ETH Price: $2,419.93 (-4.28%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
21634038 at Jan-16-2025 02:23:35 AM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.000254952929914464 ETH $0.62
Gas Used:
65,056 Gas / 3.918976419 Gwei

Emitted Events:

165 MerkleAirdrop.MerkleAirdrop__Claimed( _recipient=[Sender] 0xb1e66e5312520b28809dc16aa83da71855e4cc11, _amount=161570760825344520 )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
(Titan Builder)
10.94906964910215583 Eth10.94912902395684383 Eth0.000059374854688
0xA2431B0f...7eDD50F6e 652.116459463663595663 Eth651.954888702838251143 Eth0.16157076082534452
0xb1E66E53...855E4Cc11
1.286396031463216568 Eth
Nonce: 21
1.447711839358646624 Eth
Nonce: 22
0.161315807895430056

Execution Trace

MerkleAirdrop.claim( )
  • ETH 0.16157076082534452 0xb1e66e5312520b28809dc16aa83da71855e4cc11.CALL( )
    // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 P2P Validator <[email protected]>
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity 0.8.27;
    import "./@openzeppelin/access/Ownable2Step.sol";
    import "./@openzeppelin/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol";
    import "./@openzeppelin/utils/Address.sol";
    error MerkleAirdrop__AlreadyClaimed();
    error MerkleAirdrop__InvalidProof();
    error MerkleAirdrop__SameRoot();
    error MerkleAirdrop__ZeroAddress();
    contract MerkleAirdrop is Ownable2Step {
        bytes32 public merkleRoot;
        mapping(address => bool) public claimed;
        event MerkleAirdrop__MerkleRootSet(bytes32 _merkleRoot);
        event MerkleAirdrop__EtherRecovered(address _recipient, uint256 _amount);
        event MerkleAirdrop__Claimed(address indexed _recipient, uint256 _amount);
        constructor(bytes32 _merkleRoot) payable {
            merkleRoot = _merkleRoot;
            emit MerkleAirdrop__MerkleRootSet(_merkleRoot);
        }
        function setMerkleRoot(bytes32 _merkleRoot) external onlyOwner {
            require (_merkleRoot != merkleRoot, MerkleAirdrop__SameRoot());
            merkleRoot = _merkleRoot;
            emit MerkleAirdrop__MerkleRootSet(_merkleRoot);
        }
        function claim(uint256 _amount, bytes32[] calldata _merkleProof) external {
            require(!claimed[msg.sender], MerkleAirdrop__AlreadyClaimed());
            // Compute the leaf node
            bytes32 leaf = keccak256(bytes.concat(keccak256(abi.encode(msg.sender, _amount))));
            // Verify the Merkle proof
            require(
                MerkleProof.verify(_merkleProof, merkleRoot, leaf),
                MerkleAirdrop__InvalidProof()
            );
            // Mark address as claimed and transfer the ETH
            claimed[msg.sender] = true;
            emit MerkleAirdrop__Claimed(msg.sender, _amount);
            Address.sendValue(payable(msg.sender), _amount);
        }
        function recoverEther(address payable _recipient) external onlyOwner {
            require (_recipient != address(0), MerkleAirdrop__ZeroAddress());
            emit MerkleAirdrop__EtherRecovered(_recipient, address(this).balance);
            Address.sendValue(_recipient, address(this).balance);
        }
        // Function to allow the contract to receive ETH
        receive() external payable {}
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable2Step.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "./Ownable.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Contract module which provides access control mechanism, where
     * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
     * specific functions.
     *
     * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
     * can later be changed with {transferOwnership} and {acceptOwnership}.
     *
     * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available all functions
     * from parent (Ownable).
     */
    abstract contract Ownable2Step is Ownable {
        address private _pendingOwner;
        event OwnershipTransferStarted(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the address of the pending owner.
         */
        function pendingOwner() public view virtual returns (address) {
            return _pendingOwner;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Starts the ownership transfer of the contract to a new account. Replaces the pending transfer if there is one.
         * Can only be called by the current owner.
         */
        function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual override onlyOwner {
            _pendingOwner = newOwner;
            emit OwnershipTransferStarted(owner(), newOwner);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`) and deletes any pending owner.
         * Internal function without access restriction.
         */
        function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual override {
            delete _pendingOwner;
            super._transferOwnership(newOwner);
        }
        /**
         * @dev The new owner accepts the ownership transfer.
         */
        function acceptOwnership() public virtual {
            address sender = _msgSender();
            require(pendingOwner() == sender, "Ownable2Step: caller is not the new owner");
            _transferOwnership(sender);
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.2) (utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev These functions deal with verification of Merkle Tree proofs.
     *
     * The tree and the proofs can be generated using our
     * https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/merkle-tree[JavaScript library].
     * You will find a quickstart guide in the readme.
     *
     * WARNING: You should avoid using leaf values that are 64 bytes long prior to
     * hashing, or use a hash function other than keccak256 for hashing leaves.
     * This is because the concatenation of a sorted pair of internal nodes in
     * the merkle tree could be reinterpreted as a leaf value.
     * OpenZeppelin's JavaScript library generates merkle trees that are safe
     * against this attack out of the box.
     */
    library MerkleProof {
        /**
         * @dev Returns true if a `leaf` can be proved to be a part of a Merkle tree
         * defined by `root`. For this, a `proof` must be provided, containing
         * sibling hashes on the branch from the leaf to the root of the tree. Each
         * pair of leaves and each pair of pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
         */
        function verify(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
            return processProof(proof, leaf) == root;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Calldata version of {verify}
         *
         * _Available since v4.7._
         */
        function verifyCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
            return processProofCalldata(proof, leaf) == root;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the rebuilt hash obtained by traversing a Merkle tree up
         * from `leaf` using `proof`. A `proof` is valid if and only if the rebuilt
         * hash matches the root of the tree. When processing the proof, the pairs
         * of leafs & pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
         *
         * _Available since v4.4._
         */
        function processProof(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
            bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
                computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
            }
            return computedHash;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Calldata version of {processProof}
         *
         * _Available since v4.7._
         */
        function processProofCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
            bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
                computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
            }
            return computedHash;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns true if the `leaves` can be simultaneously proven to be a part of a merkle tree defined by
         * `root`, according to `proof` and `proofFlags` as described in {processMultiProof}.
         *
         * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
         *
         * _Available since v4.7._
         */
        function multiProofVerify(
            bytes32[] memory proof,
            bool[] memory proofFlags,
            bytes32 root,
            bytes32[] memory leaves
        ) internal pure returns (bool) {
            return processMultiProof(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Calldata version of {multiProofVerify}
         *
         * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
         *
         * _Available since v4.7._
         */
        function multiProofVerifyCalldata(
            bytes32[] calldata proof,
            bool[] calldata proofFlags,
            bytes32 root,
            bytes32[] memory leaves
        ) internal pure returns (bool) {
            return processMultiProofCalldata(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the root of a tree reconstructed from `leaves` and sibling nodes in `proof`. The reconstruction
         * proceeds by incrementally reconstructing all inner nodes by combining a leaf/inner node with either another
         * leaf/inner node or a proof sibling node, depending on whether each `proofFlags` item is true or false
         * respectively.
         *
         * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. To use multiproofs, it is sufficient to ensure that: 1) the tree
         * is complete (but not necessarily perfect), 2) the leaves to be proven are in the opposite order they are in the
         * tree (i.e., as seen from right to left starting at the deepest layer and continuing at the next layer).
         *
         * _Available since v4.7._
         */
        function processMultiProof(
            bytes32[] memory proof,
            bool[] memory proofFlags,
            bytes32[] memory leaves
        ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
            // This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
            // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
            // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
            // the merkle tree.
            uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
            uint256 proofLen = proof.length;
            uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;
            // Check proof validity.
            require(leavesLen + proofLen - 1 == totalHashes, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");
            // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
            // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
            bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
            uint256 leafPos = 0;
            uint256 hashPos = 0;
            uint256 proofPos = 0;
            // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
            // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
            //   get the next hash.
            // - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
            //   `proof` array.
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
                bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
                bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
                    ? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
                    : proof[proofPos++];
                hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
            }
            if (totalHashes > 0) {
                require(proofPos == proofLen, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");
                unchecked {
                    return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
                }
            } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
                return leaves[0];
            } else {
                return proof[0];
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Calldata version of {processMultiProof}.
         *
         * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
         *
         * _Available since v4.7._
         */
        function processMultiProofCalldata(
            bytes32[] calldata proof,
            bool[] calldata proofFlags,
            bytes32[] memory leaves
        ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
            // This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
            // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
            // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
            // the merkle tree.
            uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
            uint256 proofLen = proof.length;
            uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;
            // Check proof validity.
            require(leavesLen + proofLen - 1 == totalHashes, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");
            // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
            // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
            bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
            uint256 leafPos = 0;
            uint256 hashPos = 0;
            uint256 proofPos = 0;
            // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
            // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
            //   get the next hash.
            // - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
            //   `proof` array.
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
                bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
                bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
                    ? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
                    : proof[proofPos++];
                hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
            }
            if (totalHashes > 0) {
                require(proofPos == proofLen, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");
                unchecked {
                    return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
                }
            } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
                return leaves[0];
            } else {
                return proof[0];
            }
        }
        function _hashPair(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32) {
            return a < b ? _efficientHash(a, b) : _efficientHash(b, a);
        }
        function _efficientHash(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32 value) {
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                mstore(0x00, a)
                mstore(0x20, b)
                value := keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
    /**
     * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
     */
    library Address {
        /**
         * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
         *
         * [IMPORTANT]
         * ====
         * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
         * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
         *
         * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
         * types of addresses:
         *
         *  - an externally-owned account
         *  - a contract in construction
         *  - an address where a contract will be created
         *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
         *
         * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
         * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
         * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
         * ====
         *
         * [IMPORTANT]
         * ====
         * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
         *
         * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
         * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
         * constructor.
         * ====
         */
        function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
            // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
            // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
            // of the constructor execution.
            return account.code.length > 0;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
         * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
         *
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
         * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
         * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
         * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
         *
         * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
         *
         * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
         * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
         * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
         * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
         */
        function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
            require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
            (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
            require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
         * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
         * function instead.
         *
         * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
         * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
         *
         * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
         * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `target` must be a contract.
         * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
         * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
         * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
         * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 value,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
            return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a static call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.3._
         */
        function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a static call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.3._
         */
        function functionStaticCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
            return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a delegate call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a delegate call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function functionDelegateCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
            return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
         * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
         *
         * _Available since v4.8._
         */
        function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
            address target,
            bool success,
            bytes memory returndata,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
            if (success) {
                if (returndata.length == 0) {
                    // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                    // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                    require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                }
                return returndata;
            } else {
                _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
         * revert reason or using the provided one.
         *
         * _Available since v4.3._
         */
        function verifyCallResult(
            bool success,
            bytes memory returndata,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
            if (success) {
                return returndata;
            } else {
                _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
            }
        }
        function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../utils/Context.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
     * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
     * specific functions.
     *
     * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
     * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
     *
     * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
     * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
     * the owner.
     */
    abstract contract Ownable is Context {
        address private _owner;
        event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
        /**
         * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
         */
        constructor() {
            _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
        }
        /**
         * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
         */
        modifier onlyOwner() {
            _checkOwner();
            _;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
         */
        function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
            return _owner;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
         */
        function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
            require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
         * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
         *
         * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
         * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
         */
        function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
            _transferOwnership(address(0));
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
         * Can only be called by the current owner.
         */
        function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
            require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
            _transferOwnership(newOwner);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
         * Internal function without access restriction.
         */
        function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
            address oldOwner = _owner;
            _owner = newOwner;
            emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.4) (utils/Context.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
     * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
     * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
     * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
     * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
     * is concerned).
     *
     * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
     */
    abstract contract Context {
        function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
            return msg.sender;
        }
        function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
            return msg.data;
        }
        function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
            return 0;
        }
    }