ETH Price: $2,408.09 (-4.51%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
18835672 at Dec-21-2023 05:16:23 PM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.010425066512924588 ETH $25.10
Gas Used:
169,799 Gas / 61.396513012 Gwei

Emitted Events:

187 BlurToken.Transfer( from=BlurAirdrop2, to=[Receiver] ERC1967Proxy, value=1607831921353631000000 )
188 BlurAirdrop2.Claimed( account=[Sender] 0x7686d61bea449b0a95d68da65140d5a71763a94b, amount=1607831921353631000000 )
189 ERC1967Proxy.0xe1fffcc4923d04b559f4d29a8bfc6cda04eb5b0d3c460751c2402c5c5cc9109c( 0xe1fffcc4923d04b559f4d29a8bfc6cda04eb5b0d3c460751c2402c5c5cc9109c, 0x0000000000000000000000007686d61bea449b0a95d68da65140d5a71763a94b, 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000057292675d000f8e5c0 )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
5.10006902375040745 Eth5.10008600365040745 Eth0.0000169799
0x5283D291...121208b44
0x7686d61B...71763a94B
0.179781038652336226 Eth
Nonce: 463
0.169355972139411638 Eth
Nonce: 464
0.010425066512924588
0xB38283CB...265DdF093
(Blur: Airdrop 2)
0xeC2432a2...03203933E
(Blur: Holding)

Execution Trace

ERC1967Proxy.c3a086d0( )
  • Holding.depositFromAirdrop( )
    • BlurAirdrop2.claim( )
      • BlurToken.transfer( to=0xeC2432a227440139DDF1044c3feA7Ae03203933E, amount=1607831921353631000000 ) => ( True )
        File 1 of 4: ERC1967Proxy
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)
        pragma solidity 0.8.17;
        import "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/Proxy.sol";
        import "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol";
        /**
         * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
         * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
         * implementation behind the proxy.
         */
        contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
            /**
             * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
             *
             * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
             * function call, and allows initializating the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
             */
            constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
                assert(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT == bytes32(uint256(keccak256("eip1967.proxy.implementation")) - 1));
                _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
             */
            function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
                return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
         * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
         * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
         *
         * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
         * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
         *
         * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
         */
        abstract contract Proxy {
            /**
             * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
             *
             * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
             */
            function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
                assembly {
                    // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                    // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                    // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                    calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                    // Call the implementation.
                    // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                    let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                    // Copy the returned data.
                    returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                    switch result
                    // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                    case 0 {
                        revert(0, returndatasize())
                    }
                    default {
                        return(0, returndatasize())
                    }
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
             * and {_fallback} should delegate.
             */
            function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
            /**
             * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
             *
             * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
             */
            function _fallback() internal virtual {
                _beforeFallback();
                _delegate(_implementation());
            }
            /**
             * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
             * function in the contract matches the call data.
             */
            fallback() external payable virtual {
                _fallback();
            }
            /**
             * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
             * is empty.
             */
            receive() external payable virtual {
                _fallback();
            }
            /**
             * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
             * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
             *
             * If overridden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
             */
            function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {}
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.3) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
        import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
        import "../../interfaces/IERC1967.sol";
        import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
        import "../../utils/Address.sol";
        import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";
        /**
         * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
         *
         * _Available since v4.1._
         */
        abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade is IERC1967 {
            // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
            bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;
            /**
             * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
             * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
             * validated in the constructor.
             */
            bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
            /**
             * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
             */
            function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
                return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
             */
            function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
                StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
             *
             * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
             */
            function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
                _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
             *
             * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
             */
            function _upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                    Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
             *
             * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
             */
            function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
                // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
                // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
                if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
                    _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                } else {
                    try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                        require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
                    } catch {
                        revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
                    }
                    _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
             * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
             * validated in the constructor.
             */
            bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
            /**
             * @dev Returns the current admin.
             */
            function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
                return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
             */
            function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
                require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
                StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
             *
             * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
             */
            function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
                emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
                _setAdmin(newAdmin);
            }
            /**
             * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
             * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
             */
            bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
            /**
             * @dev Returns the current beacon.
             */
            function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
                return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
             */
            function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
                require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
                require(
                    Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
                    "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
                );
                StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
             * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
             *
             * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
             */
            function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
                _setBeacon(newBeacon);
                emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
                if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                    Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
         */
        interface IBeacon {
            /**
             * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
             *
             * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
             */
            function implementation() external view returns (address);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
         *
         * _Available since v4.8.3._
         */
        interface IERC1967 {
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
             */
            event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
             */
            event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
             */
            event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
         * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
         */
        interface IERC1822Proxiable {
            /**
             * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
             * address.
             *
             * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
             * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
             * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
             */
            function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
        /**
         * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
         */
        library Address {
            /**
             * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
             *
             * [IMPORTANT]
             * ====
             * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
             * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
             *
             * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
             * types of addresses:
             *
             *  - an externally-owned account
             *  - a contract in construction
             *  - an address where a contract will be created
             *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
             *
             * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
             * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
             * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
             * ====
             *
             * [IMPORTANT]
             * ====
             * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
             *
             * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
             * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
             * constructor.
             * ====
             */
            function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
                // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
                // of the constructor execution.
                return account.code.length > 0;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
             * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
             *
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
             * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
             * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
             * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
             *
             * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
             *
             * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
             * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
             * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
             * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
             */
            function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
             * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
             * function instead.
             *
             * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
             * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
             *
             * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
             * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `target` must be a contract.
             * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
             *
             * _Available since v3.1._
             */
            function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
             * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
             *
             * _Available since v3.1._
             */
            function functionCall(
                address target,
                bytes memory data,
                string memory errorMessage
            ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
             * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
             * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
             *
             * _Available since v3.1._
             */
            function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
             * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
             *
             * _Available since v3.1._
             */
            function functionCallWithValue(
                address target,
                bytes memory data,
                uint256 value,
                string memory errorMessage
            ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
             * but performing a static call.
             *
             * _Available since v3.3._
             */
            function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
             * but performing a static call.
             *
             * _Available since v3.3._
             */
            function functionStaticCall(
                address target,
                bytes memory data,
                string memory errorMessage
            ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
             * but performing a delegate call.
             *
             * _Available since v3.4._
             */
            function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
             * but performing a delegate call.
             *
             * _Available since v3.4._
             */
            function functionDelegateCall(
                address target,
                bytes memory data,
                string memory errorMessage
            ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
             * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
             *
             * _Available since v4.8._
             */
            function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                address target,
                bool success,
                bytes memory returndata,
                string memory errorMessage
            ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                if (success) {
                    if (returndata.length == 0) {
                        // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                        // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                    }
                    return returndata;
                } else {
                    _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
             * revert reason or using the provided one.
             *
             * _Available since v4.3._
             */
            function verifyCallResult(
                bool success,
                bytes memory returndata,
                string memory errorMessage
            ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                if (success) {
                    return returndata;
                } else {
                    _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
                }
            }
            function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
                // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                if (returndata.length > 0) {
                    // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                        revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                    }
                } else {
                    revert(errorMessage);
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
        // This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
         *
         * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
         * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
         *
         * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
         *
         * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
         * ```solidity
         * contract ERC1967 {
         *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
         *
         *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
         *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
         *     }
         *
         *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
         *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
         *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
         *     }
         * }
         * ```
         *
         * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, `uint256`._
         * _Available since v4.9 for `string`, `bytes`._
         */
        library StorageSlot {
            struct AddressSlot {
                address value;
            }
            struct BooleanSlot {
                bool value;
            }
            struct Bytes32Slot {
                bytes32 value;
            }
            struct Uint256Slot {
                uint256 value;
            }
            struct StringSlot {
                string value;
            }
            struct BytesSlot {
                bytes value;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
             */
            function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    r.slot := slot
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
             */
            function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    r.slot := slot
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
             */
            function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    r.slot := slot
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
             */
            function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    r.slot := slot
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
             */
            function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    r.slot := slot
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
             */
            function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    r.slot := store.slot
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
             */
            function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    r.slot := slot
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
             */
            function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    r.slot := store.slot
                }
            }
        }
        

        File 2 of 4: BlurAirdrop2
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        pragma solidity 0.8.17;
        import { Ownable2Step } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable2Step.sol";
        import { MerkleProofLib } from "solmate/utils/MerkleProofLib.sol";
        import { IERC20 } from "forge-std/interfaces/IERC20.sol";
        contract BlurAirdrop2 is Ownable2Step {
            uint256 public immutable RECLAIM_PERIOD;
            IERC20 public immutable TOKEN;
            address public immutable HOLDING;
            bytes32 public merkleRoot;
            mapping(bytes32 => bool) public claimed;
            event Claimed(address indexed account, uint256 amount);
            error InvalidCaller();
            error TransferFailed();
            error TokensCannotBeReclaimed();
            error InvalidProof();
            error AirdropAlreadyClaimed();
            constructor(address token, address holding, uint256 reclaimDelay, bytes32 _merkleRoot) {
                TOKEN = IERC20(token);
                HOLDING = holding;
                RECLAIM_PERIOD = block.timestamp + reclaimDelay;
                merkleRoot = _merkleRoot;
            }
            function setMerkleRoot(bytes32 _merkleRoot) external onlyOwner {
                merkleRoot = _merkleRoot;
            }
            function claim(address account, uint256 amount, bytes32[] calldata proof) external {
                if (msg.sender != HOLDING) {
                    revert InvalidCaller();
                }
                bytes32 leaf = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(account, amount));
                if (claimed[leaf]) {
                    revert AirdropAlreadyClaimed();
                }
                if (!MerkleProofLib.verify(proof, merkleRoot, leaf)) {
                    revert InvalidProof();
                }
                claimed[leaf] = true;
                bool success = TOKEN.transfer(HOLDING, amount);
                if (!success) {
                    revert TransferFailed();
                }
                emit Claimed(account, amount);
            }
            function reclaim(uint256 amount) external onlyOwner {
                if (block.timestamp < RECLAIM_PERIOD) {
                    revert TokensCannotBeReclaimed();
                }
                bool success = TOKEN.transfer(msg.sender, amount);
                if (!success) {
                    revert TransferFailed();
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (access/Ownable2Step.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "./Ownable.sol";
        /**
         * @dev Contract module which provides access control mechanism, where
         * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
         * specific functions.
         *
         * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
         * can later be changed with {transferOwnership} and {acceptOwnership}.
         *
         * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available all functions
         * from parent (Ownable).
         */
        abstract contract Ownable2Step is Ownable {
            address private _pendingOwner;
            event OwnershipTransferStarted(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the address of the pending owner.
             */
            function pendingOwner() public view virtual returns (address) {
                return _pendingOwner;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Starts the ownership transfer of the contract to a new account. Replaces the pending transfer if there is one.
             * Can only be called by the current owner.
             */
            function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual override onlyOwner {
                _pendingOwner = newOwner;
                emit OwnershipTransferStarted(owner(), newOwner);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`) and deletes any pending owner.
             * Internal function without access restriction.
             */
            function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual override {
                delete _pendingOwner;
                super._transferOwnership(newOwner);
            }
            /**
             * @dev The new owner accepts the ownership transfer.
             */
            function acceptOwnership() public virtual {
                address sender = _msgSender();
                require(pendingOwner() == sender, "Ownable2Step: caller is not the new owner");
                _transferOwnership(sender);
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
        /// @notice Gas optimized merkle proof verification library.
        /// @author Solmate (https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/main/src/utils/MerkleProofLib.sol)
        /// @author Modified from Solady (https://github.com/Vectorized/solady/blob/main/src/utils/MerkleProofLib.sol)
        library MerkleProofLib {
            function verify(
                bytes32[] calldata proof,
                bytes32 root,
                bytes32 leaf
            ) internal pure returns (bool isValid) {
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    if proof.length {
                        // Left shifting by 5 is like multiplying by 32.
                        let end := add(proof.offset, shl(5, proof.length))
                        // Initialize offset to the offset of the proof in calldata.
                        let offset := proof.offset
                        // Iterate over proof elements to compute root hash.
                        // prettier-ignore
                        for {} 1 {} {
                            // Slot where the leaf should be put in scratch space. If
                            // leaf > calldataload(offset): slot 32, otherwise: slot 0.
                            let leafSlot := shl(5, gt(leaf, calldataload(offset)))
                            // Store elements to hash contiguously in scratch space.
                            // The xor puts calldataload(offset) in whichever slot leaf
                            // is not occupying, so 0 if leafSlot is 32, and 32 otherwise.
                            mstore(leafSlot, leaf)
                            mstore(xor(leafSlot, 32), calldataload(offset))
                            // Reuse leaf to store the hash to reduce stack operations.
                            leaf := keccak256(0, 64) // Hash both slots of scratch space.
                            offset := add(offset, 32) // Shift 1 word per cycle.
                            // prettier-ignore
                            if iszero(lt(offset, end)) { break }
                        }
                    }
                    isValid := eq(leaf, root) // The proof is valid if the roots match.
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        pragma solidity >=0.6.2;
        /// @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
        /// @dev This includes the optional name, symbol, and decimals metadata.
        interface IERC20 {
            /// @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to another (`to`).
            event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
            /// @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set, where `value`
            /// is the new allowance.
            event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
            /// @notice Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
            function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
            /// @notice Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
            function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
            /// @notice Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
            function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
            /// @notice Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` is allowed
            /// to spend on behalf of `owner`
            function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
            /// @notice Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
            /// @dev Be aware of front-running risks: https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
            function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
            /// @notice Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the allowance mechanism.
            /// `amount` is then deducted from the caller's allowance.
            function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
            /// @notice Returns the name of the token.
            function name() external view returns (string memory);
            /// @notice Returns the symbol of the token.
            function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
            /// @notice Returns the decimals places of the token.
            function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "../utils/Context.sol";
        /**
         * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
         * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
         * specific functions.
         *
         * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
         * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
         *
         * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
         * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
         * the owner.
         */
        abstract contract Ownable is Context {
            address private _owner;
            event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
            /**
             * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
             */
            constructor() {
                _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
            }
            /**
             * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
             */
            modifier onlyOwner() {
                _checkOwner();
                _;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
             */
            function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
                return _owner;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
             */
            function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
                require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
             * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
             *
             * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
             * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
             */
            function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
                _transferOwnership(address(0));
            }
            /**
             * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
             * Can only be called by the current owner.
             */
            function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
                require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
                _transferOwnership(newOwner);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
             * Internal function without access restriction.
             */
            function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
                address oldOwner = _owner;
                _owner = newOwner;
                emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
         * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
         * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
         * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
         * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
         * is concerned).
         *
         * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
         */
        abstract contract Context {
            function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
                return msg.sender;
            }
            function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
                return msg.data;
            }
        }
        

        File 3 of 4: BlurToken
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        pragma solidity ^0.8.17;
        import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
        import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Votes.sol";
        import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
        import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/draft-ERC20Permit.sol";
        import "./interfaces/ITokenLockup.sol";
        contract BlurToken is ERC20Votes, Ownable {
            uint256 private constant INITIAL_SUPPLY = 3_000_000_000;
            address[] public lockups;
            constructor() ERC20Permit("Blur") ERC20("Blur", "BLUR") {
                _mint(msg.sender, INITIAL_SUPPLY * 10 ** 18);
            }
            /**
             * @notice Adds token lockup addresses
             * @param _lockups Lockup addresses to add
             */
            function addLockups(address[] calldata _lockups) external onlyOwner {
                require(lockups.length == 0);
                uint256 lockupsLength = _lockups.length;
                for (uint256 i = 0; i < lockupsLength; i++) {
                    require(ITokenLockup(_lockups[i]).token() == address(this));
                    lockups.push(_lockups[i]);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @notice Adds token lockup balance to ERC20Votes.getVotes value
             * @param account Address to get vote total of
             */
            function getVotes(address account) public view override returns (uint256) {
                return ERC20Votes.getVotes(account) + _getTokenLockupBalance(account);
            }
            /**
             * @notice Adds token lockup balance to ERC20Votes.getPastVotes value
             * @param account Address to get past vote total of
             */
            function getPastVotes(address account, uint256 blockNumber) public view override returns (uint256) {
                return ERC20Votes.getPastVotes(account, blockNumber) + _getTokenLockupBalance(account);
            }
            /**
             * @notice Calculates the balance that is allocated to the account across the token lockups
             * @param account Address to get locked balance of
             */
            function _getTokenLockupBalance(address account) internal view returns (uint256) {
                uint256 balance;
                uint256 lockupsLength = lockups.length;
                for (uint256 i; i < lockupsLength; i++) {
                    balance += ITokenLockup(lockups[i]).balanceOf(account);
                }
                return balance;
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "../utils/Context.sol";
        /**
         * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
         * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
         * specific functions.
         *
         * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
         * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
         *
         * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
         * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
         * the owner.
         */
        abstract contract Ownable is Context {
            address private _owner;
            event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
            /**
             * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
             */
            constructor() {
                _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
            }
            /**
             * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
             */
            modifier onlyOwner() {
                _checkOwner();
                _;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
             */
            function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
                return _owner;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
             */
            function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
                require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
             * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
             *
             * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
             * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
             */
            function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
                _transferOwnership(address(0));
            }
            /**
             * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
             * Can only be called by the current owner.
             */
            function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
                require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
                _transferOwnership(newOwner);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
             * Internal function without access restriction.
             */
            function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
                address oldOwner = _owner;
                _owner = newOwner;
                emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Votes.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "./draft-ERC20Permit.sol";
        import "../../../utils/math/Math.sol";
        import "../../../governance/utils/IVotes.sol";
        import "../../../utils/math/SafeCast.sol";
        import "../../../utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";
        /**
         * @dev Extension of ERC20 to support Compound-like voting and delegation. This version is more generic than Compound's,
         * and supports token supply up to 2^224^ - 1, while COMP is limited to 2^96^ - 1.
         *
         * NOTE: If exact COMP compatibility is required, use the {ERC20VotesComp} variant of this module.
         *
         * This extension keeps a history (checkpoints) of each account's vote power. Vote power can be delegated either
         * by calling the {delegate} function directly, or by providing a signature to be used with {delegateBySig}. Voting
         * power can be queried through the public accessors {getVotes} and {getPastVotes}.
         *
         * By default, token balance does not account for voting power. This makes transfers cheaper. The downside is that it
         * requires users to delegate to themselves in order to activate checkpoints and have their voting power tracked.
         *
         * _Available since v4.2._
         */
        abstract contract ERC20Votes is IVotes, ERC20Permit {
            struct Checkpoint {
                uint32 fromBlock;
                uint224 votes;
            }
            bytes32 private constant _DELEGATION_TYPEHASH =
                keccak256("Delegation(address delegatee,uint256 nonce,uint256 expiry)");
            mapping(address => address) private _delegates;
            mapping(address => Checkpoint[]) private _checkpoints;
            Checkpoint[] private _totalSupplyCheckpoints;
            /**
             * @dev Get the `pos`-th checkpoint for `account`.
             */
            function checkpoints(address account, uint32 pos) public view virtual returns (Checkpoint memory) {
                return _checkpoints[account][pos];
            }
            /**
             * @dev Get number of checkpoints for `account`.
             */
            function numCheckpoints(address account) public view virtual returns (uint32) {
                return SafeCast.toUint32(_checkpoints[account].length);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Get the address `account` is currently delegating to.
             */
            function delegates(address account) public view virtual override returns (address) {
                return _delegates[account];
            }
            /**
             * @dev Gets the current votes balance for `account`
             */
            function getVotes(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
                uint256 pos = _checkpoints[account].length;
                return pos == 0 ? 0 : _checkpoints[account][pos - 1].votes;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Retrieve the number of votes for `account` at the end of `blockNumber`.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `blockNumber` must have been already mined
             */
            function getPastVotes(address account, uint256 blockNumber) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
                require(blockNumber < block.number, "ERC20Votes: block not yet mined");
                return _checkpointsLookup(_checkpoints[account], blockNumber);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Retrieve the `totalSupply` at the end of `blockNumber`. Note, this value is the sum of all balances.
             * It is but NOT the sum of all the delegated votes!
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `blockNumber` must have been already mined
             */
            function getPastTotalSupply(uint256 blockNumber) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
                require(blockNumber < block.number, "ERC20Votes: block not yet mined");
                return _checkpointsLookup(_totalSupplyCheckpoints, blockNumber);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Lookup a value in a list of (sorted) checkpoints.
             */
            function _checkpointsLookup(Checkpoint[] storage ckpts, uint256 blockNumber) private view returns (uint256) {
                // We run a binary search to look for the earliest checkpoint taken after `blockNumber`.
                //
                // Initially we check if the block is recent to narrow the search range.
                // During the loop, the index of the wanted checkpoint remains in the range [low-1, high).
                // With each iteration, either `low` or `high` is moved towards the middle of the range to maintain the invariant.
                // - If the middle checkpoint is after `blockNumber`, we look in [low, mid)
                // - If the middle checkpoint is before or equal to `blockNumber`, we look in [mid+1, high)
                // Once we reach a single value (when low == high), we've found the right checkpoint at the index high-1, if not
                // out of bounds (in which case we're looking too far in the past and the result is 0).
                // Note that if the latest checkpoint available is exactly for `blockNumber`, we end up with an index that is
                // past the end of the array, so we technically don't find a checkpoint after `blockNumber`, but it works out
                // the same.
                uint256 length = ckpts.length;
                uint256 low = 0;
                uint256 high = length;
                if (length > 5) {
                    uint256 mid = length - Math.sqrt(length);
                    if (_unsafeAccess(ckpts, mid).fromBlock > blockNumber) {
                        high = mid;
                    } else {
                        low = mid + 1;
                    }
                }
                while (low < high) {
                    uint256 mid = Math.average(low, high);
                    if (_unsafeAccess(ckpts, mid).fromBlock > blockNumber) {
                        high = mid;
                    } else {
                        low = mid + 1;
                    }
                }
                return high == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(ckpts, high - 1).votes;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Delegate votes from the sender to `delegatee`.
             */
            function delegate(address delegatee) public virtual override {
                _delegate(_msgSender(), delegatee);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Delegates votes from signer to `delegatee`
             */
            function delegateBySig(
                address delegatee,
                uint256 nonce,
                uint256 expiry,
                uint8 v,
                bytes32 r,
                bytes32 s
            ) public virtual override {
                require(block.timestamp <= expiry, "ERC20Votes: signature expired");
                address signer = ECDSA.recover(
                    _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(_DELEGATION_TYPEHASH, delegatee, nonce, expiry))),
                    v,
                    r,
                    s
                );
                require(nonce == _useNonce(signer), "ERC20Votes: invalid nonce");
                _delegate(signer, delegatee);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Maximum token supply. Defaults to `type(uint224).max` (2^224^ - 1).
             */
            function _maxSupply() internal view virtual returns (uint224) {
                return type(uint224).max;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Snapshots the totalSupply after it has been increased.
             */
            function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual override {
                super._mint(account, amount);
                require(totalSupply() <= _maxSupply(), "ERC20Votes: total supply risks overflowing votes");
                _writeCheckpoint(_totalSupplyCheckpoints, _add, amount);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Snapshots the totalSupply after it has been decreased.
             */
            function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual override {
                super._burn(account, amount);
                _writeCheckpoint(_totalSupplyCheckpoints, _subtract, amount);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Move voting power when tokens are transferred.
             *
             * Emits a {IVotes-DelegateVotesChanged} event.
             */
            function _afterTokenTransfer(
                address from,
                address to,
                uint256 amount
            ) internal virtual override {
                super._afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
                _moveVotingPower(delegates(from), delegates(to), amount);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Change delegation for `delegator` to `delegatee`.
             *
             * Emits events {IVotes-DelegateChanged} and {IVotes-DelegateVotesChanged}.
             */
            function _delegate(address delegator, address delegatee) internal virtual {
                address currentDelegate = delegates(delegator);
                uint256 delegatorBalance = balanceOf(delegator);
                _delegates[delegator] = delegatee;
                emit DelegateChanged(delegator, currentDelegate, delegatee);
                _moveVotingPower(currentDelegate, delegatee, delegatorBalance);
            }
            function _moveVotingPower(
                address src,
                address dst,
                uint256 amount
            ) private {
                if (src != dst && amount > 0) {
                    if (src != address(0)) {
                        (uint256 oldWeight, uint256 newWeight) = _writeCheckpoint(_checkpoints[src], _subtract, amount);
                        emit DelegateVotesChanged(src, oldWeight, newWeight);
                    }
                    if (dst != address(0)) {
                        (uint256 oldWeight, uint256 newWeight) = _writeCheckpoint(_checkpoints[dst], _add, amount);
                        emit DelegateVotesChanged(dst, oldWeight, newWeight);
                    }
                }
            }
            function _writeCheckpoint(
                Checkpoint[] storage ckpts,
                function(uint256, uint256) view returns (uint256) op,
                uint256 delta
            ) private returns (uint256 oldWeight, uint256 newWeight) {
                uint256 pos = ckpts.length;
                Checkpoint memory oldCkpt = pos == 0 ? Checkpoint(0, 0) : _unsafeAccess(ckpts, pos - 1);
                oldWeight = oldCkpt.votes;
                newWeight = op(oldWeight, delta);
                if (pos > 0 && oldCkpt.fromBlock == block.number) {
                    _unsafeAccess(ckpts, pos - 1).votes = SafeCast.toUint224(newWeight);
                } else {
                    ckpts.push(Checkpoint({fromBlock: SafeCast.toUint32(block.number), votes: SafeCast.toUint224(newWeight)}));
                }
            }
            function _add(uint256 a, uint256 b) private pure returns (uint256) {
                return a + b;
            }
            function _subtract(uint256 a, uint256 b) private pure returns (uint256) {
                return a - b;
            }
            function _unsafeAccess(Checkpoint[] storage ckpts, uint256 pos) private pure returns (Checkpoint storage result) {
                assembly {
                    mstore(0, ckpts.slot)
                    result.slot := add(keccak256(0, 0x20), pos)
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "./IERC20.sol";
        import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
        import "../../utils/Context.sol";
        /**
         * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
         *
         * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
         * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
         * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
         *
         * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
         * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
         * to implement supply mechanisms].
         *
         * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
         * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
         * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
         * applications.
         *
         * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
         * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
         * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
         * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
         *
         * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
         * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
         * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
         */
        contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
            mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;
            mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;
            uint256 private _totalSupply;
            string private _name;
            string private _symbol;
            /**
             * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
             *
             * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
             * {decimals} you should overload it.
             *
             * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
             * construction.
             */
            constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
                _name = name_;
                _symbol = symbol_;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the name of the token.
             */
            function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
                return _name;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
             * name.
             */
            function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
                return _symbol;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
             * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
             * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
             *
             * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
             * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
             * overridden;
             *
             * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
             * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
             * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
             */
            function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
                return 18;
            }
            /**
             * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
             */
            function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
                return _totalSupply;
            }
            /**
             * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
             */
            function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
                return _balances[account];
            }
            /**
             * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
             * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
             */
            function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
                address owner = _msgSender();
                _transfer(owner, to, amount);
                return true;
            }
            /**
             * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
             */
            function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
                return _allowances[owner][spender];
            }
            /**
             * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
             *
             * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
             * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
             */
            function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
                address owner = _msgSender();
                _approve(owner, spender, amount);
                return true;
            }
            /**
             * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
             *
             * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
             * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
             *
             * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
             * is the maximum `uint256`.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
             * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
             * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
             * `amount`.
             */
            function transferFrom(
                address from,
                address to,
                uint256 amount
            ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
                address spender = _msgSender();
                _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
                _transfer(from, to, amount);
                return true;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
             *
             * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
             * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
             *
             * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
             */
            function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
                address owner = _msgSender();
                _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
                return true;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
             *
             * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
             * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
             *
             * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
             * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
             * `subtractedValue`.
             */
            function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
                address owner = _msgSender();
                uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
                require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
                unchecked {
                    _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
                }
                return true;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
             *
             * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
             * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
             *
             * Emits a {Transfer} event.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
             * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
             * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
             */
            function _transfer(
                address from,
                address to,
                uint256 amount
            ) internal virtual {
                require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
                require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
                _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
                uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
                require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
                unchecked {
                    _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
                    // Overflow not possible: the sum of all balances is capped by totalSupply, and the sum is preserved by
                    // decrementing then incrementing.
                    _balances[to] += amount;
                }
                emit Transfer(from, to, amount);
                _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
            }
            /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
             * the total supply.
             *
             * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
             */
            function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
                require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");
                _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
                _totalSupply += amount;
                unchecked {
                    // Overflow not possible: balance + amount is at most totalSupply + amount, which is checked above.
                    _balances[account] += amount;
                }
                emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
                _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
             * total supply.
             *
             * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
             * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
             */
            function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
                require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");
                _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
                uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
                require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
                unchecked {
                    _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
                    // Overflow not possible: amount <= accountBalance <= totalSupply.
                    _totalSupply -= amount;
                }
                emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
                _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
             *
             * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
             * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
             *
             * Emits an {Approval} event.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
             * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
             */
            function _approve(
                address owner,
                address spender,
                uint256 amount
            ) internal virtual {
                require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
                require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");
                _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
                emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
             *
             * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
             * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
             *
             * Might emit an {Approval} event.
             */
            function _spendAllowance(
                address owner,
                address spender,
                uint256 amount
            ) internal virtual {
                uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
                if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
                    require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
                    unchecked {
                        _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
                    }
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
             * minting and burning.
             *
             * Calling conditions:
             *
             * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
             * will be transferred to `to`.
             * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
             * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
             * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
             *
             * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
             */
            function _beforeTokenTransfer(
                address from,
                address to,
                uint256 amount
            ) internal virtual {}
            /**
             * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
             * minting and burning.
             *
             * Calling conditions:
             *
             * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
             * has been transferred to `to`.
             * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
             * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
             * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
             *
             * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
             */
            function _afterTokenTransfer(
                address from,
                address to,
                uint256 amount
            ) internal virtual {}
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/draft-ERC20Permit.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "./draft-IERC20Permit.sol";
        import "../ERC20.sol";
        import "../../../utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";
        import "../../../utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol";
        import "../../../utils/Counters.sol";
        /**
         * @dev Implementation of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
         *
         * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
         * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on `{IERC20-approve}`, the token holder account doesn't
         * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        abstract contract ERC20Permit is ERC20, IERC20Permit, EIP712 {
            using Counters for Counters.Counter;
            mapping(address => Counters.Counter) private _nonces;
            // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
            bytes32 private constant _PERMIT_TYPEHASH =
                keccak256("Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");
            /**
             * @dev In previous versions `_PERMIT_TYPEHASH` was declared as `immutable`.
             * However, to ensure consistency with the upgradeable transpiler, we will continue
             * to reserve a slot.
             * @custom:oz-renamed-from _PERMIT_TYPEHASH
             */
            // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
            bytes32 private _PERMIT_TYPEHASH_DEPRECATED_SLOT;
            /**
             * @dev Initializes the {EIP712} domain separator using the `name` parameter, and setting `version` to `"1"`.
             *
             * It's a good idea to use the same `name` that is defined as the ERC20 token name.
             */
            constructor(string memory name) EIP712(name, "1") {}
            /**
             * @dev See {IERC20Permit-permit}.
             */
            function permit(
                address owner,
                address spender,
                uint256 value,
                uint256 deadline,
                uint8 v,
                bytes32 r,
                bytes32 s
            ) public virtual override {
                require(block.timestamp <= deadline, "ERC20Permit: expired deadline");
                bytes32 structHash = keccak256(abi.encode(_PERMIT_TYPEHASH, owner, spender, value, _useNonce(owner), deadline));
                bytes32 hash = _hashTypedDataV4(structHash);
                address signer = ECDSA.recover(hash, v, r, s);
                require(signer == owner, "ERC20Permit: invalid signature");
                _approve(owner, spender, value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev See {IERC20Permit-nonces}.
             */
            function nonces(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
                return _nonces[owner].current();
            }
            /**
             * @dev See {IERC20Permit-DOMAIN_SEPARATOR}.
             */
            // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
            function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view override returns (bytes32) {
                return _domainSeparatorV4();
            }
            /**
             * @dev "Consume a nonce": return the current value and increment.
             *
             * _Available since v4.1._
             */
            function _useNonce(address owner) internal virtual returns (uint256 current) {
                Counters.Counter storage nonce = _nonces[owner];
                current = nonce.current();
                nonce.increment();
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        pragma solidity ^0.8.17;
        interface ITokenLockup {
            struct Schedule {
                uint256 endTime;
                uint256 portion;
            }
            event Fund(
              address indexed recipient,
              uint256 amount
            );
            event Claim(
              address indexed recipient,
              uint256 claimed
            );
            event Reclaim(
              address indexed recipient,
              uint256 claimed
            );
            event ChangeRecipient(
              address indexed oldRecipient,
              address indexed newRecipient
            );
            function token() external view returns (address);
            function startTime() external view returns (uint256);
            function claimDelay() external view returns (uint256);
            function schedule(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256, uint256);
            function initialLocked(address account) external view returns (uint256);
            function totalClaimed(address account) external view returns (uint256);
            function initialLockedSupply() external view returns (uint256);
            function unallocatedSupply() external view returns (uint256);
            function addTokens(uint256 amount) external;
            function fund(address[] calldata recipients, uint256[] calldata amounts) external;
            function claim() external;
            function changeRecipient(address newRecipient) external;
            function unlockedSupply() external view returns (uint256);
            function lockedSupply() external view returns (uint256);
            function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
            function unlockedOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
            function lockedOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
         * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
         * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
         * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
         * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
         * is concerned).
         *
         * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
         */
        abstract contract Context {
            function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
                return msg.sender;
            }
            function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
                return msg.data;
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
         */
        library Math {
            enum Rounding {
                Down, // Toward negative infinity
                Up, // Toward infinity
                Zero // Toward zero
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
             */
            function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                return a > b ? a : b;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
             */
            function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                return a < b ? a : b;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
             * zero.
             */
            function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
                return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
             *
             * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
             * of rounding down.
             */
            function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
                return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
            }
            /**
             * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
             * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
             * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
             */
            function mulDiv(
                uint256 x,
                uint256 y,
                uint256 denominator
            ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
                unchecked {
                    // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
                    // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
                    // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
                    uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
                    uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
                    assembly {
                        let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                        prod0 := mul(x, y)
                        prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
                    }
                    // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
                    if (prod1 == 0) {
                        return prod0 / denominator;
                    }
                    // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
                    require(denominator > prod1);
                    ///////////////////////////////////////////////
                    // 512 by 256 division.
                    ///////////////////////////////////////////////
                    // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
                    uint256 remainder;
                    assembly {
                        // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                        remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)
                        // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                        prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                        prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
                    }
                    // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
                    // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.
                    // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
                    uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
                    assembly {
                        // Divide denominator by twos.
                        denominator := div(denominator, twos)
                        // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                        prod0 := div(prod0, twos)
                        // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                        twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
                    }
                    // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
                    prod0 |= prod1 * twos;
                    // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
                    // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
                    // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
                    uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;
                    // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
                    // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
                    inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
                    inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
                    inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
                    inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
                    inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
                    inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256
                    // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
                    // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
                    // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
                    // is no longer required.
                    result = prod0 * inverse;
                    return result;
                }
            }
            /**
             * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
             */
            function mulDiv(
                uint256 x,
                uint256 y,
                uint256 denominator,
                Rounding rounding
            ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
                if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
                    result += 1;
                }
                return result;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
             *
             * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
             */
            function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                if (a == 0) {
                    return 0;
                }
                // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
                //
                // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
                // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
                //
                // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
                // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
                // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
                //
                // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
                uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);
                // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
                // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
                // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
                // into the expected uint128 result.
                unchecked {
                    result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                    result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                    result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                    result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                    result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                    result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                    result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
                    return min(result, a / result);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
             */
            function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                unchecked {
                    uint256 result = sqrt(a);
                    return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
             * Returns 0 if given 0.
             */
            function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                uint256 result = 0;
                unchecked {
                    if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                        value >>= 128;
                        result += 128;
                    }
                    if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                        value >>= 64;
                        result += 64;
                    }
                    if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                        value >>= 32;
                        result += 32;
                    }
                    if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                        value >>= 16;
                        result += 16;
                    }
                    if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                        value >>= 8;
                        result += 8;
                    }
                    if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                        value >>= 4;
                        result += 4;
                    }
                    if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                        value >>= 2;
                        result += 2;
                    }
                    if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                        result += 1;
                    }
                }
                return result;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
             * Returns 0 if given 0.
             */
            function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                unchecked {
                    uint256 result = log2(value);
                    return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
             * Returns 0 if given 0.
             */
            function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                uint256 result = 0;
                unchecked {
                    if (value >= 10**64) {
                        value /= 10**64;
                        result += 64;
                    }
                    if (value >= 10**32) {
                        value /= 10**32;
                        result += 32;
                    }
                    if (value >= 10**16) {
                        value /= 10**16;
                        result += 16;
                    }
                    if (value >= 10**8) {
                        value /= 10**8;
                        result += 8;
                    }
                    if (value >= 10**4) {
                        value /= 10**4;
                        result += 4;
                    }
                    if (value >= 10**2) {
                        value /= 10**2;
                        result += 2;
                    }
                    if (value >= 10**1) {
                        result += 1;
                    }
                }
                return result;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
             * Returns 0 if given 0.
             */
            function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                unchecked {
                    uint256 result = log10(value);
                    return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10**result < value ? 1 : 0);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
             * Returns 0 if given 0.
             *
             * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
             */
            function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                uint256 result = 0;
                unchecked {
                    if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                        value >>= 128;
                        result += 16;
                    }
                    if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                        value >>= 64;
                        result += 8;
                    }
                    if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                        value >>= 32;
                        result += 4;
                    }
                    if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                        value >>= 16;
                        result += 2;
                    }
                    if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                        result += 1;
                    }
                }
                return result;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
             * Returns 0 if given 0.
             */
            function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                unchecked {
                    uint256 result = log256(value);
                    return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result * 8) < value ? 1 : 0);
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (governance/utils/IVotes.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev Common interface for {ERC20Votes}, {ERC721Votes}, and other {Votes}-enabled contracts.
         *
         * _Available since v4.5._
         */
        interface IVotes {
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when an account changes their delegate.
             */
            event DelegateChanged(address indexed delegator, address indexed fromDelegate, address indexed toDelegate);
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when a token transfer or delegate change results in changes to a delegate's number of votes.
             */
            event DelegateVotesChanged(address indexed delegate, uint256 previousBalance, uint256 newBalance);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the current amount of votes that `account` has.
             */
            function getVotes(address account) external view returns (uint256);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the amount of votes that `account` had at the end of a past block (`blockNumber`).
             */
            function getPastVotes(address account, uint256 blockNumber) external view returns (uint256);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the total supply of votes available at the end of a past block (`blockNumber`).
             *
             * NOTE: This value is the sum of all available votes, which is not necessarily the sum of all delegated votes.
             * Votes that have not been delegated are still part of total supply, even though they would not participate in a
             * vote.
             */
            function getPastTotalSupply(uint256 blockNumber) external view returns (uint256);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the delegate that `account` has chosen.
             */
            function delegates(address account) external view returns (address);
            /**
             * @dev Delegates votes from the sender to `delegatee`.
             */
            function delegate(address delegatee) external;
            /**
             * @dev Delegates votes from signer to `delegatee`.
             */
            function delegateBySig(
                address delegatee,
                uint256 nonce,
                uint256 expiry,
                uint8 v,
                bytes32 r,
                bytes32 s
            ) external;
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/SafeCast.sol)
        // This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/SafeCast.js.
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX casting operators with added overflow
         * checks.
         *
         * Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
         * easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
         * assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
         * reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
         *
         * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
         * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
         *
         * Can be combined with {SafeMath} and {SignedSafeMath} to extend it to smaller types, by performing
         * all math on `uint256` and `int256` and then downcasting.
         */
        library SafeCast {
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint248 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint248).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint248` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 248 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint248(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint248) {
                require(value <= type(uint248).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
                return uint248(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint240 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint240).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint240` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 240 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint240(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint240) {
                require(value <= type(uint240).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
                return uint240(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint232 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint232).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint232` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 232 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint232(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint232) {
                require(value <= type(uint232).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
                return uint232(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint224 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint224).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint224` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 224 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.2._
             */
            function toUint224(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint224) {
                require(value <= type(uint224).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
                return uint224(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint216 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint216).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint216` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 216 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint216(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint216) {
                require(value <= type(uint216).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
                return uint216(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint208 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint208).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint208` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 208 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint208(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint208) {
                require(value <= type(uint208).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
                return uint208(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint200 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint200).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint200` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 200 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint200(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint200) {
                require(value <= type(uint200).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
                return uint200(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint192 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint192).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint192` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 192 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint192(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint192) {
                require(value <= type(uint192).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
                return uint192(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint184 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint184).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint184` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 184 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint184(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint184) {
                require(value <= type(uint184).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
                return uint184(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint176 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint176).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint176` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 176 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint176(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint176) {
                require(value <= type(uint176).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
                return uint176(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint168 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint168).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint168` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 168 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint168(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint168) {
                require(value <= type(uint168).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
                return uint168(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint160 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint160).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint160` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 160 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint160(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint160) {
                require(value <= type(uint160).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
                return uint160(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint152 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint152).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint152` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 152 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint152(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint152) {
                require(value <= type(uint152).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
                return uint152(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint144 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint144).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint144` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 144 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint144(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint144) {
                require(value <= type(uint144).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
                return uint144(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint136 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint136).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint136` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 136 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint136(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint136) {
                require(value <= type(uint136).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
                return uint136(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 128 bits
             *
             * _Available since v2.5._
             */
            function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
                require(value <= type(uint128).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
                return uint128(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint120 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint120).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint120` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 120 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint120(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint120) {
                require(value <= type(uint120).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
                return uint120(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint112 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint112).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint112` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 112 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint112(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint112) {
                require(value <= type(uint112).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
                return uint112(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint104 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint104).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint104` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 104 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint104(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint104) {
                require(value <= type(uint104).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
                return uint104(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint96 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint96).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint96` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 96 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.2._
             */
            function toUint96(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint96) {
                require(value <= type(uint96).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
                return uint96(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint88 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint88).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint88` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 88 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint88(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint88) {
                require(value <= type(uint88).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
                return uint88(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint80 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint80).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint80` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 80 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint80(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint80) {
                require(value <= type(uint80).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
                return uint80(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint72 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint72).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint72` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 72 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint72(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint72) {
                require(value <= type(uint72).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
                return uint72(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 64 bits
             *
             * _Available since v2.5._
             */
            function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
                require(value <= type(uint64).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
                return uint64(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint56 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint56).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint56` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 56 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint56(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint56) {
                require(value <= type(uint56).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
                return uint56(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint48 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint48).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint48` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 48 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint48(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint48) {
                require(value <= type(uint48).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
                return uint48(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint40` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 40 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
                require(value <= type(uint40).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
                return uint40(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 32 bits
             *
             * _Available since v2.5._
             */
            function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
                require(value <= type(uint32).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
                return uint32(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint24 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint24).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint24` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 24 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toUint24(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint24) {
                require(value <= type(uint24).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
                return uint24(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 16 bits
             *
             * _Available since v2.5._
             */
            function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
                require(value <= type(uint16).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
                return uint16(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 8 bits
             *
             * _Available since v2.5._
             */
            function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
                require(value <= type(uint8).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
                return uint8(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
             *
             * _Available since v3.0._
             */
            function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                require(value >= 0, "SafeCast: value must be positive");
                return uint256(value);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int248 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int248 or
             * greater than largest int248).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int248` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 248 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt248(int256 value) internal pure returns (int248 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int248(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int240 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int240 or
             * greater than largest int240).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int240` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 240 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt240(int256 value) internal pure returns (int240 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int240(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int232 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int232 or
             * greater than largest int232).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int232` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 232 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt232(int256 value) internal pure returns (int232 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int232(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int224 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int224 or
             * greater than largest int224).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int224` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 224 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt224(int256 value) internal pure returns (int224 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int224(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int216 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int216 or
             * greater than largest int216).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int216` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 216 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt216(int256 value) internal pure returns (int216 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int216(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int208 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int208 or
             * greater than largest int208).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int208` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 208 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt208(int256 value) internal pure returns (int208 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int208(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int200 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int200 or
             * greater than largest int200).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int200` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 200 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt200(int256 value) internal pure returns (int200 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int200(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int192 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int192 or
             * greater than largest int192).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int192` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 192 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt192(int256 value) internal pure returns (int192 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int192(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int184 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int184 or
             * greater than largest int184).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int184` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 184 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt184(int256 value) internal pure returns (int184 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int184(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int176 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int176 or
             * greater than largest int176).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int176` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 176 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt176(int256 value) internal pure returns (int176 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int176(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int168 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int168 or
             * greater than largest int168).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int168` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 168 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt168(int256 value) internal pure returns (int168 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int168(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int160 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int160 or
             * greater than largest int160).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int160` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 160 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt160(int256 value) internal pure returns (int160 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int160(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int152 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int152 or
             * greater than largest int152).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int152` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 152 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt152(int256 value) internal pure returns (int152 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int152(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int144 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int144 or
             * greater than largest int144).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int144` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 144 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt144(int256 value) internal pure returns (int144 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int144(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int136 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int136 or
             * greater than largest int136).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int136` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 136 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt136(int256 value) internal pure returns (int136 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int136(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
             * greater than largest int128).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 128 bits
             *
             * _Available since v3.1._
             */
            function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int128(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int120 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int120 or
             * greater than largest int120).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int120` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 120 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt120(int256 value) internal pure returns (int120 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int120(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int112 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int112 or
             * greater than largest int112).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int112` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 112 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt112(int256 value) internal pure returns (int112 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int112(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int104 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int104 or
             * greater than largest int104).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int104` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 104 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt104(int256 value) internal pure returns (int104 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int104(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int96 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int96 or
             * greater than largest int96).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int96` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 96 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt96(int256 value) internal pure returns (int96 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int96(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int88 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int88 or
             * greater than largest int88).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int88` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 88 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt88(int256 value) internal pure returns (int88 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int88(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int80 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int80 or
             * greater than largest int80).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int80` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 80 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt80(int256 value) internal pure returns (int80 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int80(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int72 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int72 or
             * greater than largest int72).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int72` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 72 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt72(int256 value) internal pure returns (int72 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int72(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
             * greater than largest int64).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 64 bits
             *
             * _Available since v3.1._
             */
            function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int64(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int56 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int56 or
             * greater than largest int56).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int56` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 56 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt56(int256 value) internal pure returns (int56 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int56(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int48 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int48 or
             * greater than largest int48).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int48` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 48 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt48(int256 value) internal pure returns (int48 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int48(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int40 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int40 or
             * greater than largest int40).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int40` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 40 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt40(int256 value) internal pure returns (int40 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int40(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
             * greater than largest int32).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 32 bits
             *
             * _Available since v3.1._
             */
            function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int32(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int24 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int24 or
             * greater than largest int24).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int24` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 24 bits
             *
             * _Available since v4.7._
             */
            function toInt24(int256 value) internal pure returns (int24 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int24(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
             * greater than largest int16).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 16 bits
             *
             * _Available since v3.1._
             */
            function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int16(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
             * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
             * greater than largest int8).
             *
             * Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must fit into 8 bits
             *
             * _Available since v3.1._
             */
            function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8 downcasted) {
                downcasted = int8(value);
                require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
             *
             * _Available since v3.0._
             */
            function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
                // Note: Unsafe cast below is okay because `type(int256).max` is guaranteed to be positive
                require(value <= uint256(type(int256).max), "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in an int256");
                return int256(value);
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "../Strings.sol";
        /**
         * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
         *
         * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
         * of the private keys of a given address.
         */
        library ECDSA {
            enum RecoverError {
                NoError,
                InvalidSignature,
                InvalidSignatureLength,
                InvalidSignatureS,
                InvalidSignatureV // Deprecated in v4.8
            }
            function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
                if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
                    return; // no error: do nothing
                } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
                    revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
                } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
                    revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
                } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
                    revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
             * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
             *
             * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
             * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
             * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
             *
             * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
             * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
             * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
             * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
             * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
             *
             * Documentation for signature generation:
             * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
             * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
             *
             * _Available since v4.3._
             */
            function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
                if (signature.length == 65) {
                    bytes32 r;
                    bytes32 s;
                    uint8 v;
                    // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
                    // currently is to use assembly.
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                        s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                        v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
                    }
                    return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
                } else {
                    return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
             * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
             *
             * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
             * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
             * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
             *
             * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
             * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
             * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
             * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
             * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
             */
            function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
                (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
                _throwError(error);
                return recovered;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
             *
             * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
             *
             * _Available since v4.3._
             */
            function tryRecover(
                bytes32 hash,
                bytes32 r,
                bytes32 vs
            ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
                bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
                uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
                return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
             *
             * _Available since v4.2._
             */
            function recover(
                bytes32 hash,
                bytes32 r,
                bytes32 vs
            ) internal pure returns (address) {
                (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
                _throwError(error);
                return recovered;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
             * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
             *
             * _Available since v4.3._
             */
            function tryRecover(
                bytes32 hash,
                uint8 v,
                bytes32 r,
                bytes32 s
            ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
                // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
                // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
                // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
                // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
                //
                // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
                // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
                // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
                // these malleable signatures as well.
                if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
                    return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
                }
                // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
                address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
                if (signer == address(0)) {
                    return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
                }
                return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
             * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
             */
            function recover(
                bytes32 hash,
                uint8 v,
                bytes32 r,
                bytes32 s
            ) internal pure returns (address) {
                (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
                _throwError(error);
                return recovered;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
             * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
             * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
             * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
             *
             * See {recover}.
             */
            function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
                // enforced by the type signature above
                return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
        32", hash));
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
             * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
             * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
             * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
             *
             * See {recover}.
             */
            function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
        ", Strings.toString(s.length), s));
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
             * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
             * to the one signed with the
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
             * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
             *
             * See {recover}.
             */
            function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\\x19\\x01", domainSeparator, structHash));
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
         *
         * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
         * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
         * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
         */
        interface IERC20Permit {
            /**
             * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
             * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
             *
             * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
             * ordering also apply here.
             *
             * Emits an {Approval} event.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
             * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
             * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
             * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
             * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
             *
             * For more information on the signature format, see the
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
             * section].
             */
            function permit(
                address owner,
                address spender,
                uint256 value,
                uint256 deadline,
                uint8 v,
                bytes32 r,
                bytes32 s
            ) external;
            /**
             * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
             * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
             *
             * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
             * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
             */
            function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
             */
            // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
            function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "./ECDSA.sol";
        /**
         * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712] is a standard for hashing and signing of typed structured data.
         *
         * The encoding specified in the EIP is very generic, and such a generic implementation in Solidity is not feasible,
         * thus this contract does not implement the encoding itself. Protocols need to implement the type-specific encoding
         * they need in their contracts using a combination of `abi.encode` and `keccak256`.
         *
         * This contract implements the EIP 712 domain separator ({_domainSeparatorV4}) that is used as part of the encoding
         * scheme, and the final step of the encoding to obtain the message digest that is then signed via ECDSA
         * ({_hashTypedDataV4}).
         *
         * The implementation of the domain separator was designed to be as efficient as possible while still properly updating
         * the chain id to protect against replay attacks on an eventual fork of the chain.
         *
         * NOTE: This contract implements the version of the encoding known as "v4", as implemented by the JSON RPC method
         * https://docs.metamask.io/guide/signing-data.html[`eth_signTypedDataV4` in MetaMask].
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        abstract contract EIP712 {
            /* solhint-disable var-name-mixedcase */
            // Cache the domain separator as an immutable value, but also store the chain id that it corresponds to, in order to
            // invalidate the cached domain separator if the chain id changes.
            bytes32 private immutable _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
            uint256 private immutable _CACHED_CHAIN_ID;
            address private immutable _CACHED_THIS;
            bytes32 private immutable _HASHED_NAME;
            bytes32 private immutable _HASHED_VERSION;
            bytes32 private immutable _TYPE_HASH;
            /* solhint-enable var-name-mixedcase */
            /**
             * @dev Initializes the domain separator and parameter caches.
             *
             * The meaning of `name` and `version` is specified in
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-domainseparator[EIP 712]:
             *
             * - `name`: the user readable name of the signing domain, i.e. the name of the DApp or the protocol.
             * - `version`: the current major version of the signing domain.
             *
             * NOTE: These parameters cannot be changed except through a xref:learn::upgrading-smart-contracts.adoc[smart
             * contract upgrade].
             */
            constructor(string memory name, string memory version) {
                bytes32 hashedName = keccak256(bytes(name));
                bytes32 hashedVersion = keccak256(bytes(version));
                bytes32 typeHash = keccak256(
                    "EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"
                );
                _HASHED_NAME = hashedName;
                _HASHED_VERSION = hashedVersion;
                _CACHED_CHAIN_ID = block.chainid;
                _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = _buildDomainSeparator(typeHash, hashedName, hashedVersion);
                _CACHED_THIS = address(this);
                _TYPE_HASH = typeHash;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the domain separator for the current chain.
             */
            function _domainSeparatorV4() internal view returns (bytes32) {
                if (address(this) == _CACHED_THIS && block.chainid == _CACHED_CHAIN_ID) {
                    return _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
                } else {
                    return _buildDomainSeparator(_TYPE_HASH, _HASHED_NAME, _HASHED_VERSION);
                }
            }
            function _buildDomainSeparator(
                bytes32 typeHash,
                bytes32 nameHash,
                bytes32 versionHash
            ) private view returns (bytes32) {
                return keccak256(abi.encode(typeHash, nameHash, versionHash, block.chainid, address(this)));
            }
            /**
             * @dev Given an already https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-hashstruct[hashed struct], this
             * function returns the hash of the fully encoded EIP712 message for this domain.
             *
             * This hash can be used together with {ECDSA-recover} to obtain the signer of a message. For example:
             *
             * ```solidity
             * bytes32 digest = _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(
             *     keccak256("Mail(address to,string contents)"),
             *     mailTo,
             *     keccak256(bytes(mailContents))
             * )));
             * address signer = ECDSA.recover(digest, signature);
             * ```
             */
            function _hashTypedDataV4(bytes32 structHash) internal view virtual returns (bytes32) {
                return ECDSA.toTypedDataHash(_domainSeparatorV4(), structHash);
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Counters.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @title Counters
         * @author Matt Condon (@shrugs)
         * @dev Provides counters that can only be incremented, decremented or reset. This can be used e.g. to track the number
         * of elements in a mapping, issuing ERC721 ids, or counting request ids.
         *
         * Include with `using Counters for Counters.Counter;`
         */
        library Counters {
            struct Counter {
                // This variable should never be directly accessed by users of the library: interactions must be restricted to
                // the library's function. As of Solidity v0.5.2, this cannot be enforced, though there is a proposal to add
                // this feature: see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/4637
                uint256 _value; // default: 0
            }
            function current(Counter storage counter) internal view returns (uint256) {
                return counter._value;
            }
            function increment(Counter storage counter) internal {
                unchecked {
                    counter._value += 1;
                }
            }
            function decrement(Counter storage counter) internal {
                uint256 value = counter._value;
                require(value > 0, "Counter: decrement overflow");
                unchecked {
                    counter._value = value - 1;
                }
            }
            function reset(Counter storage counter) internal {
                counter._value = 0;
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
         */
        interface IERC20 {
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
             * another (`to`).
             *
             * Note that `value` may be zero.
             */
            event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
             * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
             */
            event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
             */
            function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
             */
            function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
            /**
             * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
             *
             * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
             *
             * Emits a {Transfer} event.
             */
            function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
             * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
             * zero by default.
             *
             * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
             */
            function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
            /**
             * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
             *
             * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
             *
             * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
             * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
             * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
             * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
             * desired value afterwards:
             * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
             *
             * Emits an {Approval} event.
             */
            function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
            /**
             * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
             * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
             * allowance.
             *
             * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
             *
             * Emits a {Transfer} event.
             */
            function transferFrom(
                address from,
                address to,
                uint256 amount
            ) external returns (bool);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "../IERC20.sol";
        /**
         * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
         *
         * _Available since v4.1._
         */
        interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
            /**
             * @dev Returns the name of the token.
             */
            function name() external view returns (string memory);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
             */
            function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
             */
            function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Strings.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "./math/Math.sol";
        /**
         * @dev String operations.
         */
        library Strings {
            bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
            uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;
            /**
             * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
             */
            function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                unchecked {
                    uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
                    string memory buffer = new string(length);
                    uint256 ptr;
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
                    }
                    while (true) {
                        ptr--;
                        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                        assembly {
                            mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                        }
                        value /= 10;
                        if (value == 0) break;
                    }
                    return buffer;
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
             */
            function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                unchecked {
                    return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
             */
            function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
                buffer[0] = "0";
                buffer[1] = "x";
                for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
                    buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
                    value >>= 4;
                }
                require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
                return string(buffer);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
             */
            function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
            }
        }
        

        File 4 of 4: Holding
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        pragma solidity 0.8.17;
        import { Ownable2StepUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/Ownable2StepUpgradeable.sol";
        import { PausableUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/PausableUpgradeable.sol";
        import { UUPSUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol";
        import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC20.sol";
        interface IAirdrop {
            function claim(address account, uint256 amount, bytes32[] memory proof) external;
        }
        contract Holding is UUPSUpgradeable, Ownable2StepUpgradeable, PausableUpgradeable {
            mapping(address => uint256) internal _balances;
            mapping(address => uint256) internal _points;
            mapping(address => uint256) public lastUpdatedAt;
            mapping(address => uint256) public multiplierStart;
            uint256 public holdingStartTime;
            uint256 public holdingEndTime;
            IAirdrop public airdrop;
            IERC20 public immutable TOKEN;
            uint256 private constant _HOUR = 3_600;
            uint256 private constant _DAY = _HOUR * 24;
            uint256 private constant _MONTH = _DAY * 30;
            uint256 private constant _EARLY_HOLDING_BONUS_PERIOD = 6; // days
            uint256 private constant _BASIS_POINTS = 10_000;
            uint256 private constant _MULTIPLIER_PER_MONTH = 5_000; // bips
            uint256 private constant _EARLY_HOLDING_BONUS_PER_DAY = 5_000; // bips / hour
            uint256 private constant _BASE_MULTIPLIER = 10_000; // bips
            event Deposit(address indexed user, uint256 amount);
            event Withdraw(address indexed user, uint256 amount);
            error InsufficientBalance();
            constructor(address token) {
                _disableInitializers();
                TOKEN = IERC20(token);
            }
            function initialize() external initializer {
                __Ownable2Step_init();
                __Pausable_init();
                __UUPSUpgradeable_init();
                _pause();
                holdingEndTime = type(uint256).max;
            }
            function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal override onlyOwner {}
            /*//////////////////////////////
                    ADMIN FUNCTIONS
            //////////////////////////////*/
            /**
             * @notice Initiate the holding period (admin only)
             * @param _airdrop Airdrop contract address
             */
            function startHolding(address _airdrop) external onlyOwner {
                require(holdingStartTime == 0);
                airdrop = IAirdrop(_airdrop);
                holdingStartTime = block.timestamp;
                _unpause();
            }
            /**
             * @notice End the holding period (admin only)
             */
            function endHolding() external onlyOwner {
                require(holdingStartTime != 0 && holdingEndTime == type(uint256).max);
                holdingEndTime = block.timestamp;
                _pause();
            }
            /**
             * @notice Pause deposits (admin only)
             */
            function pause() external onlyOwner {
                _pause();
            }
            /**
             * @notice Unpause deposits (admin only)
             */
            function unpause() external onlyOwner {
                require(holdingStartTime != 0 && holdingEndTime == type(uint256).max);
                _unpause();
            }
            /*//////////////////////////////
                         VIEWS
            //////////////////////////////*/
            /**
             * @notice Gets the balance of the user deposits
             * @param user User address
             * @return User deposit balance
             */
            function balanceOf(address user) external view returns (uint256) {
                return _balances[user];
            }
            /**
             * @notice Gets the current amount of points earned by the user (including pending points)
             * @param user User address
             * @return User points
             */
            function pointsOf(address user) public view returns (uint256) {
                return _points[user] + _computePendingPoints(user);
            }
            /**
             * @notice Gets the current points multiplier of the user
             * @param user User address
             * @return User multiplier
             */
            function multiplierOf(address user) public view returns (uint256) {
                uint256 _multiplierStart = multiplierStart[user];
                if (_multiplierStart == 0 || _balances[user] == 0) {
                    return _BASE_MULTIPLIER;
                }
                return
                    _BASE_MULTIPLIER +
                    (_MULTIPLIER_PER_MONTH * (min(block.timestamp, holdingEndTime) - _multiplierStart)) /
                    _MONTH;
            }
            /**
             * @notice Gets the current score of the user
             * @param user User address
             * @return User score
             */
            function scoreOf(address user) external view returns (uint256) {
                return (pointsOf(user) * multiplierOf(user)) / _BASIS_POINTS;
            }
            /*//////////////////////////////
                DEPOSITS AND WITHDRAWS 
            //////////////////////////////*/
            /**
             * @notice Deposit TOKEN
             * @param amount Amount of TOKEN to deposit
             */
            function deposit(uint256 amount) external {
                require(amount > 0);
                _deposit(msg.sender, amount);
                TOKEN.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);
            }
            /**
             * @notice Deposit TOKEN from airdrop claim; rewards airdrop recipient bonus of 2 months multiplier head start
             * @param user Airdrop user address
             * @param amount Airdrop TOKEN amount
             * @param proof Airdrop claim proof
             */
            function depositFromAirdrop(address user, uint256 amount, bytes32[] calldata proof) external {
                airdrop.claim(user, amount, proof);
                _deposit(user, amount);
                multiplierStart[user] -= _MONTH * 2; // grant two month headstart as a bonus
            }
            /**
             * @notice Withdraw TOKEN and enforce multiplier penalty
             * @param amount Amount to withdraw
             */
            function withdraw(uint256 amount) external {
                _checkpoint(msg.sender);
                uint256 balance = _balances[msg.sender];
                if (balance < amount) {
                    revert InsufficientBalance();
                }
                _decreaseMultiplier(msg.sender, amount);
                unchecked {
                    _balances[msg.sender] = balance - amount;
                }
                TOKEN.transfer(msg.sender, amount);
                emit Withdraw(msg.sender, amount);
            }
            /**
             * @notice Deposit TOKEN from user
             * @param user User address
             * @param amount Amount of TOKEN to deposit
             */
            function _deposit(address user, uint256 amount) internal whenNotPaused {
                if (multiplierStart[user] == 0) {
                    multiplierStart[user] = block.timestamp;
                }
                if (lastUpdatedAt[user] == 0) {
                    lastUpdatedAt[user] = block.timestamp;
                }
                _checkpoint(user);
                _balances[user] += amount;
                emit Deposit(user, amount);
            }
            /**
             * @notice Record earned points and update the last checkpoint time; must be called on every deposit and withdrawal
             * @param user User address
             */
            function _checkpoint(address user) internal {
                _points[user] += _computePendingPoints(user);
                lastUpdatedAt[user] = block.timestamp;
            }
            /**
             * @notice Compute the pending points that have been earned but not recorded since the last checkpoint
             * @param user User address
             * @return points Amount of earned unrecorded points
             */
            function _computePendingPoints(address user) internal view returns (uint256) {
                uint256 _holdingEndTime = holdingEndTime;
                uint256 start = min(lastUpdatedAt[user], _holdingEndTime);
                uint256 end = min(block.timestamp, _holdingEndTime);
                return
                    (_balances[user] * (_BASIS_POINTS * (end - start) + _earlyHolderBonus(start, end))) /
                    (_HOUR * _BASIS_POINTS);
            }
            /**
             * @notice Penalize mutiplier for early withdrawal by increasing the multiplier start time
             * @dev Penalty is equal to the portion of the balance being withdrawn; balance should be decreased AFTER this function
             * @param user User address
             * @param amount Withdrawal amount
             */
            function _decreaseMultiplier(address user, uint256 amount) internal {
                uint256 balance = _balances[user];
                if (block.timestamp < holdingEndTime) {
                    if (amount == balance) {
                        multiplierStart[user] = 0;
                    } else {
                        uint256 _multiplierStart = multiplierStart[user];
                        uint256 penaltyTime = (amount * (block.timestamp - _multiplierStart)) / balance;
                        multiplierStart[user] = _multiplierStart + penaltyTime;
                    }
                }
            }
            /**
             * @notice Compute the bonus points rate for early holders
             * @param start Staking start time
             * @param end Staking end time
             * @return pointsPerTokenPerSecond
             */
            function _earlyHolderBonus(
                uint256 start,
                uint256 end
            ) internal view returns (uint256 pointsPerTokenPerSecond) {
                if (start < _EARLY_HOLDING_BONUS_PERIOD * _DAY + holdingStartTime && start >= holdingStartTime) {
                    uint256 startDay = (start - holdingStartTime) / _DAY;
                    uint256 endDay = min((end - holdingStartTime) / _DAY, _EARLY_HOLDING_BONUS_PERIOD - 1);
                    uint256 lastUpdated;
                    uint256 nextUpdated = start;
                    uint256 intervalMultiplier = (_EARLY_HOLDING_BONUS_PERIOD - startDay) *
                        _EARLY_HOLDING_BONUS_PER_DAY;
                    for (uint256 i = startDay; i <= endDay; i++) {
                        lastUpdated = nextUpdated;
                        nextUpdated = min(end, (i + 1) * _DAY + holdingStartTime);
                        pointsPerTokenPerSecond += intervalMultiplier * (nextUpdated - lastUpdated);
                        intervalMultiplier -= _EARLY_HOLDING_BONUS_PER_DAY;
                    }
                }
            }
            /*////////////////////////////
                   HELPER FUNCTIONS
            ////////////////////////////*/
            function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                return a < b ? a : b;
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (access/Ownable2Step.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "./OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
        import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
        /**
         * @dev Contract module which provides access control mechanism, where
         * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
         * specific functions.
         *
         * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
         * can later be changed with {transferOwnership} and {acceptOwnership}.
         *
         * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available all functions
         * from parent (Ownable).
         */
        abstract contract Ownable2StepUpgradeable is Initializable, OwnableUpgradeable {
            function __Ownable2Step_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                __Ownable_init_unchained();
            }
            function __Ownable2Step_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
            }
            address private _pendingOwner;
            event OwnershipTransferStarted(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the address of the pending owner.
             */
            function pendingOwner() public view virtual returns (address) {
                return _pendingOwner;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Starts the ownership transfer of the contract to a new account. Replaces the pending transfer if there is one.
             * Can only be called by the current owner.
             */
            function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual override onlyOwner {
                _pendingOwner = newOwner;
                emit OwnershipTransferStarted(owner(), newOwner);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`) and deletes any pending owner.
             * Internal function without access restriction.
             */
            function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual override {
                delete _pendingOwner;
                super._transferOwnership(newOwner);
            }
            /**
             * @dev The new owner accepts the ownership transfer.
             */
            function acceptOwnership() external {
                address sender = _msgSender();
                require(pendingOwner() == sender, "Ownable2Step: caller is not the new owner");
                _transferOwnership(sender);
            }
            /**
             * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
             * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
             * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
             */
            uint256[49] private __gap;
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (security/Pausable.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
        import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
        /**
         * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
         * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
         *
         * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
         * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
         * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
         * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
         */
        abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
             */
            event Paused(address account);
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
             */
            event Unpaused(address account);
            bool private _paused;
            /**
             * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
             */
            function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                __Pausable_init_unchained();
            }
            function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
                _paused = false;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - The contract must not be paused.
             */
            modifier whenNotPaused() {
                _requireNotPaused();
                _;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - The contract must be paused.
             */
            modifier whenPaused() {
                _requirePaused();
                _;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
             */
            function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
                return _paused;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
             */
            function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
                require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
             */
            function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
                require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Triggers stopped state.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - The contract must not be paused.
             */
            function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
                _paused = true;
                emit Paused(_msgSender());
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns to normal state.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - The contract must be paused.
             */
            function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
                _paused = false;
                emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
            }
            /**
             * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
             * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
             * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
             */
            uint256[49] private __gap;
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol";
        import "../ERC1967/ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable.sol";
        import "./Initializable.sol";
        /**
         * @dev An upgradeability mechanism designed for UUPS proxies. The functions included here can perform an upgrade of an
         * {ERC1967Proxy}, when this contract is set as the implementation behind such a proxy.
         *
         * A security mechanism ensures that an upgrade does not turn off upgradeability accidentally, although this risk is
         * reinstated if the upgrade retains upgradeability but removes the security mechanism, e.g. by replacing
         * `UUPSUpgradeable` with a custom implementation of upgrades.
         *
         * The {_authorizeUpgrade} function must be overridden to include access restriction to the upgrade mechanism.
         *
         * _Available since v4.1._
         */
        abstract contract UUPSUpgradeable is Initializable, IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable, ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable {
            function __UUPSUpgradeable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
            }
            function __UUPSUpgradeable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
            }
            /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable state-variable-assignment
            address private immutable __self = address(this);
            /**
             * @dev Check that the execution is being performed through a delegatecall call and that the execution context is
             * a proxy contract with an implementation (as defined in ERC1967) pointing to self. This should only be the case
             * for UUPS and transparent proxies that are using the current contract as their implementation. Execution of a
             * function through ERC1167 minimal proxies (clones) would not normally pass this test, but is not guaranteed to
             * fail.
             */
            modifier onlyProxy() {
                require(address(this) != __self, "Function must be called through delegatecall");
                require(_getImplementation() == __self, "Function must be called through active proxy");
                _;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Check that the execution is not being performed through a delegate call. This allows a function to be
             * callable on the implementing contract but not through proxies.
             */
            modifier notDelegated() {
                require(address(this) == __self, "UUPSUpgradeable: must not be called through delegatecall");
                _;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Implementation of the ERC1822 {proxiableUUID} function. This returns the storage slot used by the
             * implementation. It is used to validate the implementation's compatibility when performing an upgrade.
             *
             * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
             * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
             * function revert if invoked through a proxy. This is guaranteed by the `notDelegated` modifier.
             */
            function proxiableUUID() external view virtual override notDelegated returns (bytes32) {
                return _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`.
             *
             * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
             *
             * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
             */
            function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external virtual onlyProxy {
                _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
                _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, new bytes(0), false);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`, and subsequently execute the function call
             * encoded in `data`.
             *
             * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
             *
             * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
             */
            function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) external payable virtual onlyProxy {
                _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
                _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, data, true);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Function that should revert when `msg.sender` is not authorized to upgrade the contract. Called by
             * {upgradeTo} and {upgradeToAndCall}.
             *
             * Normally, this function will use an xref:access.adoc[access control] modifier such as {Ownable-onlyOwner}.
             *
             * ```solidity
             * function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal override onlyOwner {}
             * ```
             */
            function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal virtual;
            /**
             * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
             * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
             * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
             */
            uint256[50] private __gap;
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (interfaces/IERC20.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "../token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
        import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
        /**
         * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
         * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
         * specific functions.
         *
         * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
         * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
         *
         * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
         * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
         * the owner.
         */
        abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
            address private _owner;
            event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
            /**
             * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
             */
            function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                __Ownable_init_unchained();
            }
            function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
                _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
            }
            /**
             * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
             */
            modifier onlyOwner() {
                _checkOwner();
                _;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
             */
            function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
                return _owner;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
             */
            function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
                require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
             * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
             *
             * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
             * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
             */
            function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
                _transferOwnership(address(0));
            }
            /**
             * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
             * Can only be called by the current owner.
             */
            function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
                require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
                _transferOwnership(newOwner);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
             * Internal function without access restriction.
             */
            function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
                address oldOwner = _owner;
                _owner = newOwner;
                emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
            }
            /**
             * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
             * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
             * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
             */
            uint256[49] private __gap;
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.1) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
        import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
        /**
         * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
         * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
         * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
         * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
         *
         * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
         * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
         * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
         *
         * For example:
         *
         * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
         * ```
         * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
         *     function initialize() initializer public {
         *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
         *     }
         * }
         * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
         *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
         *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
         *     }
         * }
         * ```
         *
         * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
         * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
         *
         * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
         * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
         *
         * [CAUTION]
         * ====
         * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
         *
         * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
         * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
         * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
         *
         * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
         * ```
         * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
         * constructor() {
         *     _disableInitializers();
         * }
         * ```
         * ====
         */
        abstract contract Initializable {
            /**
             * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
             * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
             */
            uint8 private _initialized;
            /**
             * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
             */
            bool private _initializing;
            /**
             * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
             */
            event Initialized(uint8 version);
            /**
             * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
             * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
             *
             * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
             * constructor.
             *
             * Emits an {Initialized} event.
             */
            modifier initializer() {
                bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
                require(
                    (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
                    "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
                );
                _initialized = 1;
                if (isTopLevelCall) {
                    _initializing = true;
                }
                _;
                if (isTopLevelCall) {
                    _initializing = false;
                    emit Initialized(1);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
             * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
             * used to initialize parent contracts.
             *
             * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
             * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
             *
             * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
             * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
             *
             * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
             * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
             *
             * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
             *
             * Emits an {Initialized} event.
             */
            modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
                require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
                _initialized = version;
                _initializing = true;
                _;
                _initializing = false;
                emit Initialized(version);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
             * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
             */
            modifier onlyInitializing() {
                require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
                _;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
             * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
             * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
             * through proxies.
             *
             * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
             */
            function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
                require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
                if (_initialized < type(uint8).max) {
                    _initialized = type(uint8).max;
                    emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
             */
            function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
                return _initialized;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
             */
            function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
                return _initializing;
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
        /**
         * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
         * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
         * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
         * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
         * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
         * is concerned).
         *
         * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
         */
        abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
            function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
            }
            function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
            }
            function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
                return msg.sender;
            }
            function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
                return msg.data;
            }
            /**
             * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
             * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
             * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
             */
            uint256[50] private __gap;
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
         * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
         */
        interface IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable {
            /**
             * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
             * address.
             *
             * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
             * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
             * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
             */
            function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.3) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
        import "../beacon/IBeaconUpgradeable.sol";
        import "../../interfaces/IERC1967Upgradeable.sol";
        import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol";
        import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
        import "../../utils/StorageSlotUpgradeable.sol";
        import "../utils/Initializable.sol";
        /**
         * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
         *
         * _Available since v4.1._
         *
         * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow delegatecall
         */
        abstract contract ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable is Initializable, IERC1967Upgradeable {
            function __ERC1967Upgrade_init() internal onlyInitializing {
            }
            function __ERC1967Upgrade_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
            }
            // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
            bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;
            /**
             * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
             * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
             * validated in the constructor.
             */
            bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
            /**
             * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
             */
            function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
                return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
             */
            function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
                StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
             *
             * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
             */
            function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
                _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
             *
             * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
             */
            function _upgradeToAndCall(
                address newImplementation,
                bytes memory data,
                bool forceCall
            ) internal {
                _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                    _functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
             *
             * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
             */
            function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(
                address newImplementation,
                bytes memory data,
                bool forceCall
            ) internal {
                // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
                // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
                // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
                if (StorageSlotUpgradeable.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
                    _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                } else {
                    try IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                        require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
                    } catch {
                        revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
                    }
                    _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
             * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
             * validated in the constructor.
             */
            bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
            /**
             * @dev Returns the current admin.
             */
            function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
                return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
             */
            function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
                require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
                StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
             *
             * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
             */
            function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
                emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
                _setAdmin(newAdmin);
            }
            /**
             * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
             * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
             */
            bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
            /**
             * @dev Returns the current beacon.
             */
            function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
                return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
             */
            function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
                require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
                require(
                    AddressUpgradeable.isContract(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation()),
                    "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
                );
                StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
             * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
             *
             * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
             */
            function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(
                address newBeacon,
                bytes memory data,
                bool forceCall
            ) internal {
                _setBeacon(newBeacon);
                emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
                if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                    _functionDelegateCall(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
             * but performing a delegate call.
             *
             * _Available since v3.4._
             */
            function _functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) private returns (bytes memory) {
                require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
                // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                return AddressUpgradeable.verifyCallResult(success, returndata, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
            }
            /**
             * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
             * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
             * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
             */
            uint256[50] private __gap;
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
         */
        interface IERC20 {
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
             * another (`to`).
             *
             * Note that `value` may be zero.
             */
            event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
             * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
             */
            event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
             */
            function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
             */
            function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
            /**
             * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
             *
             * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
             *
             * Emits a {Transfer} event.
             */
            function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
            /**
             * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
             * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
             * zero by default.
             *
             * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
             */
            function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
            /**
             * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
             *
             * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
             *
             * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
             * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
             * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
             * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
             * desired value afterwards:
             * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
             *
             * Emits an {Approval} event.
             */
            function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
            /**
             * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
             * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
             * allowance.
             *
             * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
             *
             * Emits a {Transfer} event.
             */
            function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
        /**
         * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
         */
        library AddressUpgradeable {
            /**
             * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
             *
             * [IMPORTANT]
             * ====
             * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
             * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
             *
             * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
             * types of addresses:
             *
             *  - an externally-owned account
             *  - a contract in construction
             *  - an address where a contract will be created
             *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
             * ====
             *
             * [IMPORTANT]
             * ====
             * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
             *
             * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
             * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
             * constructor.
             * ====
             */
            function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
                // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
                // of the constructor execution.
                return account.code.length > 0;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
             * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
             *
             * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
             * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
             * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
             * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
             *
             * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
             *
             * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
             * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
             * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
             * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
             */
            function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
             * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
             * function instead.
             *
             * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
             * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
             *
             * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
             * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - `target` must be a contract.
             * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
             *
             * _Available since v3.1._
             */
            function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
             * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
             *
             * _Available since v3.1._
             */
            function functionCall(
                address target,
                bytes memory data,
                string memory errorMessage
            ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
             * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
             *
             * Requirements:
             *
             * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
             * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
             *
             * _Available since v3.1._
             */
            function functionCallWithValue(
                address target,
                bytes memory data,
                uint256 value
            ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
             * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
             *
             * _Available since v3.1._
             */
            function functionCallWithValue(
                address target,
                bytes memory data,
                uint256 value,
                string memory errorMessage
            ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
             * but performing a static call.
             *
             * _Available since v3.3._
             */
            function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
            }
            /**
             * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
             * but performing a static call.
             *
             * _Available since v3.3._
             */
            function functionStaticCall(
                address target,
                bytes memory data,
                string memory errorMessage
            ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
             * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
             *
             * _Available since v4.8._
             */
            function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                address target,
                bool success,
                bytes memory returndata,
                string memory errorMessage
            ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                if (success) {
                    if (returndata.length == 0) {
                        // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                        // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                    }
                    return returndata;
                } else {
                    _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
             * revert reason or using the provided one.
             *
             * _Available since v4.3._
             */
            function verifyCallResult(
                bool success,
                bytes memory returndata,
                string memory errorMessage
            ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                if (success) {
                    return returndata;
                } else {
                    _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
                }
            }
            function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
                // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                if (returndata.length > 0) {
                    // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                        revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                    }
                } else {
                    revert(errorMessage);
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
         */
        interface IBeaconUpgradeable {
            /**
             * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
             *
             * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
             */
            function implementation() external view returns (address);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.3) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
         *
         * _Available since v4.9._
         */
        interface IERC1967Upgradeable {
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
             */
            event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
             */
            event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
            /**
             * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
             */
            event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
        // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
        pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
        /**
         * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
         *
         * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
         * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
         *
         * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
         *
         * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
         * ```
         * contract ERC1967 {
         *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
         *
         *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
         *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
         *     }
         *
         *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
         *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
         *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
         *     }
         * }
         * ```
         *
         * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, and `uint256`._
         */
        library StorageSlotUpgradeable {
            struct AddressSlot {
                address value;
            }
            struct BooleanSlot {
                bool value;
            }
            struct Bytes32Slot {
                bytes32 value;
            }
            struct Uint256Slot {
                uint256 value;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
             */
            function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    r.slot := slot
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
             */
            function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    r.slot := slot
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
             */
            function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    r.slot := slot
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
             */
            function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    r.slot := slot
                }
            }
        }