ETH Price: $2,627.53 (+1.31%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
13915359 at Dec-31-2021 08:55:42 PM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.006662587565824427 ETH $17.51
Gas Used:
84,841 Gas / 78.530280947 Gwei

Emitted Events:

36 CrowdfundProxy.Transfer( from=[Receiver] GnosisSafeProxy, to=0x03A7e4E9B4196933b44F5Ce49c87B7526f6f2CA3, value=41000000000000000000 )
37 GnosisSafeProxy.0x442e715f626346e8c54381002da614f62bee8d27386535b2521ec8540898556e( 0x442e715f626346e8c54381002da614f62bee8d27386535b2521ec8540898556e, b5dead146c3eeee7c966ed7f5de412ca62731fd188f05a01b0afbca79ec65fff, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
0x1040259f...eBD2d3511
0.256712942589043757 Eth
Nonce: 653
0.25005035502321933 Eth
Nonce: 654
0.006662587565824427
(Hiveon Pool)
9,251.997473671081761607 Eth9,251.997685773581761607 Eth0.0002121025
0x7Fee6e7F...3D6aD4940
0xB96E81f8...5DBE71937

Execution Trace

GnosisSafeProxy.6a761202( )
  • GnosisSafe.execTransaction( to=0x7Fee6e7FAf98af42eb83f3aA882d99D3D6aD4940, value=0, data=0xA9059CBB00000000000000000000000003A7E4E9B4196933B44F5CE49C87B7526F6F2CA300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000238FD42C5CF040000, operation=0, safeTxGas=0, baseGas=0, gasPrice=0, gasToken=0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000, refundReceiver=0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000, signatures=0x153715B3F279EF30ECE17DF9E8B28D0B397D6E42FC6B3784B89408CC57F38EB75BA4ED2464D7B4B78D663F8D8988C4BD68C7191F858FB2578D25D6603A9DD6A01CF385AEE73076D73075A99CE9B5E20F0BF066F544AE9C0A4C9B4F1ABBDDCED0331974D666CFA91E789B1AA4305B07E702BA6207A953B3B3CC243B95D729C4FB9C1CB5B4497613D9F4A0883A22BDA43DF933CD6409F98C762BA8D2A8A3F33B898CFD36598DE5B2200F16A3EF4DD2D47E0ED80A4287DFF5A35552F77D55BF925129BD1C ) => ( success=True )
    • Null: 0x000...001.b5dead14( )
    • Null: 0x000...001.b5dead14( )
    • Null: 0x000...001.b5dead14( )
    • CrowdfundProxy.a9059cbb( )
      • CrowdfundLogic.transfer( to=0x03A7e4E9B4196933b44F5Ce49c87B7526f6f2CA3, value=41000000000000000000 ) => ( True )
        File 1 of 4: GnosisSafeProxy
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
        pragma solidity 0.6.0;
        
        /// @title GnosisSafeProxy - Generic proxy contract allows to execute all transactions applying the code of a master contract.
        /// @author Stefan George - <[email protected]>
        /// @author Richard Meissner - <[email protected]>
        contract GnosisSafeProxy {
        
            // masterCopy always needs to be first declared variable, to ensure that it is at the same location in the contracts to which calls are delegated.
            // To reduce deployment costs this variable is internal and needs to be retrieved via `getStorageAt`
            address internal masterCopy;
        
            /// @dev Constructor function sets address of master copy contract.
            /// @param _masterCopy Master copy address.
            constructor(address _masterCopy)
                public
            {
                require(_masterCopy != address(0), "Invalid master copy address provided");
                masterCopy = _masterCopy;
            }
        
            /// @dev Fallback function forwards all transactions and returns all received return data.
            fallback ()
                external
                payable
            {
                // solium-disable-next-line security/no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    let mc := and(sload(0), 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff)
                    // 0xa619486e == keccak("masterCopy()"). The value is right padded to 32-bytes with 0s
                    if eq(calldataload(0), 0xa619486e00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) {
                        mstore(0, mc)
                        return(0, 0x20)
                    }
                    calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                    let success := delegatecall(gas(), mc, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                    returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                    if eq(success, 0) { revert(0, returndatasize()) }
                    return(0, returndatasize())
                }
            }
        }

        File 2 of 4: CrowdfundProxy
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
        pragma solidity 0.8.6;
        import {CrowdfundStorage} from "./CrowdfundStorage.sol";
        import {ERC20Storage} from "../../../external/ERC20Storage.sol";
        import {IERC20Events} from "../../../external/interface/IERC20.sol";
        interface ICrowdfundFactory {
            function mediaAddress() external returns (address);
            function logic() external returns (address);
            // ERC20 data.
            function parameters()
                external
                returns (
                    address payable fundingRecipient,
                    uint256 fundingCap,
                    uint256 operatorPercent,
                    uint256 feePercentage
                );
        }
        /**
         * @title CrowdfundProxy
         * @author MirrorXYZ
         */
        contract CrowdfundProxy is CrowdfundStorage, ERC20Storage, IERC20Events {
            event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
            /**
             * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
             * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
             * validated in the constructor.
             */
            bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT =
                0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
            constructor(
                address treasuryConfig_,
                address payable operator_,
                string memory name_,
                string memory symbol_
            ) ERC20Storage(name_, symbol_) {
                address logic = ICrowdfundFactory(msg.sender).logic();
                assembly {
                    sstore(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, logic)
                }
                emit Upgraded(logic);
                // Crowdfund-specific data.
                (
                    fundingRecipient,
                    fundingCap,
                    operatorPercent,
                    feePercentage
                ) = ICrowdfundFactory(msg.sender).parameters();
                operator = operator_;
                treasuryConfig = treasuryConfig_;
                // Initialize mutable storage.
                status = Status.FUNDING;
            }
            /// @notice Get current logic
            function logic() external view returns (address logic_) {
                assembly {
                    logic_ := sload(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT)
                }
            }
            fallback() external payable {
                assembly {
                    let ptr := mload(0x40)
                    calldatacopy(ptr, 0, calldatasize())
                    let result := delegatecall(
                        gas(),
                        sload(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT),
                        ptr,
                        calldatasize(),
                        0,
                        0
                    )
                    let size := returndatasize()
                    returndatacopy(ptr, 0, size)
                    switch result
                    case 0 {
                        revert(ptr, size)
                    }
                    default {
                        return(ptr, size)
                    }
                }
            }
            receive() external payable {}
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
        pragma solidity 0.8.6;
        /**
         * @title CrowdfundStorage
         * @author MirrorXYZ
         */
        contract CrowdfundStorage {
            /**
             * @notice The two states that this contract can exist in.
             * "FUNDING" allows contributors to add funds.
             */
            enum Status {
                FUNDING,
                TRADING
            }
            // ============ Constants ============
            /// @notice The factor by which ETH contributions will multiply into crowdfund tokens.
            uint16 internal constant TOKEN_SCALE = 1000;
            // ============ Reentrancy ============
            /// @notice Reentrancy constants.
            uint256 internal constant REENTRANCY_NOT_ENTERED = 1;
            uint256 internal constant REENTRANCY_ENTERED = 2;
            /// @notice Current reentrancy status -- used by the modifier.
            uint256 internal reentrancy_status;
            /// @notice The operator has a special role to change contract status.
            address payable public operator;
            /// @notice Receives the funds when calling withdraw. Operator can configure.
            address payable public fundingRecipient;
            /// @notice Treasury configuration.
            address public treasuryConfig;
            /// @notice We add a hard cap to prevent raising more funds than deemed reasonable.
            uint256 public fundingCap;
            /// @notice Fee percentage that the crowdfund pays to the treasury.
            uint256 public feePercentage;
            /// @notice The operator takes some equity in the tokens, represented by this percent.
            uint256 public operatorPercent;
            // ============ Mutable Storage ============
            /// @notice Represents the current state of the campaign.
            Status public status;
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
        pragma solidity 0.8.6;
        /**
         * @title ERC20Storage
         * @author MirrorXYZ
         */
        contract ERC20Storage {
            /// @notice EIP-20 token name for this token
            string public name;
            /// @notice EIP-20 token symbol for this token
            string public symbol;
            /// @notice EIP-20 total number of tokens in circulation
            uint256 public totalSupply;
            /// @notice Initialize total supply to zero.
            constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
                name = name_;
                symbol = symbol_;
                totalSupply = 0;
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
        pragma solidity 0.8.6;
        interface IERC20 {
            /// @notice EIP-20 token name for this token
            function name() external returns (string calldata);
            /// @notice EIP-20 token symbol for this token
            function symbol() external returns (string calldata);
            /// @notice EIP-20 token decimals for this token
            function decimals() external returns (uint8);
            /// @notice EIP-20 total number of tokens in circulation
            function totalSupply() external returns (uint256);
            /// @notice EIP-20 official record of token balances for each account
            function balanceOf(address account) external returns (uint256);
            /// @notice EIP-20 allowance amounts on behalf of others
            function allowance(address owner, address spender)
                external
                returns (uint256);
            /// @notice EIP-20 approves _spender_ to transfer up to _value_ multiple times
            function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
            /// @notice EIP-20 transfer _value_ to _to_ from _msg.sender_
            function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
            /// @notice EIP-20 transfer _value_ to _to_ from _from_
            function transferFrom(
                address from,
                address to,
                uint256 value
            ) external returns (bool);
        }
        interface IERC20Events {
            /// @notice EIP-20 Mint event
            event Mint(address indexed to, uint256 amount);
            /// @notice EIP-20 approval event
            event Approval(
                address indexed from,
                address indexed spender,
                uint256 value
            );
            /// @notice EIP-20 transfer event
            event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
        }
        

        File 3 of 4: GnosisSafe
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        import "./base/ModuleManager.sol";
        import "./base/OwnerManager.sol";
        import "./base/FallbackManager.sol";
        import "./base/GuardManager.sol";
        import "./common/EtherPaymentFallback.sol";
        import "./common/Singleton.sol";
        import "./common/SignatureDecoder.sol";
        import "./common/SecuredTokenTransfer.sol";
        import "./common/StorageAccessible.sol";
        import "./interfaces/ISignatureValidator.sol";
        import "./external/GnosisSafeMath.sol";
        /// @title Gnosis Safe - A multisignature wallet with support for confirmations using signed messages based on ERC191.
        /// @author Stefan George - <[email protected]>
        /// @author Richard Meissner - <[email protected]>
        contract GnosisSafe is
            EtherPaymentFallback,
            Singleton,
            ModuleManager,
            OwnerManager,
            SignatureDecoder,
            SecuredTokenTransfer,
            ISignatureValidatorConstants,
            FallbackManager,
            StorageAccessible,
            GuardManager
        {
            using GnosisSafeMath for uint256;
            string public constant VERSION = "1.3.0";
            // keccak256(
            //     "EIP712Domain(uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"
            // );
            bytes32 private constant DOMAIN_SEPARATOR_TYPEHASH = 0x47e79534a245952e8b16893a336b85a3d9ea9fa8c573f3d803afb92a79469218;
            // keccak256(
            //     "SafeTx(address to,uint256 value,bytes data,uint8 operation,uint256 safeTxGas,uint256 baseGas,uint256 gasPrice,address gasToken,address refundReceiver,uint256 nonce)"
            // );
            bytes32 private constant SAFE_TX_TYPEHASH = 0xbb8310d486368db6bd6f849402fdd73ad53d316b5a4b2644ad6efe0f941286d8;
            event SafeSetup(address indexed initiator, address[] owners, uint256 threshold, address initializer, address fallbackHandler);
            event ApproveHash(bytes32 indexed approvedHash, address indexed owner);
            event SignMsg(bytes32 indexed msgHash);
            event ExecutionFailure(bytes32 txHash, uint256 payment);
            event ExecutionSuccess(bytes32 txHash, uint256 payment);
            uint256 public nonce;
            bytes32 private _deprecatedDomainSeparator;
            // Mapping to keep track of all message hashes that have been approve by ALL REQUIRED owners
            mapping(bytes32 => uint256) public signedMessages;
            // Mapping to keep track of all hashes (message or transaction) that have been approve by ANY owners
            mapping(address => mapping(bytes32 => uint256)) public approvedHashes;
            // This constructor ensures that this contract can only be used as a master copy for Proxy contracts
            constructor() {
                // By setting the threshold it is not possible to call setup anymore,
                // so we create a Safe with 0 owners and threshold 1.
                // This is an unusable Safe, perfect for the singleton
                threshold = 1;
            }
            /// @dev Setup function sets initial storage of contract.
            /// @param _owners List of Safe owners.
            /// @param _threshold Number of required confirmations for a Safe transaction.
            /// @param to Contract address for optional delegate call.
            /// @param data Data payload for optional delegate call.
            /// @param fallbackHandler Handler for fallback calls to this contract
            /// @param paymentToken Token that should be used for the payment (0 is ETH)
            /// @param payment Value that should be paid
            /// @param paymentReceiver Adddress that should receive the payment (or 0 if tx.origin)
            function setup(
                address[] calldata _owners,
                uint256 _threshold,
                address to,
                bytes calldata data,
                address fallbackHandler,
                address paymentToken,
                uint256 payment,
                address payable paymentReceiver
            ) external {
                // setupOwners checks if the Threshold is already set, therefore preventing that this method is called twice
                setupOwners(_owners, _threshold);
                if (fallbackHandler != address(0)) internalSetFallbackHandler(fallbackHandler);
                // As setupOwners can only be called if the contract has not been initialized we don't need a check for setupModules
                setupModules(to, data);
                if (payment > 0) {
                    // To avoid running into issues with EIP-170 we reuse the handlePayment function (to avoid adjusting code of that has been verified we do not adjust the method itself)
                    // baseGas = 0, gasPrice = 1 and gas = payment => amount = (payment + 0) * 1 = payment
                    handlePayment(payment, 0, 1, paymentToken, paymentReceiver);
                }
                emit SafeSetup(msg.sender, _owners, _threshold, to, fallbackHandler);
            }
            /// @dev Allows to execute a Safe transaction confirmed by required number of owners and then pays the account that submitted the transaction.
            ///      Note: The fees are always transferred, even if the user transaction fails.
            /// @param to Destination address of Safe transaction.
            /// @param value Ether value of Safe transaction.
            /// @param data Data payload of Safe transaction.
            /// @param operation Operation type of Safe transaction.
            /// @param safeTxGas Gas that should be used for the Safe transaction.
            /// @param baseGas Gas costs that are independent of the transaction execution(e.g. base transaction fee, signature check, payment of the refund)
            /// @param gasPrice Gas price that should be used for the payment calculation.
            /// @param gasToken Token address (or 0 if ETH) that is used for the payment.
            /// @param refundReceiver Address of receiver of gas payment (or 0 if tx.origin).
            /// @param signatures Packed signature data ({bytes32 r}{bytes32 s}{uint8 v})
            function execTransaction(
                address to,
                uint256 value,
                bytes calldata data,
                Enum.Operation operation,
                uint256 safeTxGas,
                uint256 baseGas,
                uint256 gasPrice,
                address gasToken,
                address payable refundReceiver,
                bytes memory signatures
            ) public payable virtual returns (bool success) {
                bytes32 txHash;
                // Use scope here to limit variable lifetime and prevent `stack too deep` errors
                {
                    bytes memory txHashData =
                        encodeTransactionData(
                            // Transaction info
                            to,
                            value,
                            data,
                            operation,
                            safeTxGas,
                            // Payment info
                            baseGas,
                            gasPrice,
                            gasToken,
                            refundReceiver,
                            // Signature info
                            nonce
                        );
                    // Increase nonce and execute transaction.
                    nonce++;
                    txHash = keccak256(txHashData);
                    checkSignatures(txHash, txHashData, signatures);
                }
                address guard = getGuard();
                {
                    if (guard != address(0)) {
                        Guard(guard).checkTransaction(
                            // Transaction info
                            to,
                            value,
                            data,
                            operation,
                            safeTxGas,
                            // Payment info
                            baseGas,
                            gasPrice,
                            gasToken,
                            refundReceiver,
                            // Signature info
                            signatures,
                            msg.sender
                        );
                    }
                }
                // We require some gas to emit the events (at least 2500) after the execution and some to perform code until the execution (500)
                // We also include the 1/64 in the check that is not send along with a call to counteract potential shortings because of EIP-150
                require(gasleft() >= ((safeTxGas * 64) / 63).max(safeTxGas + 2500) + 500, "GS010");
                // Use scope here to limit variable lifetime and prevent `stack too deep` errors
                {
                    uint256 gasUsed = gasleft();
                    // If the gasPrice is 0 we assume that nearly all available gas can be used (it is always more than safeTxGas)
                    // We only substract 2500 (compared to the 3000 before) to ensure that the amount passed is still higher than safeTxGas
                    success = execute(to, value, data, operation, gasPrice == 0 ? (gasleft() - 2500) : safeTxGas);
                    gasUsed = gasUsed.sub(gasleft());
                    // If no safeTxGas and no gasPrice was set (e.g. both are 0), then the internal tx is required to be successful
                    // This makes it possible to use `estimateGas` without issues, as it searches for the minimum gas where the tx doesn't revert
                    require(success || safeTxGas != 0 || gasPrice != 0, "GS013");
                    // We transfer the calculated tx costs to the tx.origin to avoid sending it to intermediate contracts that have made calls
                    uint256 payment = 0;
                    if (gasPrice > 0) {
                        payment = handlePayment(gasUsed, baseGas, gasPrice, gasToken, refundReceiver);
                    }
                    if (success) emit ExecutionSuccess(txHash, payment);
                    else emit ExecutionFailure(txHash, payment);
                }
                {
                    if (guard != address(0)) {
                        Guard(guard).checkAfterExecution(txHash, success);
                    }
                }
            }
            function handlePayment(
                uint256 gasUsed,
                uint256 baseGas,
                uint256 gasPrice,
                address gasToken,
                address payable refundReceiver
            ) private returns (uint256 payment) {
                // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-tx-origin
                address payable receiver = refundReceiver == address(0) ? payable(tx.origin) : refundReceiver;
                if (gasToken == address(0)) {
                    // For ETH we will only adjust the gas price to not be higher than the actual used gas price
                    payment = gasUsed.add(baseGas).mul(gasPrice < tx.gasprice ? gasPrice : tx.gasprice);
                    require(receiver.send(payment), "GS011");
                } else {
                    payment = gasUsed.add(baseGas).mul(gasPrice);
                    require(transferToken(gasToken, receiver, payment), "GS012");
                }
            }
            /**
             * @dev Checks whether the signature provided is valid for the provided data, hash. Will revert otherwise.
             * @param dataHash Hash of the data (could be either a message hash or transaction hash)
             * @param data That should be signed (this is passed to an external validator contract)
             * @param signatures Signature data that should be verified. Can be ECDSA signature, contract signature (EIP-1271) or approved hash.
             */
            function checkSignatures(
                bytes32 dataHash,
                bytes memory data,
                bytes memory signatures
            ) public view {
                // Load threshold to avoid multiple storage loads
                uint256 _threshold = threshold;
                // Check that a threshold is set
                require(_threshold > 0, "GS001");
                checkNSignatures(dataHash, data, signatures, _threshold);
            }
            /**
             * @dev Checks whether the signature provided is valid for the provided data, hash. Will revert otherwise.
             * @param dataHash Hash of the data (could be either a message hash or transaction hash)
             * @param data That should be signed (this is passed to an external validator contract)
             * @param signatures Signature data that should be verified. Can be ECDSA signature, contract signature (EIP-1271) or approved hash.
             * @param requiredSignatures Amount of required valid signatures.
             */
            function checkNSignatures(
                bytes32 dataHash,
                bytes memory data,
                bytes memory signatures,
                uint256 requiredSignatures
            ) public view {
                // Check that the provided signature data is not too short
                require(signatures.length >= requiredSignatures.mul(65), "GS020");
                // There cannot be an owner with address 0.
                address lastOwner = address(0);
                address currentOwner;
                uint8 v;
                bytes32 r;
                bytes32 s;
                uint256 i;
                for (i = 0; i < requiredSignatures; i++) {
                    (v, r, s) = signatureSplit(signatures, i);
                    if (v == 0) {
                        // If v is 0 then it is a contract signature
                        // When handling contract signatures the address of the contract is encoded into r
                        currentOwner = address(uint160(uint256(r)));
                        // Check that signature data pointer (s) is not pointing inside the static part of the signatures bytes
                        // This check is not completely accurate, since it is possible that more signatures than the threshold are send.
                        // Here we only check that the pointer is not pointing inside the part that is being processed
                        require(uint256(s) >= requiredSignatures.mul(65), "GS021");
                        // Check that signature data pointer (s) is in bounds (points to the length of data -> 32 bytes)
                        require(uint256(s).add(32) <= signatures.length, "GS022");
                        // Check if the contract signature is in bounds: start of data is s + 32 and end is start + signature length
                        uint256 contractSignatureLen;
                        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                        assembly {
                            contractSignatureLen := mload(add(add(signatures, s), 0x20))
                        }
                        require(uint256(s).add(32).add(contractSignatureLen) <= signatures.length, "GS023");
                        // Check signature
                        bytes memory contractSignature;
                        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                        assembly {
                            // The signature data for contract signatures is appended to the concatenated signatures and the offset is stored in s
                            contractSignature := add(add(signatures, s), 0x20)
                        }
                        require(ISignatureValidator(currentOwner).isValidSignature(data, contractSignature) == EIP1271_MAGIC_VALUE, "GS024");
                    } else if (v == 1) {
                        // If v is 1 then it is an approved hash
                        // When handling approved hashes the address of the approver is encoded into r
                        currentOwner = address(uint160(uint256(r)));
                        // Hashes are automatically approved by the sender of the message or when they have been pre-approved via a separate transaction
                        require(msg.sender == currentOwner || approvedHashes[currentOwner][dataHash] != 0, "GS025");
                    } else if (v > 30) {
                        // If v > 30 then default va (27,28) has been adjusted for eth_sign flow
                        // To support eth_sign and similar we adjust v and hash the messageHash with the Ethereum message prefix before applying ecrecover
                        currentOwner = ecrecover(keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
        32", dataHash)), v - 4, r, s);
                    } else {
                        // Default is the ecrecover flow with the provided data hash
                        // Use ecrecover with the messageHash for EOA signatures
                        currentOwner = ecrecover(dataHash, v, r, s);
                    }
                    require(currentOwner > lastOwner && owners[currentOwner] != address(0) && currentOwner != SENTINEL_OWNERS, "GS026");
                    lastOwner = currentOwner;
                }
            }
            /// @dev Allows to estimate a Safe transaction.
            ///      This method is only meant for estimation purpose, therefore the call will always revert and encode the result in the revert data.
            ///      Since the `estimateGas` function includes refunds, call this method to get an estimated of the costs that are deducted from the safe with `execTransaction`
            /// @param to Destination address of Safe transaction.
            /// @param value Ether value of Safe transaction.
            /// @param data Data payload of Safe transaction.
            /// @param operation Operation type of Safe transaction.
            /// @return Estimate without refunds and overhead fees (base transaction and payload data gas costs).
            /// @notice Deprecated in favor of common/StorageAccessible.sol and will be removed in next version.
            function requiredTxGas(
                address to,
                uint256 value,
                bytes calldata data,
                Enum.Operation operation
            ) external returns (uint256) {
                uint256 startGas = gasleft();
                // We don't provide an error message here, as we use it to return the estimate
                require(execute(to, value, data, operation, gasleft()));
                uint256 requiredGas = startGas - gasleft();
                // Convert response to string and return via error message
                revert(string(abi.encodePacked(requiredGas)));
            }
            /**
             * @dev Marks a hash as approved. This can be used to validate a hash that is used by a signature.
             * @param hashToApprove The hash that should be marked as approved for signatures that are verified by this contract.
             */
            function approveHash(bytes32 hashToApprove) external {
                require(owners[msg.sender] != address(0), "GS030");
                approvedHashes[msg.sender][hashToApprove] = 1;
                emit ApproveHash(hashToApprove, msg.sender);
            }
            /// @dev Returns the chain id used by this contract.
            function getChainId() public view returns (uint256) {
                uint256 id;
                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    id := chainid()
                }
                return id;
            }
            function domainSeparator() public view returns (bytes32) {
                return keccak256(abi.encode(DOMAIN_SEPARATOR_TYPEHASH, getChainId(), this));
            }
            /// @dev Returns the bytes that are hashed to be signed by owners.
            /// @param to Destination address.
            /// @param value Ether value.
            /// @param data Data payload.
            /// @param operation Operation type.
            /// @param safeTxGas Gas that should be used for the safe transaction.
            /// @param baseGas Gas costs for that are independent of the transaction execution(e.g. base transaction fee, signature check, payment of the refund)
            /// @param gasPrice Maximum gas price that should be used for this transaction.
            /// @param gasToken Token address (or 0 if ETH) that is used for the payment.
            /// @param refundReceiver Address of receiver of gas payment (or 0 if tx.origin).
            /// @param _nonce Transaction nonce.
            /// @return Transaction hash bytes.
            function encodeTransactionData(
                address to,
                uint256 value,
                bytes calldata data,
                Enum.Operation operation,
                uint256 safeTxGas,
                uint256 baseGas,
                uint256 gasPrice,
                address gasToken,
                address refundReceiver,
                uint256 _nonce
            ) public view returns (bytes memory) {
                bytes32 safeTxHash =
                    keccak256(
                        abi.encode(
                            SAFE_TX_TYPEHASH,
                            to,
                            value,
                            keccak256(data),
                            operation,
                            safeTxGas,
                            baseGas,
                            gasPrice,
                            gasToken,
                            refundReceiver,
                            _nonce
                        )
                    );
                return abi.encodePacked(bytes1(0x19), bytes1(0x01), domainSeparator(), safeTxHash);
            }
            /// @dev Returns hash to be signed by owners.
            /// @param to Destination address.
            /// @param value Ether value.
            /// @param data Data payload.
            /// @param operation Operation type.
            /// @param safeTxGas Fas that should be used for the safe transaction.
            /// @param baseGas Gas costs for data used to trigger the safe transaction.
            /// @param gasPrice Maximum gas price that should be used for this transaction.
            /// @param gasToken Token address (or 0 if ETH) that is used for the payment.
            /// @param refundReceiver Address of receiver of gas payment (or 0 if tx.origin).
            /// @param _nonce Transaction nonce.
            /// @return Transaction hash.
            function getTransactionHash(
                address to,
                uint256 value,
                bytes calldata data,
                Enum.Operation operation,
                uint256 safeTxGas,
                uint256 baseGas,
                uint256 gasPrice,
                address gasToken,
                address refundReceiver,
                uint256 _nonce
            ) public view returns (bytes32) {
                return keccak256(encodeTransactionData(to, value, data, operation, safeTxGas, baseGas, gasPrice, gasToken, refundReceiver, _nonce));
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        import "../common/Enum.sol";
        /// @title Executor - A contract that can execute transactions
        /// @author Richard Meissner - <[email protected]>
        contract Executor {
            function execute(
                address to,
                uint256 value,
                bytes memory data,
                Enum.Operation operation,
                uint256 txGas
            ) internal returns (bool success) {
                if (operation == Enum.Operation.DelegateCall) {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                    assembly {
                        success := delegatecall(txGas, to, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0)
                    }
                } else {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                    assembly {
                        success := call(txGas, to, value, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        import "../common/SelfAuthorized.sol";
        /// @title Fallback Manager - A contract that manages fallback calls made to this contract
        /// @author Richard Meissner - <[email protected]>
        contract FallbackManager is SelfAuthorized {
            event ChangedFallbackHandler(address handler);
            // keccak256("fallback_manager.handler.address")
            bytes32 internal constant FALLBACK_HANDLER_STORAGE_SLOT = 0x6c9a6c4a39284e37ed1cf53d337577d14212a4870fb976a4366c693b939918d5;
            function internalSetFallbackHandler(address handler) internal {
                bytes32 slot = FALLBACK_HANDLER_STORAGE_SLOT;
                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    sstore(slot, handler)
                }
            }
            /// @dev Allows to add a contract to handle fallback calls.
            ///      Only fallback calls without value and with data will be forwarded.
            ///      This can only be done via a Safe transaction.
            /// @param handler contract to handle fallbacks calls.
            function setFallbackHandler(address handler) public authorized {
                internalSetFallbackHandler(handler);
                emit ChangedFallbackHandler(handler);
            }
            // solhint-disable-next-line payable-fallback,no-complex-fallback
            fallback() external {
                bytes32 slot = FALLBACK_HANDLER_STORAGE_SLOT;
                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    let handler := sload(slot)
                    if iszero(handler) {
                        return(0, 0)
                    }
                    calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                    // The msg.sender address is shifted to the left by 12 bytes to remove the padding
                    // Then the address without padding is stored right after the calldata
                    mstore(calldatasize(), shl(96, caller()))
                    // Add 20 bytes for the address appended add the end
                    let success := call(gas(), handler, 0, 0, add(calldatasize(), 20), 0, 0)
                    returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                    if iszero(success) {
                        revert(0, returndatasize())
                    }
                    return(0, returndatasize())
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        import "../common/Enum.sol";
        import "../common/SelfAuthorized.sol";
        interface Guard {
            function checkTransaction(
                address to,
                uint256 value,
                bytes memory data,
                Enum.Operation operation,
                uint256 safeTxGas,
                uint256 baseGas,
                uint256 gasPrice,
                address gasToken,
                address payable refundReceiver,
                bytes memory signatures,
                address msgSender
            ) external;
            function checkAfterExecution(bytes32 txHash, bool success) external;
        }
        /// @title Fallback Manager - A contract that manages fallback calls made to this contract
        /// @author Richard Meissner - <[email protected]>
        contract GuardManager is SelfAuthorized {
            event ChangedGuard(address guard);
            // keccak256("guard_manager.guard.address")
            bytes32 internal constant GUARD_STORAGE_SLOT = 0x4a204f620c8c5ccdca3fd54d003badd85ba500436a431f0cbda4f558c93c34c8;
            /// @dev Set a guard that checks transactions before execution
            /// @param guard The address of the guard to be used or the 0 address to disable the guard
            function setGuard(address guard) external authorized {
                bytes32 slot = GUARD_STORAGE_SLOT;
                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    sstore(slot, guard)
                }
                emit ChangedGuard(guard);
            }
            function getGuard() internal view returns (address guard) {
                bytes32 slot = GUARD_STORAGE_SLOT;
                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    guard := sload(slot)
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        import "../common/Enum.sol";
        import "../common/SelfAuthorized.sol";
        import "./Executor.sol";
        /// @title Module Manager - A contract that manages modules that can execute transactions via this contract
        /// @author Stefan George - <[email protected]>
        /// @author Richard Meissner - <[email protected]>
        contract ModuleManager is SelfAuthorized, Executor {
            event EnabledModule(address module);
            event DisabledModule(address module);
            event ExecutionFromModuleSuccess(address indexed module);
            event ExecutionFromModuleFailure(address indexed module);
            address internal constant SENTINEL_MODULES = address(0x1);
            mapping(address => address) internal modules;
            function setupModules(address to, bytes memory data) internal {
                require(modules[SENTINEL_MODULES] == address(0), "GS100");
                modules[SENTINEL_MODULES] = SENTINEL_MODULES;
                if (to != address(0))
                    // Setup has to complete successfully or transaction fails.
                    require(execute(to, 0, data, Enum.Operation.DelegateCall, gasleft()), "GS000");
            }
            /// @dev Allows to add a module to the whitelist.
            ///      This can only be done via a Safe transaction.
            /// @notice Enables the module `module` for the Safe.
            /// @param module Module to be whitelisted.
            function enableModule(address module) public authorized {
                // Module address cannot be null or sentinel.
                require(module != address(0) && module != SENTINEL_MODULES, "GS101");
                // Module cannot be added twice.
                require(modules[module] == address(0), "GS102");
                modules[module] = modules[SENTINEL_MODULES];
                modules[SENTINEL_MODULES] = module;
                emit EnabledModule(module);
            }
            /// @dev Allows to remove a module from the whitelist.
            ///      This can only be done via a Safe transaction.
            /// @notice Disables the module `module` for the Safe.
            /// @param prevModule Module that pointed to the module to be removed in the linked list
            /// @param module Module to be removed.
            function disableModule(address prevModule, address module) public authorized {
                // Validate module address and check that it corresponds to module index.
                require(module != address(0) && module != SENTINEL_MODULES, "GS101");
                require(modules[prevModule] == module, "GS103");
                modules[prevModule] = modules[module];
                modules[module] = address(0);
                emit DisabledModule(module);
            }
            /// @dev Allows a Module to execute a Safe transaction without any further confirmations.
            /// @param to Destination address of module transaction.
            /// @param value Ether value of module transaction.
            /// @param data Data payload of module transaction.
            /// @param operation Operation type of module transaction.
            function execTransactionFromModule(
                address to,
                uint256 value,
                bytes memory data,
                Enum.Operation operation
            ) public virtual returns (bool success) {
                // Only whitelisted modules are allowed.
                require(msg.sender != SENTINEL_MODULES && modules[msg.sender] != address(0), "GS104");
                // Execute transaction without further confirmations.
                success = execute(to, value, data, operation, gasleft());
                if (success) emit ExecutionFromModuleSuccess(msg.sender);
                else emit ExecutionFromModuleFailure(msg.sender);
            }
            /// @dev Allows a Module to execute a Safe transaction without any further confirmations and return data
            /// @param to Destination address of module transaction.
            /// @param value Ether value of module transaction.
            /// @param data Data payload of module transaction.
            /// @param operation Operation type of module transaction.
            function execTransactionFromModuleReturnData(
                address to,
                uint256 value,
                bytes memory data,
                Enum.Operation operation
            ) public returns (bool success, bytes memory returnData) {
                success = execTransactionFromModule(to, value, data, operation);
                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    // Load free memory location
                    let ptr := mload(0x40)
                    // We allocate memory for the return data by setting the free memory location to
                    // current free memory location + data size + 32 bytes for data size value
                    mstore(0x40, add(ptr, add(returndatasize(), 0x20)))
                    // Store the size
                    mstore(ptr, returndatasize())
                    // Store the data
                    returndatacopy(add(ptr, 0x20), 0, returndatasize())
                    // Point the return data to the correct memory location
                    returnData := ptr
                }
            }
            /// @dev Returns if an module is enabled
            /// @return True if the module is enabled
            function isModuleEnabled(address module) public view returns (bool) {
                return SENTINEL_MODULES != module && modules[module] != address(0);
            }
            /// @dev Returns array of modules.
            /// @param start Start of the page.
            /// @param pageSize Maximum number of modules that should be returned.
            /// @return array Array of modules.
            /// @return next Start of the next page.
            function getModulesPaginated(address start, uint256 pageSize) external view returns (address[] memory array, address next) {
                // Init array with max page size
                array = new address[](pageSize);
                // Populate return array
                uint256 moduleCount = 0;
                address currentModule = modules[start];
                while (currentModule != address(0x0) && currentModule != SENTINEL_MODULES && moduleCount < pageSize) {
                    array[moduleCount] = currentModule;
                    currentModule = modules[currentModule];
                    moduleCount++;
                }
                next = currentModule;
                // Set correct size of returned array
                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore(array, moduleCount)
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        import "../common/SelfAuthorized.sol";
        /// @title OwnerManager - Manages a set of owners and a threshold to perform actions.
        /// @author Stefan George - <[email protected]>
        /// @author Richard Meissner - <[email protected]>
        contract OwnerManager is SelfAuthorized {
            event AddedOwner(address owner);
            event RemovedOwner(address owner);
            event ChangedThreshold(uint256 threshold);
            address internal constant SENTINEL_OWNERS = address(0x1);
            mapping(address => address) internal owners;
            uint256 internal ownerCount;
            uint256 internal threshold;
            /// @dev Setup function sets initial storage of contract.
            /// @param _owners List of Safe owners.
            /// @param _threshold Number of required confirmations for a Safe transaction.
            function setupOwners(address[] memory _owners, uint256 _threshold) internal {
                // Threshold can only be 0 at initialization.
                // Check ensures that setup function can only be called once.
                require(threshold == 0, "GS200");
                // Validate that threshold is smaller than number of added owners.
                require(_threshold <= _owners.length, "GS201");
                // There has to be at least one Safe owner.
                require(_threshold >= 1, "GS202");
                // Initializing Safe owners.
                address currentOwner = SENTINEL_OWNERS;
                for (uint256 i = 0; i < _owners.length; i++) {
                    // Owner address cannot be null.
                    address owner = _owners[i];
                    require(owner != address(0) && owner != SENTINEL_OWNERS && owner != address(this) && currentOwner != owner, "GS203");
                    // No duplicate owners allowed.
                    require(owners[owner] == address(0), "GS204");
                    owners[currentOwner] = owner;
                    currentOwner = owner;
                }
                owners[currentOwner] = SENTINEL_OWNERS;
                ownerCount = _owners.length;
                threshold = _threshold;
            }
            /// @dev Allows to add a new owner to the Safe and update the threshold at the same time.
            ///      This can only be done via a Safe transaction.
            /// @notice Adds the owner `owner` to the Safe and updates the threshold to `_threshold`.
            /// @param owner New owner address.
            /// @param _threshold New threshold.
            function addOwnerWithThreshold(address owner, uint256 _threshold) public authorized {
                // Owner address cannot be null, the sentinel or the Safe itself.
                require(owner != address(0) && owner != SENTINEL_OWNERS && owner != address(this), "GS203");
                // No duplicate owners allowed.
                require(owners[owner] == address(0), "GS204");
                owners[owner] = owners[SENTINEL_OWNERS];
                owners[SENTINEL_OWNERS] = owner;
                ownerCount++;
                emit AddedOwner(owner);
                // Change threshold if threshold was changed.
                if (threshold != _threshold) changeThreshold(_threshold);
            }
            /// @dev Allows to remove an owner from the Safe and update the threshold at the same time.
            ///      This can only be done via a Safe transaction.
            /// @notice Removes the owner `owner` from the Safe and updates the threshold to `_threshold`.
            /// @param prevOwner Owner that pointed to the owner to be removed in the linked list
            /// @param owner Owner address to be removed.
            /// @param _threshold New threshold.
            function removeOwner(
                address prevOwner,
                address owner,
                uint256 _threshold
            ) public authorized {
                // Only allow to remove an owner, if threshold can still be reached.
                require(ownerCount - 1 >= _threshold, "GS201");
                // Validate owner address and check that it corresponds to owner index.
                require(owner != address(0) && owner != SENTINEL_OWNERS, "GS203");
                require(owners[prevOwner] == owner, "GS205");
                owners[prevOwner] = owners[owner];
                owners[owner] = address(0);
                ownerCount--;
                emit RemovedOwner(owner);
                // Change threshold if threshold was changed.
                if (threshold != _threshold) changeThreshold(_threshold);
            }
            /// @dev Allows to swap/replace an owner from the Safe with another address.
            ///      This can only be done via a Safe transaction.
            /// @notice Replaces the owner `oldOwner` in the Safe with `newOwner`.
            /// @param prevOwner Owner that pointed to the owner to be replaced in the linked list
            /// @param oldOwner Owner address to be replaced.
            /// @param newOwner New owner address.
            function swapOwner(
                address prevOwner,
                address oldOwner,
                address newOwner
            ) public authorized {
                // Owner address cannot be null, the sentinel or the Safe itself.
                require(newOwner != address(0) && newOwner != SENTINEL_OWNERS && newOwner != address(this), "GS203");
                // No duplicate owners allowed.
                require(owners[newOwner] == address(0), "GS204");
                // Validate oldOwner address and check that it corresponds to owner index.
                require(oldOwner != address(0) && oldOwner != SENTINEL_OWNERS, "GS203");
                require(owners[prevOwner] == oldOwner, "GS205");
                owners[newOwner] = owners[oldOwner];
                owners[prevOwner] = newOwner;
                owners[oldOwner] = address(0);
                emit RemovedOwner(oldOwner);
                emit AddedOwner(newOwner);
            }
            /// @dev Allows to update the number of required confirmations by Safe owners.
            ///      This can only be done via a Safe transaction.
            /// @notice Changes the threshold of the Safe to `_threshold`.
            /// @param _threshold New threshold.
            function changeThreshold(uint256 _threshold) public authorized {
                // Validate that threshold is smaller than number of owners.
                require(_threshold <= ownerCount, "GS201");
                // There has to be at least one Safe owner.
                require(_threshold >= 1, "GS202");
                threshold = _threshold;
                emit ChangedThreshold(threshold);
            }
            function getThreshold() public view returns (uint256) {
                return threshold;
            }
            function isOwner(address owner) public view returns (bool) {
                return owner != SENTINEL_OWNERS && owners[owner] != address(0);
            }
            /// @dev Returns array of owners.
            /// @return Array of Safe owners.
            function getOwners() public view returns (address[] memory) {
                address[] memory array = new address[](ownerCount);
                // populate return array
                uint256 index = 0;
                address currentOwner = owners[SENTINEL_OWNERS];
                while (currentOwner != SENTINEL_OWNERS) {
                    array[index] = currentOwner;
                    currentOwner = owners[currentOwner];
                    index++;
                }
                return array;
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        /// @title Enum - Collection of enums
        /// @author Richard Meissner - <[email protected]>
        contract Enum {
            enum Operation {Call, DelegateCall}
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        /// @title EtherPaymentFallback - A contract that has a fallback to accept ether payments
        /// @author Richard Meissner - <[email protected]>
        contract EtherPaymentFallback {
            event SafeReceived(address indexed sender, uint256 value);
            /// @dev Fallback function accepts Ether transactions.
            receive() external payable {
                emit SafeReceived(msg.sender, msg.value);
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        /// @title SecuredTokenTransfer - Secure token transfer
        /// @author Richard Meissner - <[email protected]>
        contract SecuredTokenTransfer {
            /// @dev Transfers a token and returns if it was a success
            /// @param token Token that should be transferred
            /// @param receiver Receiver to whom the token should be transferred
            /// @param amount The amount of tokens that should be transferred
            function transferToken(
                address token,
                address receiver,
                uint256 amount
            ) internal returns (bool transferred) {
                // 0xa9059cbb - keccack("transfer(address,uint256)")
                bytes memory data = abi.encodeWithSelector(0xa9059cbb, receiver, amount);
                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    // We write the return value to scratch space.
                    // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.7.6/internals/layout_in_memory.html#layout-in-memory
                    let success := call(sub(gas(), 10000), token, 0, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0x20)
                    switch returndatasize()
                        case 0 {
                            transferred := success
                        }
                        case 0x20 {
                            transferred := iszero(or(iszero(success), iszero(mload(0))))
                        }
                        default {
                            transferred := 0
                        }
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        /// @title SelfAuthorized - authorizes current contract to perform actions
        /// @author Richard Meissner - <[email protected]>
        contract SelfAuthorized {
            function requireSelfCall() private view {
                require(msg.sender == address(this), "GS031");
            }
            modifier authorized() {
                // This is a function call as it minimized the bytecode size
                requireSelfCall();
                _;
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        /// @title SignatureDecoder - Decodes signatures that a encoded as bytes
        /// @author Richard Meissner - <[email protected]>
        contract SignatureDecoder {
            /// @dev divides bytes signature into `uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s`.
            /// @notice Make sure to peform a bounds check for @param pos, to avoid out of bounds access on @param signatures
            /// @param pos which signature to read. A prior bounds check of this parameter should be performed, to avoid out of bounds access
            /// @param signatures concatenated rsv signatures
            function signatureSplit(bytes memory signatures, uint256 pos)
                internal
                pure
                returns (
                    uint8 v,
                    bytes32 r,
                    bytes32 s
                )
            {
                // The signature format is a compact form of:
                //   {bytes32 r}{bytes32 s}{uint8 v}
                // Compact means, uint8 is not padded to 32 bytes.
                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    let signaturePos := mul(0x41, pos)
                    r := mload(add(signatures, add(signaturePos, 0x20)))
                    s := mload(add(signatures, add(signaturePos, 0x40)))
                    // Here we are loading the last 32 bytes, including 31 bytes
                    // of 's'. There is no 'mload8' to do this.
                    //
                    // 'byte' is not working due to the Solidity parser, so lets
                    // use the second best option, 'and'
                    v := and(mload(add(signatures, add(signaturePos, 0x41))), 0xff)
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        /// @title Singleton - Base for singleton contracts (should always be first super contract)
        ///         This contract is tightly coupled to our proxy contract (see `proxies/GnosisSafeProxy.sol`)
        /// @author Richard Meissner - <[email protected]>
        contract Singleton {
            // singleton always needs to be first declared variable, to ensure that it is at the same location as in the Proxy contract.
            // It should also always be ensured that the address is stored alone (uses a full word)
            address private singleton;
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        /// @title StorageAccessible - generic base contract that allows callers to access all internal storage.
        /// @notice See https://github.com/gnosis/util-contracts/blob/bb5fe5fb5df6d8400998094fb1b32a178a47c3a1/contracts/StorageAccessible.sol
        contract StorageAccessible {
            /**
             * @dev Reads `length` bytes of storage in the currents contract
             * @param offset - the offset in the current contract's storage in words to start reading from
             * @param length - the number of words (32 bytes) of data to read
             * @return the bytes that were read.
             */
            function getStorageAt(uint256 offset, uint256 length) public view returns (bytes memory) {
                bytes memory result = new bytes(length * 32);
                for (uint256 index = 0; index < length; index++) {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                    assembly {
                        let word := sload(add(offset, index))
                        mstore(add(add(result, 0x20), mul(index, 0x20)), word)
                    }
                }
                return result;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Performs a delegetecall on a targetContract in the context of self.
             * Internally reverts execution to avoid side effects (making it static).
             *
             * This method reverts with data equal to `abi.encode(bool(success), bytes(response))`.
             * Specifically, the `returndata` after a call to this method will be:
             * `success:bool || response.length:uint256 || response:bytes`.
             *
             * @param targetContract Address of the contract containing the code to execute.
             * @param calldataPayload Calldata that should be sent to the target contract (encoded method name and arguments).
             */
            function simulateAndRevert(address targetContract, bytes memory calldataPayload) external {
                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    let success := delegatecall(gas(), targetContract, add(calldataPayload, 0x20), mload(calldataPayload), 0, 0)
                    mstore(0x00, success)
                    mstore(0x20, returndatasize())
                    returndatacopy(0x40, 0, returndatasize())
                    revert(0, add(returndatasize(), 0x40))
                }
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        /**
         * @title GnosisSafeMath
         * @dev Math operations with safety checks that revert on error
         * Renamed from SafeMath to GnosisSafeMath to avoid conflicts
         * TODO: remove once open zeppelin update to solc 0.5.0
         */
        library GnosisSafeMath {
            /**
             * @dev Multiplies two numbers, reverts on overflow.
             */
            function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
                // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
                // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-solidity/pull/522
                if (a == 0) {
                    return 0;
                }
                uint256 c = a * b;
                require(c / a == b);
                return c;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Subtracts two numbers, reverts on overflow (i.e. if subtrahend is greater than minuend).
             */
            function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                require(b <= a);
                uint256 c = a - b;
                return c;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Adds two numbers, reverts on overflow.
             */
            function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                uint256 c = a + b;
                require(c >= a);
                return c;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
             */
            function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                return a >= b ? a : b;
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
        pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
        contract ISignatureValidatorConstants {
            // bytes4(keccak256("isValidSignature(bytes,bytes)")
            bytes4 internal constant EIP1271_MAGIC_VALUE = 0x20c13b0b;
        }
        abstract contract ISignatureValidator is ISignatureValidatorConstants {
            /**
             * @dev Should return whether the signature provided is valid for the provided data
             * @param _data Arbitrary length data signed on the behalf of address(this)
             * @param _signature Signature byte array associated with _data
             *
             * MUST return the bytes4 magic value 0x20c13b0b when function passes.
             * MUST NOT modify state (using STATICCALL for solc < 0.5, view modifier for solc > 0.5)
             * MUST allow external calls
             */
            function isValidSignature(bytes memory _data, bytes memory _signature) public view virtual returns (bytes4);
        }
        

        File 4 of 4: CrowdfundLogic
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
        pragma solidity 0.8.6;
        import {CrowdfundStorage} from "./CrowdfundStorage.sol";
        import {ERC20} from "../../../external/ERC20.sol";
        import {ICrowdfund} from "./interface/ICrowdfund.sol";
        import {ITreasuryConfig} from "../../../interface/ITreasuryConfig.sol";
        /**
         * @title CrowdfundLogic
         * @author MirrorXYZ
         *
         * Crowdfund issuing ERC20 tokens that can be redeemed for
         * the Ether in the contract once funding closes.
         */
        contract CrowdfundLogic is CrowdfundStorage, ERC20 {
            // ============ Events ============
            event Contribution(address contributor, uint256 amount);
            event FundingClosed(uint256 amountRaised, uint256 creatorAllocation);
            event BidAccepted(uint256 amount);
            event Redeemed(address contributor, uint256 amount);
            event Withdrawal(uint256 amount, uint256 fee);
            // ============ Modifiers ============
            /**
             * @dev Modifier to check whether the `msg.sender` is the operator.
             * If it is, it will run the function. Otherwise, it will revert.
             */
            modifier onlyOperator() {
                require(msg.sender == operator);
                _;
            }
            modifier nonReentrant() {
                // On the first call to nonReentrant, _notEntered will be true
                require(reentrancy_status != REENTRANCY_ENTERED, "Reentrant call");
                // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
                reentrancy_status = REENTRANCY_ENTERED;
                _;
                // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
                // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
                reentrancy_status = REENTRANCY_NOT_ENTERED;
            }
            // ============ Crowdfunding Methods ============
            /**
             * @notice Mints tokens for the sender propotional to the
             *  amount of ETH sent in the transaction.
             * @dev Emits the Contribution event.
             */
            function contribute(address payable backer, uint256 amount)
                external
                payable
                nonReentrant
            {
                _contribute(backer, amount);
            }
            /**
             * @notice Burns the sender's tokens and redeems underlying ETH.
             * @dev Emits the Redeemed event.
             */
            function redeem(uint256 tokenAmount) external nonReentrant {
                // Prevent backers from accidently redeeming when balance is 0.
                require(
                    address(this).balance > 0,
                    "Crowdfund: No ETH available to redeem"
                );
                // Check
                require(
                    balanceOf[msg.sender] >= tokenAmount,
                    "Crowdfund: Insufficient balance"
                );
                require(status == Status.TRADING, "Crowdfund: Funding must be trading");
                // Effect
                uint256 redeemable = redeemableFromTokens(tokenAmount);
                _burn(msg.sender, tokenAmount);
                // Safe version of transfer.
                sendValue(payable(msg.sender), redeemable);
                emit Redeemed(msg.sender, redeemable);
            }
            /**
             * @notice Returns the amount of ETH that is redeemable for tokenAmount.
             */
            function redeemableFromTokens(uint256 tokenAmount)
                public
                view
                returns (uint256)
            {
                return (tokenAmount * address(this).balance) / totalSupply;
            }
            function valueToTokens(uint256 value) public pure returns (uint256 tokens) {
                tokens = value * TOKEN_SCALE;
            }
            function tokensToValue(uint256 tokenAmount)
                internal
                pure
                returns (uint256 value)
            {
                value = tokenAmount / TOKEN_SCALE;
            }
            // ============ Operator Methods ============
            /**
             * @notice Transfers all funds to operator, and mints tokens for the operator.
             *  Updates status to TRADING.
             * @dev Emits the FundingClosed event.
             */
            function closeFunding() external onlyOperator nonReentrant {
                require(status == Status.FUNDING, "Crowdfund: Funding must be open");
                // Close funding status, move to tradable.
                status = Status.TRADING;
                // Mint the operator a percent of the total supply.
                uint256 operatorTokens = (operatorPercent * totalSupply) /
                    (100 - operatorPercent);
                _mint(operator, operatorTokens);
                // Announce that funding has been closed.
                emit FundingClosed(address(this).balance, operatorTokens);
                _withdraw();
            }
            /**
             * @notice Operator can change the funding recipient.
             */
            function changeFundingRecipient(address payable newFundingRecipient)
                public
                onlyOperator
            {
                fundingRecipient = newFundingRecipient;
            }
            function withdraw() public {
                _withdraw();
            }
            function computeFee(uint256 amount, uint256 feePercentage_)
                public
                pure
                returns (uint256 fee)
            {
                fee = (feePercentage_ * amount) / (100 * 100);
            }
            // ============ Utility Methods ============
            function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                require(
                    address(this).balance >= amount,
                    "Address: insufficient balance"
                );
                // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
                (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                require(
                    success,
                    "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted"
                );
            }
            // ============ Internal Methods  ============
            function _contribute(address payable backer, uint256 amount) private {
                require(status == Status.FUNDING, "Crowdfund: Funding must be open");
                require(amount == msg.value, "Crowdfund: Amount is not value sent");
                // This first case is the happy path, so we will keep it efficient.
                // The balance, which includes the current contribution, is less than or equal to cap.
                if (address(this).balance <= fundingCap) {
                    // Mint equity for the contributor.
                    _mint(backer, valueToTokens(amount));
                    emit Contribution(backer, amount);
                } else {
                    // Compute the balance of the crowdfund before the contribution was made.
                    uint256 startAmount = address(this).balance - amount;
                    // If that amount was already greater than the funding cap, then we should revert immediately.
                    require(
                        startAmount < fundingCap,
                        "Crowdfund: Funding cap already reached"
                    );
                    // Otherwise, the contribution helped us reach the funding cap. We should
                    // take what we can until the funding cap is reached, and refund the rest.
                    uint256 eligibleAmount = fundingCap - startAmount;
                    // Otherwise, we process the contribution as if it were the minimal amount.
                    _mint(backer, valueToTokens(eligibleAmount));
                    emit Contribution(backer, eligibleAmount);
                    // Refund the sender with their contribution (e.g. 2.5 minus the diff - e.g. 1.5 = 1 ETH)
                    sendValue(backer, amount - eligibleAmount);
                }
            }
            function _withdraw() internal {
                uint256 fee = feePercentage;
                emit Withdrawal(
                    address(this).balance,
                    computeFee(address(this).balance, fee)
                );
                // Transfer the fee to the treasury.
                sendValue(
                    ITreasuryConfig(treasuryConfig).treasury(),
                    computeFee(address(this).balance, fee)
                );
                // Transfer available balance to the fundingRecipient.
                sendValue(fundingRecipient, address(this).balance);
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
        pragma solidity 0.8.6;
        /**
         * @title CrowdfundStorage
         * @author MirrorXYZ
         */
        contract CrowdfundStorage {
            /**
             * @notice The two states that this contract can exist in.
             * "FUNDING" allows contributors to add funds.
             */
            enum Status {
                FUNDING,
                TRADING
            }
            // ============ Constants ============
            /// @notice The factor by which ETH contributions will multiply into crowdfund tokens.
            uint16 internal constant TOKEN_SCALE = 1000;
            // ============ Reentrancy ============
            /// @notice Reentrancy constants.
            uint256 internal constant REENTRANCY_NOT_ENTERED = 1;
            uint256 internal constant REENTRANCY_ENTERED = 2;
            /// @notice Current reentrancy status -- used by the modifier.
            uint256 internal reentrancy_status;
            /// @notice The operator has a special role to change contract status.
            address payable public operator;
            /// @notice Receives the funds when calling withdraw. Operator can configure.
            address payable public fundingRecipient;
            /// @notice Treasury configuration.
            address public treasuryConfig;
            /// @notice We add a hard cap to prevent raising more funds than deemed reasonable.
            uint256 public fundingCap;
            /// @notice Fee percentage that the crowdfund pays to the treasury.
            uint256 public feePercentage;
            /// @notice The operator takes some equity in the tokens, represented by this percent.
            uint256 public operatorPercent;
            // ============ Mutable Storage ============
            /// @notice Represents the current state of the campaign.
            Status public status;
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
        pragma solidity 0.8.6;
        // import {ERC20Storage} from "./ERC20Storage.sol";
        import {IERC20, IERC20Events} from "./interface/IERC20.sol";
        /**
         * @title ERC20 Implementation.
         * @author MirrorXYZ
         */
        contract ERC20 is IERC20, IERC20Events {
            // ============ ERC20 Attributes ============
            /// @notice EIP-20 token name for this token
            string public override name;
            /// @notice EIP-20 token symbol for this token
            string public override symbol;
            /// @notice EIP-20 token decimals for this token
            uint8 public constant override decimals = 18;
            // ============ Mutable ERC20 Storage ============
            /// @notice EIP-20 total number of tokens in circulation
            uint256 public override totalSupply;
            /// @notice EIP-20 official record of token balances for each account
            mapping(address => uint256) public override balanceOf;
            /// @notice EIP-20 allowance amounts on behalf of others
            mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) public override allowance;
            /**
             * @notice Initialize and assign total supply when using
             * proxy pattern. Only callable during contract deployment.
             * @param totalSupply_ is the initial token supply
             * @param to_ is the address that will hold the initial token supply
             */
            function initialize(uint256 totalSupply_, address to_) external {
                // Ensure that this function is only callable during contract construction.
                assembly {
                    if extcodesize(address()) {
                        revert(0, 0)
                    }
                }
                totalSupply = totalSupply_;
                balanceOf[to_] = totalSupply_;
                emit Transfer(address(0), to_, totalSupply_);
            }
            // ============ ERC20 Spec ============
            /**
             * @dev Function to increase allowance of tokens.
             * @param spender The address that will receive an allowance increase.
             * @param value The amount of tokens to increase allowance.
             */
            function approve(address spender, uint256 value)
                external
                override
                returns (bool)
            {
                _approve(msg.sender, spender, value);
                return true;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Function to transfer tokens.
             * @param to The address that will receive the tokens.
             * @param value The amount of tokens to transfer.
             */
            function transfer(address to, uint256 value)
                external
                override
                returns (bool)
            {
                _transfer(msg.sender, to, value);
                return true;
            }
            /**
             * @dev Function to transfer an accounts tokens. Sender of txn must be approved.
             * @param from The address that will transfer tokens.
             * @param to The address that will receive the tokens.
             * @param value The amount of tokens to transfer.
             */
            function transferFrom(
                address from,
                address to,
                uint256 value
            ) external override returns (bool) {
                require(
                    allowance[from][msg.sender] >= value,
                    "transfer amount exceeds spender allowance"
                );
                allowance[from][msg.sender] = allowance[from][msg.sender] - value;
                _transfer(from, to, value);
                return true;
            }
            // ============ Private Utils ============
            function _mint(address to, uint256 value) internal {
                totalSupply = totalSupply + value;
                balanceOf[to] = balanceOf[to] + value;
                emit Transfer(address(0), to, value);
            }
            function _burn(address from, uint256 value) internal {
                balanceOf[from] = balanceOf[from] - value;
                totalSupply = totalSupply - value;
                emit Transfer(from, address(0), value);
            }
            function _approve(
                address owner,
                address spender,
                uint256 value
            ) internal {
                allowance[owner][spender] = value;
                emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
            }
            function _transfer(
                address from,
                address to,
                uint256 value
            ) internal {
                require(balanceOf[from] >= value, "transfer amount exceeds balance");
                balanceOf[from] = balanceOf[from] - value;
                balanceOf[to] = balanceOf[to] + value;
                emit Transfer(from, to, value);
            }
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
        pragma solidity 0.8.6;
        interface ICrowdfund {
            struct Edition {
                // The maximum number of tokens that can be sold.
                uint256 quantity;
                // The price at which each token will be sold, in ETH.
                uint256 price;
                // The account that will receive sales revenue.
                address payable fundingRecipient;
                // The number of tokens sold so far.
                uint256 numSold;
                bytes32 contentHash;
            }
            struct EditionTier {
                // The maximum number of tokens that can be sold.
                uint256 quantity;
                // The price at which each token will be sold, in ETH.
                uint256 price;
                bytes32 contentHash;
            }
            function buyEdition(uint256 editionId, address recipient)
                external
                payable
                returns (uint256 tokenId);
            function editionPrice(uint256 editionId) external view returns (uint256);
            function createEditions(
                EditionTier[] memory tier,
                // The account that should receive the revenue.
                address payable fundingRecipient,
                address minter
            ) external;
            function contractURI() external view returns (string memory);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
        pragma solidity 0.8.6;
        interface ITreasuryConfig {
            function treasury() external returns (address payable);
            function distributionModel() external returns (address);
        }
        // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
        pragma solidity 0.8.6;
        interface IERC20 {
            /// @notice EIP-20 token name for this token
            function name() external returns (string calldata);
            /// @notice EIP-20 token symbol for this token
            function symbol() external returns (string calldata);
            /// @notice EIP-20 token decimals for this token
            function decimals() external returns (uint8);
            /// @notice EIP-20 total number of tokens in circulation
            function totalSupply() external returns (uint256);
            /// @notice EIP-20 official record of token balances for each account
            function balanceOf(address account) external returns (uint256);
            /// @notice EIP-20 allowance amounts on behalf of others
            function allowance(address owner, address spender)
                external
                returns (uint256);
            /// @notice EIP-20 approves _spender_ to transfer up to _value_ multiple times
            function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
            /// @notice EIP-20 transfer _value_ to _to_ from _msg.sender_
            function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
            /// @notice EIP-20 transfer _value_ to _to_ from _from_
            function transferFrom(
                address from,
                address to,
                uint256 value
            ) external returns (bool);
        }
        interface IERC20Events {
            /// @notice EIP-20 Mint event
            event Mint(address indexed to, uint256 amount);
            /// @notice EIP-20 approval event
            event Approval(
                address indexed from,
                address indexed spender,
                uint256 value
            );
            /// @notice EIP-20 transfer event
            event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
        }