ETH Price: $2,643.03 (+3.64%)
Gas: 2.88 Gwei

Transaction Decoder

Block:
18680181 at Nov-29-2023 10:15:11 PM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.00522585284252369 ETH $13.81
Gas Used:
100,090 Gas / 52.211538041 Gwei

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
0x5E05fEB6...ecD034b3d
0.057110545779558021 Eth
Nonce: 887
0.051884692937034331 Eth
Nonce: 888
0.00522585284252369
(Fee Recipient: 0xA8C...f64)
60.876963145781313981 Eth60.877063235781313981 Eth0.00010009

Execution Trace

ETH 0.024 ERC1967Proxy.3925c3c3( )
  • ETH 0.024 BlurExchangeV2.takeAsk( inputs=[{name:orders, type:tuple[], order:1, indexed:false}, {name:exchanges, type:tuple[], order:2, indexed:false}, {name:takerFee, type:tuple, order:3, indexed:false, value:[{name:recipient, type:address, order:1, indexed:false, value:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000, valueString:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000}, {name:rate, type:uint16, order:2, indexed:false, value:0, valueString:0}], valueString:[{name:recipient, type:address, order:1, indexed:false, value:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000, valueString:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000}, {name:rate, type:uint16, order:2, indexed:false, value:0, valueString:0}]}, {name:signatures, type:bytes, order:4, indexed:false, value:0x11505A69D47E020E2239F575B54944DDD09CC66955203442BCAE9780F11F19DA48E7F42CE0C7861AC83543435363C15CE6735B2560BF56DF45F3857AE080EDFF1BE6E0076D6F8E67D6FCB6CE2BBFDAD21A9B28CF78003EF785236387A1F53E61F86B6E22CF794703C8E671589C566E4E5080B41920E9B9F3762B4A733CA5C703471B, valueString:0x11505A69D47E020E2239F575B54944DDD09CC66955203442BCAE9780F11F19DA48E7F42CE0C7861AC83543435363C15CE6735B2560BF56DF45F3857AE080EDFF1BE6E0076D6F8E67D6FCB6CE2BBFDAD21A9B28CF78003EF785236387A1F53E61F86B6E22CF794703C8E671589C566E4E5080B41920E9B9F3762B4A733CA5C703471B}, {name:tokenRecipient, type:address, order:5, indexed:false, value:0x5E05fEB6503B45EC31bFDF588a72c00ecD034b3d, valueString:0x5E05fEB6503B45EC31bFDF588a72c00ecD034b3d}], oracleSignature=0x4754E4F53A35D4B2D6B67DBFC3863361CF968E38E01CB6A8153C7709A86262953C5EF5A6357B72F58A55B3872AE0FF0D795D5103A8722671B0879B572662C74A1C011D09736AF68E5D010513FF70A3AAED9AFEB8661116E6CE )
    • Null: 0x000...001.b71e5b03( )
    • Null: 0x000...001.b0215e2d( )
    • Null: 0x000...001.9c644769( )
    • ETH 0.024 0x5e05feb6503b45ec31bfdf588a72c00ecd034b3d.CALL( )
      File 1 of 2: ERC1967Proxy
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)
      pragma solidity 0.8.17;
      import "lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/proxy/Proxy.sol";
      import "lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol";
      /**
       * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
       * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
       * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
       * implementation behind the proxy.
       */
      contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
          /**
           * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
           *
           * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
           * function call, and allows initializating the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
           */
          constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
              assert(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT == bytes32(uint256(keccak256("eip1967.proxy.implementation")) - 1));
              _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
           */
          function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
              return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
       * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
       * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
       *
       * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
       * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
       *
       * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
       */
      abstract contract Proxy {
          /**
           * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
           *
           * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
           */
          function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
              assembly {
                  // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                  // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                  // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                  calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                  // Call the implementation.
                  // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                  let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                  // Copy the returned data.
                  returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                  switch result
                  // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                  case 0 {
                      revert(0, returndatasize())
                  }
                  default {
                      return(0, returndatasize())
                  }
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
           * and {_fallback} should delegate.
           */
          function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
          /**
           * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
           *
           * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
           */
          function _fallback() internal virtual {
              _beforeFallback();
              _delegate(_implementation());
          }
          /**
           * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
           * function in the contract matches the call data.
           */
          fallback() external payable virtual {
              _fallback();
          }
          /**
           * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
           * is empty.
           */
          receive() external payable virtual {
              _fallback();
          }
          /**
           * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
           * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
           *
           * If overridden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
           */
          function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {}
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.3) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
      import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
      import "../../interfaces/IERC1967.sol";
      import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
      import "../../utils/Address.sol";
      import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";
      /**
       * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
       * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
       *
       * _Available since v4.1._
       */
      abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade is IERC1967 {
          // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
          bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;
          /**
           * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
           * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
           * validated in the constructor.
           */
          bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
          /**
           * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
           */
          function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
              return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
           */
          function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
              require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
              StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
           *
           * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
           */
          function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
              _setImplementation(newImplementation);
              emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
           *
           * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
           */
          function _upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
              _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
              if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                  Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
           *
           * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
           */
          function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
              // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
              // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
              // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
              if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
                  _setImplementation(newImplementation);
              } else {
                  try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                      require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
                  } catch {
                      revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
                  }
                  _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
           * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
           * validated in the constructor.
           */
          bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
          /**
           * @dev Returns the current admin.
           */
          function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
              return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
           */
          function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
              require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
              StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
           *
           * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
           */
          function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
              emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
              _setAdmin(newAdmin);
          }
          /**
           * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
           * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
           */
          bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
          /**
           * @dev Returns the current beacon.
           */
          function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
              return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
           */
          function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
              require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
              require(
                  Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
                  "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
              );
              StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
           * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
           *
           * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
           */
          function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
              _setBeacon(newBeacon);
              emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
              if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                  Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
              }
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
       */
      interface IBeacon {
          /**
           * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
           *
           * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
           */
          function implementation() external view returns (address);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
       *
       * _Available since v4.8.3._
       */
      interface IERC1967 {
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
           */
          event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
           */
          event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
           */
          event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
       * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
       */
      interface IERC1822Proxiable {
          /**
           * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
           * address.
           *
           * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
           * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
           * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
           */
          function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
      /**
       * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
       */
      library Address {
          /**
           * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
           *
           * [IMPORTANT]
           * ====
           * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
           * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
           *
           * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
           * types of addresses:
           *
           *  - an externally-owned account
           *  - a contract in construction
           *  - an address where a contract will be created
           *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
           *
           * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
           * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
           * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
           * ====
           *
           * [IMPORTANT]
           * ====
           * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
           *
           * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
           * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
           * constructor.
           * ====
           */
          function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
              // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
              // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
              // of the constructor execution.
              return account.code.length > 0;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
           * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
           *
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
           * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
           * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
           * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
           *
           * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
           *
           * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
           * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
           * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
           * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
           */
          function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
              require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
              (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
              require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
           * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
           * function instead.
           *
           * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
           * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
           *
           * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
           * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `target` must be a contract.
           * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
           *
           * _Available since v3.1._
           */
          function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
           * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
           *
           * _Available since v3.1._
           */
          function functionCall(
              address target,
              bytes memory data,
              string memory errorMessage
          ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
           * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
           * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
           *
           * _Available since v3.1._
           */
          function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
           * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
           *
           * _Available since v3.1._
           */
          function functionCallWithValue(
              address target,
              bytes memory data,
              uint256 value,
              string memory errorMessage
          ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
              (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
              return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
           * but performing a static call.
           *
           * _Available since v3.3._
           */
          function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
              return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
           * but performing a static call.
           *
           * _Available since v3.3._
           */
          function functionStaticCall(
              address target,
              bytes memory data,
              string memory errorMessage
          ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
              (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
              return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
           * but performing a delegate call.
           *
           * _Available since v3.4._
           */
          function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
           * but performing a delegate call.
           *
           * _Available since v3.4._
           */
          function functionDelegateCall(
              address target,
              bytes memory data,
              string memory errorMessage
          ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
              return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
           * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
           *
           * _Available since v4.8._
           */
          function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
              address target,
              bool success,
              bytes memory returndata,
              string memory errorMessage
          ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
              if (success) {
                  if (returndata.length == 0) {
                      // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                      // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                      require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                  }
                  return returndata;
              } else {
                  _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
           * revert reason or using the provided one.
           *
           * _Available since v4.3._
           */
          function verifyCallResult(
              bool success,
              bytes memory returndata,
              string memory errorMessage
          ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
              if (success) {
                  return returndata;
              } else {
                  _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
              }
          }
          function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
              // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
              if (returndata.length > 0) {
                  // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                      revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                  }
              } else {
                  revert(errorMessage);
              }
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
      // This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
       *
       * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
       * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
       *
       * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
       *
       * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
       * ```solidity
       * contract ERC1967 {
       *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
       *
       *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
       *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
       *     }
       *
       *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
       *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
       *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
       *     }
       * }
       * ```
       *
       * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, `uint256`._
       * _Available since v4.9 for `string`, `bytes`._
       */
      library StorageSlot {
          struct AddressSlot {
              address value;
          }
          struct BooleanSlot {
              bool value;
          }
          struct Bytes32Slot {
              bytes32 value;
          }
          struct Uint256Slot {
              uint256 value;
          }
          struct StringSlot {
              string value;
          }
          struct BytesSlot {
              bytes value;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
           */
          function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  r.slot := slot
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
           */
          function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  r.slot := slot
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
           */
          function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  r.slot := slot
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
           */
          function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  r.slot := slot
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
           */
          function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  r.slot := slot
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
           */
          function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  r.slot := store.slot
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
           */
          function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  r.slot := slot
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
           */
          function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  r.slot := store.slot
              }
          }
      }
      

      File 2 of 2: BlurExchangeV2
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity 0.8.17;
      import { Ownable2StepUpgradeable } from "lib/openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/contracts/access/Ownable2StepUpgradeable.sol";
      import { UUPSUpgradeable } from "lib/openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/contracts/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol";
      import { Executor } from "./Executor.sol";
      import "./lib/Constants.sol";
      import {
          TakeAsk,
          TakeBid,
          TakeAskSingle,
          TakeBidSingle,
          Order,
          Exchange,
          Fees,
          FeeRate,
          AssetType,
          OrderType,
          Transfer,
          FungibleTransfers,
          StateUpdate,
          AtomicExecution,
          Cancel,
          Listing
      } from "./lib/Structs.sol";
      import { IBlurExchangeV2 } from "./interfaces/IBlurExchangeV2.sol";
      import { ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable } from "./lib/ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol";
      contract BlurExchangeV2 is
          IBlurExchangeV2,
          Ownable2StepUpgradeable,
          UUPSUpgradeable,
          ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable,
          Executor
      {
          address public governor;
          // required by the OZ UUPS module
          function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal override onlyOwner {}
          constructor(address delegate, address pool, address proxy) Executor(delegate, pool, proxy) {
              _disableInitializers();
          }
          function initialize() external initializer {
              __UUPSUpgradeable_init();
              __Ownable_init();
              __Reentrancy_init();
              verifyDomain();
          }
          modifier onlyGovernor() {
              if (msg.sender != governor) {
                  revert Unauthorized();
              }
              _;
          }
          /**
           * @notice Governor only function to set the protocol fee rate and recipient
           * @param recipient Protocol fee recipient
           * @param rate Protocol fee rate
           */
          function setProtocolFee(address recipient, uint16 rate) external onlyGovernor {
              if (rate > _MAX_PROTOCOL_FEE_RATE) {
                  revert ProtocolFeeTooHigh();
              }
              protocolFee = FeeRate(recipient, rate);
              emit NewProtocolFee(recipient, rate);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Admin only function to set the governor of the exchange
           * @param _governor Address of governor to set
           */
          function setGovernor(address _governor) external onlyOwner {
              governor = _governor;
              emit NewGovernor(_governor);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Admin only function to grant or revoke the approval of an oracle
           * @param oracle Address to set approval of
           * @param approved If the oracle should be approved or not
           */
          function setOracle(address oracle, bool approved) external onlyOwner {
              if (approved) {
                  oracles[oracle] = 1;
              } else {
                  oracles[oracle] = 0;
              }
              emit SetOracle(oracle, approved);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Admin only function to set the block range
           * @param _blockRange Block range that oracle signatures are valid for
           */
          function setBlockRange(uint256 _blockRange) external onlyOwner {
              blockRange = _blockRange;
              emit NewBlockRange(_blockRange);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Cancel listings by recording their fulfillment
           * @param cancels List of cancels to execute
           */
          function cancelTrades(Cancel[] memory cancels) external {
              uint256 cancelsLength = cancels.length;
              for (uint256 i; i < cancelsLength; ) {
                  Cancel memory cancel = cancels[i];
                  amountTaken[msg.sender][cancel.hash][cancel.index] += cancel.amount;
                  emit CancelTrade(msg.sender, cancel.hash, cancel.index, cancel.amount);
                  unchecked {
                      ++i;
                  }
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Cancels all orders by incrementing caller nonce
           */
          function incrementNonce() external {
              emit NonceIncremented(msg.sender, ++nonces[msg.sender]);
          }
          /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                EXECUTION WRAPPERS
          //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
          /**
           * @notice Wrapper of _takeAsk that verifies an oracle signature of the calldata before executing
           * @param inputs Inputs for _takeAsk
           * @param oracleSignature Oracle signature of inputs
           */
          function takeAsk(
              TakeAsk memory inputs,
              bytes calldata oracleSignature
          )
              public
              payable
              nonReentrant
              verifyOracleSignature(_hashCalldata(msg.sender), oracleSignature)
          {
              _takeAsk(
                  inputs.orders,
                  inputs.exchanges,
                  inputs.takerFee,
                  inputs.signatures,
                  inputs.tokenRecipient
              );
          }
          /**
           * @notice Wrapper of _takeBid that verifies an oracle signature of the calldata before executing
           * @param inputs Inputs for _takeBid
           * @param oracleSignature Oracle signature of inputs
           */
          function takeBid(
              TakeBid memory inputs,
              bytes calldata oracleSignature
          ) public verifyOracleSignature(_hashCalldata(msg.sender), oracleSignature) {
              _takeBid(inputs.orders, inputs.exchanges, inputs.takerFee, inputs.signatures);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Wrapper of _takeAskSingle that verifies an oracle signature of the calldata before executing
           * @param inputs Inputs for _takeAskSingle
           * @param oracleSignature Oracle signature of inputs
           */
          function takeAskSingle(
              TakeAskSingle memory inputs,
              bytes calldata oracleSignature
          )
              public
              payable
              nonReentrant
              verifyOracleSignature(_hashCalldata(msg.sender), oracleSignature)
          {
              _takeAskSingle(
                  inputs.order,
                  inputs.exchange,
                  inputs.takerFee,
                  inputs.signature,
                  inputs.tokenRecipient
              );
          }
          /**
           * @notice Wrapper of _takeBidSingle that verifies an oracle signature of the calldata before executing
           * @param inputs Inputs for _takeBidSingle
           * @param oracleSignature Oracle signature of inputs
           */
          function takeBidSingle(
              TakeBidSingle memory inputs,
              bytes calldata oracleSignature
          ) external verifyOracleSignature(_hashCalldata(msg.sender), oracleSignature) {
              _takeBidSingle(inputs.order, inputs.exchange, inputs.takerFee, inputs.signature);
          }
          /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                              EXECUTION POOL WRAPPERS
          //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
          /**
           * @notice Wrapper of takeAskSingle that withdraws ETH from the caller's pool balance prior to executing
           * @param inputs Inputs for takeAskSingle
           * @param oracleSignature Oracle signature of inputs
           * @param amountToWithdraw Amount of ETH to withdraw from the pool
           */
          function takeAskSinglePool(
              TakeAskSingle memory inputs,
              bytes calldata oracleSignature,
              uint256 amountToWithdraw
          ) external payable {
              _withdrawFromPool(msg.sender, amountToWithdraw);
              takeAskSingle(inputs, oracleSignature);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Wrapper of takeAsk that withdraws ETH from the caller's pool balance prior to executing
           * @param inputs Inputs for takeAsk
           * @param oracleSignature Oracle signature of inputs
           * @param amountToWithdraw Amount of ETH to withdraw from the pool
           */
          function takeAskPool(
              TakeAsk memory inputs,
              bytes calldata oracleSignature,
              uint256 amountToWithdraw
          ) external payable {
              _withdrawFromPool(msg.sender, amountToWithdraw);
              takeAsk(inputs, oracleSignature);
          }
          /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                EXECUTION FUNCTIONS
          //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
          /**
           * @notice Take a single ask
           * @param order Order of listing to fulfill
           * @param exchange Exchange struct indicating the listing to take and the parameters to match it with
           * @param takerFee Taker fee to be taken
           * @param signature Order signature
           * @param tokenRecipient Address to receive the token transfer
           */
          function _takeAskSingle(
              Order memory order,
              Exchange memory exchange,
              FeeRate memory takerFee,
              bytes memory signature,
              address tokenRecipient
          ) internal {
              Fees memory fees = Fees(protocolFee, takerFee);
              Listing memory listing = exchange.listing;
              uint256 takerAmount = exchange.taker.amount;
              /* Validate the order and listing, revert if not. */
              if (!_validateOrderAndListing(order, OrderType.ASK, exchange, signature, fees)) {
                  revert InvalidOrder();
              }
              /* Create single execution batch and insert the transfer. */
              bytes memory executionBatch = _initializeSingleExecution(
                  order,
                  OrderType.ASK,
                  listing.tokenId,
                  takerAmount,
                  tokenRecipient
              );
              /* Set the fulfillment of the order. */
              unchecked {
                  amountTaken[order.trader][bytes32(order.salt)][listing.index] += takerAmount;
              }
              /* Execute the token transfers, revert if not successful. */
              {
                  bool[] memory successfulTransfers = _executeNonfungibleTransfers(executionBatch, 1);
                  if (!successfulTransfers[0]) {
                      revert TokenTransferFailed();
                  }
              }
              (
                  uint256 totalPrice,
                  uint256 protocolFeeAmount,
                  uint256 makerFeeAmount,
                  uint256 takerFeeAmount
              ) = _computeFees(listing.price, takerAmount, order.makerFee, fees);
              /* If there are insufficient funds to cover the price with the fees, revert. */
              unchecked {
                  if (address(this).balance < totalPrice + takerFeeAmount) {
                      revert InsufficientFunds();
                  }
              }
              /* Execute ETH transfers. */
              _transferETH(fees.protocolFee.recipient, protocolFeeAmount);
              _transferETH(fees.takerFee.recipient, takerFeeAmount);
              _transferETH(order.makerFee.recipient, makerFeeAmount);
              unchecked {
                  _transferETH(order.trader, totalPrice - makerFeeAmount - protocolFeeAmount);
              }
              _emitExecutionEvent(executionBatch, order, listing.index, totalPrice, fees, OrderType.ASK);
              /* Return dust. */
              _transferETH(msg.sender, address(this).balance);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Take a single bid
           * @param order Order of listing to fulfill
           * @param exchange Exchange struct indicating the listing to take and the parameters to match it with
           * @param takerFee Taker fee to be taken
           * @param signature Order signature
           */
          function _takeBidSingle(
              Order memory order,
              Exchange memory exchange,
              FeeRate memory takerFee,
              bytes memory signature
          ) internal {
              Fees memory fees = Fees(protocolFee, takerFee);
              Listing memory listing = exchange.listing;
              uint256 takerAmount = exchange.taker.amount;
              /* Validate the order and listing, revert if not. */
              if (!_validateOrderAndListing(order, OrderType.BID, exchange, signature, fees)) {
                  revert InvalidOrder();
              }
              /* Create single execution batch and insert the transfer. */
              bytes memory executionBatch = _initializeSingleExecution(
                  order,
                  OrderType.BID,
                  exchange.taker.tokenId,
                  takerAmount,
                  msg.sender
              );
              /* Execute the token transfers, revert if not successful. */
              {
                  bool[] memory successfulTransfers = _executeNonfungibleTransfers(executionBatch, 1);
                  if (!successfulTransfers[0]) {
                      revert TokenTransferFailed();
                  }
              }
              (
                  uint256 totalPrice,
                  uint256 protocolFeeAmount,
                  uint256 makerFeeAmount,
                  uint256 takerFeeAmount
              ) = _computeFees(listing.price, takerAmount, order.makerFee, fees);
              /* Execute pool transfers and set the fulfillment of the order. */
              address trader = order.trader;
              _transferPool(trader, order.makerFee.recipient, makerFeeAmount);
              _transferPool(trader, fees.takerFee.recipient, takerFeeAmount);
              _transferPool(trader, fees.protocolFee.recipient, protocolFeeAmount);
              unchecked {
                  _transferPool(trader, msg.sender, totalPrice - takerFeeAmount - protocolFeeAmount);
                  amountTaken[trader][bytes32(order.salt)][listing.index] += exchange.taker.amount;
              }
              _emitExecutionEvent(executionBatch, order, listing.index, totalPrice, fees, OrderType.BID);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Take multiple asks; efficiently verifying and executing the transfers in bulk
           * @param orders List of orders
           * @param exchanges List of exchanges indicating the listing to take and the parameters to match it with
           * @param takerFee Taker fee to be taken on each exchange
           * @param signatures Bytes array of order signatures
           * @param tokenRecipient Address to receive the tokens purchased
           */
          function _takeAsk(
              Order[] memory orders,
              Exchange[] memory exchanges,
              FeeRate memory takerFee,
              bytes memory signatures,
              address tokenRecipient
          ) internal {
              Fees memory fees = Fees(protocolFee, takerFee);
              /**
               * Validate all the orders potentially used in the execution and
               * initialize the arrays for pending fulfillments.
               */
              (bool[] memory validOrders, uint256[][] memory pendingAmountTaken) = _validateOrders(
                  orders,
                  OrderType.ASK,
                  signatures,
                  fees
              );
              uint256 exchangesLength = exchanges.length;
              /* Initialize the execution batch structs. */
              (
                  bytes memory executionBatch,
                  FungibleTransfers memory fungibleTransfers
              ) = _initializeBatch(exchangesLength, OrderType.ASK, tokenRecipient);
              Order memory order;
              Exchange memory exchange;
              uint256 remainingETH = address(this).balance;
              for (uint256 i; i < exchangesLength; ) {
                  exchange = exchanges[i];
                  order = orders[exchange.index];
                  /* Check the listing and exchange is valid and its parent order has already been validated. */
                  if (
                      _validateListingFromBatch(
                          order,
                          OrderType.ASK,
                          exchange,
                          validOrders,
                          pendingAmountTaken
                      )
                  ) {
                      /* Insert the transfers into the batch. */
                      bool inserted;
                      (remainingETH, inserted) = _insertExecutionAsk(
                          executionBatch,
                          fungibleTransfers,
                          order,
                          exchange,
                          fees,
                          remainingETH
                      );
                      if (inserted) {
                          unchecked {
                              pendingAmountTaken[exchange.index][exchange.listing.index] += exchange
                                  .taker
                                  .amount;
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  unchecked {
                      ++i;
                  }
              }
              /* Execute all transfers. */
              _executeBatchTransfer(executionBatch, fungibleTransfers, fees, OrderType.ASK);
              /* Return dust. */
              _transferETH(msg.sender, address(this).balance);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Take multiple bids; efficiently verifying and executing the transfers in bulk
           * @param orders List of orders
           * @param exchanges List of exchanges indicating the listing to take and the parameters to match it with
           * @param takerFee Taker fee to be taken on each exchange
           * @param signatures Bytes array of order signatures
           */
          function _takeBid(
              Order[] memory orders,
              Exchange[] memory exchanges,
              FeeRate memory takerFee,
              bytes memory signatures
          ) internal {
              Fees memory fees = Fees(protocolFee, takerFee);
              /**
               * Validate all the orders potentially used in the execution and
               * initialize the arrays for pending fulfillments.
               */
              (bool[] memory validOrders, uint256[][] memory pendingAmountTaken) = _validateOrders(
                  orders,
                  OrderType.BID,
                  signatures,
                  fees
              );
              uint256 exchangesLength = exchanges.length;
              /* Initialize the execution batch structs. */
              (
                  bytes memory executionBatch,
                  FungibleTransfers memory fungibleTransfers
              ) = _initializeBatch(exchangesLength, OrderType.BID, msg.sender);
              Order memory order;
              Exchange memory exchange;
              for (uint256 i; i < exchangesLength; ) {
                  exchange = exchanges[i];
                  order = orders[exchange.index];
                  /* Check the listing and exchange is valid and its parent order has already been validated. */
                  if (
                      _validateListingFromBatch(
                          order,
                          OrderType.BID,
                          exchange,
                          validOrders,
                          pendingAmountTaken
                      )
                  ) {
                      /* Insert the transfers into the batch. */
                      _insertExecutionBid(executionBatch, fungibleTransfers, order, exchange, fees);
                      /* Record the pending fulfillment. */
                      unchecked {
                          pendingAmountTaken[exchange.index][exchange.listing.index] += exchange
                              .taker
                              .amount;
                      }
                  }
                  unchecked {
                      ++i;
                  }
              }
              /* Execute all transfers. */
              _executeBatchTransfer(executionBatch, fungibleTransfers, fees, OrderType.BID);
          }
          /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                EXECUTION HELPERS
          //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
          /**
           * @notice Initialize the ExecutionBatch and FungibleTransfers objects for bulk execution
           * @param exchangesLength Number of exchanges
           * @param orderType Order type
           * @param taker Order taker address
           */
          function _initializeBatch(
              uint256 exchangesLength,
              OrderType orderType,
              address taker
          )
              internal
              pure
              returns (bytes memory executionBatch, FungibleTransfers memory fungibleTransfers)
          {
              /* Initialize the batch. Constructing it manually in calldata packing allows for cheaper delegate execution. */
              uint256 arrayLength = Transfer_size * exchangesLength + One_word;
              uint256 executionBatchLength = ExecutionBatch_base_size + arrayLength;
              executionBatch = new bytes(executionBatchLength);
              assembly {
                  let calldataPointer := add(executionBatch, ExecutionBatch_calldata_offset)
                  mstore(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_taker_offset), taker)
                  mstore(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_orderType_offset), orderType)
                  mstore(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_transfers_pointer_offset), ExecutionBatch_transfers_offset) // set the transfers pointer
                  mstore(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_transfers_offset), exchangesLength) // set the length of the transfers array
              }
              /* Initialize the fungible transfers object. */
              AtomicExecution[] memory executions = new AtomicExecution[](exchangesLength);
              address[] memory feeRecipients = new address[](exchangesLength);
              address[] memory makers = new address[](exchangesLength);
              uint256[] memory makerTransfers = new uint256[](exchangesLength);
              uint256[] memory feeTransfers = new uint256[](exchangesLength);
              fungibleTransfers = FungibleTransfers({
                  totalProtocolFee: 0,
                  totalSellerTransfer: 0,
                  totalTakerFee: 0,
                  feeRecipientId: 0,
                  feeRecipients: feeRecipients,
                  makerId: 0,
                  makers: makers,
                  feeTransfers: feeTransfers,
                  makerTransfers: makerTransfers,
                  executions: executions
              });
          }
          /**
           * @notice Initialize the ExecutionBatch object for a single execution
           * @param order Order to take a Listing from
           * @param orderType Order type
           * @param tokenId Token id
           * @param amount ERC721/ERC1155 amount
           * @param taker Order taker address
           */
          function _initializeSingleExecution(
              Order memory order,
              OrderType orderType,
              uint256 tokenId,
              uint256 amount,
              address taker
          ) internal pure returns (bytes memory executionBatch) {
              /* Initialize the batch. Constructing it manually in calldata packing allows for cheaper delegate execution. */
              uint256 arrayLength = Transfer_size + One_word;
              uint256 executionBatchLength = ExecutionBatch_base_size + arrayLength;
              executionBatch = new bytes(executionBatchLength);
              assembly {
                  let calldataPointer := add(executionBatch, ExecutionBatch_calldata_offset)
                  mstore(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_taker_offset), taker)
                  mstore(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_orderType_offset), orderType)
                  mstore(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_transfers_pointer_offset), ExecutionBatch_transfers_offset) // set the transfers pointer
                  mstore(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_transfers_offset), 1) // set the length of the transfers array
              }
              /* Insert the transfer into the batch. */
              _insertNonfungibleTransfer(executionBatch, order, tokenId, amount);
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (access/Ownable2Step.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "./OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
      import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Contract module which provides access control mechanism, where
       * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
       * specific functions.
       *
       * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
       * can later be changed with {transferOwnership} and {acceptOwnership}.
       *
       * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available all functions
       * from parent (Ownable).
       */
      abstract contract Ownable2StepUpgradeable is Initializable, OwnableUpgradeable {
          function __Ownable2Step_init() internal onlyInitializing {
              __Ownable_init_unchained();
          }
          function __Ownable2Step_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
          }
          address private _pendingOwner;
          event OwnershipTransferStarted(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the address of the pending owner.
           */
          function pendingOwner() public view virtual returns (address) {
              return _pendingOwner;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Starts the ownership transfer of the contract to a new account. Replaces the pending transfer if there is one.
           * Can only be called by the current owner.
           */
          function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual override onlyOwner {
              _pendingOwner = newOwner;
              emit OwnershipTransferStarted(owner(), newOwner);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`) and deletes any pending owner.
           * Internal function without access restriction.
           */
          function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual override {
              delete _pendingOwner;
              super._transferOwnership(newOwner);
          }
          /**
           * @dev The new owner accepts the ownership transfer.
           */
          function acceptOwnership() external {
              address sender = _msgSender();
              require(pendingOwner() == sender, "Ownable2Step: caller is not the new owner");
              _transferOwnership(sender);
          }
          /**
           * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
           * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
           * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
           */
          uint256[49] private __gap;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol";
      import "../ERC1967/ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable.sol";
      import "./Initializable.sol";
      /**
       * @dev An upgradeability mechanism designed for UUPS proxies. The functions included here can perform an upgrade of an
       * {ERC1967Proxy}, when this contract is set as the implementation behind such a proxy.
       *
       * A security mechanism ensures that an upgrade does not turn off upgradeability accidentally, although this risk is
       * reinstated if the upgrade retains upgradeability but removes the security mechanism, e.g. by replacing
       * `UUPSUpgradeable` with a custom implementation of upgrades.
       *
       * The {_authorizeUpgrade} function must be overridden to include access restriction to the upgrade mechanism.
       *
       * _Available since v4.1._
       */
      abstract contract UUPSUpgradeable is Initializable, IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable, ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable {
          function __UUPSUpgradeable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
          }
          function __UUPSUpgradeable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
          }
          /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable state-variable-assignment
          address private immutable __self = address(this);
          /**
           * @dev Check that the execution is being performed through a delegatecall call and that the execution context is
           * a proxy contract with an implementation (as defined in ERC1967) pointing to self. This should only be the case
           * for UUPS and transparent proxies that are using the current contract as their implementation. Execution of a
           * function through ERC1167 minimal proxies (clones) would not normally pass this test, but is not guaranteed to
           * fail.
           */
          modifier onlyProxy() {
              require(address(this) != __self, "Function must be called through delegatecall");
              require(_getImplementation() == __self, "Function must be called through active proxy");
              _;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Check that the execution is not being performed through a delegate call. This allows a function to be
           * callable on the implementing contract but not through proxies.
           */
          modifier notDelegated() {
              require(address(this) == __self, "UUPSUpgradeable: must not be called through delegatecall");
              _;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Implementation of the ERC1822 {proxiableUUID} function. This returns the storage slot used by the
           * implementation. It is used to validate the implementation's compatibility when performing an upgrade.
           *
           * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
           * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
           * function revert if invoked through a proxy. This is guaranteed by the `notDelegated` modifier.
           */
          function proxiableUUID() external view virtual override notDelegated returns (bytes32) {
              return _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`.
           *
           * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
           *
           * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
           */
          function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external virtual onlyProxy {
              _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
              _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, new bytes(0), false);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`, and subsequently execute the function call
           * encoded in `data`.
           *
           * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
           *
           * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
           */
          function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) external payable virtual onlyProxy {
              _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
              _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, data, true);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Function that should revert when `msg.sender` is not authorized to upgrade the contract. Called by
           * {upgradeTo} and {upgradeToAndCall}.
           *
           * Normally, this function will use an xref:access.adoc[access control] modifier such as {Ownable-onlyOwner}.
           *
           * ```solidity
           * function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal override onlyOwner {}
           * ```
           */
          function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal virtual;
          /**
           * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
           * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
           * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
           */
          uint256[50] private __gap;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity 0.8.17;
      import { Validation } from "./Validation.sol";
      import "./lib/Constants.sol";
      import {
          Order,
          Exchange,
          FungibleTransfers,
          StateUpdate,
          AtomicExecution,
          AssetType,
          Fees,
          FeeRate,
          Listing,
          Taker,
          Transfer,
          OrderType
      } from "./lib/Structs.sol";
      import { IDelegate } from "./interfaces/IDelegate.sol";
      import { IExecutor } from "./interfaces/IExecutor.sol";
      abstract contract Executor is IExecutor, Validation {
          address private immutable _DELEGATE;
          address private immutable _POOL;
          constructor(address delegate, address pool, address proxy) Validation(proxy) {
              _DELEGATE = delegate;
              _POOL = pool;
          }
          receive() external payable {
              if (msg.sender != _POOL) {
                  revert Unauthorized();
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Insert a validated ask listing into the batch if there's sufficient ETH to fulfill
           * @param executionBatch Execution batch
           * @param fungibleTransfers Fungible transfers
           * @param order Order of the listing to insert
           * @param exchange Exchange containing the listing to insert
           * @param fees Protocol and taker fees
           * @param remainingETH Available ETH remaining
           * @return Available ETH remaining after insertion; if the listing was inserted in the batch
           */
          function _insertExecutionAsk(
              bytes memory executionBatch,
              FungibleTransfers memory fungibleTransfers,
              Order memory order,
              Exchange memory exchange,
              Fees memory fees,
              uint256 remainingETH
          ) internal pure returns (uint256, bool) {
              uint256 takerAmount = exchange.taker.amount;
              (
                  uint256 totalPrice,
                  uint256 protocolFeeAmount,
                  uint256 makerFeeAmount,
                  uint256 takerFeeAmount
              ) = _computeFees(exchange.listing.price, takerAmount, order.makerFee, fees);
              /* Only insert the executions if there are sufficient funds to execute. */
              if (remainingETH >= totalPrice + takerFeeAmount) {
                  unchecked {
                      remainingETH = remainingETH - totalPrice - takerFeeAmount;
                  }
                  _setAddresses(fungibleTransfers, order);
                  uint256 index = _insertNonfungibleTransfer(
                      executionBatch,
                      order,
                      exchange.listing.tokenId,
                      takerAmount
                  );
                  _insertFungibleTransfers(
                      fungibleTransfers,
                      takerAmount,
                      exchange.listing,
                      bytes32(order.salt),
                      index,
                      totalPrice,
                      protocolFeeAmount,
                      makerFeeAmount,
                      takerFeeAmount,
                      true
                  );
                  return (remainingETH, true);
              } else {
                  return (remainingETH, false);
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Insert a validated bid listing into the batch
           * @param executionBatch Execution batch
           * @param fungibleTransfers Fungible transfers
           * @param order Order of the listing to insert
           * @param exchange Exchange containing listing to insert
           * @param fees Protocol and taker fees
           */
          function _insertExecutionBid(
              bytes memory executionBatch,
              FungibleTransfers memory fungibleTransfers,
              Order memory order,
              Exchange memory exchange,
              Fees memory fees
          ) internal pure {
              uint256 takerAmount = exchange.taker.amount;
              (
                  uint256 totalPrice,
                  uint256 protocolFeeAmount,
                  uint256 makerFeeAmount,
                  uint256 takerFeeAmount
              ) = _computeFees(exchange.listing.price, takerAmount, order.makerFee, fees);
              _setAddresses(fungibleTransfers, order);
              uint256 index = _insertNonfungibleTransfer(
                  executionBatch,
                  order,
                  exchange.taker.tokenId,
                  takerAmount
              );
              _insertFungibleTransfers(
                  fungibleTransfers,
                  takerAmount,
                  exchange.listing,
                  bytes32(order.salt),
                  index,
                  totalPrice,
                  protocolFeeAmount,
                  makerFeeAmount,
                  takerFeeAmount,
                  false
              );
          }
          /**
           * @notice Insert the nonfungible transfer into the batch
           * @param executionBatch Execution batch
           * @param order Order
           * @param tokenId Token id
           * @param amount Number of token units
           * @return transferIndex Index of the transfer
           */
          function _insertNonfungibleTransfer(
              bytes memory executionBatch,
              Order memory order,
              uint256 tokenId,
              uint256 amount
          ) internal pure returns (uint256 transferIndex) {
              assembly {
                  let calldataPointer := add(executionBatch, ExecutionBatch_calldata_offset)
                  transferIndex := mload(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_length_offset))
                  let transfersOffset := mload(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_transfers_pointer_offset))
                  let transferPointer := add(
                      add(calldataPointer, add(transfersOffset, One_word)),
                      mul(transferIndex, Transfer_size)
                  )
                  mstore(
                      add(transferPointer, Transfer_trader_offset),
                      mload(add(order, Order_trader_offset))
                  ) // set the trader
                  mstore(add(transferPointer, Transfer_id_offset), tokenId) // set the token id
                  mstore(
                      add(transferPointer, Transfer_collection_offset),
                      mload(add(order, Order_collection_offset))
                  ) // set the collection
                  mstore(
                      add(transferPointer, Transfer_assetType_offset),
                      mload(add(order, Order_assetType_offset))
                  ) // set the asset type
                  mstore(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_length_offset), add(transferIndex, 1)) // increment the batch length
                  if eq(mload(add(order, Order_assetType_offset)), AssetType_ERC1155) {
                      mstore(add(transferPointer, Transfer_amount_offset), amount) // set the amount (don't need to set for ERC721's)
                  }
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Insert the fungible transfers that need to be executed atomically
           * @param fungibleTransfers Fungible transfers struct
           * @param takerAmount Amount of the listing being taken
           * @param listing Listing to execute
           * @param orderHash Order hash
           * @param index Execution index
           * @param totalPrice Total price of the purchased tokens
           * @param protocolFeeAmount Computed protocol fee
           * @param makerFeeAmount Computed maker fee
           * @param takerFeeAmount Computed taker fee
           * @param makerIsSeller Is the order maker the seller
           */
          function _insertFungibleTransfers(
              FungibleTransfers memory fungibleTransfers,
              uint256 takerAmount,
              Listing memory listing,
              bytes32 orderHash,
              uint256 index,
              uint256 totalPrice,
              uint256 protocolFeeAmount,
              uint256 makerFeeAmount,
              uint256 takerFeeAmount,
              bool makerIsSeller
          ) internal pure {
              uint256 makerId = fungibleTransfers.makerId;
              fungibleTransfers.executions[index].makerId = makerId;
              fungibleTransfers.executions[index].makerFeeRecipientId = fungibleTransfers.feeRecipientId;
              fungibleTransfers.executions[index].stateUpdate = StateUpdate({
                  trader: fungibleTransfers.makers[makerId],
                  hash: orderHash,
                  index: listing.index,
                  value: takerAmount,
                  maxAmount: listing.amount
              });
              if (makerIsSeller) {
                  unchecked {
                      fungibleTransfers.executions[index].sellerAmount =
                          totalPrice -
                          protocolFeeAmount -
                          makerFeeAmount;
                  }
              } else {
                  unchecked {
                      fungibleTransfers.executions[index].sellerAmount =
                          totalPrice -
                          protocolFeeAmount -
                          takerFeeAmount;
                  }
              }
              fungibleTransfers.executions[index].makerFeeAmount = makerFeeAmount;
              fungibleTransfers.executions[index].takerFeeAmount = takerFeeAmount;
              fungibleTransfers.executions[index].protocolFeeAmount = protocolFeeAmount;
          }
          /**
           * @notice Set the addresses of the maker fee recipient and order maker if different than currently being batched
           * @param fungibleTransfers Fungible transfers struct
           * @param order Parent order of listing being added to the batch
           */
          function _setAddresses(
              FungibleTransfers memory fungibleTransfers,
              Order memory order
          ) internal pure {
              address feeRecipient = order.makerFee.recipient;
              uint256 feeRecipientId = fungibleTransfers.feeRecipientId;
              address currentFeeRecipient = fungibleTransfers.feeRecipients[feeRecipientId];
              if (feeRecipient != currentFeeRecipient) {
                  if (currentFeeRecipient == address(0)) {
                      fungibleTransfers.feeRecipients[feeRecipientId] = feeRecipient;
                  } else {
                      unchecked {
                          fungibleTransfers.feeRecipients[++feeRecipientId] = feeRecipient;
                      }
                      fungibleTransfers.feeRecipientId = feeRecipientId;
                  }
              }
              address trader = order.trader;
              uint256 makerId = fungibleTransfers.makerId;
              address currentTrader = fungibleTransfers.makers[makerId];
              if (trader != currentTrader) {
                  if (currentTrader == address(0)) {
                      fungibleTransfers.makers[makerId] = trader;
                  } else {
                      unchecked {
                          fungibleTransfers.makers[++makerId] = trader;
                      }
                      fungibleTransfers.makerId = makerId;
                  }
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Compute all necessary fees to be taken
           * @param pricePerToken Price per token unit
           * @param takerAmount Number of token units taken (should only be greater than 1 for ERC1155)
           * @param fees Protocol and taker fee set by the transaction
           */
          function _computeFees(
              uint256 pricePerToken,
              uint256 takerAmount,
              FeeRate memory makerFee,
              Fees memory fees
          )
              internal
              pure
              returns (
                  uint256 totalPrice,
                  uint256 protocolFeeAmount,
                  uint256 makerFeeAmount,
                  uint256 takerFeeAmount
              )
          {
              totalPrice = pricePerToken * takerAmount;
              makerFeeAmount = (totalPrice * makerFee.rate) / _BASIS_POINTS;
              takerFeeAmount = (totalPrice * fees.takerFee.rate) / _BASIS_POINTS;
              protocolFeeAmount = (totalPrice * fees.protocolFee.rate) / _BASIS_POINTS;
          }
          /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                              EXECUTION FUNCTIONS
          //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
          /**
           * @notice Execute the transfers by first attempting the nonfungible transfers, for the successful transfers sum the fungible transfers by the recipients and execute
           * @param executionBatch Execution batch struct
           * @param fungibleTransfers Fungible transfers struct
           * @param fees Protocol, maker, taker fees (note: makerFee will be inaccurate at this point in execution)
           * @param orderType Order type
           */
          function _executeBatchTransfer(
              bytes memory executionBatch,
              FungibleTransfers memory fungibleTransfers,
              Fees memory fees,
              OrderType orderType
          ) internal {
              uint256 batchLength;
              assembly {
                  let calldataPointer := add(executionBatch, ExecutionBatch_calldata_offset)
                  batchLength := mload(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_length_offset))
              }
              if (batchLength > 0) {
                  bool[] memory successfulTransfers = _executeNonfungibleTransfers(
                      executionBatch,
                      batchLength
                  );
                  uint256 transfersLength = successfulTransfers.length;
                  for (uint256 i; i < transfersLength; ) {
                      if (successfulTransfers[i]) {
                          AtomicExecution memory execution = fungibleTransfers.executions[i];
                          FeeRate memory makerFee;
                          uint256 price;
                          unchecked {
                              if (orderType == OrderType.ASK) {
                                  fungibleTransfers.makerTransfers[execution.makerId] += execution
                                      .sellerAmount; // amount that needs to be sent *to* the order maker
                                  price =
                                      execution.sellerAmount +
                                      execution.protocolFeeAmount +
                                      execution.makerFeeAmount;
                              } else {
                                  fungibleTransfers.makerTransfers[execution.makerId] +=
                                      execution.protocolFeeAmount +
                                      execution.makerFeeAmount +
                                      execution.takerFeeAmount +
                                      execution.sellerAmount; // amount that needs to be taken *from* the order maker
                                  price =
                                      execution.sellerAmount +
                                      execution.protocolFeeAmount +
                                      execution.takerFeeAmount;
                              }
                              fungibleTransfers.totalSellerTransfer += execution.sellerAmount; // only for bids
                              fungibleTransfers.totalProtocolFee += execution.protocolFeeAmount;
                              fungibleTransfers.totalTakerFee += execution.takerFeeAmount;
                              fungibleTransfers.feeTransfers[execution.makerFeeRecipientId] += execution
                                  .makerFeeAmount;
                              makerFee = FeeRate(
                                  fungibleTransfers.feeRecipients[execution.makerFeeRecipientId],
                                  uint16((execution.makerFeeAmount * _BASIS_POINTS) / price)
                              );
                          }
                          /* Commit state updates. */
                          StateUpdate memory stateUpdate = fungibleTransfers.executions[i].stateUpdate;
                          {
                              address trader = stateUpdate.trader;
                              bytes32 hash = stateUpdate.hash;
                              uint256 index = stateUpdate.index;
                              uint256 _amountTaken = amountTaken[trader][hash][index];
                              uint256 newAmountTaken = _amountTaken + stateUpdate.value;
                              /* Overfulfilled Listings should be caught prior to inserting into the batch, but this check prevents any misuse. */
                              if (newAmountTaken <= stateUpdate.maxAmount) {
                                  amountTaken[trader][hash][index] = newAmountTaken;
                              } else {
                                  revert OrderFulfilled();
                              }
                          }
                          _emitExecutionEventFromBatch(
                              executionBatch,
                              price,
                              makerFee,
                              fees,
                              stateUpdate,
                              orderType,
                              i
                          );
                      }
                      unchecked {
                          ++i;
                      }
                  }
                  if (orderType == OrderType.ASK) {
                      /* Transfer the payments to the sellers. */
                      uint256 makersLength = fungibleTransfers.makerId + 1;
                      for (uint256 i; i < makersLength; ) {
                          _transferETH(fungibleTransfers.makers[i], fungibleTransfers.makerTransfers[i]);
                          unchecked {
                              ++i;
                          }
                      }
                      /* Transfer the fees to the fee recipients. */
                      uint256 feesLength = fungibleTransfers.feeRecipientId + 1;
                      for (uint256 i; i < feesLength; ) {
                          _transferETH(
                              fungibleTransfers.feeRecipients[i],
                              fungibleTransfers.feeTransfers[i]
                          );
                          unchecked {
                              ++i;
                          }
                      }
                      /* Transfer the protocol fees. */
                      _transferETH(fees.protocolFee.recipient, fungibleTransfers.totalProtocolFee);
                      /* Transfer the taker fees. */
                      _transferETH(fees.takerFee.recipient, fungibleTransfers.totalTakerFee);
                  } else {
                      /* Take the pool funds from the buyers. */
                      uint256 makersLength = fungibleTransfers.makerId + 1;
                      for (uint256 i; i < makersLength; ) {
                          _transferPool(
                              fungibleTransfers.makers[i],
                              address(this),
                              fungibleTransfers.makerTransfers[i]
                          );
                          unchecked {
                              ++i;
                          }
                      }
                      /* Transfer the payment to the seller. */
                      _transferPool(address(this), msg.sender, fungibleTransfers.totalSellerTransfer);
                      /* Transfer the fees to the fee recipients. */
                      uint256 feesLength = fungibleTransfers.feeRecipientId + 1;
                      for (uint256 i; i < feesLength; ) {
                          _transferPool(
                              address(this),
                              fungibleTransfers.feeRecipients[i],
                              fungibleTransfers.feeTransfers[i]
                          );
                          unchecked {
                              ++i;
                          }
                      }
                      /* Transfer the protocol fees. */
                      _transferPool(
                          address(this),
                          fees.protocolFee.recipient,
                          fungibleTransfers.totalProtocolFee
                      );
                      /* Transfer the taker fees. */
                      _transferPool(
                          address(this),
                          fees.takerFee.recipient,
                          fungibleTransfers.totalTakerFee
                      );
                  }
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Attempt to execute a series of nonfungible transfers through the delegate; reverts will be skipped
           * @param executionBatch Execution batch struct
           * @param batchIndex Current available transfer slot in the batch
           * @return Array indicating which transfers were successful
           */
          function _executeNonfungibleTransfers(
              bytes memory executionBatch,
              uint256 batchIndex
          ) internal returns (bool[] memory) {
              address delegate = _DELEGATE;
              /* Initialize the memory space for the successful transfers array returned from the Delegate call. */
              uint256 successfulTransfersPointer;
              assembly {
                  successfulTransfersPointer := mload(Memory_pointer)
                  /* Need to shift the free memory pointer ahead one word to account for the array pointer returned from the call. */
                  mstore(Memory_pointer, add(successfulTransfersPointer, One_word))
              }
              bool[] memory successfulTransfers = new bool[](batchIndex);
              assembly {
                  let size := mload(executionBatch)
                  let selectorPointer := add(executionBatch, ExecutionBatch_selector_offset)
                  mstore(selectorPointer, shr(Bytes4_shift, Delegate_transfer_selector))
                  let success := call(
                      gas(),
                      delegate,
                      0,
                      add(selectorPointer, Delegate_transfer_calldata_offset),
                      sub(size, Delegate_transfer_calldata_offset),
                      successfulTransfersPointer,
                      add(0x40, mul(batchIndex, One_word))
                  )
              }
              return successfulTransfers;
          }
          /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                              TRANSFER FUNCTIONS
          //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
          /**
           * @notice Transfer ETH
           * @param to Recipient address
           * @param amount Amount of ETH to send
           */
          function _transferETH(address to, uint256 amount) internal {
              if (amount > 0) {
                  bool success;
                  assembly {
                      success := call(gas(), to, amount, 0, 0, 0, 0)
                  }
                  if (!success) {
                      revert ETHTransferFailed();
                  }
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Transfer pool funds on behalf of a user
           * @param from Sender address
           * @param to Recipient address
           * @param amount Amount to send
           */
          function _transferPool(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal {
              if (amount > 0) {
                  bool success;
                  address pool = _POOL;
                  assembly {
                      let x := mload(Memory_pointer)
                      mstore(x, ERC20_transferFrom_selector)
                      mstore(add(x, ERC20_transferFrom_from_offset), from)
                      mstore(add(x, ERC20_transferFrom_to_offset), to)
                      mstore(add(x, ERC20_transferFrom_amount_offset), amount)
                      success := call(gas(), pool, 0, x, ERC20_transferFrom_size, 0, 0)
                  }
                  if (!success) {
                      revert PoolTransferFailed();
                  }
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Deposit ETH to user's pool funds
           * @param to Recipient address
           * @param amount Amount of ETH to deposit
           */
          function _depositPool(address to, uint256 amount) internal {
              bool success;
              address pool = _POOL;
              assembly {
                  let x := mload(Memory_pointer)
                  mstore(x, Pool_deposit_selector)
                  mstore(add(x, Pool_deposit_user_offset), to)
                  success := call(gas(), pool, amount, x, Pool_deposit_size, 0, 0)
              }
              if (!success) {
                  revert PoolDepositFailed();
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Withdraw ETH from user's pool funds
           * @param from Address to withdraw from
           * @param amount Amount of ETH to withdraw
           */
          function _withdrawFromPool(address from, uint256 amount) internal {
              bool success;
              address pool = _POOL;
              assembly {
                  let x := mload(Memory_pointer)
                  mstore(x, Pool_withdrawFrom_selector)
                  mstore(add(x, Pool_withdrawFrom_from_offset), from)
                  mstore(add(x, Pool_withdrawFrom_to_offset), address())
                  mstore(add(x, Pool_withdrawFrom_amount_offset), amount)
                  success := call(gas(), pool, 0, x, Pool_withdrawFrom_size, 0, 0)
              }
              if (!success) {
                  revert PoolWithdrawFromFailed();
              }
          }
          /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                EVENT EMITTERS
          //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
          /**
           * @notice Emit Execution event from a single execution
           * @param executionBatch Execution batch struct
           * @param price Price of the token purchased
           * @param fees Protocol, maker, and taker fees taken
           * @param stateUpdate Fulfillment to be recorded with a successful execution
           * @param orderType Order type
           * @param transferIndex Index of the transfer corresponding to the execution
           */
          function _emitExecutionEventFromBatch(
              bytes memory executionBatch,
              uint256 price,
              FeeRate memory makerFee,
              Fees memory fees,
              StateUpdate memory stateUpdate,
              OrderType orderType,
              uint256 transferIndex
          ) internal {
              Transfer memory transfer;
              assembly {
                  let calldataPointer := add(executionBatch, ExecutionBatch_calldata_offset)
                  let transfersOffset := mload(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_transfers_pointer_offset))
                  transfer := add(
                      add(calldataPointer, add(transfersOffset, One_word)),
                      mul(transferIndex, Transfer_size)
                  )
              }
              _emitOptimalExecutionEvent(
                  transfer,
                  stateUpdate.hash,
                  stateUpdate.index,
                  price,
                  makerFee,
                  fees,
                  orderType
              );
          }
          /**
           * @notice Emit the Execution event that minimizes the number of bytes in the log
           * @param transfer The nft transfer
           * @param orderHash Order hash
           * @param listingIndex Index of the listing being fulfilled within the order
           * @param price Price of the token purchased
           * @param makerFee Maker fees taken
           * @param fees Protocol, and taker fees taken
           * @param orderType Order type
           */
          function _emitOptimalExecutionEvent(
              Transfer memory transfer,
              bytes32 orderHash,
              uint256 listingIndex,
              uint256 price,
              FeeRate memory makerFee,
              Fees memory fees,
              OrderType orderType
          ) internal {
              if (
                  // see _insertNonfungibleTransfer; ERC721 transfers don't set the transfer amount,
                  // so we can assume the transfer amount and not check it
                  transfer.assetType == AssetType.ERC721 &&
                  fees.protocolFee.rate == 0 &&
                  transfer.id < 1 << (11 * 8) &&
                  listingIndex < 1 << (1 * 8) &&
                  price < 1 << (11 * 8)
              ) {
                  if (makerFee.rate == 0 && fees.takerFee.rate == 0) {
                      emit Execution721Packed(
                          orderHash,
                          packTokenIdListingIndexTrader(transfer.id, listingIndex, transfer.trader),
                          packTypePriceCollection(orderType, price, transfer.collection)
                      );
                      return;
                  } else if (makerFee.rate == 0) {
                      emit Execution721TakerFeePacked(
                          orderHash,
                          packTokenIdListingIndexTrader(transfer.id, listingIndex, transfer.trader),
                          packTypePriceCollection(orderType, price, transfer.collection),
                          packFee(fees.takerFee)
                      );
                      return;
                  } else if (fees.takerFee.rate == 0) {
                      emit Execution721MakerFeePacked(
                          orderHash,
                          packTokenIdListingIndexTrader(transfer.id, listingIndex, transfer.trader),
                          packTypePriceCollection(orderType, price, transfer.collection),
                          packFee(makerFee)
                      );
                      return;
                  }
              }
              emit Execution({
                  transfer: transfer,
                  orderHash: orderHash,
                  listingIndex: listingIndex,
                  price: price,
                  makerFee: makerFee,
                  fees: fees,
                  orderType: orderType
              });
          }
          /**
           * @notice Emit Execution event from a single execution
           * @param executionBatch Execution batch struct
           * @param order Order being fulfilled
           * @param listingIndex Index of the listing being fulfilled within the order
           * @param price Price of the token purchased
           * @param fees Protocol, and taker fees taken
           * @param orderType Order type
           */
          function _emitExecutionEvent(
              bytes memory executionBatch,
              Order memory order,
              uint256 listingIndex,
              uint256 price,
              Fees memory fees,
              OrderType orderType
          ) internal {
              Transfer memory transfer;
              assembly {
                  let calldataPointer := add(executionBatch, ExecutionBatch_calldata_offset)
                  let transfersOffset := mload(add(calldataPointer, ExecutionBatch_transfers_pointer_offset))
                  transfer := add(calldataPointer, add(transfersOffset, One_word))
              }
              _emitOptimalExecutionEvent(
                  transfer,
                  bytes32(order.salt),
                  listingIndex,
                  price,
                  order.makerFee,
                  fees,
                  orderType
              );
          }
          function packTokenIdListingIndexTrader(
              uint256 tokenId,
              uint256 listingIndex,
              address trader
          ) private pure returns (uint256) {
              return (tokenId << (21 * 8)) | (listingIndex << (20 * 8)) | uint160(trader);
          }
          function packTypePriceCollection(
              OrderType orderType,
              uint256 price,
              address collection
          ) private pure returns (uint256) {
              return (uint256(orderType) << (31 * 8)) | (price << (20 * 8)) | uint160(collection);
          }
          function packFee(FeeRate memory fee) private pure returns (uint256) {
              return (uint256(fee.rate) << (20 * 8)) | uint160(fee.recipient);
          }
          uint256[50] private __gap;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity 0.8.17;
      uint256 constant Bytes1_shift = 0xf8;
      uint256 constant Bytes4_shift = 0xe0;
      uint256 constant Bytes20_shift = 0x60;
      uint256 constant One_word = 0x20;
      uint256 constant Memory_pointer = 0x40;
      uint256 constant AssetType_ERC721 = 0;
      uint256 constant AssetType_ERC1155 = 1;
      uint256 constant OrderType_ASK = 0;
      uint256 constant OrderType_BID = 1;
      uint256 constant Pool_withdrawFrom_selector = 0x9555a94200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
      uint256 constant Pool_withdrawFrom_from_offset = 0x04;
      uint256 constant Pool_withdrawFrom_to_offset = 0x24;
      uint256 constant Pool_withdrawFrom_amount_offset = 0x44;
      uint256 constant Pool_withdrawFrom_size = 0x64;
      uint256 constant Pool_deposit_selector = 0xf340fa0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
      uint256 constant Pool_deposit_user_offset = 0x04;
      uint256 constant Pool_deposit_size = 0x24;
      uint256 constant ERC20_transferFrom_selector = 0x23b872dd00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
      uint256 constant ERC721_safeTransferFrom_selector = 0x42842e0e00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
      uint256 constant ERC1155_safeTransferFrom_selector = 0xf242432a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
      uint256 constant ERC20_transferFrom_size = 0x64;
      uint256 constant ERC721_safeTransferFrom_size = 0x64;
      uint256 constant ERC1155_safeTransferFrom_size = 0xc4;
      uint256 constant OracleSignatures_size = 0x59;
      uint256 constant OracleSignatures_s_offset = 0x20;
      uint256 constant OracleSignatures_v_offset = 0x40;
      uint256 constant OracleSignatures_blockNumber_offset = 0x41;
      uint256 constant OracleSignatures_oracle_offset = 0x45;
      uint256 constant Signatures_size = 0x41;
      uint256 constant Signatures_s_offset = 0x20;
      uint256 constant Signatures_v_offset = 0x40;
      uint256 constant ERC20_transferFrom_from_offset = 0x4;
      uint256 constant ERC20_transferFrom_to_offset = 0x24;
      uint256 constant ERC20_transferFrom_amount_offset = 0x44;
      uint256 constant ERC721_safeTransferFrom_from_offset = 0x4;
      uint256 constant ERC721_safeTransferFrom_to_offset = 0x24;
      uint256 constant ERC721_safeTransferFrom_id_offset = 0x44;
      uint256 constant ERC1155_safeTransferFrom_from_offset = 0x4;
      uint256 constant ERC1155_safeTransferFrom_to_offset = 0x24;
      uint256 constant ERC1155_safeTransferFrom_id_offset = 0x44;
      uint256 constant ERC1155_safeTransferFrom_amount_offset = 0x64;
      uint256 constant ERC1155_safeTransferFrom_data_pointer_offset = 0x84;
      uint256 constant ERC1155_safeTransferFrom_data_offset = 0xa4;
      uint256 constant Delegate_transfer_selector = 0xa1ccb98e00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
      uint256 constant Delegate_transfer_calldata_offset = 0x1c;
      uint256 constant Order_size = 0x100;
      uint256 constant Order_trader_offset = 0x00;
      uint256 constant Order_collection_offset = 0x20;
      uint256 constant Order_listingsRoot_offset = 0x40;
      uint256 constant Order_numberOfListings_offset = 0x60;
      uint256 constant Order_expirationTime_offset = 0x80;
      uint256 constant Order_assetType_offset = 0xa0;
      uint256 constant Order_makerFee_offset = 0xc0;
      uint256 constant Order_salt_offset = 0xe0;
      uint256 constant Exchange_size = 0x80;
      uint256 constant Exchange_askIndex_offset = 0x00;
      uint256 constant Exchange_proof_offset = 0x20;
      uint256 constant Exchange_maker_offset = 0x40;
      uint256 constant Exchange_taker_offset = 0x60;
      uint256 constant BidExchange_size = 0x80;
      uint256 constant BidExchange_askIndex_offset = 0x00;
      uint256 constant BidExchange_proof_offset = 0x20;
      uint256 constant BidExchange_maker_offset = 0x40;
      uint256 constant BidExchange_taker_offset = 0x60;
      uint256 constant Listing_size = 0x80;
      uint256 constant Listing_index_offset = 0x00;
      uint256 constant Listing_tokenId_offset = 0x20;
      uint256 constant Listing_amount_offset = 0x40;
      uint256 constant Listing_price_offset = 0x60;
      uint256 constant Taker_size = 0x40;
      uint256 constant Taker_tokenId_offset = 0x00;
      uint256 constant Taker_amount_offset = 0x20;
      uint256 constant StateUpdate_size = 0x80;
      uint256 constant StateUpdate_salt_offset = 0x20;
      uint256 constant StateUpdate_leaf_offset = 0x40;
      uint256 constant StateUpdate_value_offset = 0x60;
      uint256 constant Transfer_size = 0xa0;
      uint256 constant Transfer_trader_offset = 0x00;
      uint256 constant Transfer_id_offset = 0x20;
      uint256 constant Transfer_amount_offset = 0x40;
      uint256 constant Transfer_collection_offset = 0x60;
      uint256 constant Transfer_assetType_offset = 0x80;
      uint256 constant ExecutionBatch_selector_offset = 0x20;
      uint256 constant ExecutionBatch_calldata_offset = 0x40;
      uint256 constant ExecutionBatch_base_size = 0xa0; // size of the executionBatch without the flattened dynamic elements
      uint256 constant ExecutionBatch_taker_offset = 0x00;
      uint256 constant ExecutionBatch_orderType_offset = 0x20;
      uint256 constant ExecutionBatch_transfers_pointer_offset = 0x40;
      uint256 constant ExecutionBatch_length_offset = 0x60;
      uint256 constant ExecutionBatch_transfers_offset = 0x80;
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.17;
      struct TakeAsk {
          Order[] orders;
          Exchange[] exchanges;
          FeeRate takerFee;
          bytes signatures;
          address tokenRecipient;
      }
      struct TakeAskSingle {
          Order order;
          Exchange exchange;
          FeeRate takerFee;
          bytes signature;
          address tokenRecipient;
      }
      struct TakeBid {
          Order[] orders;
          Exchange[] exchanges;
          FeeRate takerFee;
          bytes signatures;
      }
      struct TakeBidSingle {
          Order order;
          Exchange exchange;
          FeeRate takerFee;
          bytes signature;
      }
      enum AssetType {
          ERC721,
          ERC1155
      }
      enum OrderType {
          ASK,
          BID
      }
      struct Exchange { // Size: 0x80
          uint256 index; // 0x00
          bytes32[] proof; // 0x20
          Listing listing; // 0x40
          Taker taker; // 0x60
      }
      struct Listing { // Size: 0x80
          uint256 index; // 0x00
          uint256 tokenId; // 0x20
          uint256 amount; // 0x40
          uint256 price; // 0x60
      }
      struct Taker { // Size: 0x40
          uint256 tokenId; // 0x00
          uint256 amount; // 0x20
      }
      struct Order { // Size: 0x100
          address trader; // 0x00
          address collection; // 0x20
          bytes32 listingsRoot; // 0x40
          uint256 numberOfListings; // 0x60
          uint256 expirationTime; // 0x80
          AssetType assetType; // 0xa0
          FeeRate makerFee; // 0xc0
          uint256 salt; // 0xe0
      }
      /*
      Reference only; struct is composed manually using calldata formatting in execution
      struct ExecutionBatch { // Size: 0x80
          address taker; // 0x00
          OrderType orderType; // 0x20
          Transfer[] transfers; // 0x40
          uint256 length; // 0x60
      }
      */
      struct Transfer { // Size: 0xa0
          address trader; // 0x00
          uint256 id; // 0x20
          uint256 amount; // 0x40
          address collection; // 0x60
          AssetType assetType; // 0x80
      }
      struct FungibleTransfers {
          uint256 totalProtocolFee;
          uint256 totalSellerTransfer;
          uint256 totalTakerFee;
          uint256 feeRecipientId;
          uint256 makerId;
          address[] feeRecipients;
          address[] makers;
          uint256[] makerTransfers;
          uint256[] feeTransfers;
          AtomicExecution[] executions;
      }
      struct AtomicExecution { // Size: 0xe0
          uint256 makerId; // 0x00
          uint256 sellerAmount; // 0x20
          uint256 makerFeeRecipientId; // 0x40
          uint256 makerFeeAmount; // 0x60
          uint256 takerFeeAmount; // 0x80
          uint256 protocolFeeAmount; // 0xa0
          StateUpdate stateUpdate; // 0xc0
      }
      struct StateUpdate { // Size: 0xa0
          address trader; // 0x00
          bytes32 hash; // 0x20
          uint256 index; // 0x40
          uint256 value; // 0x60
          uint256 maxAmount; // 0x80
      }
      struct Fees { // Size: 0x40
          FeeRate protocolFee; // 0x00
          FeeRate takerFee; // 0x20
      }
      struct FeeRate { // Size: 0x40
          address recipient; // 0x00
          uint16 rate; // 0x20
      }
      struct Cancel {
          bytes32 hash;
          uint256 index;
          uint256 amount;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity 0.8.17;
      import {
          TakeAsk,
          TakeBid,
          TakeAskSingle,
          TakeBidSingle,
          Order,
          Exchange,
          Fees,
          FeeRate,
          AssetType,
          OrderType,
          Transfer,
          FungibleTransfers,
          StateUpdate,
          Cancel,
          Listing
      } from "../lib/Structs.sol";
      interface IBlurExchangeV2 {
          error InsufficientFunds();
          error TokenTransferFailed();
          error InvalidOrder();
          error ProtocolFeeTooHigh();
          event NewProtocolFee(address indexed recipient, uint16 indexed rate);
          event NewGovernor(address indexed governor);
          event NewBlockRange(uint256 blockRange);
          event CancelTrade(address indexed user, bytes32 hash, uint256 index, uint256 amount);
          event NonceIncremented(address indexed user, uint256 newNonce);
          event SetOracle(address indexed user, bool approved);
          function initialize() external;
          function setProtocolFee(address recipient, uint16 rate) external;
          function setGovernor(address _governor) external;
          function setOracle(address oracle, bool approved) external;
          function setBlockRange(uint256 _blockRange) external;
          function cancelTrades(Cancel[] memory cancels) external;
          function incrementNonce() external;
          /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                EXECUTION WRAPPERS
          //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
          function takeAsk(TakeAsk memory inputs, bytes calldata oracleSignature) external payable;
          function takeBid(TakeBid memory inputs, bytes calldata oracleSignature) external;
          function takeAskSingle(TakeAskSingle memory inputs, bytes calldata oracleSignature) external payable;
          function takeBidSingle(TakeBidSingle memory inputs, bytes calldata oracleSignature) external;
          /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                              EXECUTION POOL WRAPPERS
          //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
          function takeAskSinglePool(
              TakeAskSingle memory inputs,
              bytes calldata oracleSignature,
              uint256 amountToWithdraw
          ) external payable;
          function takeAskPool(
              TakeAsk memory inputs,
              bytes calldata oracleSignature,
              uint256 amountToWithdraw
          ) external payable;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
      pragma solidity 0.8.17;
      /// @notice Upgradeable gas optimized reentrancy protection for smart contracts.
      /// @author Modified from Solmate (https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/main/src/utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol)
      abstract contract ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable {
          uint256 private locked;
          function __Reentrancy_init() internal {
              locked = 1;
          }
          modifier nonReentrant() virtual {
              require(locked == 1, "REENTRANCY");
              locked = 2;
              _;
              locked = 1;
          }
          uint256[49] private __gap;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
      import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
       * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
       * specific functions.
       *
       * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
       * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
       *
       * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
       * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
       * the owner.
       */
      abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
          address private _owner;
          event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
          /**
           * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
           */
          function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
              __Ownable_init_unchained();
          }
          function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
              _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
          }
          /**
           * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
           */
          modifier onlyOwner() {
              _checkOwner();
              _;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
           */
          function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
              return _owner;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
           */
          function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
              require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
           * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
           *
           * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
           * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
           */
          function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
              _transferOwnership(address(0));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
           * Can only be called by the current owner.
           */
          function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
              require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
              _transferOwnership(newOwner);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
           * Internal function without access restriction.
           */
          function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
              address oldOwner = _owner;
              _owner = newOwner;
              emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
          }
          /**
           * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
           * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
           * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
           */
          uint256[49] private __gap;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.1) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
      import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
      /**
       * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
       * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
       * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
       * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
       *
       * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
       * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
       * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
       *
       * For example:
       *
       * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
       * ```
       * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
       *     function initialize() initializer public {
       *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
       *     }
       * }
       * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
       *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
       *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
       *     }
       * }
       * ```
       *
       * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
       * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
       *
       * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
       * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
       *
       * [CAUTION]
       * ====
       * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
       *
       * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
       * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
       * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
       *
       * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
       * ```
       * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
       * constructor() {
       *     _disableInitializers();
       * }
       * ```
       * ====
       */
      abstract contract Initializable {
          /**
           * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
           * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
           */
          uint8 private _initialized;
          /**
           * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
           */
          bool private _initializing;
          /**
           * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
           */
          event Initialized(uint8 version);
          /**
           * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
           * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
           *
           * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
           * constructor.
           *
           * Emits an {Initialized} event.
           */
          modifier initializer() {
              bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
              require(
                  (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
                  "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
              );
              _initialized = 1;
              if (isTopLevelCall) {
                  _initializing = true;
              }
              _;
              if (isTopLevelCall) {
                  _initializing = false;
                  emit Initialized(1);
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
           * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
           * used to initialize parent contracts.
           *
           * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
           * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
           *
           * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
           * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
           *
           * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
           * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
           *
           * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
           *
           * Emits an {Initialized} event.
           */
          modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
              require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
              _initialized = version;
              _initializing = true;
              _;
              _initializing = false;
              emit Initialized(version);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
           * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
           */
          modifier onlyInitializing() {
              require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
              _;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
           * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
           * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
           * through proxies.
           *
           * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
           */
          function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
              require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
              if (_initialized < type(uint8).max) {
                  _initialized = type(uint8).max;
                  emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
           */
          function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
              return _initialized;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
           */
          function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
              return _initializing;
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
       * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
       * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
       * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
       * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
       * is concerned).
       *
       * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
       */
      abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
          function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
          }
          function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
          }
          function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
              return msg.sender;
          }
          function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
              return msg.data;
          }
          /**
           * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
           * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
           * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
           */
          uint256[50] private __gap;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
      /**
       * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
       */
      library AddressUpgradeable {
          /**
           * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
           *
           * [IMPORTANT]
           * ====
           * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
           * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
           *
           * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
           * types of addresses:
           *
           *  - an externally-owned account
           *  - a contract in construction
           *  - an address where a contract will be created
           *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
           * ====
           *
           * [IMPORTANT]
           * ====
           * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
           *
           * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
           * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
           * constructor.
           * ====
           */
          function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
              // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
              // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
              // of the constructor execution.
              return account.code.length > 0;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
           * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
           *
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
           * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
           * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
           * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
           *
           * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
           *
           * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
           * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
           * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
           * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
           */
          function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
              require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
              (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
              require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
           * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
           * function instead.
           *
           * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
           * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
           *
           * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
           * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `target` must be a contract.
           * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
           *
           * _Available since v3.1._
           */
          function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
           * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
           *
           * _Available since v3.1._
           */
          function functionCall(
              address target,
              bytes memory data,
              string memory errorMessage
          ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
           * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
           * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
           *
           * _Available since v3.1._
           */
          function functionCallWithValue(
              address target,
              bytes memory data,
              uint256 value
          ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
           * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
           *
           * _Available since v3.1._
           */
          function functionCallWithValue(
              address target,
              bytes memory data,
              uint256 value,
              string memory errorMessage
          ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
              (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
              return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
           * but performing a static call.
           *
           * _Available since v3.3._
           */
          function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
              return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
           * but performing a static call.
           *
           * _Available since v3.3._
           */
          function functionStaticCall(
              address target,
              bytes memory data,
              string memory errorMessage
          ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
              (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
              return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
           * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
           *
           * _Available since v4.8._
           */
          function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
              address target,
              bool success,
              bytes memory returndata,
              string memory errorMessage
          ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
              if (success) {
                  if (returndata.length == 0) {
                      // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                      // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                      require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                  }
                  return returndata;
              } else {
                  _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
           * revert reason or using the provided one.
           *
           * _Available since v4.3._
           */
          function verifyCallResult(
              bool success,
              bytes memory returndata,
              string memory errorMessage
          ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
              if (success) {
                  return returndata;
              } else {
                  _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
              }
          }
          function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
              // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
              if (returndata.length > 0) {
                  // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                      revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                  }
              } else {
                  revert(errorMessage);
              }
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
       * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
       */
      interface IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable {
          /**
           * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
           * address.
           *
           * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
           * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
           * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
           */
          function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.3) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
      import "../beacon/IBeaconUpgradeable.sol";
      import "../../interfaces/IERC1967Upgradeable.sol";
      import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol";
      import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
      import "../../utils/StorageSlotUpgradeable.sol";
      import "../utils/Initializable.sol";
      /**
       * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
       * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
       *
       * _Available since v4.1._
       *
       * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow delegatecall
       */
      abstract contract ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable is Initializable, IERC1967Upgradeable {
          function __ERC1967Upgrade_init() internal onlyInitializing {
          }
          function __ERC1967Upgrade_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
          }
          // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
          bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;
          /**
           * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
           * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
           * validated in the constructor.
           */
          bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
          /**
           * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
           */
          function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
              return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
           */
          function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
              require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
              StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
           *
           * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
           */
          function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
              _setImplementation(newImplementation);
              emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
           *
           * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
           */
          function _upgradeToAndCall(
              address newImplementation,
              bytes memory data,
              bool forceCall
          ) internal {
              _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
              if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                  _functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
           *
           * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
           */
          function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(
              address newImplementation,
              bytes memory data,
              bool forceCall
          ) internal {
              // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
              // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
              // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
              if (StorageSlotUpgradeable.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
                  _setImplementation(newImplementation);
              } else {
                  try IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                      require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
                  } catch {
                      revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
                  }
                  _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
           * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
           * validated in the constructor.
           */
          bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
          /**
           * @dev Returns the current admin.
           */
          function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
              return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
           */
          function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
              require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
              StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
           *
           * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
           */
          function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
              emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
              _setAdmin(newAdmin);
          }
          /**
           * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
           * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
           */
          bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
          /**
           * @dev Returns the current beacon.
           */
          function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
              return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
           */
          function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
              require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
              require(
                  AddressUpgradeable.isContract(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation()),
                  "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
              );
              StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
           * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
           *
           * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
           */
          function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(
              address newBeacon,
              bytes memory data,
              bool forceCall
          ) internal {
              _setBeacon(newBeacon);
              emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
              if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                  _functionDelegateCall(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
           * but performing a delegate call.
           *
           * _Available since v3.4._
           */
          function _functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) private returns (bytes memory) {
              require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
              // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
              (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
              return AddressUpgradeable.verifyCallResult(success, returndata, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
          }
          /**
           * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
           * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
           * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
           */
          uint256[50] private __gap;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
       */
      interface IBeaconUpgradeable {
          /**
           * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
           *
           * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
           */
          function implementation() external view returns (address);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.3) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
       *
       * _Available since v4.9._
       */
      interface IERC1967Upgradeable {
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
           */
          event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
           */
          event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
           */
          event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
       *
       * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
       * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
       *
       * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
       *
       * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
       * ```
       * contract ERC1967 {
       *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
       *
       *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
       *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
       *     }
       *
       *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
       *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
       *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
       *     }
       * }
       * ```
       *
       * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, and `uint256`._
       */
      library StorageSlotUpgradeable {
          struct AddressSlot {
              address value;
          }
          struct BooleanSlot {
              bool value;
          }
          struct Bytes32Slot {
              bytes32 value;
          }
          struct Uint256Slot {
              uint256 value;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
           */
          function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  r.slot := slot
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
           */
          function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  r.slot := slot
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
           */
          function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  r.slot := slot
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
           */
          function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  r.slot := slot
              }
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity 0.8.17;
      import { MerkleProof } from "lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol";
      import { Signatures } from "./Signatures.sol";
      import { AssetType, Order, Exchange, Listing, OrderType, FeeRate, Fees, Taker } from "./lib/Structs.sol";
      import { IValidation } from "./interfaces/IValidation.sol";
      abstract contract Validation is IValidation, Signatures {
          uint256 internal constant _BASIS_POINTS = 10_000;
          uint256 internal constant _MAX_PROTOCOL_FEE_RATE = 250;
          FeeRate public protocolFee;
          /* amountTaken[user][orderHash][listingIndex] */
          mapping(address => mapping(bytes32 => mapping(uint256 => uint256))) public amountTaken;
          constructor(address proxy) Signatures(proxy) {}
          /**
           * @notice Check if an order has expired
           * @param order Order to check liveness
           * @return Order is live
           */
          function _checkLiveness(Order memory order) private view returns (bool) {
              return (order.expirationTime > block.timestamp);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Check that the fees to be taken will not overflow the purchase price
           * @param makerFee Maker fee amount
           * @param fees Protocol and taker fee rates
           * @return Fees are valid
           */
          function _checkFee(FeeRate memory makerFee, Fees memory fees) private pure returns (bool) {
              return makerFee.rate + fees.takerFee.rate + fees.protocolFee.rate <= _BASIS_POINTS;
          }
          /**
           * @notice Validate a list of orders and prepare arrays for recording pending fulfillments
           * @param orders List of orders
           * @param orderType Order type for all orders
           * @param signatures Bytes array of the order signatures
           * @param fees Protocol and taker fee rates
           */
          function _validateOrders(
              Order[] memory orders,
              OrderType orderType,
              bytes memory signatures,
              Fees memory fees
          ) internal view returns (bool[] memory validOrders, uint256[][] memory pendingAmountTaken) {
              uint256 ordersLength = orders.length;
              validOrders = new bool[](ordersLength);
              pendingAmountTaken = new uint256[][](ordersLength);
              for (uint256 i; i < ordersLength; ) {
                  pendingAmountTaken[i] = new uint256[](orders[i].numberOfListings);
                  validOrders[i] = _validateOrder(orders[i], orderType, signatures, fees, i);
                  unchecked {
                      ++i;
                  }
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Validate an order
           * @param order Order to validate
           * @param orderType Order type
           * @param signatures Bytes array of order signatures
           * @param fees Protocol and taker fee rates
           * @param signatureIndex Index of the order signature
           * @return Validity of the order
           */
          function _validateOrder(
              Order memory order,
              OrderType orderType,
              bytes memory signatures,
              Fees memory fees,
              uint256 signatureIndex
          ) internal view returns (bool) {
              bytes32 orderHash = hashOrder(order, orderType);
              /* After hashing, the salt is no longer needed so we can store the order hash here. */
              order.salt = uint256(orderHash);
              return _verifyAuthorization(
                  order.trader,
                  orderHash,
                  signatures,
                  signatureIndex
              ) &&
                  _checkLiveness(order) &&
                  _checkFee(order.makerFee, fees);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Validate a listing (only valid if the order has be prevalidated)
           * @dev Validation can be manipulated by inputting the same order twice in the orders array,
           * which will effectively bypass the `pendingAmountTaken` check. There is a safety check at the
           * execution phase that will revert the transaction if this manipulation overdraws an order.
           * @param order Order of the listing
           * @param orderType Order type
           * @param exchange Exchange containing the listing
           * @param validOrders List indicated which orders were validated
           * @param pendingAmountTaken Pending fulfillments from the current batch
           * @return validListing Validity of the listing
           */
          function _validateListingFromBatch(
              Order memory order,
              OrderType orderType,
              Exchange memory exchange,
              bool[] memory validOrders,
              uint256[][] memory pendingAmountTaken
          ) internal view returns (bool validListing) {
              Listing memory listing = exchange.listing;
              uint256 listingIndex = listing.index;
              uint256 amountTaken = amountTaken[order.trader][bytes32(order.salt)][listingIndex];
              uint256 pendingAmountTaken = pendingAmountTaken[exchange.index][listingIndex];
              uint256 takerAmount = exchange.taker.amount;
              unchecked {
                  validListing =
                      validOrders[exchange.index] &&
                      _validateListing(order, orderType, exchange) &&
                      pendingAmountTaken + takerAmount <= type(uint256).max - amountTaken &&
                      amountTaken + pendingAmountTaken + takerAmount <= listing.amount;
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Validate a listing and its proposed exchange
           * @param order Order of the listing
           * @param orderType Order type
           * @param exchange Exchange containing the listing
           * @return validListing Validity of the listing and its proposed exchange
           */
          function _validateListing(
              Order memory order,
              OrderType orderType,
              Exchange memory exchange
          ) private pure returns (bool validListing) {
              Listing memory listing = exchange.listing;
              validListing = MerkleProof.verify(exchange.proof, order.listingsRoot, hashListing(listing));
              Taker memory taker = exchange.taker;
              if (orderType == OrderType.ASK) {
                  if (order.assetType == AssetType.ERC721) {
                      validListing = validListing && taker.amount == 1 && listing.amount == 1;
                  }
                  validListing = validListing && listing.tokenId == taker.tokenId;
              } else {
                  if (order.assetType == AssetType.ERC721) {
                      validListing = validListing && taker.amount == 1;
                  } else {
                      validListing = validListing && listing.tokenId == taker.tokenId;
                  }
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Validate both the listing and it's parent order (only for single executions)
           * @param order Order of the listing
           * @param orderType Order type
           * @param exchange Exchange containing the listing
           * @param signature Order signature
           * @param fees Protocol and taker fee rates
           * @return Validity of the order and listing
           */
          function _validateOrderAndListing(
              Order memory order,
              OrderType orderType,
              Exchange memory exchange,
              bytes memory signature,
              Fees memory fees
          ) internal view returns (bool) {
              Listing memory listing = exchange.listing;
              uint256 listingIndex = listing.index;
              return
                  _validateOrder(order, orderType, signature, fees, 0) &&
                  _validateListing(order, orderType, exchange) &&
                  amountTaken[order.trader][bytes32(order.salt)][listingIndex] + exchange.taker.amount <=
                  listing.amount;
          }
          uint256[49] private __gap;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity 0.8.17;
      import { AssetType, OrderType, Transfer } from "../lib/Structs.sol";
      interface IDelegate {
          function transfer(
              address caller,
              OrderType orderType,
              Transfer[] calldata transfers,
              uint256 length
          ) external returns (bool[] memory successful);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity 0.8.17;
      import {
          Fees,
          FeeRate,
          Transfer,
          OrderType
      } from "../lib/Structs.sol";
      interface IExecutor {
          error ETHTransferFailed();
          error PoolTransferFailed();
          error PoolWithdrawFromFailed();
          error PoolDepositFailed();
          error OrderFulfilled();
          event Execution(
              Transfer transfer,
              bytes32 orderHash,
              uint256 listingIndex,
              uint256 price,
              FeeRate makerFee,
              Fees fees,
              OrderType orderType
          );
          event Execution721Packed(
              bytes32 orderHash,
              uint256 tokenIdListingIndexTrader,
              uint256 collectionPriceSide
          );
          event Execution721TakerFeePacked(
              bytes32 orderHash,
              uint256 tokenIdListingIndexTrader,
              uint256 collectionPriceSide,
              uint256 takerFeeRecipientRate
          );
          event Execution721MakerFeePacked(
              bytes32 orderHash,
              uint256 tokenIdListingIndexTrader,
              uint256 collectionPriceSide,
              uint256 makerFeeRecipientRate
          );
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev These functions deal with verification of Merkle Tree proofs.
       *
       * The tree and the proofs can be generated using our
       * https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/merkle-tree[JavaScript library].
       * You will find a quickstart guide in the readme.
       *
       * WARNING: You should avoid using leaf values that are 64 bytes long prior to
       * hashing, or use a hash function other than keccak256 for hashing leaves.
       * This is because the concatenation of a sorted pair of internal nodes in
       * the merkle tree could be reinterpreted as a leaf value.
       * OpenZeppelin's JavaScript library generates merkle trees that are safe
       * against this attack out of the box.
       */
      library MerkleProof {
          /**
           * @dev Returns true if a `leaf` can be proved to be a part of a Merkle tree
           * defined by `root`. For this, a `proof` must be provided, containing
           * sibling hashes on the branch from the leaf to the root of the tree. Each
           * pair of leaves and each pair of pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
           */
          function verify(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
              return processProof(proof, leaf) == root;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Calldata version of {verify}
           *
           * _Available since v4.7._
           */
          function verifyCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
              return processProofCalldata(proof, leaf) == root;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the rebuilt hash obtained by traversing a Merkle tree up
           * from `leaf` using `proof`. A `proof` is valid if and only if the rebuilt
           * hash matches the root of the tree. When processing the proof, the pairs
           * of leafs & pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
           *
           * _Available since v4.4._
           */
          function processProof(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
              bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
              for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
                  computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
              }
              return computedHash;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Calldata version of {processProof}
           *
           * _Available since v4.7._
           */
          function processProofCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
              bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
              for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
                  computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
              }
              return computedHash;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns true if the `leaves` can be simultaneously proven to be a part of a merkle tree defined by
           * `root`, according to `proof` and `proofFlags` as described in {processMultiProof}.
           *
           * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
           *
           * _Available since v4.7._
           */
          function multiProofVerify(
              bytes32[] memory proof,
              bool[] memory proofFlags,
              bytes32 root,
              bytes32[] memory leaves
          ) internal pure returns (bool) {
              return processMultiProof(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Calldata version of {multiProofVerify}
           *
           * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
           *
           * _Available since v4.7._
           */
          function multiProofVerifyCalldata(
              bytes32[] calldata proof,
              bool[] calldata proofFlags,
              bytes32 root,
              bytes32[] memory leaves
          ) internal pure returns (bool) {
              return processMultiProofCalldata(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the root of a tree reconstructed from `leaves` and sibling nodes in `proof`. The reconstruction
           * proceeds by incrementally reconstructing all inner nodes by combining a leaf/inner node with either another
           * leaf/inner node or a proof sibling node, depending on whether each `proofFlags` item is true or false
           * respectively.
           *
           * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. To use multiproofs, it is sufficient to ensure that: 1) the tree
           * is complete (but not necessarily perfect), 2) the leaves to be proven are in the opposite order they are in the
           * tree (i.e., as seen from right to left starting at the deepest layer and continuing at the next layer).
           *
           * _Available since v4.7._
           */
          function processMultiProof(
              bytes32[] memory proof,
              bool[] memory proofFlags,
              bytes32[] memory leaves
          ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
              // This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
              // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
              // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
              // the merkle tree.
              uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
              uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;
              // Check proof validity.
              require(leavesLen + proof.length - 1 == totalHashes, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");
              // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
              // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
              bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
              uint256 leafPos = 0;
              uint256 hashPos = 0;
              uint256 proofPos = 0;
              // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
              // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
              //   get the next hash.
              // - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
              //   `proof` array.
              for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
                  bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
                  bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
                      ? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
                      : proof[proofPos++];
                  hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
              }
              if (totalHashes > 0) {
                  unchecked {
                      return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
                  }
              } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
                  return leaves[0];
              } else {
                  return proof[0];
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Calldata version of {processMultiProof}.
           *
           * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
           *
           * _Available since v4.7._
           */
          function processMultiProofCalldata(
              bytes32[] calldata proof,
              bool[] calldata proofFlags,
              bytes32[] memory leaves
          ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
              // This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
              // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
              // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
              // the merkle tree.
              uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
              uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;
              // Check proof validity.
              require(leavesLen + proof.length - 1 == totalHashes, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");
              // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
              // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
              bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
              uint256 leafPos = 0;
              uint256 hashPos = 0;
              uint256 proofPos = 0;
              // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
              // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
              //   get the next hash.
              // - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
              //   `proof` array.
              for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
                  bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
                  bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
                      ? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
                      : proof[proofPos++];
                  hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
              }
              if (totalHashes > 0) {
                  unchecked {
                      return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
                  }
              } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
                  return leaves[0];
              } else {
                  return proof[0];
              }
          }
          function _hashPair(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32) {
              return a < b ? _efficientHash(a, b) : _efficientHash(b, a);
          }
          function _efficientHash(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32 value) {
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  mstore(0x00, a)
                  mstore(0x20, b)
                  value := keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
              }
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity 0.8.17;
      import "./lib/Constants.sol";
      import {
          TakeAsk,
          TakeBid,
          TakeAskSingle,
          TakeBidSingle,
          FeeRate,
          Order,
          OrderType,
          AssetType,
          Listing
      } from "./lib/Structs.sol";
      import { ISignatures } from "./interfaces/ISignatures.sol";
      abstract contract Signatures is ISignatures {
          string private constant _NAME = "Blur Exchange";
          string private constant _VERSION = "1.0";
          bytes32 private immutable _FEE_RATE_TYPEHASH;
          bytes32 private immutable _ORDER_TYPEHASH;
          bytes32 private immutable _DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
          mapping(address => uint256) public oracles;
          mapping(address => uint256) public nonces;
          uint256 public blockRange;
          constructor(address proxy) {
              (_FEE_RATE_TYPEHASH, _ORDER_TYPEHASH, _DOMAIN_SEPARATOR) = _createTypehashes(proxy);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Verify the domain separator produced during deployment of the implementation matches that of the proxy
           */
          function verifyDomain() public view {
              bytes32 eip712DomainTypehash = keccak256(
                  bytes.concat(
                      "EIP712Domain(",
                      "string name,",
                      "string version,",
                      "uint256 chainId,",
                      "address verifyingContract",
                      ")"
                  )
              );
              bytes32 domainSeparator = _hashDomain(
                  eip712DomainTypehash,
                  keccak256(bytes(_NAME)),
                  keccak256(bytes(_VERSION)),
                  address(this)
              );
              if (_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR != domainSeparator) {
                  revert InvalidDomain();
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Return version and domain separator
           */
          function information() external view returns (string memory version, bytes32 domainSeparator) {
              version = _VERSION;
              domainSeparator = _DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
          }
          /**
           * @notice Create a hash of TakeAsk calldata with an approved caller
           * @param inputs TakeAsk inputs
           * @param _caller Address approved to execute the calldata
           * @return Calldata hash
           */
          function hashTakeAsk(TakeAsk memory inputs, address _caller) external pure returns (bytes32) {
              return _hashCalldata(_caller);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Create a hash of TakeBid calldata with an approved caller
           * @param inputs TakeBid inputs
           * @param _caller Address approved to execute the calldata
           * @return Calldata hash
           */
          function hashTakeBid(TakeBid memory inputs, address _caller) external pure returns (bytes32) {
              return _hashCalldata(_caller);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Create a hash of TakeAskSingle calldata with an approved caller
           * @param inputs TakeAskSingle inputs
           * @param _caller Address approved to execute the calldata
           * @return Calldata hash
           */
          function hashTakeAskSingle(
              TakeAskSingle memory inputs,
              address _caller
          ) external pure returns (bytes32) {
              return _hashCalldata(_caller);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Create a hash of TakeBidSingle calldata with an approved caller
           * @param inputs TakeBidSingle inputs
           * @param _caller Address approved to execute the calldata
           * @return Calldata hash
           */
          function hashTakeBidSingle(
              TakeBidSingle memory inputs,
              address _caller
          ) external pure returns (bytes32) {
              return _hashCalldata(_caller);
          }
          /**
           * @notice Create an EIP712 hash of an Order
           * @dev Includes two additional parameters not in the struct (orderType, nonce)
           * @param order Order to hash
           * @param orderType OrderType of the Order
           * @return Order EIP712 hash
           */
          function hashOrder(Order memory order, OrderType orderType) public view returns (bytes32) {
              return
                  keccak256(
                      abi.encode(
                          _ORDER_TYPEHASH,
                          order.trader,
                          order.collection,
                          order.listingsRoot,
                          order.numberOfListings,
                          order.expirationTime,
                          order.assetType,
                          _hashFeeRate(order.makerFee),
                          order.salt,
                          orderType,
                          nonces[order.trader]
                      )
                  );
          }
          /**
           * @notice Create a hash of a Listing struct
           * @param listing Listing to hash
           * @return Listing hash
           */
          function hashListing(Listing memory listing) public pure returns (bytes32) {
              return keccak256(abi.encode(listing.index, listing.tokenId, listing.amount, listing.price));
          }
          /**
           * @notice Create a hash of calldata with an approved caller
           * @param _caller Address approved to execute the calldata
           * @return hash Calldata hash
           */
          function _hashCalldata(address _caller) internal pure returns (bytes32 hash) {
              assembly {
                  let nextPointer := mload(0x40)
                  let size := add(sub(nextPointer, 0x80), 0x20)
                  mstore(nextPointer, _caller)
                  hash := keccak256(0x80, size)
              }
          }
          /**
           * @notice Create an EIP712 hash of a FeeRate struct
           * @param feeRate FeeRate to hash
           * @return FeeRate EIP712 hash
           */
          function _hashFeeRate(FeeRate memory feeRate) private view returns (bytes32) {
              return keccak256(abi.encode(_FEE_RATE_TYPEHASH, feeRate.recipient, feeRate.rate));
          }
          /**
           * @notice Create an EIP712 hash to sign
           * @param hash Primary EIP712 object hash
           * @return EIP712 hash
           */
          function _hashToSign(bytes32 hash) private view returns (bytes32) {
              return keccak256(bytes.concat(bytes2(0x1901), _DOMAIN_SEPARATOR, hash));
          }
          /**
           * @notice Generate all EIP712 Typehashes
           */
          function _createTypehashes(
              address proxy
          )
              private
              view
              returns (bytes32 feeRateTypehash, bytes32 orderTypehash, bytes32 domainSeparator)
          {
              bytes32 eip712DomainTypehash = keccak256(
                  bytes.concat(
                      "EIP712Domain(",
                      "string name,",
                      "string version,",
                      "uint256 chainId,",
                      "address verifyingContract",
                      ")"
                  )
              );
              bytes memory feeRateTypestring = "FeeRate(address recipient,uint16 rate)";
              orderTypehash = keccak256(
                  bytes.concat(
                      "Order(",
                      "address trader,",
                      "address collection,",
                      "bytes32 listingsRoot,",
                      "uint256 numberOfListings,",
                      "uint256 expirationTime,",
                      "uint8 assetType,",
                      "FeeRate makerFee,",
                      "uint256 salt,",
                      "uint8 orderType,",
                      "uint256 nonce",
                      ")",
                      feeRateTypestring
                  )
              );
              feeRateTypehash = keccak256(feeRateTypestring);
              domainSeparator = _hashDomain(
                  eip712DomainTypehash,
                  keccak256(bytes(_NAME)),
                  keccak256(bytes(_VERSION)),
                  proxy
              );
          }
          /**
           * @notice Create an EIP712 domain separator
           * @param eip712DomainTypehash Typehash of the EIP712Domain struct
           * @param nameHash Hash of the contract name
           * @param versionHash Hash of the version string
           * @param proxy Address of the proxy this implementation will be behind
           * @return EIP712Domain hash
           */
          function _hashDomain(
              bytes32 eip712DomainTypehash,
              bytes32 nameHash,
              bytes32 versionHash,
              address proxy
          ) private view returns (bytes32) {
              return
                  keccak256(
                      abi.encode(eip712DomainTypehash, nameHash, versionHash, block.chainid, proxy)
                  );
          }
          /**
           * @notice Verify EIP712 signature
           * @param signer Address of the alleged signer
           * @param hash EIP712 hash
           * @param signatures Packed bytes array of order signatures
           * @param index Index of the signature to verify
           * @return authorized Validity of the signature
           */
          function _verifyAuthorization(
              address signer,
              bytes32 hash,
              bytes memory signatures,
              uint256 index
          ) internal view returns (bool authorized) {
              bytes32 hashToSign = _hashToSign(hash);
              bytes32 r;
              bytes32 s;
              uint8 v;
              assembly {
                  let signatureOffset := add(add(signatures, One_word), mul(Signatures_size, index))
                  r := mload(signatureOffset)
                  s := mload(add(signatureOffset, Signatures_s_offset))
                  v := shr(Bytes1_shift, mload(add(signatureOffset, Signatures_v_offset)))
              }
              authorized = _verify(signer, hashToSign, v, r, s);
          }
          modifier verifyOracleSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes calldata oracleSignature) {
              bytes32 r;
              bytes32 s;
              uint8 v;
              uint32 blockNumber;
              address oracle;
              assembly {
                  let signatureOffset := oracleSignature.offset
                  r := calldataload(signatureOffset)
                  s := calldataload(add(signatureOffset, OracleSignatures_s_offset))
                  v := shr(Bytes1_shift, calldataload(add(signatureOffset, OracleSignatures_v_offset)))
                  blockNumber := shr(
                      Bytes4_shift,
                      calldataload(add(signatureOffset, OracleSignatures_blockNumber_offset))
                  )
                  oracle := shr(
                      Bytes20_shift,
                      calldataload(add(signatureOffset, OracleSignatures_oracle_offset))
                  )
              }
              if (blockNumber + blockRange < block.number) {
                  revert ExpiredOracleSignature();
              }
              if (oracles[oracle] == 0) {
                  revert UnauthorizedOracle();
              }
              if (!_verify(oracle, keccak256(abi.encodePacked(hash, blockNumber)), v, r, s)) {
                  revert InvalidOracleSignature();
              }
              _;
          }
          /**
           * @notice Verify signature of digest
           * @param signer Address of expected signer
           * @param digest Signature digest
           * @param v v parameter
           * @param r r parameter
           * @param s s parameter
           */
          function _verify(
              address signer,
              bytes32 digest,
              uint8 v,
              bytes32 r,
              bytes32 s
          ) private pure returns (bool valid) {
              address recoveredSigner = ecrecover(digest, v, r, s);
              if (recoveredSigner != address(0) && recoveredSigner == signer) {
                  valid = true;
              }
          }
          uint256[47] private __gap;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity 0.8.17;
      import { FeeRate } from "../lib/Structs.sol";
      interface IValidation {
          function protocolFee() external view returns (address, uint16);
          function amountTaken(address user, bytes32 hash, uint256 listingIndex) external view returns (uint256);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity 0.8.17;
      import {
          TakeAsk,
          TakeBid,
          TakeAskSingle,
          TakeBidSingle,
          Order,
          OrderType,
          Listing
      } from "../lib/Structs.sol";
      interface ISignatures {
          error Unauthorized();
          error ExpiredOracleSignature();
          error UnauthorizedOracle();
          error InvalidOracleSignature();
          error InvalidDomain();
          function oracles(address oracle) external view returns (uint256);
          function nonces(address user) external view returns (uint256);
          function blockRange() external view returns (uint256);
          function verifyDomain() external view;
          function information() external view returns (string memory version, bytes32 domainSeparator);
          function hashListing(Listing memory listing) external pure returns (bytes32);
          function hashOrder(Order memory order, OrderType orderType) external view returns (bytes32);
          function hashTakeAsk(TakeAsk memory inputs, address _caller) external pure returns (bytes32);
          function hashTakeBid(TakeBid memory inputs, address _caller) external pure returns (bytes32);
          function hashTakeAskSingle(TakeAskSingle memory inputs, address _caller) external pure returns (bytes32);
          function hashTakeBidSingle(TakeBidSingle memory inputs, address _caller) external pure returns (bytes32);
      }