ETH Price: $2,536.19 (+0.37%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
13271378 at Sep-21-2021 08:45:10 PM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.006914619373408972 ETH $17.54
Gas Used:
42,934 Gas / 161.052298258 Gwei

Emitted Events:

263 InitializedProxy.0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef( 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef, 0x0000000000000000000000003b31925eec78da3cf15c4503604c13b0eebc57e5, 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e1110f0c5c9ce4f )
264 InitializedProxy.0x730831a1e4aa2d187ddd8e03d7beeac760a3927da5f112d645e0f8df7494b367( 0x730831a1e4aa2d187ddd8e03d7beeac760a3927da5f112d645e0f8df7494b367, 0x0000000000000000000000003b31925eec78da3cf15c4503604c13b0eebc57e5, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a5c13c3b67cfa2f )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
0x3B31925E...0eEBC57e5
11.98925719931435119 Eth
Nonce: 892
12.728835949478796217 Eth
Nonce: 893
0.739578750164445027
0x3FA42C7d...Ff61c432F 18.30275620975805513 Eth17.556262840220201131 Eth0.746493369537853999
(Miner: 0xe20...Fd0)
1,840.310775123191146295 Eth1,840.310860991191146295 Eth0.000085868

Execution Trace

InitializedProxy.CALL( )
  • TokenVault.DELEGATECALL( )
    • ETH 0.746493369537853999 0x3b31925eec78da3cf15c4503604c13b0eebc57e5.CALL( )
      File 1 of 2: InitializedProxy
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @title InitializedProxy
       * @author Anna Carroll
       */
      contract InitializedProxy {
          // address of logic contract
          address public immutable logic;
          // ======== Constructor =========
          constructor(
              address _logic,
              bytes memory _initializationCalldata
          ) {
              logic = _logic;
              // Delegatecall into the logic contract, supplying initialization calldata
              (bool _ok, bytes memory returnData) =
                  _logic.delegatecall(_initializationCalldata);
              // Revert if delegatecall to implementation reverts
              require(_ok, string(returnData));
          }
          // ======== Fallback =========
          fallback() external payable {
              address _impl = logic;
              assembly {
                  let ptr := mload(0x40)
                  calldatacopy(ptr, 0, calldatasize())
                  let result := delegatecall(gas(), _impl, ptr, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                  let size := returndatasize()
                  returndatacopy(ptr, 0, size)
                  switch result
                      case 0 {
                          revert(ptr, size)
                      }
                      default {
                          return(ptr, size)
                      }
              }
          }
          // ======== Receive =========
          receive() external payable {} // solhint-disable-line no-empty-blocks
      }

      File 2 of 2: TokenVault
      //SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "./Interfaces/IWETH.sol";
      import "./OpenZeppelin/math/Math.sol";
      import "./OpenZeppelin/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
      import "./OpenZeppelin/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
      import "./OpenZeppelin/token/ERC721/ERC721Holder.sol";
      import "./Settings.sol";
      import "./OpenZeppelin/upgradeable/token/ERC721/utils/ERC721HolderUpgradeable.sol";
      import "./OpenZeppelin/upgradeable/token/ERC20/ERC20Upgradeable.sol";
      contract TokenVault is ERC20Upgradeable, ERC721HolderUpgradeable {
          using Address for address;
          /// -----------------------------------
          /// -------- BASIC INFORMATION --------
          /// -----------------------------------
          /// @notice weth address
          address public constant weth = 0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2;
          /// -----------------------------------
          /// -------- TOKEN INFORMATION --------
          /// -----------------------------------
          /// @notice the ERC721 token address of the vault's token
          address public token;
          /// @notice the ERC721 token ID of the vault's token
          uint256 public id;
          /// -------------------------------------
          /// -------- AUCTION INFORMATION --------
          /// -------------------------------------
          /// @notice the unix timestamp end time of the token auction
          uint256 public auctionEnd;
          /// @notice the length of auctions
          uint256 public auctionLength;
          /// @notice reservePrice * votingTokens
          uint256 public reserveTotal;
          /// @notice the current price of the token during an auction
          uint256 public livePrice;
          /// @notice the current user winning the token auction
          address payable public winning;
          enum State { inactive, live, ended, redeemed }
          State public auctionState;
          /// -----------------------------------
          /// -------- VAULT INFORMATION --------
          /// -----------------------------------
          /// @notice the governance contract which gets paid in ETH
          address public immutable settings;
          /// @notice the address who initially deposited the NFT
          address public curator;
          /// @notice the AUM fee paid to the curator yearly. 3 decimals. ie. 100 = 10%
          uint256 public fee;
          /// @notice the last timestamp where fees were claimed
          uint256 public lastClaimed;
          /// @notice a boolean to indicate if the vault has closed
          bool public vaultClosed;
          /// @notice the number of ownership tokens voting on the reserve price at any given time
          uint256 public votingTokens;
          /// @notice a mapping of users to their desired token price
          mapping(address => uint256) public userPrices;
          /// ------------------------
          /// -------- EVENTS --------
          /// ------------------------
          /// @notice An event emitted when a user updates their price
          event PriceUpdate(address indexed user, uint price);
          /// @notice An event emitted when an auction starts
          event Start(address indexed buyer, uint price);
          /// @notice An event emitted when a bid is made
          event Bid(address indexed buyer, uint price);
          /// @notice An event emitted when an auction is won
          event Won(address indexed buyer, uint price);
          /// @notice An event emitted when someone redeems all tokens for the NFT
          event Redeem(address indexed redeemer);
          /// @notice An event emitted when someone cashes in ERC20 tokens for ETH from an ERC721 token sale
          event Cash(address indexed owner, uint256 shares);
          constructor(address _settings) {
              settings = _settings;
          }
          function initialize(address _curator, address _token, uint256 _id, uint256 _supply, uint256 _listPrice, uint256 _fee, string memory _name, string memory _symbol) external initializer {
              // initialize inherited contracts
              __ERC20_init(_name, _symbol);
              __ERC721Holder_init();
              // set storage variables
              token = _token;
              id = _id;
              reserveTotal = _listPrice * _supply;
              auctionLength = 7 days;
              curator = _curator;
              fee = _fee;
              lastClaimed = block.timestamp;
              votingTokens = _listPrice == 0 ? 0 : _supply;
              auctionState = State.inactive;
              _mint(_curator, _supply);
              userPrices[_curator] = _listPrice;
          }
          /// --------------------------------
          /// -------- VIEW FUNCTIONS --------
          /// --------------------------------
          function reservePrice() public view returns(uint256) {
              return votingTokens == 0 ? 0 : reserveTotal / votingTokens;
          }
          /// -------------------------------
          /// -------- GOV FUNCTIONS --------
          /// -------------------------------
          /// @notice allow governance to boot a bad actor curator
          /// @param _curator the new curator
          function kickCurator(address _curator) external {
              require(msg.sender == Ownable(settings).owner(), "kick:not gov");
              curator = _curator;
          }
          /// @notice allow governance to remove bad reserve prices
          function removeReserve(address _user) external {
              require(msg.sender == Ownable(settings).owner(), "remove:not gov");
              require(auctionState == State.inactive, "update:auction live cannot update price");
              uint256 old = userPrices[_user];
              require(0 != old, "update:not an update");
              uint256 weight = balanceOf(_user);
              votingTokens -= weight;
              reserveTotal -= weight * old;
              
              userPrices[_user] = 0;
              emit PriceUpdate(_user, 0);
          }
          /// -----------------------------------
          /// -------- CURATOR FUNCTIONS --------
          /// -----------------------------------
          /// @notice allow curator to update the curator address
          /// @param _curator the new curator
          function updateCurator(address _curator) external {
              require(msg.sender == curator, "update:not curator");
              curator = _curator;
          }
          /// @notice allow curator to update the auction length
          /// @param _length the new base price
          function updateAuctionLength(uint256 _length) external {
              require(msg.sender == curator, "update:not curator");
              require(_length >= ISettings(settings).minAuctionLength() && _length <= ISettings(settings).maxAuctionLength(), "update:invalid auction length");
              auctionLength = _length;
          }
          /// @notice allow the curator to change their fee
          /// @param _fee the new fee
          function updateFee(uint256 _fee) external {
              require(msg.sender == curator, "update:not curator");
              require(_fee <= ISettings(settings).maxCuratorFee(), "update:cannot increase fee this high");
              _claimFees();
              fee = _fee;
          }
          /// @notice external function to claim fees for the curator and governance
          function claimFees() external {
              _claimFees();
          }
          /// @dev interal fuction to calculate and mint fees
          function _claimFees() internal {
              require(auctionState != State.ended, "claim:cannot claim after auction ends");
              // get how much in fees the curator would make in a year
              uint256 currentAnnualFee = fee * totalSupply() / 1000; 
              // get how much that is per second;
              uint256 feePerSecond = currentAnnualFee / 31536000;
              // get how many seconds they are eligible to claim
              uint256 sinceLastClaim = block.timestamp - lastClaimed;
              // get the amount of tokens to mint
              uint256 curatorMint = sinceLastClaim * feePerSecond;
              // now lets do the same for governance
              address govAddress = ISettings(settings).feeReceiver();
              uint256 govFee = ISettings(settings).governanceFee();
              currentAnnualFee = govFee * totalSupply() / 1000; 
              feePerSecond = currentAnnualFee / 31536000;
              uint256 govMint = sinceLastClaim * feePerSecond;
              lastClaimed = block.timestamp;
              _mint(curator, curatorMint);
              _mint(govAddress, govMint);
          }
          /// --------------------------------
          /// -------- CORE FUNCTIONS --------
          /// --------------------------------
          /// @notice a function for an end user to update their desired sale price
          /// @param _new the desired price in ETH
          function updateUserPrice(uint256 _new) external {
              require(auctionState == State.inactive, "update:auction live cannot update price");
              uint256 old = userPrices[msg.sender];
              require(_new != old, "update:not an update");
              uint256 weight = balanceOf(msg.sender);
              if (votingTokens == 0) {
                  votingTokens = weight;
                  reserveTotal = weight * _new;
              }
              // they are the only one voting
              else if (weight == votingTokens && old != 0) {
                  reserveTotal = weight * _new;
              }
              // previously they were not voting
              else if (old == 0) {
                  uint256 averageReserve = reserveTotal / votingTokens;
                  uint256 reservePriceMin = averageReserve * ISettings(settings).minReserveFactor() / 1000;
                  require(_new >= reservePriceMin, "update:reserve price too low");
                  uint256 reservePriceMax = averageReserve * ISettings(settings).maxReserveFactor() / 1000;
                  require(_new <= reservePriceMax, "update:reserve price too high");
                  votingTokens += weight;
                  reserveTotal += weight * _new;
              } 
              // they no longer want to vote
              else if (_new == 0) {
                  votingTokens -= weight;
                  reserveTotal -= weight * old;
              } 
              // they are updating their vote
              else {
                  uint256 averageReserve = (reserveTotal - (old * weight)) / (votingTokens - weight);
                  uint256 reservePriceMin = averageReserve * ISettings(settings).minReserveFactor() / 1000;
                  require(_new >= reservePriceMin, "update:reserve price too low");
                  uint256 reservePriceMax = averageReserve * ISettings(settings).maxReserveFactor() / 1000;
                  require(_new <= reservePriceMax, "update:reserve price too high");
                  reserveTotal = reserveTotal + (weight * _new) - (weight * old);
              }
              userPrices[msg.sender] = _new;
              emit PriceUpdate(msg.sender, _new);
          }
          /// @notice an internal function used to update sender and receivers price on token transfer
          /// @param _from the ERC20 token sender
          /// @param _to the ERC20 token receiver
          /// @param _amount the ERC20 token amount
          function _beforeTokenTransfer(address _from, address _to, uint256 _amount) internal virtual override {
              if (_from != address(0) && auctionState == State.inactive) {
                  uint256 fromPrice = userPrices[_from];
                  uint256 toPrice = userPrices[_to];
                  // only do something if users have different reserve price
                  if (toPrice != fromPrice) {
                      // new holder is not a voter
                      if (toPrice == 0) {
                          // get the average reserve price ignoring the senders amount
                          votingTokens -= _amount;
                          reserveTotal -= _amount * fromPrice;
                      }
                      // old holder is not a voter
                      else if (fromPrice == 0) {
                          votingTokens += _amount;
                          reserveTotal += _amount * toPrice;
                      }
                      // both holders are voters
                      else {
                          reserveTotal = reserveTotal + (_amount * toPrice) - (_amount * fromPrice);
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
          /// @notice kick off an auction. Must send reservePrice in ETH
          function start() external payable {
              require(auctionState == State.inactive, "start:no auction starts");
              require(msg.value >= reservePrice(), "start:too low bid");
              require(votingTokens * 1000 >= ISettings(settings).minVotePercentage() * totalSupply(), "start:not enough voters");
              
              auctionEnd = block.timestamp + auctionLength;
              auctionState = State.live;
              livePrice = msg.value;
              winning = payable(msg.sender);
              emit Start(msg.sender, msg.value);
          }
          /// @notice an external function to bid on purchasing the vaults NFT. The msg.value is the bid amount
          function bid() external payable {
              require(auctionState == State.live, "bid:auction is not live");
              uint256 increase = ISettings(settings).minBidIncrease() + 1000;
              require(msg.value * 1000 >= livePrice * increase, "bid:too low bid");
              require(block.timestamp < auctionEnd, "bid:auction ended");
              // If bid is within 15 minutes of auction end, extend auction
              if (auctionEnd - block.timestamp <= 15 minutes) {
                  auctionEnd += 15 minutes;
              }
              _sendWETH(winning, livePrice);
              livePrice = msg.value;
              winning = payable(msg.sender);
              emit Bid(msg.sender, msg.value);
          }
          /// @notice an external function to end an auction after the timer has run out
          function end() external {
              require(auctionState == State.live, "end:vault has already closed");
              require(block.timestamp >= auctionEnd, "end:auction live");
              _claimFees();
              // transfer erc721 to winner
              IERC721(token).transferFrom(address(this), winning, id);
              auctionState = State.ended;
              emit Won(winning, livePrice);
          }
          /// @notice an external function to burn all ERC20 tokens to receive the ERC721 token
          function redeem() external {
              require(auctionState == State.inactive, "redeem:no redeeming");
              _burn(msg.sender, totalSupply());
              
              // transfer erc721 to redeemer
              IERC721(token).transferFrom(address(this), msg.sender, id);
              
              auctionState = State.redeemed;
              emit Redeem(msg.sender);
          }
          /// @notice an external function to burn ERC20 tokens to receive ETH from ERC721 token purchase
          function cash() external {
              require(auctionState == State.ended, "cash:vault not closed yet");
              uint256 bal = balanceOf(msg.sender);
              require(bal > 0, "cash:no tokens to cash out");
              uint256 share = bal * address(this).balance / totalSupply();
              _burn(msg.sender, bal);
              _sendETHOrWETH(payable(msg.sender), share);
              emit Cash(msg.sender, share);
          }
          /// @dev internal helper function to send ETH and WETH on failure
          function _sendWETH(address who, uint256 amount) internal {
              IWETH(weth).deposit{value: amount}();
              IWETH(weth).transfer(who, IWETH(weth).balanceOf(address(this)));
          }
          /// @dev internal helper function to send ETH and WETH on failure
          function _sendETHOrWETH(address who, uint256 amount) internal {
              // contracts get bet WETH because they can be mean
              if (who.isContract()) {
                  IWETH(weth).deposit{value: amount}();
                  IWETH(weth).transfer(who, IWETH(weth).balanceOf(address(this)));
              } else {
                  payable(who).transfer(amount);
              }
          }
      }//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      interface IWETH {
          function deposit() external payable;
          function withdraw(uint) external;
          function approve(address, uint) external returns(bool);
          function transfer(address, uint) external returns(bool);
          function transferFrom(address, address, uint) external returns(bool);
          function balanceOf(address) external view returns(uint);
      }// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
       */
      library Math {
          /**
           * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
           */
          function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
              return a >= b ? a : b;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
           */
          function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
              return a < b ? a : b;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
           * zero.
           */
          function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
              // (a + b) / 2 can overflow, so we distribute
              return (a / 2) + (b / 2) + ((a % 2 + b % 2) / 2);
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "../../utils/Context.sol";
      import "./IERC20.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
       *
       * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
       * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
       * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
       *
       * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
       * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
       * to implement supply mechanisms].
       *
       * We have followed general OpenZeppelin guidelines: functions revert instead
       * of returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless conventional
       * and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20 applications.
       *
       * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
       * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
       * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
       * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
       *
       * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
       * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
       * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
       */
      contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20 {
          mapping (address => uint256) private _balances;
          mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) private _allowances;
          uint256 private _totalSupply;
          string private _name;
          string private _symbol;
          /**
           * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
           *
           * The defaut value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
           * {decimals} you should overload it.
           *
           * All three of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
           * construction.
           */
          constructor (string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
              _name = name_;
              _symbol = symbol_;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the name of the token.
           */
          function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
              return _name;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
           * name.
           */
          function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
              return _symbol;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
           * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
           * be displayed to a user as `5,05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
           *
           * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
           * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
           * overloaded;
           *
           * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
           * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
           * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
           */
          function decimals() public view virtual returns (uint8) {
              return 18;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
           */
          function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
              return _totalSupply;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
           */
          function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
              return _balances[account];
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
           * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
           */
          function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
              _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
           */
          function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
              return _allowances[owner][spender];
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
           */
          function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
              _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
           * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
           * - the caller must have allowance for ``sender``'s tokens of at least
           * `amount`.
           */
          function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
              _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
              uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[sender][_msgSender()];
              require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance");
              _approve(sender, _msgSender(), currentAllowance - amount);
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
           *
           * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
           * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
           */
          function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
              _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender] + addedValue);
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
           *
           * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
           * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
           * `subtractedValue`.
           */
          function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
              uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[_msgSender()][spender];
              require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
              _approve(_msgSender(), spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Moves tokens `amount` from `sender` to `recipient`.
           *
           * This is internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
           * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
           */
          function _transfer(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
              require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
              require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
              _beforeTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);
              uint256 senderBalance = _balances[sender];
              require(senderBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
              _balances[sender] = senderBalance - amount;
              _balances[recipient] += amount;
              emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
          }
          /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
           * the total supply.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
           */
          function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
              require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");
              _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
              _totalSupply += amount;
              _balances[account] += amount;
              emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
           * total supply.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
           */
          function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
              require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");
              _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
              uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
              require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
              _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
              _totalSupply -= amount;
              emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
           *
           * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
           * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
           */
          function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
              require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
              require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");
              _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
              emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
           * minting and burning.
           *
           * Calling conditions:
           *
           * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
           * will be to transferred to `to`.
           * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
           * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
           * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
           *
           * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
           */
          function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual { }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "../../utils/Context.sol";
      import "./IERC721.sol";
      import "./IERC721Metadata.sol";
      import "./IERC721Enumerable.sol";
      import "./IERC721Receiver.sol";
      import "../../introspection/ERC165.sol";
      import "../../utils/Address.sol";
      import "../../utils/EnumerableSet.sol";
      import "../../utils/EnumerableMap.sol";
      import "../../utils/Strings.sol";
      /**
       * @title ERC721 Non-Fungible Token Standard basic implementation
       * @dev see https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
       */
      contract ERC721 is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata, IERC721Enumerable {
          using Address for address;
          using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.UintSet;
          using EnumerableMap for EnumerableMap.UintToAddressMap;
          using Strings for uint256;
          // Mapping from holder address to their (enumerable) set of owned tokens
          mapping (address => EnumerableSet.UintSet) private _holderTokens;
          // Enumerable mapping from token ids to their owners
          EnumerableMap.UintToAddressMap private _tokenOwners;
          // Mapping from token ID to approved address
          mapping (uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;
          // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
          mapping (address => mapping (address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;
          // Token name
          string private _name;
          // Token symbol
          string private _symbol;
          // Optional mapping for token URIs
          mapping (uint256 => string) private _tokenURIs;
          // Base URI
          string private _baseURI;
          /**
           * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
           */
          constructor (string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
              _name = name_;
              _symbol = symbol_;
              // register the supported interfaces to conform to ERC721 via ERC165
              _registerInterface(type(IERC721).interfaceId);
              _registerInterface(type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId);
              _registerInterface(type(IERC721Enumerable).interfaceId);
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
           */
          function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
              require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: balance query for the zero address");
              return _holderTokens[owner].length();
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
           */
          function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
              return _tokenOwners.get(tokenId, "ERC721: owner query for nonexistent token");
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
           */
          function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
              return _name;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
           */
          function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
              return _symbol;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
           */
          function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
              require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721Metadata: URI query for nonexistent token");
              string memory _tokenURI = _tokenURIs[tokenId];
              string memory base = baseURI();
              // If there is no base URI, return the token URI.
              if (bytes(base).length == 0) {
                  return _tokenURI;
              }
              // If both are set, concatenate the baseURI and tokenURI (via abi.encodePacked).
              if (bytes(_tokenURI).length > 0) {
                  return string(abi.encodePacked(base, _tokenURI));
              }
              // If there is a baseURI but no tokenURI, concatenate the tokenID to the baseURI.
              return string(abi.encodePacked(base, tokenId.toString()));
          }
          /**
          * @dev Returns the base URI set via {_setBaseURI}. This will be
          * automatically added as a prefix in {tokenURI} to each token's URI, or
          * to the token ID if no specific URI is set for that token ID.
          */
          function baseURI() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
              return _baseURI;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenOfOwnerByIndex}.
           */
          function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
              return _holderTokens[owner].at(index);
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-totalSupply}.
           */
          function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
              // _tokenOwners are indexed by tokenIds, so .length() returns the number of tokenIds
              return _tokenOwners.length();
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenByIndex}.
           */
          function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
              (uint256 tokenId, ) = _tokenOwners.at(index);
              return tokenId;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
           */
          function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
              address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
              require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");
              require(_msgSender() == owner || ERC721.isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
                  "ERC721: approve caller is not owner nor approved for all"
              );
              _approve(to, tokenId);
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
           */
          function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
              require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: approved query for nonexistent token");
              return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
           */
          function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
              require(operator != _msgSender(), "ERC721: approve to caller");
              _operatorApprovals[_msgSender()][operator] = approved;
              emit ApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
           */
          function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
              return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
           */
          function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
              //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
              require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved");
              _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
           */
          function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
              safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
           */
          function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory _data) public virtual override {
              require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved");
              _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, _data);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
           * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
           *
           * `_data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
           *
           * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
           * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
           * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           */
          function _safeTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory _data) internal virtual {
              _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
              require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
           *
           * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
           *
           * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
           * and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
           */
          function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
              return _tokenOwners.contains(tokenId);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `tokenId` must exist.
           */
          function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
              require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: operator query for nonexistent token");
              address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
              return (spender == owner || getApproved(tokenId) == spender || ERC721.isApprovedForAll(owner, spender));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Safely mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
           *
           * Requirements:
           d*
           * - `tokenId` must not exist.
           * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           */
          function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
              _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
           * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
           */
          function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory _data) internal virtual {
              _mint(to, tokenId);
              require(_checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, _data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
           *
           * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `tokenId` must not exist.
           * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           */
          function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
              require(to != address(0), "ERC721: mint to the zero address");
              require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");
              _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
              _holderTokens[to].add(tokenId);
              _tokenOwners.set(tokenId, to);
              emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
           * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `tokenId` must exist.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           */
          function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
              address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId); // internal owner
              _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);
              // Clear approvals
              _approve(address(0), tokenId);
              // Clear metadata (if any)
              if (bytes(_tokenURIs[tokenId]).length != 0) {
                  delete _tokenURIs[tokenId];
              }
              _holderTokens[owner].remove(tokenId);
              _tokenOwners.remove(tokenId);
              emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
           *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           */
          function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
              require(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer of token that is not own"); // internal owner
              require(to != address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");
              _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);
              // Clear approvals from the previous owner
              _approve(address(0), tokenId);
              _holderTokens[from].remove(tokenId);
              _holderTokens[to].add(tokenId);
              _tokenOwners.set(tokenId, to);
              emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Sets `_tokenURI` as the tokenURI of `tokenId`.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `tokenId` must exist.
           */
          function _setTokenURI(uint256 tokenId, string memory _tokenURI) internal virtual {
              require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721Metadata: URI set of nonexistent token");
              _tokenURIs[tokenId] = _tokenURI;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Internal function to set the base URI for all token IDs. It is
           * automatically added as a prefix to the value returned in {tokenURI},
           * or to the token ID if {tokenURI} is empty.
           */
          function _setBaseURI(string memory baseURI_) internal virtual {
              _baseURI = baseURI_;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
           * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
           *
           * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
           * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
           * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
           * @param _data bytes optional data to send along with the call
           * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
           */
          function _checkOnERC721Received(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory _data)
              private returns (bool)
          {
              if (to.isContract()) {
                  try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, _data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                      return retval == IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received.selector;
                  } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                      if (reason.length == 0) {
                          revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                      } else {
                          // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                          assembly {
                              revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                          }
                      }
                  }
              } else {
                  return true;
              }
          }
          function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) private {
              _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
              emit Approval(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId); // internal owner
          }
          /**
           * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting
           * and burning.
           *
           * Calling conditions:
           *
           * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be
           * transferred to `to`.
           * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
           * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be burned.
           * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
           *
           * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
           */
          function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual { }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "./IERC721Receiver.sol";
        /**
         * @dev Implementation of the {IERC721Receiver} interface.
         *
         * Accepts all token transfers. 
         * Make sure the contract is able to use its token with {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}, {IERC721-approve} or {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
         */
      contract ERC721Holder is IERC721Receiver {
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}.
           *
           * Always returns `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
           */
          function onERC721Received(address, address, uint256, bytes memory) public virtual override returns (bytes4) {
              return this.onERC721Received.selector;
          }
      }
      //SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "./OpenZeppelin/access/Ownable.sol";
      import "./Interfaces/ISettings.sol";
      contract Settings is Ownable, ISettings {
          /// @notice the maximum auction length
          uint256 public override maxAuctionLength;
          /// @notice the longest an auction can ever be
          uint256 public constant maxMaxAuctionLength = 8 weeks;
          /// @notice the minimum auction length
          uint256 public override minAuctionLength;
          /// @notice the shortest an auction can ever be
          uint256 public constant minMinAuctionLength = 1 days;
          /// @notice governance fee max
          uint256 public override governanceFee;
          /// @notice 10% fee is max
          uint256 public constant maxGovFee = 100;
          /// @notice max curator fee
          uint256 public override maxCuratorFee;
          /// @notice the % bid increase required for a new bid
          uint256 public override minBidIncrease;
          /// @notice 10% bid increase is max 
          uint256 public constant maxMinBidIncrease = 100;
          /// @notice 1% bid increase is min
          uint256 public constant minMinBidIncrease = 10;
          /// @notice the % of tokens required to be voting for an auction to start
          uint256 public override minVotePercentage;
          /// @notice the max % increase over the initial 
          uint256 public override maxReserveFactor;
          /// @notice the max % decrease from the initial
          uint256 public override minReserveFactor;
          /// @notice the address who receives auction fees
          address payable public override feeReceiver;
          event UpdateMaxAuctionLength(uint256 _old, uint256 _new);
          event UpdateMinAuctionLength(uint256 _old, uint256 _new);
          event UpdateGovernanceFee(uint256 _old, uint256 _new);
          event UpdateCuratorFee(uint256 _old, uint256 _new);
          event UpdateMinBidIncrease(uint256 _old, uint256 _new);
          event UpdateMinVotePercentage(uint256 _old, uint256 _new);
          event UpdateMaxReserveFactor(uint256 _old, uint256 _new);
          event UpdateMinReserveFactor(uint256 _old, uint256 _new);
          event UpdateFeeReceiver(address _old, address _new);
          constructor() {
              maxAuctionLength = 2 weeks;
              minAuctionLength = 3 days;
              feeReceiver = payable(msg.sender);
              minReserveFactor = 500;  // 50%
              maxReserveFactor = 2000; // 200%
              minBidIncrease = 50;     // 5%
              maxCuratorFee = 100;
              minVotePercentage = 500; // 50%
          }
          function setMaxAuctionLength(uint256 _length) external onlyOwner {
              require(_length <= maxMaxAuctionLength, "max auction length too high");
              require(_length > minAuctionLength, "max auction length too low");
              emit UpdateMaxAuctionLength(maxAuctionLength, _length);
              maxAuctionLength = _length;
          }
          function setMinAuctionLength(uint256 _length) external onlyOwner {
              require(_length >= minMinAuctionLength, "min auction length too low");
              require(_length < maxAuctionLength, "min auction length too high");
              emit UpdateMinAuctionLength(minAuctionLength, _length);
              minAuctionLength = _length;
          }
          function setGovernanceFee(uint256 _fee) external onlyOwner {
              require(_fee <= maxGovFee, "fee too high");
              emit UpdateGovernanceFee(governanceFee, _fee);
              governanceFee = _fee;
          }
          function setMaxCuratorFee(uint256 _fee) external onlyOwner {
              emit UpdateCuratorFee(governanceFee, _fee);
              maxCuratorFee = _fee;
          }
          function setMinBidIncrease(uint256 _min) external onlyOwner {
              require(_min <= maxMinBidIncrease, "min bid increase too high");
              require(_min >= minMinBidIncrease, "min bid increase too low");
              emit UpdateMinBidIncrease(minBidIncrease, _min);
              minBidIncrease = _min;
          }
          function setMinVotePercentage(uint256 _min) external onlyOwner {
              // 1000 is 100%
              require(_min <= 1000, "min vote percentage too high");
              emit UpdateMinVotePercentage(minVotePercentage, _min);
              minVotePercentage = _min;
          }
          function setMaxReserveFactor(uint256 _factor) external onlyOwner {
              require(_factor > minReserveFactor, "max reserve factor too low");
              emit UpdateMaxReserveFactor(maxReserveFactor, _factor);
              maxReserveFactor = _factor;
          }
          function setMinReserveFactor(uint256 _factor) external onlyOwner {
              require(_factor < maxReserveFactor, "min reserve factor too high");
              emit UpdateMinReserveFactor(minReserveFactor, _factor);
              minReserveFactor = _factor;
          }
          function setFeeReceiver(address payable _receiver) external onlyOwner {
              require(_receiver != address(0), "fees cannot go to 0 address");
              emit UpdateFeeReceiver(feeReceiver, _receiver);
              feeReceiver = _receiver;
          }
      }// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "../IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable.sol";
      import "../../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Implementation of the {IERC721Receiver} interface.
       *
       * Accepts all token transfers.
       * Make sure the contract is able to use its token with {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}, {IERC721-approve} or {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
       */
      contract ERC721HolderUpgradeable is Initializable, IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable {
          function __ERC721Holder_init() internal initializer {
              __ERC721Holder_init_unchained();
          }
          function __ERC721Holder_init_unchained() internal initializer {
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}.
           *
           * Always returns `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
           */
          function onERC721Received(
              address,
              address,
              uint256,
              bytes memory
          ) public virtual override returns (bytes4) {
              return this.onERC721Received.selector;
          }
          uint256[50] private __gap;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "./IERC20Upgradeable.sol";
      import "./extensions/IERC20MetadataUpgradeable.sol";
      import "../../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
      import "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
       *
       * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
       * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
       * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
       *
       * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
       * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
       * to implement supply mechanisms].
       *
       * We have followed general OpenZeppelin guidelines: functions revert instead
       * of returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless conventional
       * and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20 applications.
       *
       * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
       * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
       * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
       * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
       *
       * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
       * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
       * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
       */
      contract ERC20Upgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, IERC20Upgradeable, IERC20MetadataUpgradeable {
          mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;
          mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;
          uint256 private _totalSupply;
          string private _name;
          string private _symbol;
          /**
           * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
           *
           * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
           * {decimals} you should overload it.
           *
           * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
           * construction.
           */
          function __ERC20_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal initializer {
              __Context_init_unchained();
              __ERC20_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
          }
          function __ERC20_init_unchained(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal initializer {
              _name = name_;
              _symbol = symbol_;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the name of the token.
           */
          function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
              return _name;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
           * name.
           */
          function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
              return _symbol;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
           * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
           * be displayed to a user as `5,05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
           *
           * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
           * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
           * overridden;
           *
           * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
           * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
           * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
           */
          function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
              return 18;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
           */
          function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
              return _totalSupply;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
           */
          function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
              return _balances[account];
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
           * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
           */
          function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
              _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
           */
          function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
              return _allowances[owner][spender];
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
           */
          function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
              _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
           * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
           * - the caller must have allowance for ``sender``'s tokens of at least
           * `amount`.
           */
          function transferFrom(
              address sender,
              address recipient,
              uint256 amount
          ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
              _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
              uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[sender][_msgSender()];
              require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance");
              unchecked {
                  _approve(sender, _msgSender(), currentAllowance - amount);
              }
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
           *
           * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
           * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
           */
          function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
              _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender] + addedValue);
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
           *
           * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
           * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
           * `subtractedValue`.
           */
          function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
              uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[_msgSender()][spender];
              require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
              unchecked {
                  _approve(_msgSender(), spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
              }
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `sender` to `recipient`.
           *
           * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
           * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
           */
          function _transfer(
              address sender,
              address recipient,
              uint256 amount
          ) internal virtual {
              require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
              require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
              _beforeTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);
              uint256 senderBalance = _balances[sender];
              require(senderBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
              unchecked {
                  _balances[sender] = senderBalance - amount;
              }
              _balances[recipient] += amount;
              emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
              _afterTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);
          }
          /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
           * the total supply.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
           */
          function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
              require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");
              _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
              _totalSupply += amount;
              _balances[account] += amount;
              emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
              _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
           * total supply.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
           */
          function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
              require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");
              _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
              uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
              require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
              unchecked {
                  _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
              }
              _totalSupply -= amount;
              emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
              _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
           *
           * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
           * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
           */
          function _approve(
              address owner,
              address spender,
              uint256 amount
          ) internal virtual {
              require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
              require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");
              _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
              emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
           * minting and burning.
           *
           * Calling conditions:
           *
           * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
           * will be transferred to `to`.
           * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
           * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
           * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
           *
           * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
           */
          function _beforeTokenTransfer(
              address from,
              address to,
              uint256 amount
          ) internal virtual {}
          /**
           * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
           * minting and burning.
           *
           * Calling conditions:
           *
           * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
           * has been transferred to `to`.
           * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
           * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
           * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
           *
           * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
           */
          function _afterTokenTransfer(
              address from,
              address to,
              uint256 amount
          ) internal virtual {}
          uint256[45] private __gap;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /*
       * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
       * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
       * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
       * manner, since when dealing with GSN meta-transactions the account sending and
       * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
       * is concerned).
       *
       * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
       */
      abstract contract Context {
          function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
              return msg.sender;
          }
          function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
              this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
              return msg.data;
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
       */
      interface IERC20 {
          /**
           * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
           */
          function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
           */
          function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
          /**
           * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
           *
           * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           */
          function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
           * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
           * zero by default.
           *
           * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
           */
          function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
          /**
           * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
           *
           * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
           *
           * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
           * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
           * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
           * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
           * desired value afterwards:
           * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event.
           */
          function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
          /**
           * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
           * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
           * allowance.
           *
           * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           */
          function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
           * another (`to`).
           *
           * Note that `value` may be zero.
           */
          event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
           * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
           */
          event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "../../introspection/IERC165.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
       */
      interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
           */
          event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
           */
          event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
           */
          event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
           */
          function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `tokenId` must exist.
           */
          function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);
          /**
           * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
           * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
           * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
           * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           */
          function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
          /**
           * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
           *
           * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
           * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           */
          function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
          /**
           * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
           * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
           *
           * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
           * - `tokenId` must exist.
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event.
           */
          function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
          /**
           * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `tokenId` must exist.
           */
          function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);
          /**
           * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
           * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
           *
           * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
           */
          function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;
          /**
           * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
           *
           * See {setApprovalForAll}
           */
          function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
          /**
            * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
            *
            * Requirements:
            *
            * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
            * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
            * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
            * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
            * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
            *
            * Emits a {Transfer} event.
            */
          function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes calldata data) external;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "./IERC721.sol";
      /**
       * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
       * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
       */
      interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
          /**
           * @dev Returns the token collection name.
           */
          function name() external view returns (string memory);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
           */
          function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
           */
          function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "./IERC721.sol";
      /**
       * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
       * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
       */
      interface IERC721Enumerable is IERC721 {
          /**
           * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
           */
          function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
          /**
           * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
           * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
           */
          function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256 tokenId);
          /**
           * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
           * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
           */
          function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
       * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
       * from ERC721 asset contracts.
       */
      interface IERC721Receiver {
          /**
           * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
           * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
           *
           * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
           * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
           *
           * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721.onERC721Received.selector`.
           */
          function onERC721Received(address operator, address from, uint256 tokenId, bytes calldata data) external returns (bytes4);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "./IERC165.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
       *
       * Contracts may inherit from this and call {_registerInterface} to declare
       * their support of an interface.
       */
      abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
          /**
           * @dev Mapping of interface ids to whether or not it's supported.
           */
          mapping(bytes4 => bool) private _supportedInterfaces;
          constructor () {
              // Derived contracts need only register support for their own interfaces,
              // we register support for ERC165 itself here
              _registerInterface(type(IERC165).interfaceId);
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
           *
           * Time complexity O(1), guaranteed to always use less than 30 000 gas.
           */
          function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
              return _supportedInterfaces[interfaceId];
          }
          /**
           * @dev Registers the contract as an implementer of the interface defined by
           * `interfaceId`. Support of the actual ERC165 interface is automatic and
           * registering its interface id is not required.
           *
           * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `interfaceId` cannot be the ERC165 invalid interface (`0xffffffff`).
           */
          function _registerInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) internal virtual {
              require(interfaceId != 0xffffffff, "ERC165: invalid interface id");
              _supportedInterfaces[interfaceId] = true;
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
       */
      library Address {
          /**
           * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
           *
           * [IMPORTANT]
           * ====
           * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
           * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
           *
           * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
           * types of addresses:
           *
           *  - an externally-owned account
           *  - a contract in construction
           *  - an address where a contract will be created
           *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
           * ====
           */
          function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
              // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
              // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
              // constructor execution.
              uint256 size;
              // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
              assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
              return size > 0;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
           * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
           *
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
           * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
           * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
           * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
           *
           * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
           *
           * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
           * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
           * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
           * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
           */
          function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
              require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
              // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
              (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
              require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
           * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
           * function instead.
           *
           * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
           * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
           *
           * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
           * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `target` must be a contract.
           * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
           *
           * _Available since v3.1._
           */
          function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
           * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
           *
           * _Available since v3.1._
           */
          function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
           * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
           * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
           *
           * _Available since v3.1._
           */
          function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
           * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
           *
           * _Available since v3.1._
           */
          function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
              require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
              // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
              (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: value }(data);
              return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
           * but performing a static call.
           *
           * _Available since v3.3._
           */
          function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
              return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
           * but performing a static call.
           *
           * _Available since v3.3._
           */
          function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
              require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
              // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
              (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
              return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
           * but performing a delegate call.
           *
           * _Available since v3.4._
           */
          function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
           * but performing a delegate call.
           *
           * _Available since v3.4._
           */
          function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
              require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
              // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
              (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
              return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
          }
          function _verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure returns(bytes memory) {
              if (success) {
                  return returndata;
              } else {
                  // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                  if (returndata.length > 0) {
                      // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                      // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                      assembly {
                          let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                          revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                      }
                  } else {
                      revert(errorMessage);
                  }
              }
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev Library for managing
       * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)[sets] of primitive
       * types.
       *
       * Sets have the following properties:
       *
       * - Elements are added, removed, and checked for existence in constant time
       * (O(1)).
       * - Elements are enumerated in O(n). No guarantees are made on the ordering.
       *
       * ```
       * contract Example {
       *     // Add the library methods
       *     using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;
       *
       *     // Declare a set state variable
       *     EnumerableSet.AddressSet private mySet;
       * }
       * ```
       *
       * As of v3.3.0, sets of type `bytes32` (`Bytes32Set`), `address` (`AddressSet`)
       * and `uint256` (`UintSet`) are supported.
       */
      library EnumerableSet {
          // To implement this library for multiple types with as little code
          // repetition as possible, we write it in terms of a generic Set type with
          // bytes32 values.
          // The Set implementation uses private functions, and user-facing
          // implementations (such as AddressSet) are just wrappers around the
          // underlying Set.
          // This means that we can only create new EnumerableSets for types that fit
          // in bytes32.
          struct Set {
              // Storage of set values
              bytes32[] _values;
              // Position of the value in the `values` array, plus 1 because index 0
              // means a value is not in the set.
              mapping (bytes32 => uint256) _indexes;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
           *
           * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
           * already present.
           */
          function _add(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
              if (!_contains(set, value)) {
                  set._values.push(value);
                  // The value is stored at length-1, but we add 1 to all indexes
                  // and use 0 as a sentinel value
                  set._indexes[value] = set._values.length;
                  return true;
              } else {
                  return false;
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
           *
           * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
           * present.
           */
          function _remove(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
              // We read and store the value's index to prevent multiple reads from the same storage slot
              uint256 valueIndex = set._indexes[value];
              if (valueIndex != 0) { // Equivalent to contains(set, value)
                  // To delete an element from the _values array in O(1), we swap the element to delete with the last one in
                  // the array, and then remove the last element (sometimes called as 'swap and pop').
                  // This modifies the order of the array, as noted in {at}.
                  uint256 toDeleteIndex = valueIndex - 1;
                  uint256 lastIndex = set._values.length - 1;
                  // When the value to delete is the last one, the swap operation is unnecessary. However, since this occurs
                  // so rarely, we still do the swap anyway to avoid the gas cost of adding an 'if' statement.
                  bytes32 lastvalue = set._values[lastIndex];
                  // Move the last value to the index where the value to delete is
                  set._values[toDeleteIndex] = lastvalue;
                  // Update the index for the moved value
                  set._indexes[lastvalue] = toDeleteIndex + 1; // All indexes are 1-based
                  // Delete the slot where the moved value was stored
                  set._values.pop();
                  // Delete the index for the deleted slot
                  delete set._indexes[value];
                  return true;
              } else {
                  return false;
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
           */
          function _contains(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private view returns (bool) {
              return set._indexes[value] != 0;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the number of values on the set. O(1).
           */
          function _length(Set storage set) private view returns (uint256) {
              return set._values.length;
          }
         /**
          * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
          *
          * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
          * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
          *
          * Requirements:
          *
          * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
          */
          function _at(Set storage set, uint256 index) private view returns (bytes32) {
              require(set._values.length > index, "EnumerableSet: index out of bounds");
              return set._values[index];
          }
          // Bytes32Set
          struct Bytes32Set {
              Set _inner;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
           *
           * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
           * already present.
           */
          function add(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
              return _add(set._inner, value);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
           *
           * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
           * present.
           */
          function remove(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
              return _remove(set._inner, value);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
           */
          function contains(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal view returns (bool) {
              return _contains(set._inner, value);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
           */
          function length(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
              return _length(set._inner);
          }
         /**
          * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
          *
          * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
          * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
          *
          * Requirements:
          *
          * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
          */
          function at(Bytes32Set storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (bytes32) {
              return _at(set._inner, index);
          }
          // AddressSet
          struct AddressSet {
              Set _inner;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
           *
           * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
           * already present.
           */
          function add(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
              return _add(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
           *
           * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
           * present.
           */
          function remove(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
              return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
           */
          function contains(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal view returns (bool) {
              return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
           */
          function length(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
              return _length(set._inner);
          }
         /**
          * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
          *
          * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
          * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
          *
          * Requirements:
          *
          * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
          */
          function at(AddressSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (address) {
              return address(uint160(uint256(_at(set._inner, index))));
          }
          // UintSet
          struct UintSet {
              Set _inner;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
           *
           * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
           * already present.
           */
          function add(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
              return _add(set._inner, bytes32(value));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
           *
           * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
           * present.
           */
          function remove(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
              return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(value));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
           */
          function contains(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal view returns (bool) {
              return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(value));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the number of values on the set. O(1).
           */
          function length(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
              return _length(set._inner);
          }
         /**
          * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
          *
          * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
          * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
          *
          * Requirements:
          *
          * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
          */
          function at(UintSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256) {
              return uint256(_at(set._inner, index));
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev Library for managing an enumerable variant of Solidity's
       * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/types.html#mapping-types[`mapping`]
       * type.
       *
       * Maps have the following properties:
       *
       * - Entries are added, removed, and checked for existence in constant time
       * (O(1)).
       * - Entries are enumerated in O(n). No guarantees are made on the ordering.
       *
       * ```
       * contract Example {
       *     // Add the library methods
       *     using EnumerableMap for EnumerableMap.UintToAddressMap;
       *
       *     // Declare a set state variable
       *     EnumerableMap.UintToAddressMap private myMap;
       * }
       * ```
       *
       * As of v3.0.0, only maps of type `uint256 -> address` (`UintToAddressMap`) are
       * supported.
       */
      library EnumerableMap {
          // To implement this library for multiple types with as little code
          // repetition as possible, we write it in terms of a generic Map type with
          // bytes32 keys and values.
          // The Map implementation uses private functions, and user-facing
          // implementations (such as Uint256ToAddressMap) are just wrappers around
          // the underlying Map.
          // This means that we can only create new EnumerableMaps for types that fit
          // in bytes32.
          struct MapEntry {
              bytes32 _key;
              bytes32 _value;
          }
          struct Map {
              // Storage of map keys and values
              MapEntry[] _entries;
              // Position of the entry defined by a key in the `entries` array, plus 1
              // because index 0 means a key is not in the map.
              mapping (bytes32 => uint256) _indexes;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Adds a key-value pair to a map, or updates the value for an existing
           * key. O(1).
           *
           * Returns true if the key was added to the map, that is if it was not
           * already present.
           */
          function _set(Map storage map, bytes32 key, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
              // We read and store the key's index to prevent multiple reads from the same storage slot
              uint256 keyIndex = map._indexes[key];
              if (keyIndex == 0) { // Equivalent to !contains(map, key)
                  map._entries.push(MapEntry({ _key: key, _value: value }));
                  // The entry is stored at length-1, but we add 1 to all indexes
                  // and use 0 as a sentinel value
                  map._indexes[key] = map._entries.length;
                  return true;
              } else {
                  map._entries[keyIndex - 1]._value = value;
                  return false;
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Removes a key-value pair from a map. O(1).
           *
           * Returns true if the key was removed from the map, that is if it was present.
           */
          function _remove(Map storage map, bytes32 key) private returns (bool) {
              // We read and store the key's index to prevent multiple reads from the same storage slot
              uint256 keyIndex = map._indexes[key];
              if (keyIndex != 0) { // Equivalent to contains(map, key)
                  // To delete a key-value pair from the _entries array in O(1), we swap the entry to delete with the last one
                  // in the array, and then remove the last entry (sometimes called as 'swap and pop').
                  // This modifies the order of the array, as noted in {at}.
                  uint256 toDeleteIndex = keyIndex - 1;
                  uint256 lastIndex = map._entries.length - 1;
                  // When the entry to delete is the last one, the swap operation is unnecessary. However, since this occurs
                  // so rarely, we still do the swap anyway to avoid the gas cost of adding an 'if' statement.
                  MapEntry storage lastEntry = map._entries[lastIndex];
                  // Move the last entry to the index where the entry to delete is
                  map._entries[toDeleteIndex] = lastEntry;
                  // Update the index for the moved entry
                  map._indexes[lastEntry._key] = toDeleteIndex + 1; // All indexes are 1-based
                  // Delete the slot where the moved entry was stored
                  map._entries.pop();
                  // Delete the index for the deleted slot
                  delete map._indexes[key];
                  return true;
              } else {
                  return false;
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns true if the key is in the map. O(1).
           */
          function _contains(Map storage map, bytes32 key) private view returns (bool) {
              return map._indexes[key] != 0;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the number of key-value pairs in the map. O(1).
           */
          function _length(Map storage map) private view returns (uint256) {
              return map._entries.length;
          }
         /**
          * @dev Returns the key-value pair stored at position `index` in the map. O(1).
          *
          * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of entries inside the
          * array, and it may change when more entries are added or removed.
          *
          * Requirements:
          *
          * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
          */
          function _at(Map storage map, uint256 index) private view returns (bytes32, bytes32) {
              require(map._entries.length > index, "EnumerableMap: index out of bounds");
              MapEntry storage entry = map._entries[index];
              return (entry._key, entry._value);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Tries to returns the value associated with `key`.  O(1).
           * Does not revert if `key` is not in the map.
           */
          function _tryGet(Map storage map, bytes32 key) private view returns (bool, bytes32) {
              uint256 keyIndex = map._indexes[key];
              if (keyIndex == 0) return (false, 0); // Equivalent to contains(map, key)
              return (true, map._entries[keyIndex - 1]._value); // All indexes are 1-based
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the value associated with `key`.  O(1).
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `key` must be in the map.
           */
          function _get(Map storage map, bytes32 key) private view returns (bytes32) {
              uint256 keyIndex = map._indexes[key];
              require(keyIndex != 0, "EnumerableMap: nonexistent key"); // Equivalent to contains(map, key)
              return map._entries[keyIndex - 1]._value; // All indexes are 1-based
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {_get}, with a custom error message when `key` is not in the map.
           *
           * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
           * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {_tryGet}.
           */
          function _get(Map storage map, bytes32 key, string memory errorMessage) private view returns (bytes32) {
              uint256 keyIndex = map._indexes[key];
              require(keyIndex != 0, errorMessage); // Equivalent to contains(map, key)
              return map._entries[keyIndex - 1]._value; // All indexes are 1-based
          }
          // UintToAddressMap
          struct UintToAddressMap {
              Map _inner;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Adds a key-value pair to a map, or updates the value for an existing
           * key. O(1).
           *
           * Returns true if the key was added to the map, that is if it was not
           * already present.
           */
          function set(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key, address value) internal returns (bool) {
              return _set(map._inner, bytes32(key), bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
           *
           * Returns true if the key was removed from the map, that is if it was present.
           */
          function remove(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key) internal returns (bool) {
              return _remove(map._inner, bytes32(key));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns true if the key is in the map. O(1).
           */
          function contains(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (bool) {
              return _contains(map._inner, bytes32(key));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the number of elements in the map. O(1).
           */
          function length(UintToAddressMap storage map) internal view returns (uint256) {
              return _length(map._inner);
          }
         /**
          * @dev Returns the element stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
          * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
          * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
          *
          * Requirements:
          *
          * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
          */
          function at(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256, address) {
              (bytes32 key, bytes32 value) = _at(map._inner, index);
              return (uint256(key), address(uint160(uint256(value))));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Tries to returns the value associated with `key`.  O(1).
           * Does not revert if `key` is not in the map.
           *
           * _Available since v3.4._
           */
          function tryGet(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (bool, address) {
              (bool success, bytes32 value) = _tryGet(map._inner, bytes32(key));
              return (success, address(uint160(uint256(value))));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the value associated with `key`.  O(1).
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `key` must be in the map.
           */
          function get(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (address) {
              return address(uint160(uint256(_get(map._inner, bytes32(key)))));
          }
          /**
           * @dev Same as {get}, with a custom error message when `key` is not in the map.
           *
           * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
           * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryGet}.
           */
          function get(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key, string memory errorMessage) internal view returns (address) {
              return address(uint160(uint256(_get(map._inner, bytes32(key), errorMessage))));
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev String operations.
       */
      library Strings {
          bytes16 private constant alphabet = "0123456789abcdef";
          /**
           * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
           */
          function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
              // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
              // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol
              if (value == 0) {
                  return "0";
              }
              uint256 temp = value;
              uint256 digits;
              while (temp != 0) {
                  digits++;
                  temp /= 10;
              }
              bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
              while (value != 0) {
                  digits -= 1;
                  buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
                  value /= 10;
              }
              return string(buffer);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
           */
          function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
              if (value == 0) {
                  return "0x00";
              }
              uint256 temp = value;
              uint256 length = 0;
              while (temp != 0) {
                  length++;
                  temp >>= 8;
              }
              return toHexString(value, length);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
           */
          function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
              bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
              buffer[0] = "0";
              buffer[1] = "x";
              for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
                  buffer[i] = alphabet[value & 0xf];
                  value >>= 4;
              }
              require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
              return string(buffer);
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
       * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
       *
       * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
       * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
       *
       * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
       */
      interface IERC165 {
          /**
           * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
           * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
           * to learn more about how these ids are created.
           *
           * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
           */
          function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "../utils/Context.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
       * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
       * specific functions.
       *
       * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
       * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
       *
       * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
       * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
       * the owner.
       */
      abstract contract Ownable is Context {
          address private _owner;
          event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
          /**
           * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
           */
          constructor () {
              address msgSender = _msgSender();
              _owner = msgSender;
              emit OwnershipTransferred(address(0), msgSender);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
           */
          function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
              return _owner;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
           */
          modifier onlyOwner() {
              require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
              _;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
           * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
           *
           * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
           * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
           */
          function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
              emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, address(0));
              _owner = address(0);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
           * Can only be called by the current owner.
           */
          function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
              require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
              emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, newOwner);
              _owner = newOwner;
          }
      }
      //SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      interface ISettings {
          function maxAuctionLength() external returns(uint256);
          function minAuctionLength() external returns(uint256);
          function maxCuratorFee() external returns(uint256);
          function governanceFee() external returns(uint256);
          function minBidIncrease() external returns(uint256);
          function minVotePercentage() external returns(uint256);
          function maxReserveFactor() external returns(uint256);
          function minReserveFactor() external returns(uint256);
          function feeReceiver() external returns(address payable);
      }// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
       * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
       * from ERC721 asset contracts.
       */
      interface IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable {
          /**
           * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
           * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
           *
           * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
           * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
           *
           * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721.onERC721Received.selector`.
           */
          function onERC721Received(
              address operator,
              address from,
              uint256 tokenId,
              bytes calldata data
          ) external returns (bytes4);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
       * behind a proxy. Since a proxied contract can't have a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
       * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
       * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
       *
       * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
       * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
       *
       * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
       * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
       */
      abstract contract Initializable {
          /**
           * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
           */
          bool private _initialized;
          /**
           * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
           */
          bool private _initializing;
          /**
           * @dev Modifier to protect an initializer function from being invoked twice.
           */
          modifier initializer() {
              require(_initializing || !_initialized, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
              bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
              if (isTopLevelCall) {
                  _initializing = true;
                  _initialized = true;
              }
              _;
              if (isTopLevelCall) {
                  _initializing = false;
              }
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
       */
      interface IERC20Upgradeable {
          /**
           * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
           */
          function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
           */
          function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
          /**
           * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
           *
           * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           */
          function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
           * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
           * zero by default.
           *
           * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
           */
          function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
          /**
           * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
           *
           * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
           *
           * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
           * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
           * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
           * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
           * desired value afterwards:
           * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event.
           */
          function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
          /**
           * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
           * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
           * allowance.
           *
           * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           */
          function transferFrom(
              address sender,
              address recipient,
              uint256 amount
          ) external returns (bool);
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
           * another (`to`).
           *
           * Note that `value` may be zero.
           */
          event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
           * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
           */
          event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "../IERC20Upgradeable.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
       *
       * _Available since v4.1._
       */
      interface IERC20MetadataUpgradeable is IERC20Upgradeable {
          /**
           * @dev Returns the name of the token.
           */
          function name() external view returns (string memory);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
           */
          function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
           */
          function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
      /*
       * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
       * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
       * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
       * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
       * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
       * is concerned).
       *
       * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
       */
      abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
          function __Context_init() internal initializer {
              __Context_init_unchained();
          }
          function __Context_init_unchained() internal initializer {
          }
          function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
              return msg.sender;
          }
          function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
              return msg.data;
          }
          uint256[50] private __gap;
      }