctionConfig;
              }
              /// @notice Gets the pre and post execution hooks for a selector
              /// @param selector The selector to get the hooks for
              /// @return executionHooks The pre and post execution hooks for this selector
              function getExecutionHooks(bytes4 selector) external view returns (ExecutionHooks[] memory executionHooks) {
                  return WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().executionDetails[selector].executionHooks._getExecutionHooks();
              }
              /// @notice Gets the pre user op and runtime validation hooks associated with a selector
              /// @param selector The selector to get the hooks for
              /// @return preUserOpValidationHooks The pre user op validation hooks for this selector
              /// @return preRuntimeValidationHooks The pre runtime validation hooks for this selector
              function getPreValidationHooks(bytes4 selector)
                  external
                  view
                  returns (
                      FunctionReference[] memory preUserOpValidationHooks,
                      FunctionReference[] memory preRuntimeValidationHooks
                  )
              {
                  preUserOpValidationHooks =
                      WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().executionDetails[selector].preUserOpValidationHooks.getAll();
                  preRuntimeValidationHooks =
                      WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().executionDetails[selector].preRuntimeValidationHooks.getAll();
                  return (preUserOpValidationHooks, preRuntimeValidationHooks);
              }
              /// @notice Gets an array of all installed plugins
              /// @return pluginAddresses The addresses of all installed plugins
              function getInstalledPlugins() external view returns (address[] memory pluginAddresses) {
                  return WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().installedPlugins.getAll();
              }
              /**
               * Check current account deposit in the ENTRY_POINT.
               */
              function getDeposit() public view returns (uint256) {
                  return ENTRY_POINT.balanceOf(address(this));
              }
              /**
               * Deposit more funds for this account in the ENTRY_POINT.
               */
              function addDeposit() public payable {
                  ENTRY_POINT.depositTo{value: msg.value}(address(this));
              }
              /**
               * Withdraw value from the account's deposit.
               * @param withdrawAddress target to send to
               * @param amount to withdraw
               */
              function withdrawDepositTo(address payable withdrawAddress, uint256 amount) public onlyFromEntryPointOrSelf {
                  ENTRY_POINT.withdrawTo(withdrawAddress, amount);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Authenticate and authorize this userOp. OnlyFromEntryPoint is applied in the caller.
               * @param userOp validate the userOp.signature field
               * @param userOpHash convenient field: the hash of the request, to check the signature against
               *          (also hashes the entrypoint and chain id)
               * @return validationData signature and time-range of this operation
               *      <20-byte> sigAuthorizer - 0 for valid signature, 1 to mark signature failure,
               *         otherwise, an address of an "authorizer" contract.
               *      <6-byte> validUntil - last timestamp this operation is valid. 0 for "indefinite"
               *      <6-byte> validAfter - first timestamp this operation is valid
               *      If the account doesn't use time-range, it is enough to return SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED value (1) for signature
               * failure.
               *      Note that the validation code cannot use block.timestamp (or block.number) directly due to the storage rule.
               */
              function _authenticateAndAuthorizeUserOp(UserOperation calldata userOp, bytes32 userOpHash)
                  internal
                  virtual
                  returns (uint256 validationData)
              {
                  // onlyFromEntryPoint is applied in the caller
                  // if there is no function defined for the selector, or if userOp.callData.length < 4, then execution MUST
                  // revert
                  if (userOp.callData.length < 4) {
                      revert NotFoundSelector();
                  }
                  bytes4 selector = bytes4(userOp.callData[0:4]);
                  if (selector == bytes4(0)) {
                      revert NotFoundSelector();
                  }
                  ExecutionDetail storage executionDetail = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().executionDetails[selector];
                  FunctionReference memory validationFunction = executionDetail.userOpValidationFunction;
                  bytes21 packedValidationFunction = validationFunction.pack();
                  if (
                      packedValidationFunction == EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                          || packedValidationFunction == RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                          || packedValidationFunction == PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                  ) {
                      revert InvalidValidationFunctionId(validationFunction.functionId);
                  }
                  // pre hook
                  ValidationData memory unpackedValidationData =
                      _processPreUserOpValidationHooks(executionDetail, userOp, userOpHash);
                  IPlugin userOpValidatorPlugin = IPlugin(validationFunction.plugin);
                  // execute the validation function with the user operation and its hash as parameters using the call opcode
                  uint256 currentValidationData = userOpValidatorPlugin.userOpValidationFunction(
                      executionDetail.userOpValidationFunction.functionId, userOp, userOpHash
                  );
                  // intercept with validation function call
                  unpackedValidationData = unpackedValidationData._intersectValidationData(currentValidationData);
                  if (unpackedValidationData.authorizer != address(0) && unpackedValidationData.authorizer != address(1)) {
                      // only revert on unexpected values
                      revert InvalidAuthorizer();
                  }
                  validationData = unpackedValidationData._packValidationData();
              }
              /**
               * @dev Default validation logic is from installed plugins. However, you can override this validation logic in MSCA
               *      implementations. For instance, semi MSCA such as single owner semi MSCA may want to honor the validation
               *      from native owner.
               */
              function _processPreRuntimeHooksAndValidation(bytes4 selector) internal virtual {
                  FunctionReference memory validationFunction =
                      WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().executionDetails[selector].runtimeValidationFunction;
                  bytes21 packedValidationFunction = validationFunction.pack();
                  if (
                      packedValidationFunction == EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                          || packedValidationFunction == PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                  ) {
                      revert InvalidValidationFunctionId(validationFunction.functionId);
                  }
                  RepeatableBytes21DLL storage preRuntimeValidationHooksDLL =
                      WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().executionDetails[selector].preRuntimeValidationHooks;
                  uint256 totalUniqueHookCount = preRuntimeValidationHooksDLL.getUniqueItems();
                  FunctionReference memory startHook = EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE.unpack();
                  FunctionReference[] memory preRuntimeValidationHooks;
                  FunctionReference memory nextHook;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalUniqueHookCount; ++i) {
                      (preRuntimeValidationHooks, nextHook) = preRuntimeValidationHooksDLL.getPaginated(startHook, 10);
                      for (uint256 j = 0; j < preRuntimeValidationHooks.length; ++j) {
                          // revert on EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE, RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE,
                          // PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                          // if any revert, the outer call MUST revert
                          bytes21 packedPreRuntimeValidationHook = preRuntimeValidationHooks[j].pack();
                          if (
                              packedPreRuntimeValidationHook == EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                                  || packedPreRuntimeValidationHook == RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                                  || packedPreRuntimeValidationHook == PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                          ) {
                              revert InvalidValidationFunctionId(preRuntimeValidationHooks[j].functionId);
                          }
                          IPlugin preRuntimeValidationHookPlugin = IPlugin(preRuntimeValidationHooks[j].plugin);
                          // solhint-disable no-empty-blocks
                          try preRuntimeValidationHookPlugin.preRuntimeValidationHook(
                              preRuntimeValidationHooks[j].functionId, msg.sender, msg.value, msg.data
                          ) {} catch (bytes memory revertReason) {
                              revert PreRuntimeValidationHookFailed(
                                  preRuntimeValidationHooks[j].plugin, preRuntimeValidationHooks[j].functionId, revertReason
                              );
                          }
                          // solhint-enable no-empty-blocks
                      }
                      if (nextHook.pack() == SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                          break;
                      }
                      startHook = nextHook;
                  }
                  // call runtimeValidationFunction if it's not always allowed
                  if (packedValidationFunction != RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE) {
                      // solhint-disable no-empty-blocks
                      try IPlugin(validationFunction.plugin).runtimeValidationFunction(
                          validationFunction.functionId, msg.sender, msg.value, msg.data
                      ) {} catch (bytes memory revertReason) {
                          revert RuntimeValidationFailed(validationFunction.plugin, validationFunction.functionId, revertReason);
                      }
                      // solhint-enable no-empty-blocks
                  }
              }
              /// @dev Also runs runtime hooks and validation if msg.sender is not from entry point.
              function _processPreExecHooks() internal returns (PostExecHookToRun[] memory) {
                  if (!msg.sig._isNativeFunctionSelector()) {
                      revert NotNativeFunctionSelector(msg.sig);
                  }
                  if (msg.sender != address(ENTRY_POINT)) {
                      // ENTRY_POINT should go through validateUserOp flow which calls userOpValidationFunction
                      _processPreRuntimeHooksAndValidation(msg.sig);
                  }
                  return WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().executionDetails[msg.sig].executionHooks._processPreExecHooks(msg.data);
              }
              function _processPreUserOpValidationHooks(
                  ExecutionDetail storage executionDetail,
                  UserOperation calldata userOp,
                  bytes32 userOpHash
              ) internal virtual returns (ValidationData memory unpackedValidationData) {
                  unpackedValidationData = ValidationData(0, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF, address(0));
                  // if the function selector has associated pre user operation validation hooks, then those hooks MUST be run
                  // sequentially
                  uint256 totalUniqueHookCount = executionDetail.preUserOpValidationHooks.getUniqueItems();
                  FunctionReference memory startHook = EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE.unpack();
                  FunctionReference[] memory preUserOpValidatorHooks;
                  FunctionReference memory nextHook;
                  uint256 currentValidationData;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalUniqueHookCount; ++i) {
                      (preUserOpValidatorHooks, nextHook) = executionDetail.preUserOpValidationHooks.getPaginated(startHook, 10);
                      for (uint256 j = 0; j < preUserOpValidatorHooks.length; ++j) {
                          bytes21 packedUserOpValidatorHook = preUserOpValidatorHooks[j].pack();
                          // if any revert, the outer call MUST revert
                          if (
                              packedUserOpValidatorHook == EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                                  || packedUserOpValidatorHook == RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                                  || packedUserOpValidatorHook == PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                          ) {
                              revert InvalidHookFunctionId(preUserOpValidatorHooks[j].functionId);
                          }
                          IPlugin preUserOpValidationHookPlugin = IPlugin(preUserOpValidatorHooks[j].plugin);
                          currentValidationData = preUserOpValidationHookPlugin.preUserOpValidationHook(
                              preUserOpValidatorHooks[j].functionId, userOp, userOpHash
                          );
                          unpackedValidationData = unpackedValidationData._intersectValidationData(currentValidationData);
                          // if any return an authorizer value other than 0 or 1, execution MUST revert
                          if (unpackedValidationData.authorizer != address(0) && unpackedValidationData.authorizer != address(1))
                          {
                              revert InvalidAuthorizer();
                          }
                      }
                      if (nextHook.pack() == SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                          break;
                      }
                      startHook = nextHook;
                  }
                  return unpackedValidationData;
              }
              function _checkAccessRuleFromEPOrAcctItself() internal view {
                  if (msg.sender != address(ENTRY_POINT) && msg.sender != address(this)) {
                      revert UnauthorizedCaller();
                  }
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
          pragma solidity ^0.8.12;
          /* solhint-disable no-inline-assembly */
          import {calldataKeccak} from "../core/Helpers.sol";
          /**
           * User Operation struct
           * @param sender the sender account of this request.
               * @param nonce unique value the sender uses to verify it is not a replay.
               * @param initCode if set, the account contract will be created by this constructor/
               * @param callData the method call to execute on this account.
               * @param callGasLimit the gas limit passed to the callData method call.
               * @param verificationGasLimit gas used for validateUserOp and validatePaymasterUserOp.
               * @param preVerificationGas gas not calculated by the handleOps method, but added to the gas paid. Covers batch overhead.
               * @param maxFeePerGas same as EIP-1559 gas parameter.
               * @param maxPriorityFeePerGas same as EIP-1559 gas parameter.
               * @param paymasterAndData if set, this field holds the paymaster address and paymaster-specific data. the paymaster will pay for the transaction instead of the sender.
               * @param signature sender-verified signature over the entire request, the EntryPoint address and the chain ID.
               */
              struct UserOperation {
                  address sender;
                  uint256 nonce;
                  bytes initCode;
                  bytes callData;
                  uint256 callGasLimit;
                  uint256 verificationGasLimit;
                  uint256 preVerificationGas;
                  uint256 maxFeePerGas;
                  uint256 maxPriorityFeePerGas;
                  bytes paymasterAndData;
                  bytes signature;
              }
          /**
           * Utility functions helpful when working with UserOperation structs.
           */
          library UserOperationLib {
              function getSender(UserOperation calldata userOp) internal pure returns (address) {
                  address data;
                  //read sender from userOp, which is first userOp member (saves 800 gas...)
                  assembly {data := calldataload(userOp)}
                  return address(uint160(data));
              }
              //relayer/block builder might submit the TX with higher priorityFee, but the user should not
              // pay above what he signed for.
              function gasPrice(UserOperation calldata userOp) internal view returns (uint256) {
              unchecked {
                  uint256 maxFeePerGas = userOp.maxFeePerGas;
                  uint256 maxPriorityFeePerGas = userOp.maxPriorityFeePerGas;
                  if (maxFeePerGas == maxPriorityFeePerGas) {
                      //legacy mode (for networks that don't support basefee opcode)
                      return maxFeePerGas;
                  }
                  return min(maxFeePerGas, maxPriorityFeePerGas + block.basefee);
              }
              }
              function pack(UserOperation calldata userOp) internal pure returns (bytes memory ret) {
                  address sender = getSender(userOp);
                  uint256 nonce = userOp.nonce;
                  bytes32 hashInitCode = calldataKeccak(userOp.initCode);
                  bytes32 hashCallData = calldataKeccak(userOp.callData);
                  uint256 callGasLimit = userOp.callGasLimit;
                  uint256 verificationGasLimit = userOp.verificationGasLimit;
                  uint256 preVerificationGas = userOp.preVerificationGas;
                  uint256 maxFeePerGas = userOp.maxFeePerGas;
                  uint256 maxPriorityFeePerGas = userOp.maxPriorityFeePerGas;
                  bytes32 hashPaymasterAndData = calldataKeccak(userOp.paymasterAndData);
                  return abi.encode(
                      sender, nonce,
                      hashInitCode, hashCallData,
                      callGasLimit, verificationGasLimit, preVerificationGas,
                      maxFeePerGas, maxPriorityFeePerGas,
                      hashPaymasterAndData
                  );
              }
              function hash(UserOperation calldata userOp) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                  return keccak256(pack(userOp));
              }
              function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  return a < b ? a : b;
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol";
          import "../ERC1967/ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable.sol";
          import {Initializable} from "./Initializable.sol";
          /**
           * @dev An upgradeability mechanism designed for UUPS proxies. The functions included here can perform an upgrade of an
           * {ERC1967Proxy}, when this contract is set as the implementation behind such a proxy.
           *
           * A security mechanism ensures that an upgrade does not turn off upgradeability accidentally, although this risk is
           * reinstated if the upgrade retains upgradeability but removes the security mechanism, e.g. by replacing
           * `UUPSUpgradeable` with a custom implementation of upgrades.
           *
           * The {_authorizeUpgrade} function must be overridden to include access restriction to the upgrade mechanism.
           *
           * _Available since v4.1._
           */
          abstract contract UUPSUpgradeable is Initializable, IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable, ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable {
              /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable state-variable-assignment
              address private immutable __self = address(this);
              /**
               * @dev Check that the execution is being performed through a delegatecall call and that the execution context is
               * a proxy contract with an implementation (as defined in ERC1967) pointing to self. This should only be the case
               * for UUPS and transparent proxies that are using the current contract as their implementation. Execution of a
               * function through ERC1167 minimal proxies (clones) would not normally pass this test, but is not guaranteed to
               * fail.
               */
              modifier onlyProxy() {
                  require(address(this) != __self, "Function must be called through delegatecall");
                  require(_getImplementation() == __self, "Function must be called through active proxy");
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Check that the execution is not being performed through a delegate call. This allows a function to be
               * callable on the implementing contract but not through proxies.
               */
              modifier notDelegated() {
                  require(address(this) == __self, "UUPSUpgradeable: must not be called through delegatecall");
                  _;
              }
              function __UUPSUpgradeable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
              }
              function __UUPSUpgradeable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
              }
              /**
               * @dev Implementation of the ERC1822 {proxiableUUID} function. This returns the storage slot used by the
               * implementation. It is used to validate the implementation's compatibility when performing an upgrade.
               *
               * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
               * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
               * function revert if invoked through a proxy. This is guaranteed by the `notDelegated` modifier.
               */
              function proxiableUUID() external view virtual override notDelegated returns (bytes32) {
                  return _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`.
               *
               * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
               *
               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
               *
               * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow-reachable delegatecall
               */
              function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) public virtual onlyProxy {
                  _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
                  _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, new bytes(0), false);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`, and subsequently execute the function call
               * encoded in `data`.
               *
               * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
               *
               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
               *
               * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow-reachable delegatecall
               */
              function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) public payable virtual onlyProxy {
                  _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
                  _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, data, true);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Function that should revert when `msg.sender` is not authorized to upgrade the contract. Called by
               * {upgradeTo} and {upgradeToAndCall}.
               *
               * Normally, this function will use an xref:access.adoc[access control] modifier such as {Ownable-onlyOwner}.
               *
               * ```solidity
               * function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal override onlyOwner {}
               * ```
               */
              function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal virtual;
              /**
               * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
               * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
               * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
               */
              uint256[50] private __gap;
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (interfaces/IERC1271.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev Interface of the ERC1271 standard signature validation method for
           * contracts as defined in https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1271[ERC-1271].
           *
           * _Available since v4.1._
           */
          interface IERC1271 {
              /**
               * @dev Should return whether the signature provided is valid for the provided data
               * @param hash      Hash of the data to be signed
               * @param signature Signature byte array associated with _data
               */
              function isValidSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) external view returns (bytes4 magicValue);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC1155/IERC1155Receiver.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";
          /**
           * @dev _Available since v3.1._
           */
          interface IERC1155Receiver is IERC165 {
              /**
               * @dev Handles the receipt of a single ERC1155 token type. This function is
               * called at the end of a `safeTransferFrom` after the balance has been updated.
               *
               * NOTE: To accept the transfer, this must return
               * `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155Received(address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)"))`
               * (i.e. 0xf23a6e61, or its own function selector).
               *
               * @param operator The address which initiated the transfer (i.e. msg.sender)
               * @param from The address which previously owned the token
               * @param id The ID of the token being transferred
               * @param value The amount of tokens being transferred
               * @param data Additional data with no specified format
               * @return `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155Received(address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)"))` if transfer is allowed
               */
              function onERC1155Received(
                  address operator,
                  address from,
                  uint256 id,
                  uint256 value,
                  bytes calldata data
              ) external returns (bytes4);
              /**
               * @dev Handles the receipt of a multiple ERC1155 token types. This function
               * is called at the end of a `safeBatchTransferFrom` after the balances have
               * been updated.
               *
               * NOTE: To accept the transfer(s), this must return
               * `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155BatchReceived(address,address,uint256[],uint256[],bytes)"))`
               * (i.e. 0xbc197c81, or its own function selector).
               *
               * @param operator The address which initiated the batch transfer (i.e. msg.sender)
               * @param from The address which previously owned the token
               * @param ids An array containing ids of each token being transferred (order and length must match values array)
               * @param values An array containing amounts of each token being transferred (order and length must match ids array)
               * @param data Additional data with no specified format
               * @return `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155BatchReceived(address,address,uint256[],uint256[],bytes)"))` if transfer is allowed
               */
              function onERC1155BatchReceived(
                  address operator,
                  address from,
                  uint256[] calldata ids,
                  uint256[] calldata values,
                  bytes calldata data
              ) external returns (bytes4);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
           * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
           * from ERC721 asset contracts.
           */
          interface IERC721Receiver {
              /**
               * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
               * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
               *
               * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
               * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
               *
               * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
               */
              function onERC721Received(
                  address operator,
                  address from,
                  uint256 tokenId,
                  bytes calldata data
              ) external returns (bytes4);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          import "../Strings.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
           *
           * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
           * of the private keys of a given address.
           */
          library ECDSA {
              enum RecoverError {
                  NoError,
                  InvalidSignature,
                  InvalidSignatureLength,
                  InvalidSignatureS,
                  InvalidSignatureV // Deprecated in v4.8
              }
              function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
                  if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
                      return; // no error: do nothing
                  } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
                      revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
                  } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
                      revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
                  } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
                      revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
               * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
               *
               * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
               * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
               * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
               *
               * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
               * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
               * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
               * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
               * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
               *
               * Documentation for signature generation:
               * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
               * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
               *
               * _Available since v4.3._
               */
              function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
                  if (signature.length == 65) {
                      bytes32 r;
                      bytes32 s;
                      uint8 v;
                      // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
                      // currently is to use assembly.
                      /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                      assembly {
                          r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                          s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                          v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
                      }
                      return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
                  } else {
                      return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
               * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
               *
               * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
               * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
               * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
               *
               * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
               * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
               * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
               * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
               * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
               */
              function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
                  (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
                  _throwError(error);
                  return recovered;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
               *
               * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
               *
               * _Available since v4.3._
               */
              function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
                  bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
                  uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
                  return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
               *
               * _Available since v4.2._
               */
              function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address) {
                  (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
                  _throwError(error);
                  return recovered;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
               * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
               *
               * _Available since v4.3._
               */
              function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
                  // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
                  // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
                  // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
                  // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
                  //
                  // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
                  // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
                  // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
                  // these malleable signatures as well.
                  if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
                      return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
                  }
                  // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
                  address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
                  if (signer == address(0)) {
                      return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
                  }
                  return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
               * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
               */
              function recover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address) {
                  (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
                  _throwError(error);
                  return recovered;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
               * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
               * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
               * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
               *
               * See {recover}.
               */
              function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32 message) {
                  // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
                  // enforced by the type signature above
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      mstore(0x00, "\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
          32")
                      mstore(0x1c, hash)
                      message := keccak256(0x00, 0x3c)
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
               * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
               * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
               * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
               *
               * See {recover}.
               */
              function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                  return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
          ", Strings.toString(s.length), s));
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
               * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
               * to the one signed with the
               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
               * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
               *
               * See {recover}.
               */
              function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 data) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      let ptr := mload(0x40)
                      mstore(ptr, "\\x19\\x01")
                      mstore(add(ptr, 0x02), domainSeparator)
                      mstore(add(ptr, 0x22), structHash)
                      data := keccak256(ptr, 0x42)
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Data with intended validator, created from a
               * `validator` and `data` according to the version 0 of EIP-191.
               *
               * See {recover}.
               */
              function toDataWithIntendedValidatorHash(address validator, bytes memory data) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                  return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\\x19\\x00", validator, data));
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {MessageHashUtils} from "../libs/MessageHashUtils.sol";
          abstract contract BaseERC712CompliantAccount {
              // keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)")
              bytes32 private constant _DOMAIN_SEPARATOR_TYPEHASH =
                  keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)");
              /// @notice Wraps a replay safe hash in an EIP-712 envelope to prevent cross-account replay attacks.
              /// domainSeparator = hashStruct(eip712Domain).
              /// eip712Domain = (string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)
              /// hashStruct(s) = keccak256(typeHash ‖ encodeData(s)) where typeHash = keccak256(encodeType(typeOf(s)))
              /// @param hash Message that should be hashed.
              /// @return Replay safe message hash.
              function getReplaySafeMessageHash(bytes32 hash) public view returns (bytes32) {
                  return MessageHashUtils.toTypedDataHash({
                      domainSeparator: keccak256(
                          abi.encode(
                              _DOMAIN_SEPARATOR_TYPEHASH, _getAccountName(), _getAccountVersion(), block.chainid, address(this)
                          )
                      ),
                      structHash: keccak256(abi.encode(_getAccountTypeHash(), hash))
                  });
              }
              /// @dev Returns the account message typehash.
              function _getAccountTypeHash() internal pure virtual returns (bytes32);
              /// @dev Returns the account name.
              function _getAccountName() internal pure virtual returns (bytes32);
              /// @dev Returns the account version.
              function _getAccountVersion() internal pure virtual returns (bytes32);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/cryptography/SignatureChecker.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          import "./ECDSA.sol";
          import "../../interfaces/IERC1271.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Signature verification helper that can be used instead of `ECDSA.recover` to seamlessly support both ECDSA
           * signatures from externally owned accounts (EOAs) as well as ERC1271 signatures from smart contract wallets like
           * Argent and Gnosis Safe.
           *
           * _Available since v4.1._
           */
          library SignatureChecker {
              /**
               * @dev Checks if a signature is valid for a given signer and data hash. If the signer is a smart contract, the
               * signature is validated against that smart contract using ERC1271, otherwise it's validated using `ECDSA.recover`.
               *
               * NOTE: Unlike ECDSA signatures, contract signatures are revocable, and the outcome of this function can thus
               * change through time. It could return true at block N and false at block N+1 (or the opposite).
               */
              function isValidSignatureNow(address signer, bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal view returns (bool) {
                  (address recovered, ECDSA.RecoverError error) = ECDSA.tryRecover(hash, signature);
                  return
                      (error == ECDSA.RecoverError.NoError && recovered == signer) ||
                      isValidERC1271SignatureNow(signer, hash, signature);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Checks if a signature is valid for a given signer and data hash. The signature is validated
               * against the signer smart contract using ERC1271.
               *
               * NOTE: Unlike ECDSA signatures, contract signatures are revocable, and the outcome of this function can thus
               * change through time. It could return true at block N and false at block N+1 (or the opposite).
               */
              function isValidERC1271SignatureNow(
                  address signer,
                  bytes32 hash,
                  bytes memory signature
              ) internal view returns (bool) {
                  (bool success, bytes memory result) = signer.staticcall(
                      abi.encodeWithSelector(IERC1271.isValidSignature.selector, hash, signature)
                  );
                  return (success &&
                      result.length >= 32 &&
                      abi.decode(result, (bytes32)) == bytes32(IERC1271.isValidSignature.selector));
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {InvalidLimit, ItemAlreadyExists, ItemDoesNotExist} from "../common/Errors.sol";
          import {AddressDLL} from "../common/Structs.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Enumerable & ordered doubly linked list built using mapping(address => address).
           *      Item is expected to be unique.
           */
          library AddressDLLLib {
              address internal constant SENTINEL_ADDRESS = address(0x0);
              uint160 internal constant SENTINEL_ADDRESS_UINT = 0;
              event AddressAdded(address indexed addr);
              event AddressRemoved(address indexed addr);
              error InvalidAddress();
              modifier validAddress(address addr) {
                  if (uint160(addr) <= SENTINEL_ADDRESS_UINT) {
                      revert InvalidAddress();
                  }
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Check if an item exists or not. O(1).
               */
              function contains(AddressDLL storage dll, address item) internal view returns (bool) {
                  if (item == SENTINEL_ADDRESS) {
                      // SENTINEL_ADDRESS is not a valid item
                      return false;
                  }
                  return getHead(dll) == item || dll.next[item] != SENTINEL_ADDRESS || dll.prev[item] != SENTINEL_ADDRESS;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Get the count of dll. O(1).
               */
              function size(AddressDLL storage dll) internal view returns (uint256) {
                  return dll.count;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Add an new item which did not exist before. Otherwise the function reverts. O(1).
               */
              function append(AddressDLL storage dll, address item) internal validAddress(item) returns (bool) {
                  if (contains(dll, item)) {
                      revert ItemAlreadyExists();
                  }
                  address prev = getTail(dll);
                  address next = SENTINEL_ADDRESS;
                  // prev.next = item
                  dll.next[prev] = item;
                  // item.next = next
                  dll.next[item] = next;
                  // next.prev = item
                  dll.prev[next] = item;
                  // item.prev = prev
                  dll.prev[item] = prev;
                  dll.count++;
                  emit AddressAdded(item);
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Remove an already existing item. Otherwise the function reverts. O(1).
               */
              function remove(AddressDLL storage dll, address item) internal validAddress(item) returns (bool) {
                  if (!contains(dll, item)) {
                      revert ItemDoesNotExist();
                  }
                  // item.prev.next = item.next
                  dll.next[dll.prev[item]] = dll.next[item];
                  // item.next.prev = item.prev
                  dll.prev[dll.next[item]] = dll.prev[item];
                  delete dll.next[item];
                  delete dll.prev[item];
                  dll.count--;
                  emit AddressRemoved(item);
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return paginated addresses and next pointer address. O(n).
               * @param start Starting address, inclusive, if start == address(0x0), this method searches from the head.
               */
              function getPaginated(AddressDLL storage dll, address start, uint256 limit)
                  internal
                  view
                  returns (address[] memory, address)
              {
                  if (limit == 0) {
                      revert InvalidLimit();
                  }
                  address[] memory results = new address[](limit);
                  address current = start;
                  if (start == SENTINEL_ADDRESS) {
                      current = getHead(dll);
                  }
                  uint256 count = 0;
                  for (; count < limit && uint160(current) > SENTINEL_ADDRESS_UINT; ++count) {
                      results[count] = current;
                      current = dll.next[current];
                  }
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                  assembly ("memory-safe") {
                      mstore(results, count)
                  }
                  return (results, current);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return all the data. O(n).
               */
              function getAll(AddressDLL storage dll) internal view returns (address[] memory results) {
                  uint256 totalCount = size(dll);
                  results = new address[](totalCount);
                  address current = getHead(dll);
                  uint256 count = 0;
                  for (; count < totalCount && uint160(current) > SENTINEL_ADDRESS_UINT; ++count) {
                      results[count] = current;
                      current = dll.next[current];
                  }
                  return results;
              }
              function getHead(AddressDLL storage dll) internal view returns (address) {
                  return dll.next[SENTINEL_ADDRESS];
              }
              function getTail(AddressDLL storage dll) internal view returns (address) {
                  return dll.prev[SENTINEL_ADDRESS];
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          // Plugin Manifest
          enum ManifestAssociatedFunctionType {
              // Function is not defined.
              NONE,
              // Function belongs to this plugin.
              SELF,
              // Function belongs to an external plugin provided as a dependency during plugin installation.
              DEPENDENCY,
              // Resolves to a magic value to always bypass runtime validation for a given function.
              // This is only assignable on runtime validation functions. If it were to be used on a user op validation function,
              // it would risk burning gas from the account. When used as a hook in any hook location, it is equivalent to not
              // setting a hook and is therefore disallowed.
              RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW,
              // Resolves to a magic value to always fail in a hook for a given function.
              // This is only assignable to pre hooks (pre validation and pre execution). It should not be used on
              // validation functions themselves, because this is equivalent to leaving the validation functions unset.
              // It should not be used in post-exec hooks, because if it is known to always revert, that should happen
              // as early as possible to save gas.
              PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY
          }
          /// @dev For functions of type `ManifestAssociatedFunctionType.DEPENDENCY`, the MSCA MUST find the plugin address
          /// of the function at `dependencies[dependencyIndex]` during the call to `installPlugin(config)`.
          struct ManifestFunction {
              ManifestAssociatedFunctionType functionType;
              uint8 functionId;
              uint256 dependencyIndex;
          }
          struct ManifestAssociatedFunction {
              bytes4 executionSelector;
              ManifestFunction associatedFunction;
          }
          struct ManifestExecutionHook {
              bytes4 selector;
              ManifestFunction preExecHook;
              ManifestFunction postExecHook;
          }
          struct ManifestExternalCallPermission {
              address externalAddress;
              bool permitAnySelector;
              bytes4[] selectors;
          }
          struct SelectorPermission {
              bytes4 functionSelector;
              string permissionDescription;
          }
          /// @dev A struct holding fields to describe the plugin in a purely view context. Intended for front end clients.
          struct PluginMetadata {
              // A human-readable name of the plugin.
              string name;
              // The version of the plugin, following the semantic versioning scheme.
              string version;
              // The author field SHOULD be a username representing the identity of the user or organization
              // that created this plugin.
              string author;
              // String descriptions of the relative sensitivity of specific functions. The selectors MUST be selectors for
              // functions implemented by this plugin.
              SelectorPermission[] permissionDescriptors;
          }
          /// @dev A struct describing how the plugin should be installed on a modular account.
          struct PluginManifest {
              // List of ERC-165 interface IDs to add to account to support introspection checks. This MUST NOT include
              // IPlugin's interface ID.
              bytes4[] interfaceIds;
              // If this plugin depends on other plugins' validation functions, the interface IDs of those plugins MUST be
              // provided here, with its position in the array matching the `dependencyIndex` members of `ManifestFunction`
              bytes4[] dependencyInterfaceIds;
              // Execution functions defined in this plugin to be installed on the MSCA.
              bytes4[] executionFunctions;
              // Plugin execution functions already installed on the MSCA that this plugin will be able to call.
              bytes4[] permittedExecutionSelectors;
              // Boolean to indicate whether the plugin can call any external address.
              bool permitAnyExternalAddress;
              // Boolean to indicate whether the plugin needs access to spend native tokens of the account. If false, the
              // plugin MUST still be able to spend up to the balance that it sends to the account in the same call.
              bool canSpendNativeToken;
              // More granular control
              ManifestExternalCallPermission[] permittedExternalCalls;
              ManifestAssociatedFunction[] userOpValidationFunctions;
              ManifestAssociatedFunction[] runtimeValidationFunctions;
              ManifestAssociatedFunction[] preUserOpValidationHooks;
              ManifestAssociatedFunction[] preRuntimeValidationHooks;
              // for executionFunctions
              ManifestExecutionHook[] executionHooks;
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {SENTINEL_BYTES21} from "../../../../common/Constants.sol";
          import {
              InvalidFunctionReference, InvalidLimit, ItemAlreadyExists, ItemDoesNotExist
          } from "../../shared/common/Errors.sol";
          import {Bytes21DLL, FunctionReference} from "../common/Structs.sol";
          import {FunctionReferenceLib} from "./FunctionReferenceLib.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Enumerable & ordered doubly linked list built using mapping(bytes21 => bytes21) for function reference.
           *      Item is expected to be unique.
           */
          library FunctionReferenceDLLLib {
              using FunctionReferenceLib for FunctionReference;
              using FunctionReferenceLib for bytes21;
              modifier validFunctionReference(FunctionReference memory fr) {
                  if (fr.pack() <= SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                      revert InvalidFunctionReference();
                  }
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Check if an item exists or not. O(1).
               */
              function contains(Bytes21DLL storage dll, FunctionReference memory fr) internal view returns (bool) {
                  return contains(dll, fr.pack());
              }
              function contains(Bytes21DLL storage dll, bytes21 item) internal view returns (bool) {
                  if (item == SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                      return false;
                  }
                  return getHeadWithoutUnpack(dll) == item || dll.next[item] != SENTINEL_BYTES21
                      || dll.prev[item] != SENTINEL_BYTES21;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Get the count of dll. O(1).
               */
              function size(Bytes21DLL storage dll) internal view returns (uint256) {
                  return dll.count;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Add an new item which did not exist before. Otherwise the function reverts. O(1).
               */
              function append(Bytes21DLL storage dll, FunctionReference memory fr)
                  internal
                  validFunctionReference(fr)
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  bytes21 item = fr.pack();
                  if (contains(dll, item)) {
                      revert ItemAlreadyExists();
                  }
                  bytes21 prev = getTailWithoutUnpack(dll);
                  bytes21 next = SENTINEL_BYTES21;
                  // prev.next = item
                  dll.next[prev] = item;
                  // item.next = next
                  dll.next[item] = next;
                  // next.prev = item
                  dll.prev[next] = item;
                  // item.prev = prev
                  dll.prev[item] = prev;
                  dll.count++;
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Remove an already existing item. Otherwise the function reverts. O(1).
               */
              function remove(Bytes21DLL storage dll, FunctionReference memory fr)
                  internal
                  validFunctionReference(fr)
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  bytes21 item = fr.pack();
                  if (!contains(dll, item)) {
                      revert ItemDoesNotExist();
                  }
                  // item.prev.next = item.next
                  dll.next[dll.prev[item]] = dll.next[item];
                  // item.next.prev = item.prev
                  dll.prev[dll.next[item]] = dll.prev[item];
                  delete dll.next[item];
                  delete dll.prev[item];
                  dll.count--;
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return paginated bytes21s and next pointer bytes21. O(n).
               * @param startFR Starting bytes21, inclusive, if start == bytes21(0), this method searches from the head.
               */
              function getPaginated(Bytes21DLL storage dll, FunctionReference memory startFR, uint256 limit)
                  internal
                  view
                  returns (FunctionReference[] memory, FunctionReference memory)
              {
                  if (limit == 0) {
                      revert InvalidLimit();
                  }
                  bytes21 start = startFR.pack();
                  FunctionReference[] memory results = new FunctionReference[](limit);
                  bytes21 current = start;
                  if (start == SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                      current = getHeadWithoutUnpack(dll);
                  }
                  uint256 count = 0;
                  for (; count < limit && current > SENTINEL_BYTES21; ++count) {
                      results[count] = current.unpack();
                      current = dll.next[current];
                  }
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                  assembly ("memory-safe") {
                      mstore(results, count)
                  }
                  return (results, current.unpack());
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return all the data. O(n).
               */
              function getAll(Bytes21DLL storage dll) internal view returns (FunctionReference[] memory results) {
                  uint256 totalCount = size(dll);
                  results = new FunctionReference[](totalCount);
                  bytes21 current = getHeadWithoutUnpack(dll);
                  uint256 count = 0;
                  for (; count < totalCount && current > SENTINEL_BYTES21; ++count) {
                      results[count] = current.unpack();
                      current = dll.next[current];
                  }
                  return results;
              }
              function getHead(Bytes21DLL storage dll) internal view returns (FunctionReference memory) {
                  return dll.next[SENTINEL_BYTES21].unpack();
              }
              function getTail(Bytes21DLL storage dll) internal view returns (FunctionReference memory) {
                  return dll.prev[SENTINEL_BYTES21].unpack();
              }
              function getHeadWithoutUnpack(Bytes21DLL storage dll) private view returns (bytes21) {
                  return dll.next[SENTINEL_BYTES21];
              }
              function getTailWithoutUnpack(Bytes21DLL storage dll) private view returns (bytes21) {
                  return dll.prev[SENTINEL_BYTES21];
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {IAccountLoupe} from "../interfaces/IAccountLoupe.sol";
          import {IPlugin} from "../interfaces/IPlugin.sol";
          import {IPluginExecutor} from "../interfaces/IPluginExecutor.sol";
          import {IPluginManager} from "../interfaces/IPluginManager.sol";
          import {IStandardExecutor} from "../interfaces/IStandardExecutor.sol";
          import {IAccount} from "@account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/IAccount.sol";
          import {IAggregator} from "@account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/IAggregator.sol";
          import {IPaymaster} from "@account-abstraction/contracts/interfaces/IPaymaster.sol";
          import {UUPSUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol";
          import {IERC777Recipient} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC777Recipient.sol";
          import {IERC1155Receiver} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC1155/IERC1155Receiver.sol";
          import {IERC721Receiver} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol";
          import {IERC165} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";
          library SelectorRegistryLib {
              bytes4 internal constant INITIALIZE_UPGRADABLE_MSCA =
                  bytes4(keccak256("initializeUpgradableMSCA(address[],bytes32[],bytes[])"));
              bytes4 internal constant INITIALIZE_SINGLE_OWNER_MSCA = bytes4(keccak256("initializeSingleOwnerMSCA(address)"));
              bytes4 internal constant TRANSFER_NATIVE_OWNERSHIP = bytes4(keccak256("transferNativeOwnership(address)"));
              bytes4 internal constant RENOUNCE_NATIVE_OWNERSHIP = bytes4(keccak256("renounceNativeOwnership()"));
              bytes4 internal constant GET_NATIVE_OWNER = bytes4(keccak256("getNativeOwner()"));
              bytes4 internal constant GET_ENTRYPOINT = bytes4(keccak256("getEntryPoint()"));
              bytes4 internal constant GET_NONCE = bytes4(keccak256("getNonce()"));
              /**
               * @dev Check if the selector is for native function.
               * @param selector the function selector.
               */
              function _isNativeFunctionSelector(bytes4 selector) internal pure returns (bool) {
                  return selector == IStandardExecutor.execute.selector || selector == IStandardExecutor.executeBatch.selector
                      || selector == IPluginManager.installPlugin.selector || selector == IPluginManager.uninstallPlugin.selector
                      || selector == UUPSUpgradeable.upgradeTo.selector || selector == UUPSUpgradeable.upgradeToAndCall.selector
                      || selector == UUPSUpgradeable.proxiableUUID.selector
                  // check against IERC165 methods
                  || selector == IERC165.supportsInterface.selector
                  // check against IPluginExecutor methods
                  || selector == IPluginExecutor.executeFromPlugin.selector
                      || selector == IPluginExecutor.executeFromPluginExternal.selector
                  // check against IAccountLoupe methods
                  || selector == IAccountLoupe.getExecutionFunctionConfig.selector
                      || selector == IAccountLoupe.getExecutionHooks.selector
                      || selector == IAccountLoupe.getPreValidationHooks.selector
                      || selector == IAccountLoupe.getInstalledPlugins.selector || selector == IAccount.validateUserOp.selector
                      || selector == GET_ENTRYPOINT || selector == GET_NONCE || selector == INITIALIZE_UPGRADABLE_MSCA
                      || selector == INITIALIZE_SINGLE_OWNER_MSCA || selector == TRANSFER_NATIVE_OWNERSHIP
                      || selector == RENOUNCE_NATIVE_OWNERSHIP || selector == GET_NATIVE_OWNER
                      || selector == IERC1155Receiver.onERC1155Received.selector
                      || selector == IERC1155Receiver.onERC1155BatchReceived.selector
                      || selector == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector || selector == IERC777Recipient.tokensReceived.selector;
              }
              function _isErc4337FunctionSelector(bytes4 selector) internal pure returns (bool) {
                  return selector == IAggregator.validateSignatures.selector
                      || selector == IAggregator.validateUserOpSignature.selector
                      || selector == IAggregator.aggregateSignatures.selector
                      || selector == IPaymaster.validatePaymasterUserOp.selector || selector == IPaymaster.postOp.selector;
              }
              function _isIPluginFunctionSelector(bytes4 selector) internal pure returns (bool) {
                  return selector == IPlugin.onInstall.selector || selector == IPlugin.onUninstall.selector
                      || selector == IPlugin.preUserOpValidationHook.selector || selector == IPlugin.userOpValidationFunction.selector
                      || selector == IPlugin.preRuntimeValidationHook.selector
                      || selector == IPlugin.runtimeValidationFunction.selector || selector == IPlugin.preExecutionHook.selector
                      || selector == IPlugin.postExecutionHook.selector || selector == IPlugin.pluginManifest.selector
                      || selector == IPlugin.pluginMetadata.selector;
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          import "./IERC165.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Library used to query support of an interface declared via {IERC165}.
           *
           * Note that these functions return the actual result of the query: they do not
           * `revert` if an interface is not supported. It is up to the caller to decide
           * what to do in these cases.
           */
          library ERC165Checker {
              // As per the EIP-165 spec, no interface should ever match 0xffffffff
              bytes4 private constant _INTERFACE_ID_INVALID = 0xffffffff;
              /**
               * @dev Returns true if `account` supports the {IERC165} interface.
               */
              function supportsERC165(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                  // Any contract that implements ERC165 must explicitly indicate support of
                  // InterfaceId_ERC165 and explicitly indicate non-support of InterfaceId_Invalid
                  return
                      supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, type(IERC165).interfaceId) &&
                      !supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, _INTERFACE_ID_INVALID);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns true if `account` supports the interface defined by
               * `interfaceId`. Support for {IERC165} itself is queried automatically.
               *
               * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
               */
              function supportsInterface(address account, bytes4 interfaceId) internal view returns (bool) {
                  // query support of both ERC165 as per the spec and support of _interfaceId
                  return supportsERC165(account) && supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, interfaceId);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns a boolean array where each value corresponds to the
               * interfaces passed in and whether they're supported or not. This allows
               * you to batch check interfaces for a contract where your expectation
               * is that some interfaces may not be supported.
               *
               * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function getSupportedInterfaces(
                  address account,
                  bytes4[] memory interfaceIds
              ) internal view returns (bool[] memory) {
                  // an array of booleans corresponding to interfaceIds and whether they're supported or not
                  bool[] memory interfaceIdsSupported = new bool[](interfaceIds.length);
                  // query support of ERC165 itself
                  if (supportsERC165(account)) {
                      // query support of each interface in interfaceIds
                      for (uint256 i = 0; i < interfaceIds.length; i++) {
                          interfaceIdsSupported[i] = supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, interfaceIds[i]);
                      }
                  }
                  return interfaceIdsSupported;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns true if `account` supports all the interfaces defined in
               * `interfaceIds`. Support for {IERC165} itself is queried automatically.
               *
               * Batch-querying can lead to gas savings by skipping repeated checks for
               * {IERC165} support.
               *
               * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
               */
              function supportsAllInterfaces(address account, bytes4[] memory interfaceIds) internal view returns (bool) {
                  // query support of ERC165 itself
                  if (!supportsERC165(account)) {
                      return false;
                  }
                  // query support of each interface in interfaceIds
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < interfaceIds.length; i++) {
                      if (!supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, interfaceIds[i])) {
                          return false;
                      }
                  }
                  // all interfaces supported
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Query if a contract implements an interface, does not check ERC165 support
               * @param account The address of the contract to query for support of an interface
               * @param interfaceId The interface identifier, as specified in ERC-165
               * @return true if the contract at account indicates support of the interface with
               * identifier interfaceId, false otherwise
               * @dev Assumes that account contains a contract that supports ERC165, otherwise
               * the behavior of this method is undefined. This precondition can be checked
               * with {supportsERC165}.
               *
               * Some precompiled contracts will falsely indicate support for a given interface, so caution
               * should be exercised when using this function.
               *
               * Interface identification is specified in ERC-165.
               */
              function supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(address account, bytes4 interfaceId) internal view returns (bool) {
                  // prepare call
                  bytes memory encodedParams = abi.encodeWithSelector(IERC165.supportsInterface.selector, interfaceId);
                  // perform static call
                  bool success;
                  uint256 returnSize;
                  uint256 returnValue;
                  assembly {
                      success := staticcall(30000, account, add(encodedParams, 0x20), mload(encodedParams), 0x00, 0x20)
                      returnSize := returndatasize()
                      returnValue := mload(0x00)
                  }
                  return success && returnSize >= 0x20 && returnValue > 0;
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
          pragma solidity ^0.8.12;
          /**
           * manage deposits and stakes.
           * deposit is just a balance used to pay for UserOperations (either by a paymaster or an account)
           * stake is value locked for at least "unstakeDelay" by the staked entity.
           */
          interface IStakeManager {
              event Deposited(
                  address indexed account,
                  uint256 totalDeposit
              );
              event Withdrawn(
                  address indexed account,
                  address withdrawAddress,
                  uint256 amount
              );
              /// Emitted when stake or unstake delay are modified
              event StakeLocked(
                  address indexed account,
                  uint256 totalStaked,
                  uint256 unstakeDelaySec
              );
              /// Emitted once a stake is scheduled for withdrawal
              event StakeUnlocked(
                  address indexed account,
                  uint256 withdrawTime
              );
              event StakeWithdrawn(
                  address indexed account,
                  address withdrawAddress,
                  uint256 amount
              );
              /**
               * @param deposit the entity's deposit
               * @param staked true if this entity is staked.
               * @param stake actual amount of ether staked for this entity.
               * @param unstakeDelaySec minimum delay to withdraw the stake.
               * @param withdrawTime - first block timestamp where 'withdrawStake' will be callable, or zero if already locked
               * @dev sizes were chosen so that (deposit,staked, stake) fit into one cell (used during handleOps)
               *    and the rest fit into a 2nd cell.
               *    112 bit allows for 10^15 eth
               *    48 bit for full timestamp
               *    32 bit allows 150 years for unstake delay
               */
              struct DepositInfo {
                  uint112 deposit;
                  bool staked;
                  uint112 stake;
                  uint32 unstakeDelaySec;
                  uint48 withdrawTime;
              }
              //API struct used by getStakeInfo and simulateValidation
              struct StakeInfo {
                  uint256 stake;
                  uint256 unstakeDelaySec;
              }
              /// @return info - full deposit information of given account
              function getDepositInfo(address account) external view returns (DepositInfo memory info);
              /// @return the deposit (for gas payment) of the account
              function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
              /**
               * add to the deposit of the given account
               */
              function depositTo(address account) external payable;
              /**
               * add to the account's stake - amount and delay
               * any pending unstake is first cancelled.
               * @param _unstakeDelaySec the new lock duration before the deposit can be withdrawn.
               */
              function addStake(uint32 _unstakeDelaySec) external payable;
              /**
               * attempt to unlock the stake.
               * the value can be withdrawn (using withdrawStake) after the unstake delay.
               */
              function unlockStake() external;
              /**
               * withdraw from the (unlocked) stake.
               * must first call unlockStake and wait for the unstakeDelay to pass
               * @param withdrawAddress the address to send withdrawn value.
               */
              function withdrawStake(address payable withdrawAddress) external;
              /**
               * withdraw from the deposit.
               * @param withdrawAddress the address to send withdrawn value.
               * @param withdrawAmount the amount to withdraw.
               */
              function withdrawTo(address payable withdrawAddress, uint256 withdrawAmount) external;
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
          pragma solidity ^0.8.12;
          import "./UserOperation.sol";
          /**
           * Aggregated Signatures validator.
           */
          interface IAggregator {
              /**
               * validate aggregated signature.
               * revert if the aggregated signature does not match the given list of operations.
               */
              function validateSignatures(UserOperation[] calldata userOps, bytes calldata signature) external view;
              /**
               * validate signature of a single userOp
               * This method is should be called by bundler after EntryPoint.simulateValidation() returns (reverts) with ValidationResultWithAggregation
               * First it validates the signature over the userOp. Then it returns data to be used when creating the handleOps.
               * @param userOp the userOperation received from the user.
               * @return sigForUserOp the value to put into the signature field of the userOp when calling handleOps.
               *    (usually empty, unless account and aggregator support some kind of "multisig"
               */
              function validateUserOpSignature(UserOperation calldata userOp)
              external view returns (bytes memory sigForUserOp);
              /**
               * aggregate multiple signatures into a single value.
               * This method is called off-chain to calculate the signature to pass with handleOps()
               * bundler MAY use optimized custom code perform this aggregation
               * @param userOps array of UserOperations to collect the signatures from.
               * @return aggregatedSignature the aggregated signature
               */
              function aggregateSignatures(UserOperation[] calldata userOps) external view returns (bytes memory aggregatedSignature);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
          pragma solidity ^0.8.12;
          interface INonceManager {
              /**
               * Return the next nonce for this sender.
               * Within a given key, the nonce values are sequenced (starting with zero, and incremented by one on each userop)
               * But UserOp with different keys can come with arbitrary order.
               *
               * @param sender the account address
               * @param key the high 192 bit of the nonce
               * @return nonce a full nonce to pass for next UserOp with this sender.
               */
              function getNonce(address sender, uint192 key)
              external view returns (uint256 nonce);
              /**
               * Manually increment the nonce of the sender.
               * This method is exposed just for completeness..
               * Account does NOT need to call it, neither during validation, nor elsewhere,
               * as the EntryPoint will update the nonce regardless.
               * Possible use-case is call it with various keys to "initialize" their nonces to one, so that future
               * UserOperations will not pay extra for the first transaction with a given key.
               */
              function incrementNonce(uint192 key) external;
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
           * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
           * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
           *
           * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
           * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
           *
           * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
           */
          abstract contract Proxy {
              /**
               * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
               *
               * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
               */
              function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
                  assembly {
                      // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                      // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                      // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                      calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                      // Call the implementation.
                      // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                      let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                      // Copy the returned data.
                      returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                      switch result
                      // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                      case 0 {
                          revert(0, returndatasize())
                      }
                      default {
                          return(0, returndatasize())
                      }
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
               * and {_fallback} should delegate.
               */
              function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
              /**
               * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
               *
               * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
               */
              function _fallback() internal virtual {
                  _beforeFallback();
                  _delegate(_implementation());
              }
              /**
               * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
               * function in the contract matches the call data.
               */
              fallback() external payable virtual {
                  _fallback();
              }
              /**
               * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
               * is empty.
               */
              receive() external payable virtual {
                  _fallback();
              }
              /**
               * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
               * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
               *
               * If overridden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
               */
              function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {}
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
          import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
          import "../../interfaces/IERC1967.sol";
          import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
          import "../../utils/Address.sol";
          import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";
          /**
           * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
           *
           * _Available since v4.1._
           */
          abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade is IERC1967 {
              // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
              bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;
              /**
               * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
               * validated in the constructor.
               */
              bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
              /**
               * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
               */
              function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
                  return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
               */
              function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                  require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
                  StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
               *
               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
               */
              function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
                  _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                  emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
               *
               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
               */
              function _upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                  _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                  if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                      Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
               *
               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
               */
              function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                  // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
                  // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
                  // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
                  if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
                      _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                  } else {
                      try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                          require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
                      } catch {
                          revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
                      }
                      _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
               * validated in the constructor.
               */
              bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
              /**
               * @dev Returns the current admin.
               */
              function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
                  return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
               */
              function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
                  require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
                  StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
               *
               * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
               */
              function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
                  emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
                  _setAdmin(newAdmin);
              }
              /**
               * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
               * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
               */
              bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
              /**
               * @dev Returns the current beacon.
               */
              function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
                  return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
               */
              function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
                  require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
                  require(
                      Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
                      "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
                  );
                  StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
               * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
               *
               * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
               */
              function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                  _setBeacon(newBeacon);
                  emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
                  if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                      Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
                  }
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (interfaces/IERC777Recipient.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          import "../token/ERC777/IERC777Recipient.sol";
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
           *
           * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
           * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
           *
           * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
           */
          interface IERC165 {
              /**
               * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
               * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
               * to learn more about how these ids are created.
               *
               * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
               */
              function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {ExecutionFunctionConfig, ExecutionHooks, FunctionReference} from "../common/Structs.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Implements https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6900. MSCAs may implement this interface to support visibility in
           * plugin configurations on-chain.
           */
          interface IAccountLoupe {
              /// @notice Get the validation functions and plugin address for a selector.
              /// @dev If the selector is a native function, the plugin address will be the address of the account.
              /// @param selector The selector to get the configuration for.
              /// @return The configuration for this selector.
              function getExecutionFunctionConfig(bytes4 selector) external view returns (ExecutionFunctionConfig memory);
              /// @notice Get the pre and post execution hooks for a selector.
              /// @param selector The selector to get the hooks for.
              /// @return The pre and post execution hooks for this selector.
              function getExecutionHooks(bytes4 selector) external view returns (ExecutionHooks[] memory);
              /// @notice Get the pre user op and runtime validation hooks associated with a selector.
              /// @param selector The selector to get the hooks for.
              /// @return preUserOpValidationHooks The pre user op validation hooks for this selector.
              /// @return preRuntimeValidationHooks The pre runtime validation hooks for this selector.
              function getPreValidationHooks(bytes4 selector)
                  external
                  view
                  returns (FunctionReference[] memory, FunctionReference[] memory);
              /// @notice Get an array of all installed plugins.
              /// @return pluginAddresses The addresses of all installed plugins.
              function getInstalledPlugins() external view returns (address[] memory);
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          /**
           * @dev Implements https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6900. MSCAs must implement this interface to support execution
           * from plugins.
           */
          interface IPluginExecutor {
              /// @notice Execute a call from a plugin through the account.
              /// @dev Permissions must be granted to the calling plugin for the call to go through.
              /// @param data The calldata to send to the account.
              function executeFromPlugin(bytes calldata data) external payable returns (bytes memory);
              /// @notice Execute a call from a plugin to a non-plugin address.
              /// @dev If the target is a plugin, the call SHOULD revert. Permissions must be granted to the calling plugin
              /// for the call to go through.
              /// @param target The address to be called.
              /// @param value The value to send with the call.
              /// @param data The calldata to send to the target.
              /// @return The return data from the call.
              function executeFromPluginExternal(address target, uint256 value, bytes calldata data)
                  external
                  payable
                  returns (bytes memory);
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {FunctionReference} from "../common/Structs.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Implements https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6900. MSCAs must implement this interface to support installing
           * and uninstalling plugins.
           */
          interface IPluginManager {
              event PluginInstalled(address indexed plugin, bytes32 manifestHash, FunctionReference[] dependencies);
              event PluginUninstalled(address indexed plugin, bool indexed onUninstallSucceeded);
              /// @notice Install a plugin to the modular account.
              /// @param plugin The plugin to install.
              /// @param manifestHash The hash of the plugin manifest.
              /// @param pluginInstallData Optional data to be decoded and used by the plugin to setup initial plugin data
              /// for the modular account.
              /// @param dependencies The dependencies of the plugin, as described in the manifest. Each FunctionReference
              /// MUST be composed of an installed plugin's address and a function ID of its validation function.
              function installPlugin(
                  address plugin,
                  bytes32 manifestHash,
                  bytes calldata pluginInstallData,
                  FunctionReference[] calldata dependencies
              ) external;
              /// @notice Uninstall a plugin from the modular account.
              /// @param plugin The plugin to uninstall.
              /// @param config An optional, implementation-specific field that accounts may use to ensure consistency
              /// guarantees.
              /// @param pluginUninstallData Optional data to be decoded and used by the plugin to clear plugin data for the
              /// modular account.
              function uninstallPlugin(address plugin, bytes calldata config, bytes calldata pluginUninstallData) external;
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {Call} from "../common/Structs.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Implements https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6900. MSCAs must implement this interface to support open-ended
           * execution.
           */
          interface IStandardExecutor {
              /// @notice Standard execute method.
              /// @dev If the target is a plugin, the call SHOULD revert.
              /// @param target The target address for the account to call.
              /// @param value The value to send with the call.
              /// @param data The calldata for the call.
              /// @return The return data from the call.
              function execute(address target, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) external payable returns (bytes memory);
              /// @notice Standard executeBatch method.
              /// @dev If the target is a plugin, the call SHOULD revert. If any of the calls revert, the entire batch MUST
              /// revert.
              /// @param calls The array of calls.
              /// @return An array containing the return data from the calls.
              function executeBatch(Call[] calldata calls) external payable returns (bytes[] memory);
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE, SENTINEL_BYTES21} from "../../../../common/Constants.sol";
          import {InvalidValidationFunctionId} from "../../shared/common/Errors.sol";
          import {
              PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE,
              RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
          } from "../common/Constants.sol";
          import {
              ExecutionHooks,
              FunctionReference,
              HookGroup,
              PostExecHookToRun,
              RepeatableBytes21DLL
          } from "../common/Structs.sol";
          import {IPlugin} from "../interfaces/IPlugin.sol";
          import {FunctionReferenceLib} from "./FunctionReferenceLib.sol";
          import {RepeatableFunctionReferenceDLLLib} from "./RepeatableFunctionReferenceDLLLib.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Process pre or post execution hooks.
           */
          library ExecutionHookLib {
              using RepeatableFunctionReferenceDLLLib for RepeatableBytes21DLL;
              using FunctionReferenceLib for FunctionReference;
              using FunctionReferenceLib for bytes21;
              error PreExecHookFailed(address plugin, uint8 functionId, bytes revertReason);
              error PostExecHookFailed(address plugin, uint8 functionId, bytes revertReason);
              // avoid stack too deep
              struct SetPostExecHooksFromPreHooksParam {
                  uint256 totalPostExecHooksToRunCount;
                  PostExecHookToRun[] postExecHooksToRun;
              }
              function _processPreExecHooks(HookGroup storage hookGroup, bytes calldata data)
                  internal
                  returns (PostExecHookToRun[] memory postExecHooksToRun)
              {
                  uint256 postOnlyHooksCount = hookGroup.postOnlyHooks.getUniqueItems();
                  // hooks have three categories a. preOnlyHook b. preToPostHook c. postOnlyHook
                  // 1. add repeated preHook into postHook 2. add postOnlyHooks
                  uint256 maxPostHooksCount = postOnlyHooksCount + hookGroup.preHooks.getTotalItems();
                  uint256 totalPostExecHooksToRunCount = 0;
                  postExecHooksToRun = new PostExecHookToRun[](maxPostHooksCount);
                  // copy postOnlyHooks into result first
                  FunctionReference memory startHook = EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE.unpack();
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < postOnlyHooksCount; ++i) {
                      (FunctionReference[] memory resultPostOnlyHooks, FunctionReference memory nextHook) =
                          hookGroup.postOnlyHooks.getPaginated(startHook, 10);
                      for (uint256 j = 0; j < resultPostOnlyHooks.length; ++j) {
                          postExecHooksToRun[totalPostExecHooksToRunCount++].postExecHook = resultPostOnlyHooks[j];
                      }
                      if (nextHook.pack() == SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                          break;
                      }
                      startHook = nextHook;
                  }
                  // then run the preHooks and copy associated postHooks
                  SetPostExecHooksFromPreHooksParam memory input;
                  input.totalPostExecHooksToRunCount = totalPostExecHooksToRunCount;
                  input.postExecHooksToRun = postExecHooksToRun;
                  (totalPostExecHooksToRunCount, postExecHooksToRun) = _setPostExecHooksFromPreHooks(hookGroup, data, input);
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                  assembly ("memory-safe") {
                      mstore(postExecHooksToRun, totalPostExecHooksToRunCount)
                  }
              }
              function _processPreExecHook(FunctionReference memory preExecHook, bytes calldata data)
                  internal
                  returns (bytes memory preExecHookReturnData)
              {
                  try IPlugin(preExecHook.plugin).preExecutionHook(preExecHook.functionId, msg.sender, msg.value, data) returns (
                      bytes memory returnData
                  ) {
                      preExecHookReturnData = returnData;
                  } catch (bytes memory revertReason) {
                      revert PreExecHookFailed(preExecHook.plugin, preExecHook.functionId, revertReason);
                  }
                  return preExecHookReturnData;
              }
              function _processPostExecHooks(PostExecHookToRun[] memory postExecHooksToRun) internal {
                  uint256 length = postExecHooksToRun.length;
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                      FunctionReference memory postExecHook = postExecHooksToRun[i].postExecHook;
                      // solhint-disable no-empty-blocks
                      try IPlugin(postExecHook.plugin).postExecutionHook(
                          postExecHook.functionId, postExecHooksToRun[i].preExecHookReturnData
                      ) {} catch (bytes memory revertReason) {
                          revert PostExecHookFailed(postExecHook.plugin, postExecHook.functionId, revertReason);
                      }
                      // solhint-enable no-empty-blocks
                  }
              }
              function _getExecutionHooks(HookGroup storage hookGroup) internal view returns (ExecutionHooks[] memory hooks) {
                  uint256 preHooksCount = hookGroup.preHooks.getUniqueItems();
                  uint256 postOnlyHooksCount = hookGroup.postOnlyHooks.getUniqueItems();
                  // hooks have three categories a. preOnlyHook b. preToPostHook c. postOnlyHook
                  // 1. add repeated preHook into postHook 2. add postOnlyHooks
                  uint256 maxExecHooksCount = postOnlyHooksCount + hookGroup.preHooks.getTotalItems();
                  uint256 totalExecHooksCount = 0;
                  hooks = new ExecutionHooks[](maxExecHooksCount);
                  // copy postOnlyHooks into result first
                  FunctionReference memory startHook = EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE.unpack();
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < postOnlyHooksCount; ++i) {
                      (FunctionReference[] memory resultPostOnlyHooks, FunctionReference memory nextHook) =
                          hookGroup.postOnlyHooks.getPaginated(startHook, 10);
                      for (uint256 j = 0; j < resultPostOnlyHooks.length; ++j) {
                          hooks[totalExecHooksCount++].postExecHook = resultPostOnlyHooks[j];
                      }
                      if (nextHook.pack() == SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                          break;
                      }
                      startHook = nextHook;
                  }
                  // then copy preOnlyHooks or preToPostHooks
                  startHook = EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE.unpack();
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < preHooksCount; ++i) {
                      (FunctionReference[] memory resultPreExecHooks, FunctionReference memory nextHook) =
                          hookGroup.preHooks.getPaginated(startHook, 10);
                      for (uint256 j = 0; j < resultPreExecHooks.length; ++j) {
                          // if any revert, the outer call MUST revert
                          bytes21 packedPreExecHook = resultPreExecHooks[j].pack();
                          // getAll can handle 1000+ hooks
                          FunctionReference[] memory preToPostHooks = hookGroup.preToPostHooks[packedPreExecHook].getAll();
                          if (preToPostHooks.length > 0) {
                              for (uint256 k = 0; k < preToPostHooks.length; ++k) {
                                  hooks[totalExecHooksCount].preExecHook = resultPreExecHooks[j];
                                  hooks[totalExecHooksCount].postExecHook = preToPostHooks[k];
                                  totalExecHooksCount++;
                              }
                          } else {
                              // no associated postHook
                              hooks[totalExecHooksCount++].preExecHook = resultPreExecHooks[j];
                          }
                      }
                      if (nextHook.pack() == SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                          break;
                      }
                      startHook = nextHook;
                  }
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                  assembly ("memory-safe") {
                      mstore(hooks, totalExecHooksCount)
                  }
                  return hooks;
              }
              /// @dev The caller would expect both input.totalPostExecHooksToRunCount and input.postExecHooksToRun to be assigned
              /// back to original values.
              function _setPostExecHooksFromPreHooks(
                  HookGroup storage hookGroup,
                  bytes calldata data,
                  SetPostExecHooksFromPreHooksParam memory input
              ) internal returns (uint256, PostExecHookToRun[] memory) {
                  FunctionReference memory startHook = EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE.unpack();
                  uint256 preHooksCount = hookGroup.preHooks.getUniqueItems();
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < preHooksCount; ++i) {
                      (FunctionReference[] memory resultPreExecHooks, FunctionReference memory nextHook) =
                          hookGroup.preHooks.getPaginated(startHook, 10);
                      for (uint256 j = 0; j < resultPreExecHooks.length; ++j) {
                          // if any revert, the outer call MUST revert
                          bytes21 packedPreExecHook = resultPreExecHooks[j].pack();
                          if (
                              packedPreExecHook == EMPTY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                                  || packedPreExecHook == RUNTIME_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_ALLOW_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                                  || packedPreExecHook == PRE_HOOK_ALWAYS_DENY_FUNCTION_REFERENCE
                          ) {
                              revert InvalidValidationFunctionId(resultPreExecHooks[j].functionId);
                          }
                          // getAll can handle 1000+ hooks
                          // run duplicated (if any) preHooks only once
                          bytes memory preExecHookReturnData = _processPreExecHook(resultPreExecHooks[j], data);
                          FunctionReference[] memory preToPostHooks = hookGroup.preToPostHooks[packedPreExecHook].getAll();
                          if (preToPostHooks.length > 0) {
                              for (uint256 k = 0; k < preToPostHooks.length; ++k) {
                                  input.postExecHooksToRun[input.totalPostExecHooksToRunCount].postExecHook = preToPostHooks[k];
                                  input.postExecHooksToRun[input.totalPostExecHooksToRunCount].preExecHookReturnData =
                                      preExecHookReturnData;
                                  input.totalPostExecHooksToRunCount++;
                              }
                          }
                      }
                      if (nextHook.pack() == SENTINEL_BYTES21) {
                          break;
                      }
                      startHook = nextHook;
                  }
                  return (input.totalPostExecHooksToRunCount, input.postExecHooksToRun);
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {ExecutionUtils} from "../../../../utils/ExecutionUtils.sol";
          import {InvalidExecutionFunction, NotFoundSelector} from "../../shared/common/Errors.sol";
          import {ExecutionDetail, HookGroup, PermittedExternalCall, PostExecHookToRun} from "../common/Structs.sol";
          import {IPlugin} from "../interfaces/IPlugin.sol";
          import {IPluginExecutor} from "../interfaces/IPluginExecutor.sol";
          import {ExecutionHookLib} from "../libs/ExecutionHookLib.sol";
          import {WalletStorageV1Lib} from "../libs/WalletStorageV1Lib.sol";
          import {ERC165Checker} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Default implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6900. MSCAs must implement this interface to
           * support execution from plugins.
           *      https://eips.ethereum.org/assets/eip-6900/Plugin_Execution_Flow.svg
           */
          library PluginExecutor {
              using ExecutionHookLib for HookGroup;
              using ExecutionHookLib for PostExecHookToRun[];
              using ExecutionUtils for address;
              error ExecuteFromPluginToExternalNotPermitted();
              error ExecFromPluginToSelectorNotPermitted(address plugin, bytes4 selector);
              error NativeTokenSpendingNotPermitted(address plugin);
              /// @dev Refer to IPluginExecutor
              function executeFromPlugin(bytes calldata data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  if (data.length < 4) {
                      revert NotFoundSelector();
                  }
                  bytes4 selector = bytes4(data[0:4]);
                  if (selector == bytes4(0)) {
                      revert NotFoundSelector();
                  }
                  address callingPlugin = msg.sender;
                  WalletStorageV1Lib.Layout storage walletStorage = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout();
                  // permission check
                  if (!walletStorage.permittedPluginCalls[callingPlugin][selector]) {
                      revert ExecFromPluginToSelectorNotPermitted(callingPlugin, selector);
                  }
                  // this function call emulates a call to the fallback that routes calls into another plugin;
                  // we use inner data here instead of the entire msg.data that includes the complete calldata of
                  // executeFromPlugin
                  ExecutionDetail storage executionDetail = walletStorage.executionDetails[selector];
                  if (executionDetail.plugin == address(0)) {
                      revert InvalidExecutionFunction(selector);
                  }
                  // pre execution hooks
                  PostExecHookToRun[] memory postExecHooks = executionDetail.executionHooks._processPreExecHooks(data);
                  // permitted to call the other plugin
                  bytes memory returnData = executionDetail.plugin.callWithReturnDataOrRevert(0, data);
                  // post execution hooks
                  postExecHooks._processPostExecHooks();
                  return returnData;
              }
              /// @dev Refer to IPluginExecutor
              function executeFromPluginToExternal(bytes calldata data, address target, uint256 value)
                  internal
                  returns (bytes memory)
              {
                  if (target == address(this) || ERC165Checker.supportsInterface(target, type(IPlugin).interfaceId)) {
                      revert ExecuteFromPluginToExternalNotPermitted();
                  }
                  WalletStorageV1Lib.Layout storage walletStorage = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout();
                  address callingPlugin = msg.sender;
                  // revert if the plugin can't cover the value and is not permitted to spend MSCA's native token
                  if (value > 0 && value > msg.value && !walletStorage.pluginDetails[callingPlugin].canSpendNativeToken) {
                      revert NativeTokenSpendingNotPermitted(callingPlugin);
                  }
                  PermittedExternalCall storage permittedExternalCall =
                      walletStorage.permittedExternalCalls[callingPlugin][target];
                  // permission check
                  // addressPermitted can only be true if anyExternalAddressPermitted is false
                  bool targetContractCallPermitted;
                  // external call might not have function selector
                  bytes4 selector = bytes4(data);
                  if (permittedExternalCall.addressPermitted) {
                      targetContractCallPermitted =
                          permittedExternalCall.anySelector || permittedExternalCall.selectors[selector] || data.length == 0;
                  } else {
                      // also need to check the default permission in plugin detail
                      targetContractCallPermitted = walletStorage.pluginDetails[callingPlugin].anyExternalAddressPermitted;
                  }
                  if (!targetContractCallPermitted) {
                      revert ExecFromPluginToSelectorNotPermitted(callingPlugin, selector);
                  }
                  // we use msg.data here so the complete calldata of current function call executeFromPluginToExternalContract
                  // can be passed
                  // pre executeFromPluginToExternalContract hooks
                  // process any pre exec hooks for IPluginExecutor.executeFromPluginExternal.selector during runtime
                  PostExecHookToRun[] memory postExecHooks = walletStorage.executionDetails[IPluginExecutor
                      .executeFromPluginExternal
                      .selector].executionHooks._processPreExecHooks(msg.data);
                  // call externally
                  bytes memory returnData = target.callWithReturnDataOrRevert(value, data);
                  // post executeFromPluginToExternalContract hooks
                  postExecHooks._processPostExecHooks();
                  return returnData;
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {ExecutionUtils} from "../../../../utils/ExecutionUtils.sol";
          import {Call} from "../common/Structs.sol";
          import {IPlugin} from "../interfaces/IPlugin.sol";
          import {ERC165Checker} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Default implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6900. MSCAs must implement this interface to
           * support open-ended execution.
           */
          library StandardExecutor {
              using ExecutionUtils for address;
              error TargetIsPlugin(address plugin);
              /// @dev Refer to IStandardExecutor
              function execute(address target, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) internal returns (bytes memory returnData) {
                  // reverts if the target is a plugin because modular account should be calling plugin via execution functions
                  // defined in IPluginExecutor
                  if (ERC165Checker.supportsInterface(target, type(IPlugin).interfaceId)) {
                      revert TargetIsPlugin(target);
                  }
                  return target.callWithReturnDataOrRevert(value, data);
              }
              /// @dev Refer to IStandardExecutor
              function executeBatch(Call[] calldata calls) internal returns (bytes[] memory returnData) {
                  returnData = new bytes[](calls.length);
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < calls.length; ++i) {
                      if (ERC165Checker.supportsInterface(calls[i].target, type(IPlugin).interfaceId)) {
                          revert TargetIsPlugin(calls[i].target);
                      }
                      returnData[i] = calls[i].target.callWithReturnDataOrRevert(calls[i].value, calls[i].data);
                  }
                  return returnData;
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          import {WalletStorageV1Lib} from "../libs/WalletStorageV1Lib.sol";
          /// @notice Forked from OpenZeppelin (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol) with wallet storage access.
          ///         Reinitialization is removed.
          ///         For V1 MSCA.
          abstract contract WalletStorageInitializable {
              /**
               * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized.
               */
              event WalletStorageInitialized();
              error WalletStorageIsInitializing();
              error WalletStorageIsNotInitializing();
              error WalletStorageIsInitialized();
              /**
               * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
               * `onlyWalletStorageInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
               *
               * Functions marked with `walletStorageInitializer` can be nested in the context of a
               * constructor.
               *
               * Emits an {WalletStorageInitialized} event.
               */
              modifier walletStorageInitializer() {
                  bool isTopLevelCall = !WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().initializing;
                  uint8 initialized = WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().initialized;
                  // Allowed calls:
                  // - initialSetup: the contract is not in the initializing state and no previous version was
                  //                 initialized
                  // - deploying: the contract is initialized at version 1 (no reininitialization) and the
                  //                 current contract is just being deployed
                  bool initialSetup = initialized == 0 && isTopLevelCall;
                  bool deploying = initialized == 1 && address(this).code.length == 0;
                  if (!initialSetup && !deploying) {
                      revert WalletStorageIsInitialized();
                  }
                  WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().initialized = 1;
                  if (isTopLevelCall) {
                      WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().initializing = true;
                  }
                  _;
                  if (isTopLevelCall) {
                      WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().initializing = false;
                      emit WalletStorageInitialized();
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
               * {walletStorageInitializer} modifier, directly or indirectly.
               */
              modifier onlyWalletStorageInitializing() {
                  if (!WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().initializing) {
                      revert WalletStorageIsNotInitializing();
                  }
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
               * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
               * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
               * through proxies.
               *
               * Emits an {WalletStorageInitialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
               */
              function _disableWalletStorageInitializers() internal virtual {
                  if (WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().initializing) {
                      revert WalletStorageIsInitializing();
                  }
                  if (WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().initialized != type(uint8).max) {
                      WalletStorageV1Lib.getLayout().initialized = type(uint8).max;
                      emit WalletStorageInitialized();
                  }
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
          pragma solidity ^0.8.12;
          /* solhint-disable no-inline-assembly */
          /**
           * returned data from validateUserOp.
           * validateUserOp returns a uint256, with is created by `_packedValidationData` and parsed by `_parseValidationData`
           * @param aggregator - address(0) - the account validated the signature by itself.
           *              address(1) - the account failed to validate the signature.
           *              otherwise - this is an address of a signature aggregator that must be used to validate the signature.
           * @param validAfter - this UserOp is valid only after this timestamp.
           * @param validaUntil - this UserOp is valid only up to this timestamp.
           */
              struct ValidationData {
                  address aggregator;
                  uint48 validAfter;
                  uint48 validUntil;
              }
          //extract sigFailed, validAfter, validUntil.
          // also convert zero validUntil to type(uint48).max
              function _parseValidationData(uint validationData) pure returns (ValidationData memory data) {
                  address aggregator = address(uint160(validationData));
                  uint48 validUntil = uint48(validationData >> 160);
                  if (validUntil == 0) {
                      validUntil = type(uint48).max;
                  }
                  uint48 validAfter = uint48(validationData >> (48 + 160));
                  return ValidationData(aggregator, validAfter, validUntil);
              }
          // intersect account and paymaster ranges.
              function _intersectTimeRange(uint256 validationData, uint256 paymasterValidationData) pure returns (ValidationData memory) {
                  ValidationData memory accountValidationData = _parseValidationData(validationData);
                  ValidationData memory pmValidationData = _parseValidationData(paymasterValidationData);
                  address aggregator = accountValidationData.aggregator;
                  if (aggregator == address(0)) {
                      aggregator = pmValidationData.aggregator;
                  }
                  uint48 validAfter = accountValidationData.validAfter;
                  uint48 validUntil = accountValidationData.validUntil;
                  uint48 pmValidAfter = pmValidationData.validAfter;
                  uint48 pmValidUntil = pmValidationData.validUntil;
                  if (validAfter < pmValidAfter) validAfter = pmValidAfter;
                  if (validUntil > pmValidUntil) validUntil = pmValidUntil;
                  return ValidationData(aggregator, validAfter, validUntil);
              }
          /**
           * helper to pack the return value for validateUserOp
           * @param data - the ValidationData to pack
           */
              function _packValidationData(ValidationData memory data) pure returns (uint256) {
                  return uint160(data.aggregator) | (uint256(data.validUntil) << 160) | (uint256(data.validAfter) << (160 + 48));
              }
          /**
           * helper to pack the return value for validateUserOp, when not using an aggregator
           * @param sigFailed - true for signature failure, false for success
           * @param validUntil last timestamp this UserOperation is valid (or zero for infinite)
           * @param validAfter first timestamp this UserOperation is valid
           */
              function _packValidationData(bool sigFailed, uint48 validUntil, uint48 validAfter) pure returns (uint256) {
                  return (sigFailed ? 1 : 0) | (uint256(validUntil) << 160) | (uint256(validAfter) << (160 + 48));
              }
          /**
           * keccak function over calldata.
           * @dev copy calldata into memory, do keccak and drop allocated memory. Strangely, this is more efficient than letting solidity do it.
           */
              function calldataKeccak(bytes calldata data) pure returns (bytes32 ret) {
                  assembly {
                      let mem := mload(0x40)
                      let len := data.length
                      calldatacopy(mem, data.offset, len)
                      ret := keccak256(mem, len)
                  }
              }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
           * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
           */
          interface IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable {
              /**
               * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
               * address.
               *
               * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
               * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
               * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
               */
              function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
          import "../beacon/IBeaconUpgradeable.sol";
          import "../../interfaces/IERC1967Upgradeable.sol";
          import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol";
          import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
          import "../../utils/StorageSlotUpgradeable.sol";
          import {Initializable} from "../utils/Initializable.sol";
          /**
           * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
           *
           * _Available since v4.1._
           */
          abstract contract ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable is Initializable, IERC1967Upgradeable {
              // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
              bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;
              /**
               * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
               * validated in the constructor.
               */
              bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
              function __ERC1967Upgrade_init() internal onlyInitializing {
              }
              function __ERC1967Upgrade_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
               */
              function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
                  return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
               */
              function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                  require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
                  StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
               *
               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
               */
              function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
                  _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                  emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
               *
               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
               */
              function _upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                  _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                  if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                      AddressUpgradeable.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
               *
               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
               */
              function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                  // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
                  // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
                  // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
                  if (StorageSlotUpgradeable.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
                      _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                  } else {
                      try IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                          require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
                      } catch {
                          revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
                      }
                      _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
               * validated in the constructor.
               */
              bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
              /**
               * @dev Returns the current admin.
               */
              function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
                  return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
               */
              function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
                  require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
                  StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
               *
               * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
               */
              function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
                  emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
                  _setAdmin(newAdmin);
              }
              /**
               * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
               * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
               */
              bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
              /**
               * @dev Returns the current beacon.
               */
              function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
                  return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
               */
              function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
                  require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
                  require(
                      AddressUpgradeable.isContract(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation()),
                      "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
                  );
                  StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
               * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
               *
               * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
               */
              function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                  _setBeacon(newBeacon);
                  emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
                  if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                      AddressUpgradeable.functionDelegateCall(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
               * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
               * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
               */
              uint256[50] private __gap;
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
          import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
          /**
           * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
           * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
           * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
           * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
           *
           * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
           * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
           * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
           *
           * For example:
           *
           * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
           * ```solidity
           * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
           *     function initialize() initializer public {
           *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
           *     }
           * }
           *
           * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
           *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
           *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
           *     }
           * }
           * ```
           *
           * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
           * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
           *
           * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
           * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
           *
           * [CAUTION]
           * ====
           * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
           *
           * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
           * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
           * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
           *
           * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
           * ```
           * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
           * constructor() {
           *     _disableInitializers();
           * }
           * ```
           * ====
           */
          abstract contract Initializable {
              /**
               * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
               * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
               */
              uint8 private _initialized;
              /**
               * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
               */
              bool private _initializing;
              /**
               * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
               */
              event Initialized(uint8 version);
              /**
               * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
               * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
               *
               * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
               * constructor.
               *
               * Emits an {Initialized} event.
               */
              modifier initializer() {
                  bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
                  require(
                      (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
                      "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
                  );
                  _initialized = 1;
                  if (isTopLevelCall) {
                      _initializing = true;
                  }
                  _;
                  if (isTopLevelCall) {
                      _initializing = false;
                      emit Initialized(1);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
               * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
               * used to initialize parent contracts.
               *
               * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
               * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
               *
               * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
               * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
               *
               * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
               * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
               *
               * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
               *
               * Emits an {Initialized} event.
               */
              modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
                  require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
                  _initialized = version;
                  _initializing = true;
                  _;
                  _initializing = false;
                  emit Initialized(version);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
               * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
               */
              modifier onlyInitializing() {
                  require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
               * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
               * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
               * through proxies.
               *
               * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
               */
              function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
                  require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
                  if (_initialized != type(uint8).max) {
                      _initialized = type(uint8).max;
                      emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
               */
              function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
                  return _initialized;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
               */
              function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
                  return _initializing;
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Strings.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          import "./math/Math.sol";
          import "./math/SignedMath.sol";
          /**
           * @dev String operations.
           */
          library Strings {
              bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
              uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;
              /**
               * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
               */
              function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                  unchecked {
                      uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
                      string memory buffer = new string(length);
                      uint256 ptr;
                      /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                      assembly {
                          ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
                      }
                      while (true) {
                          ptr--;
                          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                          assembly {
                              mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                          }
                          value /= 10;
                          if (value == 0) break;
                      }
                      return buffer;
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
               */
              function toString(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                  return string(abi.encodePacked(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value))));
              }
              /**
               * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
               */
              function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                  unchecked {
                      return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
               */
              function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                  bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
                  buffer[0] = "0";
                  buffer[1] = "x";
                  for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
                      buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
                      value >>= 4;
                  }
                  require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
                  return string(buffer);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
               */
              function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                  return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
               */
              function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
                  return keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
              }
          }
          /*
           * Copyright 2024 Circle Internet Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
           * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
           * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
           * (at your option) any later version.
           * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
           * GNU General Public License for more details.
           * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.8.24;
          /**
           * @notice Forked from OZ V5 as it doesn't exist in V4.
           * @dev Signature message hash utilities for producing digests to be consumed by {ECDSA} recovery or signing.
           *
           * The library provides methods for generating a hash of a message that conforms to the
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191[EIP 191] and https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712]
           * specifications.
           */
          library MessageHashUtils {
              /**
               * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-712 typed data (EIP-191 version `0x01`).
               *
               * The digest is calculated from a `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`, by prefixing them with
               * `\\x19\\x01` and hashing the result. It corresponds to the hash signed by the
               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`] JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
               *
               * See {ECDSA-recover}.
               */
              function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                  assembly {
                      let ptr := mload(0x40)
                      mstore(ptr, hex"1901")
                      mstore(add(ptr, 0x02), domainSeparator)
                      mstore(add(ptr, 0x22), structHash)
                      digest := keccak256(ptr, 0x42)
                  }
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
          pragma solidity ^0.8.12;
          import "./UserOperation.sol";
          interface IAccount {
              /**
               * Validate user's signature and nonce
               * the entryPoint will make the call to the recipient only if this validation call returns successfully.
               * signature failure should be reported by returning SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED (1).
               * This allows making a "simulation call" without a valid signature
               * Other failures (e.g. nonce mismatch, or invalid signature format) should still revert to signal failure.
               *
               * @dev Must validate caller is the entryPoint.
               *      Must validate the signature and nonce
               * @param userOp the operation that is about to be executed.
               * @param userOpHash hash of the user's request data. can be used as the basis for signature.
               * @param missingAccountFunds missing funds on the account's deposit in the entrypoint.
               *      This is the minimum amount to transfer to the sender(entryPoint) to be able to make the call.
               *      The excess is left as a deposit in the entrypoint, for future calls.
               *      can be withdrawn anytime using "entryPoint.withdrawTo()"
               *      In case there is a paymaster in the request (or the current deposit is high enough), this value will be zero.
               * @return validationData packaged ValidationData structure. use `_packValidationData` and `_unpackValidationData` to encode and decode
               *      <20-byte> sigAuthorizer - 0 for valid signature, 1 to mark signature failure,
               *         otherwise, an address of an "authorizer" contract.
               *      <6-byte> validUntil - last timestamp this operation is valid. 0 for "indefinite"
               *      <6-byte> validAfter - first timestamp this operation is valid
               *      If an account doesn't use time-range, it is enough to return SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED value (1) for signature failure.
               *      Note that the validation code cannot use block.timestamp (or block.number) directly.
               */
              function validateUserOp(UserOperation calldata userOp, bytes32 userOpHash, uint256 missingAccountFunds)
              external returns (uint256 validationData);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
          pragma solidity ^0.8.12;
          import "./UserOperation.sol";
          /**
           * the interface exposed by a paymaster contract, who agrees to pay the gas for user's operations.
           * a paymaster must hold a stake to cover the required entrypoint stake and also the gas for the transaction.
           */
          interface IPaymaster {
              enum PostOpMode {
                  opSucceeded, // user op succeeded
                  opReverted, // user op reverted. still has to pay for gas.
                  postOpReverted //user op succeeded, but caused postOp to revert. Now it's a 2nd call, after user's op was deliberately reverted.
              }
              /**
               * payment validation: check if paymaster agrees to pay.
               * Must verify sender is the entryPoint.
               * Revert to reject this request.
               * Note that bundlers will reject this method if it changes the state, unless the paymaster is trusted (whitelisted)
               * The paymaster pre-pays using its deposit, and receive back a refund after the postOp method returns.
               * @param userOp the user operation
               * @param userOpHash hash of the user's request data.
               * @param maxCost the maximum cost of this transaction (based on maximum gas and gas price from userOp)
               * @return context value to send to a postOp
               *      zero length to signify postOp is not required.
               * @return validationData signature and time-range of this operation, encoded the same as the return value of validateUserOperation
               *      <20-byte> sigAuthorizer - 0 for valid signature, 1 to mark signature failure,
               *         otherwise, an address of an "authorizer" contract.
               *      <6-byte> validUntil - last timestamp this operation is valid. 0 for "indefinite"
               *      <6-byte> validAfter - first timestamp this operation is valid
               *      Note that the validation code cannot use block.timestamp (or block.number) directly.
               */
              function validatePaymasterUserOp(UserOperation calldata userOp, bytes32 userOpHash, uint256 maxCost)
              external returns (bytes memory context, uint256 validationData);
              /**
               * post-operation handler.
               * Must verify sender is the entryPoint
               * @param mode enum with the following options:
               *      opSucceeded - user operation succeeded.
               *      opReverted  - user op reverted. still has to pay for gas.
               *      postOpReverted - user op succeeded, but caused postOp (in mode=opSucceeded) to revert.
               *                       Now this is the 2nd call, after user's op was deliberately reverted.
               * @param context - the context value returned by validatePaymasterUserOp
               * @param actualGasCost - actual gas used so far (without this postOp call).
               */
              function postOp(PostOpMode mode, bytes calldata context, uint256 actualGasCost) external;
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
           */
          interface IBeacon {
              /**
               * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
               *
               * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
               */
              function implementation() external view returns (address);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
           *
           * _Available since v4.8.3._
           */
          interface IERC1967 {
              /**
               * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
               */
              event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
              /**
               * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
               */
              event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
              /**
               * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
               */
              event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
           * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
           */
          interface IERC1822Proxiable {
              /**
               * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
               * address.
               *
               * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
               * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
               * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
               */
              function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
          /**
           * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
           */
          library Address {
              /**
               * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
               *
               * [IMPORTANT]
               * ====
               * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
               * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
               *
               * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
               * types of addresses:
               *
               *  - an externally-owned account
               *  - a contract in construction
               *  - an address where a contract will be created
               *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
               *
               * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
               * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
               * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
               * ====
               *
               * [IMPORTANT]
               * ====
               * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
               *
               * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
               * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
               * constructor.
               * ====
               */
              function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                  // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
                  // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
                  // of the constructor execution.
                  return account.code.length > 0;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
               * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
               *
               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
               * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
               * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
               * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
               *
               * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
               *
               * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
               * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
               * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
               * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
               */
              function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                  require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                  (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                  require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
               * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
               * function instead.
               *
               * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
               * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
               *
               * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
               * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - `target` must be a contract.
               * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
               * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCall(
                  address target,
                  bytes memory data,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
               * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
               * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
               * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCallWithValue(
                  address target,
                  bytes memory data,
                  uint256 value,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                  return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a static call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.3._
               */
              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a static call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.3._
               */
              function functionStaticCall(
                  address target,
                  bytes memory data,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                  return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a delegate call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a delegate call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function functionDelegateCall(
                  address target,
                  bytes memory data,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                  return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
               * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
               *
               * _Available since v4.8._
               */
              function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                  address target,
                  bool success,
                  bytes memory returndata,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                  if (success) {
                      if (returndata.length == 0) {
                          // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                          // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                          require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                      }
                      return returndata;
                  } else {
                      _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
               * revert reason or using the provided one.
               *
               * _Available since v4.3._
               */
              function verifyCallResult(
                  bool success,
                  bytes memory returndata,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                  if (success) {
                      return returndata;
                  } else {
                      _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
                  }
              }
              function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
                  // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                  if (returndata.length > 0) {
                      // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                      /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                      assembly {
                          let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                          revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                      }
                  } else {
                      revert(errorMessage);
                  }
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
          // This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
           *
           * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
           * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
           *
           * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
           *
           * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
           * ```solidity
           * contract ERC1967 {
           *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
           *
           *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
           *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
           *     }
           *
           *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
           *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
           *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
           *     }
           * }
           * ```
           *
           * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, `uint256`._
           * _Available since v4.9 for `string`, `bytes`._
           */
          library StorageSlot {
              struct AddressSlot {
                  address value;
              }
              struct BooleanSlot {
                  bool value;
              }
              struct Bytes32Slot {
                  bytes32 value;
              }
              struct Uint256Slot {
                  uint256 value;
              }
              struct StringSlot {
                  string value;
              }
              struct BytesSlot {
                  bytes value;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
               */
              function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := store.slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
               */
              function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := store.slot
                  }
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC777/IERC777Recipient.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev Interface of the ERC777TokensRecipient standard as defined in the EIP.
           *
           * Accounts can be notified of {IERC777} tokens being sent to them by having a
           * contract implement this interface (contract holders can be their own
           * implementer) and registering it on the
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1820[ERC1820 global registry].
           *
           * See {IERC1820Registry} and {ERC1820Implementer}.
           */
          interface IERC777Recipient {
              /**
               * @dev Called by an {IERC777} token contract whenever tokens are being
               * moved or created into a registered account (`to`). The type of operation
               * is conveyed by `from` being the zero address or not.
               *
               * This call occurs _after_ the token contract's state is updated, so
               * {IERC777-balanceOf}, etc., can be used to query the post-operation state.
               *
               * This function may revert to prevent the operation from being executed.
               */
              function tokensReceived(
                  address operator,
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 amount,
                  bytes calldata userData,
                  bytes calldata operatorData
              ) external;
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
           */
          interface IBeaconUpgradeable {
              /**
               * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
               *
               * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
               */
              function implementation() external view returns (address);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
           *
           * _Available since v4.8.3._
           */
          interface IERC1967Upgradeable {
              /**
               * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
               */
              event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
              /**
               * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
               */
              event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
              /**
               * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
               */
              event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
          /**
           * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
           */
          library AddressUpgradeable {
              /**
               * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
               *
               * [IMPORTANT]
               * ====
               * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
               * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
               *
               * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
               * types of addresses:
               *
               *  - an externally-owned account
               *  - a contract in construction
               *  - an address where a contract will be created
               *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
               *
               * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
               * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
               * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
               * ====
               *
               * [IMPORTANT]
               * ====
               * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
               *
               * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
               * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
               * constructor.
               * ====
               */
              function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                  // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
                  // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
                  // of the constructor execution.
                  return account.code.length > 0;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
               * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
               *
               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
               * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
               * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
               * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
               *
               * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
               *
               * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
               * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
               * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
               * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
               */
              function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                  require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                  (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                  require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
               * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
               * function instead.
               *
               * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
               * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
               *
               * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
               * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - `target` must be a contract.
               * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
               * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCall(
                  address target,
                  bytes memory data,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
               * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
               * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
               * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCallWithValue(
                  address target,
                  bytes memory data,
                  uint256 value,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                  return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a static call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.3._
               */
              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a static call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.3._
               */
              function functionStaticCall(
                  address target,
                  bytes memory data,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                  return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a delegate call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a delegate call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function functionDelegateCall(
                  address target,
                  bytes memory data,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                  return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
               * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
               *
               * _Available since v4.8._
               */
              function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                  address target,
                  bool success,
                  bytes memory returndata,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                  if (success) {
                      if (returndata.length == 0) {
                          // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                          // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                          require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                      }
                      return returndata;
                  } else {
                      _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
               * revert reason or using the provided one.
               *
               * _Available since v4.3._
               */
              function verifyCallResult(
                  bool success,
                  bytes memory returndata,
                  string memory errorMessage
              ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                  if (success) {
                      return returndata;
                  } else {
                      _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
                  }
              }
              function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
                  // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                  if (returndata.length > 0) {
                      // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                      /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                      assembly {
                          let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                          revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                      }
                  } else {
                      revert(errorMessage);
                  }
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
          // This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
           *
           * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
           * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
           *
           * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
           *
           * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
           * ```solidity
           * contract ERC1967 {
           *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
           *
           *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
           *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
           *     }
           *
           *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
           *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
           *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
           *     }
           * }
           * ```
           *
           * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, `uint256`._
           * _Available since v4.9 for `string`, `bytes`._
           */
          library StorageSlotUpgradeable {
              struct AddressSlot {
                  address value;
              }
              struct BooleanSlot {
                  bool value;
              }
              struct Bytes32Slot {
                  bytes32 value;
              }
              struct Uint256Slot {
                  uint256 value;
              }
              struct StringSlot {
                  string value;
              }
              struct BytesSlot {
                  bytes value;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
               */
              function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := store.slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
               */
              function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := slot
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
               */
              function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r.slot := store.slot
                  }
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
           */
          library Math {
              enum Rounding {
                  Down, // Toward negative infinity
                  Up, // Toward infinity
                  Zero // Toward zero
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
               */
              function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  return a > b ? a : b;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
               */
              function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  return a < b ? a : b;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
               * zero.
               */
              function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
                  return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
               *
               * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
               * of rounding down.
               */
              function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
                  return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
               * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
               * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
               */
              function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
                  unchecked {
                      // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
                      // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
                      // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
                      uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
                      uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
                      assembly {
                          let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                          prod0 := mul(x, y)
                          prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
                      }
                      // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
                      if (prod1 == 0) {
                          // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                          // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                          // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                          return prod0 / denominator;
                      }
                      // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
                      require(denominator > prod1, "Math: mulDiv overflow");
                      ///////////////////////////////////////////////
                      // 512 by 256 division.
                      ///////////////////////////////////////////////
                      // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
                      uint256 remainder;
                      assembly {
                          // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                          remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)
                          // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                          prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                          prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
                      }
                      // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
                      // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.
                      // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
                      uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
                      assembly {
                          // Divide denominator by twos.
                          denominator := div(denominator, twos)
                          // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                          prod0 := div(prod0, twos)
                          // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                          twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
                      }
                      // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
                      prod0 |= prod1 * twos;
                      // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
                      // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
                      // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
                      uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;
                      // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
                      // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
                      inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
                      inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
                      inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
                      inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
                      inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
                      inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256
                      // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
                      // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
                      // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
                      // is no longer required.
                      result = prod0 * inverse;
                      return result;
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
               */
              function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
                  if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
                      result += 1;
                  }
                  return result;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
               *
               * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
               */
              function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  if (a == 0) {
                      return 0;
                  }
                  // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
                  //
                  // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
                  // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
                  //
                  // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
                  // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
                  // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
                  //
                  // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
                  uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);
                  // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
                  // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
                  // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
                  // into the expected uint128 result.
                  unchecked {
                      result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                      result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                      result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                      result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                      result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                      result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                      result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                      return min(result, a / result);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
               */
              function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  unchecked {
                      uint256 result = sqrt(a);
                      return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
               * Returns 0 if given 0.
               */
              function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  uint256 result = 0;
                  unchecked {
                      if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                          value >>= 128;
                          result += 128;
                      }
                      if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                          value >>= 64;
                          result += 64;
                      }
                      if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                          value >>= 32;
                          result += 32;
                      }
                      if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                          value >>= 16;
                          result += 16;
                      }
                      if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                          value >>= 8;
                          result += 8;
                      }
                      if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                          value >>= 4;
                          result += 4;
                      }
                      if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                          value >>= 2;
                          result += 2;
                      }
                      if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                          result += 1;
                      }
                  }
                  return result;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
               * Returns 0 if given 0.
               */
              function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  unchecked {
                      uint256 result = log2(value);
                      return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
               * Returns 0 if given 0.
               */
              function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  uint256 result = 0;
                  unchecked {
                      if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                          value /= 10 ** 64;
                          result += 64;
                      }
                      if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                          value /= 10 ** 32;
                          result += 32;
                      }
                      if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                          value /= 10 ** 16;
                          result += 16;
                      }
                      if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                          value /= 10 ** 8;
                          result += 8;
                      }
                      if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                          value /= 10 ** 4;
                          result += 4;
                      }
                      if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                          value /= 10 ** 2;
                          result += 2;
                      }
                      if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                          result += 1;
                      }
                  }
                  return result;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
               * Returns 0 if given 0.
               */
              function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  unchecked {
                      uint256 result = log10(value);
                      return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
                  }
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
               * Returns 0 if given 0.
               *
               * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
               */
              function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  uint256 result = 0;
                  unchecked {
                      if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                          value >>= 128;
                          result += 16;
                      }
                      if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                          value >>= 64;
                          result += 8;
                      }
                      if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                          value >>= 32;
                          result += 4;
                      }
                      if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                          value >>= 16;
                          result += 2;
                      }
                      if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                          result += 1;
                      }
                  }
                  return result;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
               * Returns 0 if given 0.
               */
              function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  unchecked {
                      uint256 result = log256(value);
                      return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
                  }
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)
          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
           */
          library SignedMath {
              /**
               * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
               */
              function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
                  return a > b ? a : b;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
               */
              function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
                  return a < b ? a : b;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
               * The result is rounded towards zero.
               */
              function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
                  // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
                  int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
                  return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
               */
              function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  unchecked {
                      // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
                      return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
                  }
              }
          }
          

          File 4 of 4: FiatTokenV2_2
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          import { EIP712Domain } from "./EIP712Domain.sol"; // solhint-disable-line no-unused-import
          import { Blacklistable } from "../v1/Blacklistable.sol"; // solhint-disable-line no-unused-import
          import { FiatTokenV1 } from "../v1/FiatTokenV1.sol"; // solhint-disable-line no-unused-import
          import { FiatTokenV2 } from "./FiatTokenV2.sol"; // solhint-disable-line no-unused-import
          import { FiatTokenV2_1 } from "./FiatTokenV2_1.sol";
          import { EIP712 } from "../util/EIP712.sol";
          // solhint-disable func-name-mixedcase
          /**
           * @title FiatToken V2.2
           * @notice ERC20 Token backed by fiat reserves, version 2.2
           */
          contract FiatTokenV2_2 is FiatTokenV2_1 {
              /**
               * @notice Initialize v2.2
               * @param accountsToBlacklist   A list of accounts to migrate from the old blacklist
               * @param newSymbol             New token symbol
               * data structure to the new blacklist data structure.
               */
              function initializeV2_2(
                  address[] calldata accountsToBlacklist,
                  string calldata newSymbol
              ) external {
                  // solhint-disable-next-line reason-string
                  require(_initializedVersion == 2);
                  // Update fiat token symbol
                  symbol = newSymbol;
                  // Add previously blacklisted accounts to the new blacklist data structure
                  // and remove them from the old blacklist data structure.
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < accountsToBlacklist.length; i++) {
                      require(
                          _deprecatedBlacklisted[accountsToBlacklist[i]],
                          "FiatTokenV2_2: Blacklisting previously unblacklisted account!"
                      );
                      _blacklist(accountsToBlacklist[i]);
                      delete _deprecatedBlacklisted[accountsToBlacklist[i]];
                  }
                  _blacklist(address(this));
                  delete _deprecatedBlacklisted[address(this)];
                  _initializedVersion = 3;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Internal function to get the current chain id.
               * @return The current chain id.
               */
              function _chainId() internal virtual view returns (uint256) {
                  uint256 chainId;
                  assembly {
                      chainId := chainid()
                  }
                  return chainId;
              }
              /**
               * @inheritdoc EIP712Domain
               */
              function _domainSeparator() internal override view returns (bytes32) {
                  return EIP712.makeDomainSeparator(name, "2", _chainId());
              }
              /**
               * @notice Update allowance with a signed permit
               * @dev EOA wallet signatures should be packed in the order of r, s, v.
               * @param owner       Token owner's address (Authorizer)
               * @param spender     Spender's address
               * @param value       Amount of allowance
               * @param deadline    The time at which the signature expires (unix time), or max uint256 value to signal no expiration
               * @param signature   Signature bytes signed by an EOA wallet or a contract wallet
               */
              function permit(
                  address owner,
                  address spender,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 deadline,
                  bytes memory signature
              ) external whenNotPaused {
                  _permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, signature);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Execute a transfer with a signed authorization
               * @dev EOA wallet signatures should be packed in the order of r, s, v.
               * @param from          Payer's address (Authorizer)
               * @param to            Payee's address
               * @param value         Amount to be transferred
               * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param nonce         Unique nonce
               * @param signature     Signature bytes signed by an EOA wallet or a contract wallet
               */
              function transferWithAuthorization(
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 validAfter,
                  uint256 validBefore,
                  bytes32 nonce,
                  bytes memory signature
              ) external whenNotPaused notBlacklisted(from) notBlacklisted(to) {
                  _transferWithAuthorization(
                      from,
                      to,
                      value,
                      validAfter,
                      validBefore,
                      nonce,
                      signature
                  );
              }
              /**
               * @notice Receive a transfer with a signed authorization from the payer
               * @dev This has an additional check to ensure that the payee's address
               * matches the caller of this function to prevent front-running attacks.
               * EOA wallet signatures should be packed in the order of r, s, v.
               * @param from          Payer's address (Authorizer)
               * @param to            Payee's address
               * @param value         Amount to be transferred
               * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param nonce         Unique nonce
               * @param signature     Signature bytes signed by an EOA wallet or a contract wallet
               */
              function receiveWithAuthorization(
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 validAfter,
                  uint256 validBefore,
                  bytes32 nonce,
                  bytes memory signature
              ) external whenNotPaused notBlacklisted(from) notBlacklisted(to) {
                  _receiveWithAuthorization(
                      from,
                      to,
                      value,
                      validAfter,
                      validBefore,
                      nonce,
                      signature
                  );
              }
              /**
               * @notice Attempt to cancel an authorization
               * @dev Works only if the authorization is not yet used.
               * EOA wallet signatures should be packed in the order of r, s, v.
               * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
               * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
               * @param signature     Signature bytes signed by an EOA wallet or a contract wallet
               */
              function cancelAuthorization(
                  address authorizer,
                  bytes32 nonce,
                  bytes memory signature
              ) external whenNotPaused {
                  _cancelAuthorization(authorizer, nonce, signature);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Helper method that sets the blacklist state of an account on balanceAndBlacklistStates.
               * If _shouldBlacklist is true, we apply a (1 << 255) bitmask with an OR operation on the
               * account's balanceAndBlacklistState. This flips the high bit for the account to 1,
               * indicating that the account is blacklisted.
               *
               * If _shouldBlacklist if false, we reset the account's balanceAndBlacklistStates to their
               * balances. This clears the high bit for the account, indicating that the account is unblacklisted.
               * @param _account         The address of the account.
               * @param _shouldBlacklist True if the account should be blacklisted, false if the account should be unblacklisted.
               */
              function _setBlacklistState(address _account, bool _shouldBlacklist)
                  internal
                  override
              {
                  balanceAndBlacklistStates[_account] = _shouldBlacklist
                      ? balanceAndBlacklistStates[_account] | (1 << 255)
                      : _balanceOf(_account);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Helper method that sets the balance of an account on balanceAndBlacklistStates.
               * Since balances are stored in the last 255 bits of the balanceAndBlacklistStates value,
               * we need to ensure that the updated balance does not exceed (2^255 - 1).
               * Since blacklisted accounts' balances cannot be updated, the method will also
               * revert if the account is blacklisted
               * @param _account The address of the account.
               * @param _balance The new fiat token balance of the account (max: (2^255 - 1)).
               */
              function _setBalance(address _account, uint256 _balance) internal override {
                  require(
                      _balance <= ((1 << 255) - 1),
                      "FiatTokenV2_2: Balance exceeds (2^255 - 1)"
                  );
                  require(
                      !_isBlacklisted(_account),
                      "FiatTokenV2_2: Account is blacklisted"
                  );
                  balanceAndBlacklistStates[_account] = _balance;
              }
              /**
               * @inheritdoc Blacklistable
               */
              function _isBlacklisted(address _account)
                  internal
                  override
                  view
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  return balanceAndBlacklistStates[_account] >> 255 == 1;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Helper method to obtain the balance of an account. Since balances
               * are stored in the last 255 bits of the balanceAndBlacklistStates value,
               * we apply a ((1 << 255) - 1) bit bitmask with an AND operation on the
               * balanceAndBlacklistState to obtain the balance.
               * @param _account  The address of the account.
               * @return          The fiat token balance of the account.
               */
              function _balanceOf(address _account)
                  internal
                  override
                  view
                  returns (uint256)
              {
                  return balanceAndBlacklistStates[_account] & ((1 << 255) - 1);
              }
              /**
               * @inheritdoc FiatTokenV1
               */
              function approve(address spender, uint256 value)
                  external
                  override
                  whenNotPaused
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  _approve(msg.sender, spender, value);
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @inheritdoc FiatTokenV2
               */
              function permit(
                  address owner,
                  address spender,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 deadline,
                  uint8 v,
                  bytes32 r,
                  bytes32 s
              ) external override whenNotPaused {
                  _permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
              }
              /**
               * @inheritdoc FiatTokenV2
               */
              function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 increment)
                  external
                  override
                  whenNotPaused
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  _increaseAllowance(msg.sender, spender, increment);
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @inheritdoc FiatTokenV2
               */
              function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 decrement)
                  external
                  override
                  whenNotPaused
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  _decreaseAllowance(msg.sender, spender, decrement);
                  return true;
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
           */
          library Address {
              /**
               * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
               *
               * [IMPORTANT]
               * ====
               * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
               * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
               *
               * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
               * types of addresses:
               *
               *  - an externally-owned account
               *  - a contract in construction
               *  - an address where a contract will be created
               *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
               * ====
               */
              function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                  // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
                  // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
                  // constructor execution.
                  uint256 size;
                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                  assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
                  return size > 0;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
               * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
               *
               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
               * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
               * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
               * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
               *
               * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
               *
               * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
               * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
               * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
               * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
               */
              function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                  require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
                  (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
                  require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
               * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
               * function instead.
               *
               * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
               * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
               *
               * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
               * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - `target` must be a contract.
               * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
               * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
               * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
               * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
               * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
               *
               * _Available since v3.1._
               */
              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                  require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: value }(data);
                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a static call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.3._
               */
              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a static call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.3._
               */
              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                  require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a delegate call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
              }
              /**
               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
               * but performing a delegate call.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                  require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
              }
              function _verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure returns(bytes memory) {
                  if (success) {
                      return returndata;
                  } else {
                      // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                      if (returndata.length > 0) {
                          // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                          // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                          assembly {
                              let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                              revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                          }
                      } else {
                          revert(errorMessage);
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
          import "./IERC20.sol";
          import "../../math/SafeMath.sol";
          import "../../utils/Address.sol";
          /**
           * @title SafeERC20
           * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
           * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
           * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
           * successful.
           * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
           * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
           */
          library SafeERC20 {
              using SafeMath for uint256;
              using Address for address;
              function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                  _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
              }
              function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                  _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
              }
              /**
               * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
               * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
               *
               * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
               * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
               */
              function safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                  // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
                  // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
                  // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
                  // solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
                  require((value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
                      "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
                  );
                  _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
              }
              function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                  uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender).add(value);
                  _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
              }
              function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                  uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender).sub(value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
                  _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
              }
              /**
               * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
               * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
               * @param token The token targeted by the call.
               * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
               */
              function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
                  // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
                  // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
                  // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.
                  bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
                  if (returndata.length > 0) { // Return data is optional
                      // solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
                      require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
                  }
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
           */
          interface IERC20 {
              /**
               * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
               */
              function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
              /**
               * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
               */
              function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
              /**
               * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
               *
               * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
               *
               * Emits a {Transfer} event.
               */
              function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
              /**
               * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
               * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
               * zero by default.
               *
               * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
               */
              function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
              /**
               * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
               *
               * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
               *
               * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
               * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
               * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
               * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
               * desired value afterwards:
               * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
               *
               * Emits an {Approval} event.
               */
              function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
              /**
               * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
               * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
               * allowance.
               *
               * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
               *
               * Emits a {Transfer} event.
               */
              function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
              /**
               * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
               * another (`to`).
               *
               * Note that `value` may be zero.
               */
              event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
              /**
               * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
               * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
               */
              event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
          /**
           * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
           * checks.
           *
           * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
           * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
           * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
           * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
           * operation overflows.
           *
           * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
           * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
           */
          library SafeMath {
              /**
               * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                  uint256 c = a + b;
                  if (c < a) return (false, 0);
                  return (true, c);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the substraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                  if (b > a) return (false, 0);
                  return (true, a - b);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                  // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
                  // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
                  // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
                  if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
                  uint256 c = a * b;
                  if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
                  return (true, c);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                  if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
                  return (true, a / b);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
               *
               * _Available since v3.4._
               */
              function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                  if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
                  return (true, a % b);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
               * overflow.
               *
               * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - Addition cannot overflow.
               */
              function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  uint256 c = a + b;
                  require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");
                  return c;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
               * overflow (when the result is negative).
               *
               * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
               */
              function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  require(b <= a, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
                  return a - b;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
               * overflow.
               *
               * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
               */
              function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  if (a == 0) return 0;
                  uint256 c = a * b;
                  require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");
                  return c;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting on
               * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
               *
               * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
               * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
               * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - The divisor cannot be zero.
               */
              function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  require(b > 0, "SafeMath: division by zero");
                  return a / b;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
               * reverting when dividing by zero.
               *
               * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
               * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
               * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - The divisor cannot be zero.
               */
              function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  require(b > 0, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
                  return a % b;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
               * overflow (when the result is negative).
               *
               * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
               * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {trySub}.
               *
               * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
               */
              function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  require(b <= a, errorMessage);
                  return a - b;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
               * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
               *
               * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
               * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryDiv}.
               *
               * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
               * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
               * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - The divisor cannot be zero.
               */
              function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  require(b > 0, errorMessage);
                  return a / b;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
               * reverting with custom message when dividing by zero.
               *
               * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
               * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryMod}.
               *
               * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
               * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
               * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
               *
               * Requirements:
               *
               * - The divisor cannot be zero.
               */
              function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  require(b > 0, errorMessage);
                  return a % b;
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          import { FiatTokenV2 } from "./FiatTokenV2.sol";
          // solhint-disable func-name-mixedcase
          /**
           * @title FiatToken V2.1
           * @notice ERC20 Token backed by fiat reserves, version 2.1
           */
          contract FiatTokenV2_1 is FiatTokenV2 {
              /**
               * @notice Initialize v2.1
               * @param lostAndFound  The address to which the locked funds are sent
               */
              function initializeV2_1(address lostAndFound) external {
                  // solhint-disable-next-line reason-string
                  require(_initializedVersion == 1);
                  uint256 lockedAmount = _balanceOf(address(this));
                  if (lockedAmount > 0) {
                      _transfer(address(this), lostAndFound, lockedAmount);
                  }
                  _blacklist(address(this));
                  _initializedVersion = 2;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Version string for the EIP712 domain separator
               * @return Version string
               */
              function version() external pure returns (string memory) {
                  return "2";
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          import { FiatTokenV1_1 } from "../v1.1/FiatTokenV1_1.sol";
          import { EIP712 } from "../util/EIP712.sol";
          import { EIP3009 } from "./EIP3009.sol";
          import { EIP2612 } from "./EIP2612.sol";
          /**
           * @title FiatToken V2
           * @notice ERC20 Token backed by fiat reserves, version 2
           */
          contract FiatTokenV2 is FiatTokenV1_1, EIP3009, EIP2612 {
              uint8 internal _initializedVersion;
              /**
               * @notice Initialize v2
               * @param newName   New token name
               */
              function initializeV2(string calldata newName) external {
                  // solhint-disable-next-line reason-string
                  require(initialized && _initializedVersion == 0);
                  name = newName;
                  _DEPRECATED_CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = EIP712.makeDomainSeparator(
                      newName,
                      "2"
                  );
                  _initializedVersion = 1;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Increase the allowance by a given increment
               * @param spender   Spender's address
               * @param increment Amount of increase in allowance
               * @return True if successful
               */
              function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 increment)
                  external
                  virtual
                  whenNotPaused
                  notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
                  notBlacklisted(spender)
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  _increaseAllowance(msg.sender, spender, increment);
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Decrease the allowance by a given decrement
               * @param spender   Spender's address
               * @param decrement Amount of decrease in allowance
               * @return True if successful
               */
              function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 decrement)
                  external
                  virtual
                  whenNotPaused
                  notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
                  notBlacklisted(spender)
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  _decreaseAllowance(msg.sender, spender, decrement);
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Execute a transfer with a signed authorization
               * @param from          Payer's address (Authorizer)
               * @param to            Payee's address
               * @param value         Amount to be transferred
               * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param nonce         Unique nonce
               * @param v             v of the signature
               * @param r             r of the signature
               * @param s             s of the signature
               */
              function transferWithAuthorization(
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 validAfter,
                  uint256 validBefore,
                  bytes32 nonce,
                  uint8 v,
                  bytes32 r,
                  bytes32 s
              ) external whenNotPaused notBlacklisted(from) notBlacklisted(to) {
                  _transferWithAuthorization(
                      from,
                      to,
                      value,
                      validAfter,
                      validBefore,
                      nonce,
                      v,
                      r,
                      s
                  );
              }
              /**
               * @notice Receive a transfer with a signed authorization from the payer
               * @dev This has an additional check to ensure that the payee's address
               * matches the caller of this function to prevent front-running attacks.
               * @param from          Payer's address (Authorizer)
               * @param to            Payee's address
               * @param value         Amount to be transferred
               * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param nonce         Unique nonce
               * @param v             v of the signature
               * @param r             r of the signature
               * @param s             s of the signature
               */
              function receiveWithAuthorization(
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 validAfter,
                  uint256 validBefore,
                  bytes32 nonce,
                  uint8 v,
                  bytes32 r,
                  bytes32 s
              ) external whenNotPaused notBlacklisted(from) notBlacklisted(to) {
                  _receiveWithAuthorization(
                      from,
                      to,
                      value,
                      validAfter,
                      validBefore,
                      nonce,
                      v,
                      r,
                      s
                  );
              }
              /**
               * @notice Attempt to cancel an authorization
               * @dev Works only if the authorization is not yet used.
               * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
               * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
               * @param v             v of the signature
               * @param r             r of the signature
               * @param s             s of the signature
               */
              function cancelAuthorization(
                  address authorizer,
                  bytes32 nonce,
                  uint8 v,
                  bytes32 r,
                  bytes32 s
              ) external whenNotPaused {
                  _cancelAuthorization(authorizer, nonce, v, r, s);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Update allowance with a signed permit
               * @param owner       Token owner's address (Authorizer)
               * @param spender     Spender's address
               * @param value       Amount of allowance
               * @param deadline    The time at which the signature expires (unix time), or max uint256 value to signal no expiration
               * @param v           v of the signature
               * @param r           r of the signature
               * @param s           s of the signature
               */
              function permit(
                  address owner,
                  address spender,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 deadline,
                  uint8 v,
                  bytes32 r,
                  bytes32 s
              )
                  external
                  virtual
                  whenNotPaused
                  notBlacklisted(owner)
                  notBlacklisted(spender)
              {
                  _permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Internal function to increase the allowance by a given increment
               * @param owner     Token owner's address
               * @param spender   Spender's address
               * @param increment Amount of increase
               */
              function _increaseAllowance(
                  address owner,
                  address spender,
                  uint256 increment
              ) internal override {
                  _approve(owner, spender, allowed[owner][spender].add(increment));
              }
              /**
               * @dev Internal function to decrease the allowance by a given decrement
               * @param owner     Token owner's address
               * @param spender   Spender's address
               * @param decrement Amount of decrease
               */
              function _decreaseAllowance(
                  address owner,
                  address spender,
                  uint256 decrement
              ) internal override {
                  _approve(
                      owner,
                      spender,
                      allowed[owner][spender].sub(
                          decrement,
                          "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero"
                      )
                  );
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          // solhint-disable func-name-mixedcase
          /**
           * @title EIP712 Domain
           */
          contract EIP712Domain {
              // was originally DOMAIN_SEPARATOR
              // but that has been moved to a method so we can override it in V2_2+
              bytes32 internal _DEPRECATED_CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
              /**
               * @notice Get the EIP712 Domain Separator.
               * @return The bytes32 EIP712 domain separator.
               */
              function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32) {
                  return _domainSeparator();
              }
              /**
               * @dev Internal method to get the EIP712 Domain Separator.
               * @return The bytes32 EIP712 domain separator.
               */
              function _domainSeparator() internal virtual view returns (bytes32) {
                  return _DEPRECATED_CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          import { AbstractFiatTokenV2 } from "./AbstractFiatTokenV2.sol";
          import { EIP712Domain } from "./EIP712Domain.sol";
          import { SignatureChecker } from "../util/SignatureChecker.sol";
          import { MessageHashUtils } from "../util/MessageHashUtils.sol";
          /**
           * @title EIP-3009
           * @notice Provide internal implementation for gas-abstracted transfers
           * @dev Contracts that inherit from this must wrap these with publicly
           * accessible functions, optionally adding modifiers where necessary
           */
          abstract contract EIP3009 is AbstractFiatTokenV2, EIP712Domain {
              // keccak256("TransferWithAuthorization(address from,address to,uint256 value,uint256 validAfter,uint256 validBefore,bytes32 nonce)")
              bytes32
                  public constant TRANSFER_WITH_AUTHORIZATION_TYPEHASH = 0x7c7c6cdb67a18743f49ec6fa9b35f50d52ed05cbed4cc592e13b44501c1a2267;
              // keccak256("ReceiveWithAuthorization(address from,address to,uint256 value,uint256 validAfter,uint256 validBefore,bytes32 nonce)")
              bytes32
                  public constant RECEIVE_WITH_AUTHORIZATION_TYPEHASH = 0xd099cc98ef71107a616c4f0f941f04c322d8e254fe26b3c6668db87aae413de8;
              // keccak256("CancelAuthorization(address authorizer,bytes32 nonce)")
              bytes32
                  public constant CANCEL_AUTHORIZATION_TYPEHASH = 0x158b0a9edf7a828aad02f63cd515c68ef2f50ba807396f6d12842833a1597429;
              /**
               * @dev authorizer address => nonce => bool (true if nonce is used)
               */
              mapping(address => mapping(bytes32 => bool)) private _authorizationStates;
              event AuthorizationUsed(address indexed authorizer, bytes32 indexed nonce);
              event AuthorizationCanceled(
                  address indexed authorizer,
                  bytes32 indexed nonce
              );
              /**
               * @notice Returns the state of an authorization
               * @dev Nonces are randomly generated 32-byte data unique to the
               * authorizer's address
               * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
               * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
               * @return True if the nonce is used
               */
              function authorizationState(address authorizer, bytes32 nonce)
                  external
                  view
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  return _authorizationStates[authorizer][nonce];
              }
              /**
               * @notice Execute a transfer with a signed authorization
               * @param from          Payer's address (Authorizer)
               * @param to            Payee's address
               * @param value         Amount to be transferred
               * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param nonce         Unique nonce
               * @param v             v of the signature
               * @param r             r of the signature
               * @param s             s of the signature
               */
              function _transferWithAuthorization(
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 validAfter,
                  uint256 validBefore,
                  bytes32 nonce,
                  uint8 v,
                  bytes32 r,
                  bytes32 s
              ) internal {
                  _transferWithAuthorization(
                      from,
                      to,
                      value,
                      validAfter,
                      validBefore,
                      nonce,
                      abi.encodePacked(r, s, v)
                  );
              }
              /**
               * @notice Execute a transfer with a signed authorization
               * @dev EOA wallet signatures should be packed in the order of r, s, v.
               * @param from          Payer's address (Authorizer)
               * @param to            Payee's address
               * @param value         Amount to be transferred
               * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param nonce         Unique nonce
               * @param signature     Signature byte array produced by an EOA wallet or a contract wallet
               */
              function _transferWithAuthorization(
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 validAfter,
                  uint256 validBefore,
                  bytes32 nonce,
                  bytes memory signature
              ) internal {
                  _requireValidAuthorization(from, nonce, validAfter, validBefore);
                  _requireValidSignature(
                      from,
                      keccak256(
                          abi.encode(
                              TRANSFER_WITH_AUTHORIZATION_TYPEHASH,
                              from,
                              to,
                              value,
                              validAfter,
                              validBefore,
                              nonce
                          )
                      ),
                      signature
                  );
                  _markAuthorizationAsUsed(from, nonce);
                  _transfer(from, to, value);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Receive a transfer with a signed authorization from the payer
               * @dev This has an additional check to ensure that the payee's address
               * matches the caller of this function to prevent front-running attacks.
               * @param from          Payer's address (Authorizer)
               * @param to            Payee's address
               * @param value         Amount to be transferred
               * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param nonce         Unique nonce
               * @param v             v of the signature
               * @param r             r of the signature
               * @param s             s of the signature
               */
              function _receiveWithAuthorization(
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 validAfter,
                  uint256 validBefore,
                  bytes32 nonce,
                  uint8 v,
                  bytes32 r,
                  bytes32 s
              ) internal {
                  _receiveWithAuthorization(
                      from,
                      to,
                      value,
                      validAfter,
                      validBefore,
                      nonce,
                      abi.encodePacked(r, s, v)
                  );
              }
              /**
               * @notice Receive a transfer with a signed authorization from the payer
               * @dev This has an additional check to ensure that the payee's address
               * matches the caller of this function to prevent front-running attacks.
               * EOA wallet signatures should be packed in the order of r, s, v.
               * @param from          Payer's address (Authorizer)
               * @param to            Payee's address
               * @param value         Amount to be transferred
               * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param nonce         Unique nonce
               * @param signature     Signature byte array produced by an EOA wallet or a contract wallet
               */
              function _receiveWithAuthorization(
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 validAfter,
                  uint256 validBefore,
                  bytes32 nonce,
                  bytes memory signature
              ) internal {
                  require(to == msg.sender, "FiatTokenV2: caller must be the payee");
                  _requireValidAuthorization(from, nonce, validAfter, validBefore);
                  _requireValidSignature(
                      from,
                      keccak256(
                          abi.encode(
                              RECEIVE_WITH_AUTHORIZATION_TYPEHASH,
                              from,
                              to,
                              value,
                              validAfter,
                              validBefore,
                              nonce
                          )
                      ),
                      signature
                  );
                  _markAuthorizationAsUsed(from, nonce);
                  _transfer(from, to, value);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Attempt to cancel an authorization
               * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
               * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
               * @param v             v of the signature
               * @param r             r of the signature
               * @param s             s of the signature
               */
              function _cancelAuthorization(
                  address authorizer,
                  bytes32 nonce,
                  uint8 v,
                  bytes32 r,
                  bytes32 s
              ) internal {
                  _cancelAuthorization(authorizer, nonce, abi.encodePacked(r, s, v));
              }
              /**
               * @notice Attempt to cancel an authorization
               * @dev EOA wallet signatures should be packed in the order of r, s, v.
               * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
               * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
               * @param signature     Signature byte array produced by an EOA wallet or a contract wallet
               */
              function _cancelAuthorization(
                  address authorizer,
                  bytes32 nonce,
                  bytes memory signature
              ) internal {
                  _requireUnusedAuthorization(authorizer, nonce);
                  _requireValidSignature(
                      authorizer,
                      keccak256(
                          abi.encode(CANCEL_AUTHORIZATION_TYPEHASH, authorizer, nonce)
                      ),
                      signature
                  );
                  _authorizationStates[authorizer][nonce] = true;
                  emit AuthorizationCanceled(authorizer, nonce);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Validates that signature against input data struct
               * @param signer        Signer's address
               * @param dataHash      Hash of encoded data struct
               * @param signature     Signature byte array produced by an EOA wallet or a contract wallet
               */
              function _requireValidSignature(
                  address signer,
                  bytes32 dataHash,
                  bytes memory signature
              ) private view {
                  require(
                      SignatureChecker.isValidSignatureNow(
                          signer,
                          MessageHashUtils.toTypedDataHash(_domainSeparator(), dataHash),
                          signature
                      ),
                      "FiatTokenV2: invalid signature"
                  );
              }
              /**
               * @notice Check that an authorization is unused
               * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
               * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
               */
              function _requireUnusedAuthorization(address authorizer, bytes32 nonce)
                  private
                  view
              {
                  require(
                      !_authorizationStates[authorizer][nonce],
                      "FiatTokenV2: authorization is used or canceled"
                  );
              }
              /**
               * @notice Check that authorization is valid
               * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
               * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
               * @param validAfter    The time after which this is valid (unix time)
               * @param validBefore   The time before which this is valid (unix time)
               */
              function _requireValidAuthorization(
                  address authorizer,
                  bytes32 nonce,
                  uint256 validAfter,
                  uint256 validBefore
              ) private view {
                  require(
                      now > validAfter,
                      "FiatTokenV2: authorization is not yet valid"
                  );
                  require(now < validBefore, "FiatTokenV2: authorization is expired");
                  _requireUnusedAuthorization(authorizer, nonce);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Mark an authorization as used
               * @param authorizer    Authorizer's address
               * @param nonce         Nonce of the authorization
               */
              function _markAuthorizationAsUsed(address authorizer, bytes32 nonce)
                  private
              {
                  _authorizationStates[authorizer][nonce] = true;
                  emit AuthorizationUsed(authorizer, nonce);
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          import { AbstractFiatTokenV2 } from "./AbstractFiatTokenV2.sol";
          import { EIP712Domain } from "./EIP712Domain.sol";
          import { MessageHashUtils } from "../util/MessageHashUtils.sol";
          import { SignatureChecker } from "../util/SignatureChecker.sol";
          /**
           * @title EIP-2612
           * @notice Provide internal implementation for gas-abstracted approvals
           */
          abstract contract EIP2612 is AbstractFiatTokenV2, EIP712Domain {
              // keccak256("Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)")
              bytes32
                  public constant PERMIT_TYPEHASH = 0x6e71edae12b1b97f4d1f60370fef10105fa2faae0126114a169c64845d6126c9;
              mapping(address => uint256) private _permitNonces;
              /**
               * @notice Nonces for permit
               * @param owner Token owner's address (Authorizer)
               * @return Next nonce
               */
              function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256) {
                  return _permitNonces[owner];
              }
              /**
               * @notice Verify a signed approval permit and execute if valid
               * @param owner     Token owner's address (Authorizer)
               * @param spender   Spender's address
               * @param value     Amount of allowance
               * @param deadline  The time at which the signature expires (unix time), or max uint256 value to signal no expiration
               * @param v         v of the signature
               * @param r         r of the signature
               * @param s         s of the signature
               */
              function _permit(
                  address owner,
                  address spender,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 deadline,
                  uint8 v,
                  bytes32 r,
                  bytes32 s
              ) internal {
                  _permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, abi.encodePacked(r, s, v));
              }
              /**
               * @notice Verify a signed approval permit and execute if valid
               * @dev EOA wallet signatures should be packed in the order of r, s, v.
               * @param owner      Token owner's address (Authorizer)
               * @param spender    Spender's address
               * @param value      Amount of allowance
               * @param deadline   The time at which the signature expires (unix time), or max uint256 value to signal no expiration
               * @param signature  Signature byte array signed by an EOA wallet or a contract wallet
               */
              function _permit(
                  address owner,
                  address spender,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 deadline,
                  bytes memory signature
              ) internal {
                  require(
                      deadline == type(uint256).max || deadline >= now,
                      "FiatTokenV2: permit is expired"
                  );
                  bytes32 typedDataHash = MessageHashUtils.toTypedDataHash(
                      _domainSeparator(),
                      keccak256(
                          abi.encode(
                              PERMIT_TYPEHASH,
                              owner,
                              spender,
                              value,
                              _permitNonces[owner]++,
                              deadline
                          )
                      )
                  );
                  require(
                      SignatureChecker.isValidSignatureNow(
                          owner,
                          typedDataHash,
                          signature
                      ),
                      "EIP2612: invalid signature"
                  );
                  _approve(owner, spender, value);
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          import { AbstractFiatTokenV1 } from "../v1/AbstractFiatTokenV1.sol";
          abstract contract AbstractFiatTokenV2 is AbstractFiatTokenV1 {
              function _increaseAllowance(
                  address owner,
                  address spender,
                  uint256 increment
              ) internal virtual;
              function _decreaseAllowance(
                  address owner,
                  address spender,
                  uint256 decrement
              ) internal virtual;
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2016 Smart Contract Solutions, Inc.
           * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
           *
           * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
           * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
           * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
           * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
           * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
           * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
           *
           * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
           * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
           *
           * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
           * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
           * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
           * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
           * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
           * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
           * SOFTWARE.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          import { Ownable } from "./Ownable.sol";
          /**
           * @notice Base contract which allows children to implement an emergency stop
           * mechanism
           * @dev Forked from https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/feb665136c0dae9912e08397c1a21c4af3651ef3/contracts/lifecycle/Pausable.sol
           * Modifications:
           * 1. Added pauser role, switched pause/unpause to be onlyPauser (6/14/2018)
           * 2. Removed whenNotPause/whenPaused from pause/unpause (6/14/2018)
           * 3. Removed whenPaused (6/14/2018)
           * 4. Switches ownable library to use ZeppelinOS (7/12/18)
           * 5. Remove constructor (7/13/18)
           * 6. Reformat, conform to Solidity 0.6 syntax and add error messages (5/13/20)
           * 7. Make public functions external (5/27/20)
           */
          contract Pausable is Ownable {
              event Pause();
              event Unpause();
              event PauserChanged(address indexed newAddress);
              address public pauser;
              bool public paused = false;
              /**
               * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
               */
              modifier whenNotPaused() {
                  require(!paused, "Pausable: paused");
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @dev throws if called by any account other than the pauser
               */
              modifier onlyPauser() {
                  require(msg.sender == pauser, "Pausable: caller is not the pauser");
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @dev called by the owner to pause, triggers stopped state
               */
              function pause() external onlyPauser {
                  paused = true;
                  emit Pause();
              }
              /**
               * @dev called by the owner to unpause, returns to normal state
               */
              function unpause() external onlyPauser {
                  paused = false;
                  emit Unpause();
              }
              /**
               * @notice Updates the pauser address.
               * @param _newPauser The address of the new pauser.
               */
              function updatePauser(address _newPauser) external onlyOwner {
                  require(
                      _newPauser != address(0),
                      "Pausable: new pauser is the zero address"
                  );
                  pauser = _newPauser;
                  emit PauserChanged(pauser);
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2018 zOS Global Limited.
           * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 CENTRE SECZ
           *
           * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
           * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
           * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
           * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
           * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
           * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
           *
           * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
           * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
           *
           * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
           * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
           * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
           * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
           * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
           * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
           * SOFTWARE.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          /**
           * @notice The Ownable contract has an owner address, and provides basic
           * authorization control functions
           * @dev Forked from https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-labs/blob/3887ab77b8adafba4a26ace002f3a684c1a3388b/upgradeability_ownership/contracts/ownership/Ownable.sol
           * Modifications:
           * 1. Consolidate OwnableStorage into this contract (7/13/18)
           * 2. Reformat, conform to Solidity 0.6 syntax, and add error messages (5/13/20)
           * 3. Make public functions external (5/27/20)
           */
          contract Ownable {
              // Owner of the contract
              address private _owner;
              /**
               * @dev Event to show ownership has been transferred
               * @param previousOwner representing the address of the previous owner
               * @param newOwner representing the address of the new owner
               */
              event OwnershipTransferred(address previousOwner, address newOwner);
              /**
               * @dev The constructor sets the original owner of the contract to the sender account.
               */
              constructor() public {
                  setOwner(msg.sender);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Tells the address of the owner
               * @return the address of the owner
               */
              function owner() external view returns (address) {
                  return _owner;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Sets a new owner address
               */
              function setOwner(address newOwner) internal {
                  _owner = newOwner;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
               */
              modifier onlyOwner() {
                  require(msg.sender == _owner, "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Allows the current owner to transfer control of the contract to a newOwner.
               * @param newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
               */
              function transferOwnership(address newOwner) external onlyOwner {
                  require(
                      newOwner != address(0),
                      "Ownable: new owner is the zero address"
                  );
                  emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, newOwner);
                  setOwner(newOwner);
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          import { SafeMath } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol";
          import { AbstractFiatTokenV1 } from "./AbstractFiatTokenV1.sol";
          import { Ownable } from "./Ownable.sol";
          import { Pausable } from "./Pausable.sol";
          import { Blacklistable } from "./Blacklistable.sol";
          /**
           * @title FiatToken
           * @dev ERC20 Token backed by fiat reserves
           */
          contract FiatTokenV1 is AbstractFiatTokenV1, Ownable, Pausable, Blacklistable {
              using SafeMath for uint256;
              string public name;
              string public symbol;
              uint8 public decimals;
              string public currency;
              address public masterMinter;
              bool internal initialized;
              /// @dev A mapping that stores the balance and blacklist states for a given address.
              /// The first bit defines whether the address is blacklisted (1 if blacklisted, 0 otherwise).
              /// The last 255 bits define the balance for the address.
              mapping(address => uint256) internal balanceAndBlacklistStates;
              mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) internal allowed;
              uint256 internal totalSupply_ = 0;
              mapping(address => bool) internal minters;
              mapping(address => uint256) internal minterAllowed;
              event Mint(address indexed minter, address indexed to, uint256 amount);
              event Burn(address indexed burner, uint256 amount);
              event MinterConfigured(address indexed minter, uint256 minterAllowedAmount);
              event MinterRemoved(address indexed oldMinter);
              event MasterMinterChanged(address indexed newMasterMinter);
              /**
               * @notice Initializes the fiat token contract.
               * @param tokenName       The name of the fiat token.
               * @param tokenSymbol     The symbol of the fiat token.
               * @param tokenCurrency   The fiat currency that the token represents.
               * @param tokenDecimals   The number of decimals that the token uses.
               * @param newMasterMinter The masterMinter address for the fiat token.
               * @param newPauser       The pauser address for the fiat token.
               * @param newBlacklister  The blacklister address for the fiat token.
               * @param newOwner        The owner of the fiat token.
               */
              function initialize(
                  string memory tokenName,
                  string memory tokenSymbol,
                  string memory tokenCurrency,
                  uint8 tokenDecimals,
                  address newMasterMinter,
                  address newPauser,
                  address newBlacklister,
                  address newOwner
              ) public {
                  require(!initialized, "FiatToken: contract is already initialized");
                  require(
                      newMasterMinter != address(0),
                      "FiatToken: new masterMinter is the zero address"
                  );
                  require(
                      newPauser != address(0),
                      "FiatToken: new pauser is the zero address"
                  );
                  require(
                      newBlacklister != address(0),
                      "FiatToken: new blacklister is the zero address"
                  );
                  require(
                      newOwner != address(0),
                      "FiatToken: new owner is the zero address"
                  );
                  name = tokenName;
                  symbol = tokenSymbol;
                  currency = tokenCurrency;
                  decimals = tokenDecimals;
                  masterMinter = newMasterMinter;
                  pauser = newPauser;
                  blacklister = newBlacklister;
                  setOwner(newOwner);
                  initialized = true;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Throws if called by any account other than a minter.
               */
              modifier onlyMinters() {
                  require(minters[msg.sender], "FiatToken: caller is not a minter");
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Mints fiat tokens to an address.
               * @param _to The address that will receive the minted tokens.
               * @param _amount The amount of tokens to mint. Must be less than or equal
               * to the minterAllowance of the caller.
               * @return True if the operation was successful.
               */
              function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount)
                  external
                  whenNotPaused
                  onlyMinters
                  notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
                  notBlacklisted(_to)
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  require(_to != address(0), "FiatToken: mint to the zero address");
                  require(_amount > 0, "FiatToken: mint amount not greater than 0");
                  uint256 mintingAllowedAmount = minterAllowed[msg.sender];
                  require(
                      _amount <= mintingAllowedAmount,
                      "FiatToken: mint amount exceeds minterAllowance"
                  );
                  totalSupply_ = totalSupply_.add(_amount);
                  _setBalance(_to, _balanceOf(_to).add(_amount));
                  minterAllowed[msg.sender] = mintingAllowedAmount.sub(_amount);
                  emit Mint(msg.sender, _to, _amount);
                  emit Transfer(address(0), _to, _amount);
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the masterMinter
               */
              modifier onlyMasterMinter() {
                  require(
                      msg.sender == masterMinter,
                      "FiatToken: caller is not the masterMinter"
                  );
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Gets the minter allowance for an account.
               * @param minter The address to check.
               * @return The remaining minter allowance for the account.
               */
              function minterAllowance(address minter) external view returns (uint256) {
                  return minterAllowed[minter];
              }
              /**
               * @notice Checks if an account is a minter.
               * @param account The address to check.
               * @return True if the account is a minter, false if the account is not a minter.
               */
              function isMinter(address account) external view returns (bool) {
                  return minters[account];
              }
              /**
               * @notice Gets the remaining amount of fiat tokens a spender is allowed to transfer on
               * behalf of the token owner.
               * @param owner   The token owner's address.
               * @param spender The spender's address.
               * @return The remaining allowance.
               */
              function allowance(address owner, address spender)
                  external
                  override
                  view
                  returns (uint256)
              {
                  return allowed[owner][spender];
              }
              /**
               * @notice Gets the totalSupply of the fiat token.
               * @return The totalSupply of the fiat token.
               */
              function totalSupply() external override view returns (uint256) {
                  return totalSupply_;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Gets the fiat token balance of an account.
               * @param account  The address to check.
               * @return balance The fiat token balance of the account.
               */
              function balanceOf(address account)
                  external
                  override
                  view
                  returns (uint256)
              {
                  return _balanceOf(account);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Sets a fiat token allowance for a spender to spend on behalf of the caller.
               * @param spender The spender's address.
               * @param value   The allowance amount.
               * @return True if the operation was successful.
               */
              function approve(address spender, uint256 value)
                  external
                  virtual
                  override
                  whenNotPaused
                  notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
                  notBlacklisted(spender)
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  _approve(msg.sender, spender, value);
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Internal function to set allowance.
               * @param owner     Token owner's address.
               * @param spender   Spender's address.
               * @param value     Allowance amount.
               */
              function _approve(
                  address owner,
                  address spender,
                  uint256 value
              ) internal override {
                  require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
                  require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");
                  allowed[owner][spender] = value;
                  emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Transfers tokens from an address to another by spending the caller's allowance.
               * @dev The caller must have some fiat token allowance on the payer's tokens.
               * @param from  Payer's address.
               * @param to    Payee's address.
               * @param value Transfer amount.
               * @return True if the operation was successful.
               */
              function transferFrom(
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 value
              )
                  external
                  override
                  whenNotPaused
                  notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
                  notBlacklisted(from)
                  notBlacklisted(to)
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  require(
                      value <= allowed[from][msg.sender],
                      "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance"
                  );
                  _transfer(from, to, value);
                  allowed[from][msg.sender] = allowed[from][msg.sender].sub(value);
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Transfers tokens from the caller.
               * @param to    Payee's address.
               * @param value Transfer amount.
               * @return True if the operation was successful.
               */
              function transfer(address to, uint256 value)
                  external
                  override
                  whenNotPaused
                  notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
                  notBlacklisted(to)
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  _transfer(msg.sender, to, value);
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Internal function to process transfers.
               * @param from  Payer's address.
               * @param to    Payee's address.
               * @param value Transfer amount.
               */
              function _transfer(
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 value
              ) internal override {
                  require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
                  require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
                  require(
                      value <= _balanceOf(from),
                      "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance"
                  );
                  _setBalance(from, _balanceOf(from).sub(value));
                  _setBalance(to, _balanceOf(to).add(value));
                  emit Transfer(from, to, value);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Adds or updates a new minter with a mint allowance.
               * @param minter The address of the minter.
               * @param minterAllowedAmount The minting amount allowed for the minter.
               * @return True if the operation was successful.
               */
              function configureMinter(address minter, uint256 minterAllowedAmount)
                  external
                  whenNotPaused
                  onlyMasterMinter
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  minters[minter] = true;
                  minterAllowed[minter] = minterAllowedAmount;
                  emit MinterConfigured(minter, minterAllowedAmount);
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Removes a minter.
               * @param minter The address of the minter to remove.
               * @return True if the operation was successful.
               */
              function removeMinter(address minter)
                  external
                  onlyMasterMinter
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  minters[minter] = false;
                  minterAllowed[minter] = 0;
                  emit MinterRemoved(minter);
                  return true;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Allows a minter to burn some of its own tokens.
               * @dev The caller must be a minter, must not be blacklisted, and the amount to burn
               * should be less than or equal to the account's balance.
               * @param _amount the amount of tokens to be burned.
               */
              function burn(uint256 _amount)
                  external
                  whenNotPaused
                  onlyMinters
                  notBlacklisted(msg.sender)
              {
                  uint256 balance = _balanceOf(msg.sender);
                  require(_amount > 0, "FiatToken: burn amount not greater than 0");
                  require(balance >= _amount, "FiatToken: burn amount exceeds balance");
                  totalSupply_ = totalSupply_.sub(_amount);
                  _setBalance(msg.sender, balance.sub(_amount));
                  emit Burn(msg.sender, _amount);
                  emit Transfer(msg.sender, address(0), _amount);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Updates the master minter address.
               * @param _newMasterMinter The address of the new master minter.
               */
              function updateMasterMinter(address _newMasterMinter) external onlyOwner {
                  require(
                      _newMasterMinter != address(0),
                      "FiatToken: new masterMinter is the zero address"
                  );
                  masterMinter = _newMasterMinter;
                  emit MasterMinterChanged(masterMinter);
              }
              /**
               * @inheritdoc Blacklistable
               */
              function _blacklist(address _account) internal override {
                  _setBlacklistState(_account, true);
              }
              /**
               * @inheritdoc Blacklistable
               */
              function _unBlacklist(address _account) internal override {
                  _setBlacklistState(_account, false);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Helper method that sets the blacklist state of an account.
               * @param _account         The address of the account.
               * @param _shouldBlacklist True if the account should be blacklisted, false if the account should be unblacklisted.
               */
              function _setBlacklistState(address _account, bool _shouldBlacklist)
                  internal
                  virtual
              {
                  _deprecatedBlacklisted[_account] = _shouldBlacklist;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Helper method that sets the balance of an account.
               * @param _account The address of the account.
               * @param _balance The new fiat token balance of the account.
               */
              function _setBalance(address _account, uint256 _balance) internal virtual {
                  balanceAndBlacklistStates[_account] = _balance;
              }
              /**
               * @inheritdoc Blacklistable
               */
              function _isBlacklisted(address _account)
                  internal
                  virtual
                  override
                  view
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  return _deprecatedBlacklisted[_account];
              }
              /**
               * @dev Helper method to obtain the balance of an account.
               * @param _account  The address of the account.
               * @return          The fiat token balance of the account.
               */
              function _balanceOf(address _account)
                  internal
                  virtual
                  view
                  returns (uint256)
              {
                  return balanceAndBlacklistStates[_account];
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          import { Ownable } from "./Ownable.sol";
          /**
           * @title Blacklistable Token
           * @dev Allows accounts to be blacklisted by a "blacklister" role
           */
          abstract contract Blacklistable is Ownable {
              address public blacklister;
              mapping(address => bool) internal _deprecatedBlacklisted;
              event Blacklisted(address indexed _account);
              event UnBlacklisted(address indexed _account);
              event BlacklisterChanged(address indexed newBlacklister);
              /**
               * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the blacklister.
               */
              modifier onlyBlacklister() {
                  require(
                      msg.sender == blacklister,
                      "Blacklistable: caller is not the blacklister"
                  );
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @dev Throws if argument account is blacklisted.
               * @param _account The address to check.
               */
              modifier notBlacklisted(address _account) {
                  require(
                      !_isBlacklisted(_account),
                      "Blacklistable: account is blacklisted"
                  );
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Checks if account is blacklisted.
               * @param _account The address to check.
               * @return True if the account is blacklisted, false if the account is not blacklisted.
               */
              function isBlacklisted(address _account) external view returns (bool) {
                  return _isBlacklisted(_account);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Adds account to blacklist.
               * @param _account The address to blacklist.
               */
              function blacklist(address _account) external onlyBlacklister {
                  _blacklist(_account);
                  emit Blacklisted(_account);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Removes account from blacklist.
               * @param _account The address to remove from the blacklist.
               */
              function unBlacklist(address _account) external onlyBlacklister {
                  _unBlacklist(_account);
                  emit UnBlacklisted(_account);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Updates the blacklister address.
               * @param _newBlacklister The address of the new blacklister.
               */
              function updateBlacklister(address _newBlacklister) external onlyOwner {
                  require(
                      _newBlacklister != address(0),
                      "Blacklistable: new blacklister is the zero address"
                  );
                  blacklister = _newBlacklister;
                  emit BlacklisterChanged(blacklister);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Checks if account is blacklisted.
               * @param _account The address to check.
               * @return true if the account is blacklisted, false otherwise.
               */
              function _isBlacklisted(address _account)
                  internal
                  virtual
                  view
                  returns (bool);
              /**
               * @dev Helper method that blacklists an account.
               * @param _account The address to blacklist.
               */
              function _blacklist(address _account) internal virtual;
              /**
               * @dev Helper method that unblacklists an account.
               * @param _account The address to unblacklist.
               */
              function _unBlacklist(address _account) internal virtual;
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
          abstract contract AbstractFiatTokenV1 is IERC20 {
              function _approve(
                  address owner,
                  address spender,
                  uint256 value
              ) internal virtual;
              function _transfer(
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 value
              ) internal virtual;
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          import { Ownable } from "../v1/Ownable.sol";
          import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
          import { SafeERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/SafeERC20.sol";
          contract Rescuable is Ownable {
              using SafeERC20 for IERC20;
              address private _rescuer;
              event RescuerChanged(address indexed newRescuer);
              /**
               * @notice Returns current rescuer
               * @return Rescuer's address
               */
              function rescuer() external view returns (address) {
                  return _rescuer;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Revert if called by any account other than the rescuer.
               */
              modifier onlyRescuer() {
                  require(msg.sender == _rescuer, "Rescuable: caller is not the rescuer");
                  _;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Rescue ERC20 tokens locked up in this contract.
               * @param tokenContract ERC20 token contract address
               * @param to        Recipient address
               * @param amount    Amount to withdraw
               */
              function rescueERC20(
                  IERC20 tokenContract,
                  address to,
                  uint256 amount
              ) external onlyRescuer {
                  tokenContract.safeTransfer(to, amount);
              }
              /**
               * @notice Updates the rescuer address.
               * @param newRescuer The address of the new rescuer.
               */
              function updateRescuer(address newRescuer) external onlyOwner {
                  require(
                      newRescuer != address(0),
                      "Rescuable: new rescuer is the zero address"
                  );
                  _rescuer = newRescuer;
                  emit RescuerChanged(newRescuer);
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          import { FiatTokenV1 } from "../v1/FiatTokenV1.sol";
          import { Rescuable } from "./Rescuable.sol";
          /**
           * @title FiatTokenV1_1
           * @dev ERC20 Token backed by fiat reserves
           */
          contract FiatTokenV1_1 is FiatTokenV1, Rescuable {
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          import { ECRecover } from "./ECRecover.sol";
          import { IERC1271 } from "../interface/IERC1271.sol";
          /**
           * @dev Signature verification helper that can be used instead of `ECRecover.recover` to seamlessly support both ECDSA
           * signatures from externally owned accounts (EOAs) as well as ERC1271 signatures from smart contract wallets.
           *
           * Adapted from https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/21bb89ef5bfc789b9333eb05e3ba2b7b284ac77c/contracts/utils/cryptography/SignatureChecker.sol
           */
          library SignatureChecker {
              /**
               * @dev Checks if a signature is valid for a given signer and data hash. If the signer is a smart contract, the
               * signature is validated against that smart contract using ERC1271, otherwise it's validated using `ECRecover.recover`.
               * @param signer        Address of the claimed signer
               * @param digest        Keccak-256 hash digest of the signed message
               * @param signature     Signature byte array associated with hash
               */
              function isValidSignatureNow(
                  address signer,
                  bytes32 digest,
                  bytes memory signature
              ) external view returns (bool) {
                  if (!isContract(signer)) {
                      return ECRecover.recover(digest, signature) == signer;
                  }
                  return isValidERC1271SignatureNow(signer, digest, signature);
              }
              /**
               * @dev Checks if a signature is valid for a given signer and data hash. The signature is validated
               * against the signer smart contract using ERC1271.
               * @param signer        Address of the claimed signer
               * @param digest        Keccak-256 hash digest of the signed message
               * @param signature     Signature byte array associated with hash
               *
               * NOTE: Unlike ECDSA signatures, contract signatures are revocable, and the outcome of this function can thus
               * change through time. It could return true at block N and false at block N+1 (or the opposite).
               */
              function isValidERC1271SignatureNow(
                  address signer,
                  bytes32 digest,
                  bytes memory signature
              ) internal view returns (bool) {
                  (bool success, bytes memory result) = signer.staticcall(
                      abi.encodeWithSelector(
                          IERC1271.isValidSignature.selector,
                          digest,
                          signature
                      )
                  );
                  return (success &&
                      result.length >= 32 &&
                      abi.decode(result, (bytes32)) ==
                      bytes32(IERC1271.isValidSignature.selector));
              }
              /**
               * @dev Checks if the input address is a smart contract.
               */
              function isContract(address addr) internal view returns (bool) {
                  uint256 size;
                  assembly {
                      size := extcodesize(addr)
                  }
                  return size > 0;
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          /**
           * @dev Signature message hash utilities for producing digests to be consumed by {ECDSA} recovery or signing.
           *
           * The library provides methods for generating a hash of a message that conforms to the
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191[EIP 191] and https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712]
           * specifications.
           */
          library MessageHashUtils {
              /**
               * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-712 typed data (EIP-191 version `0x01`).
               * Adapted from https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/21bb89ef5bfc789b9333eb05e3ba2b7b284ac77c/contracts/utils/cryptography/MessageHashUtils.sol
               *
               * The digest is calculated from a `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`, by prefixing them with
               * `\\x19\\x01` and hashing the result. It corresponds to the hash signed by the
               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`] JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
               *
               * @param domainSeparator    Domain separator
               * @param structHash         Hashed EIP-712 data struct
               * @return digest            The keccak256 digest of an EIP-712 typed data
               */
              function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash)
                  internal
                  pure
                  returns (bytes32 digest)
              {
                  assembly {
                      let ptr := mload(0x40)
                      mstore(ptr, "\\x19\\x01")
                      mstore(add(ptr, 0x02), domainSeparator)
                      mstore(add(ptr, 0x22), structHash)
                      digest := keccak256(ptr, 0x42)
                  }
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          /**
           * @title EIP712
           * @notice A library that provides EIP712 helper functions
           */
          library EIP712 {
              /**
               * @notice Make EIP712 domain separator
               * @param name      Contract name
               * @param version   Contract version
               * @param chainId   Blockchain ID
               * @return Domain separator
               */
              function makeDomainSeparator(
                  string memory name,
                  string memory version,
                  uint256 chainId
              ) internal view returns (bytes32) {
                  return
                      keccak256(
                          abi.encode(
                              // keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)")
                              0x8b73c3c69bb8fe3d512ecc4cf759cc79239f7b179b0ffacaa9a75d522b39400f,
                              keccak256(bytes(name)),
                              keccak256(bytes(version)),
                              chainId,
                              address(this)
                          )
                      );
              }
              /**
               * @notice Make EIP712 domain separator
               * @param name      Contract name
               * @param version   Contract version
               * @return Domain separator
               */
              function makeDomainSeparator(string memory name, string memory version)
                  internal
                  view
                  returns (bytes32)
              {
                  uint256 chainId;
                  assembly {
                      chainId := chainid()
                  }
                  return makeDomainSeparator(name, version, chainId);
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          /**
           * @title ECRecover
           * @notice A library that provides a safe ECDSA recovery function
           */
          library ECRecover {
              /**
               * @notice Recover signer's address from a signed message
               * @dev Adapted from: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/65e4ffde586ec89af3b7e9140bdc9235d1254853/contracts/cryptography/ECDSA.sol
               * Modifications: Accept v, r, and s as separate arguments
               * @param digest    Keccak-256 hash digest of the signed message
               * @param v         v of the signature
               * @param r         r of the signature
               * @param s         s of the signature
               * @return Signer address
               */
              function recover(
                  bytes32 digest,
                  uint8 v,
                  bytes32 r,
                  bytes32 s
              ) internal pure returns (address) {
                  // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
                  // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
                  // the valid range for s in (281): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (282): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
                  // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
                  //
                  // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
                  // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
                  // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
                  // these malleable signatures as well.
                  if (
                      uint256(s) >
                      0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0
                  ) {
                      revert("ECRecover: invalid signature 's' value");
                  }
                  if (v != 27 && v != 28) {
                      revert("ECRecover: invalid signature 'v' value");
                  }
                  // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
                  address signer = ecrecover(digest, v, r, s);
                  require(signer != address(0), "ECRecover: invalid signature");
                  return signer;
              }
              /**
               * @notice Recover signer's address from a signed message
               * @dev Adapted from: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/0053ee040a7ff1dbc39691c9e67a69f564930a88/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol
               * @param digest    Keccak-256 hash digest of the signed message
               * @param signature Signature byte array associated with hash
               * @return Signer address
               */
              function recover(bytes32 digest, bytes memory signature)
                  internal
                  pure
                  returns (address)
              {
                  require(signature.length == 65, "ECRecover: invalid signature length");
                  bytes32 r;
                  bytes32 s;
                  uint8 v;
                  // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
                  // currently is to use assembly.
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                      s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                      v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
                  }
                  return recover(digest, v, r, s);
              }
          }
          /**
           * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
           *
           * Copyright (c) 2023, Circle Internet Financial, LLC.
           *
           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
           *
           * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
           *
           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           * limitations under the License.
           */
          pragma solidity 0.6.12;
          /**
           * @dev Interface of the ERC1271 standard signature validation method for
           * contracts as defined in https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1271[ERC-1271].
           */
          interface IERC1271 {
              /**
               * @dev Should return whether the signature provided is valid for the provided data
               * @param hash          Hash of the data to be signed
               * @param signature     Signature byte array associated with the provided data hash
               * @return magicValue   bytes4 magic value 0x1626ba7e when function passes
               */
              function isValidSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature)
                  external
                  view
                  returns (bytes4 magicValue);
          }