ETH Price: $2,639.45 (+3.29%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
14230764 at Feb-18-2022 02:58:35 PM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.012849356476704104 ETH $33.92
Gas Used:
94,472 Gas / 136.012326157 Gwei

Emitted Events:

85 X2Y2Token.Transfer( from=[Receiver] X2Y2Drop, to=[Sender] 0x9659979abaad35f39c7c85de91becd41dfd0f15a, value=415270000000000000000 )
86 X2Y2Drop.Airdrop( receiver=[Sender] 0x9659979abaad35f39c7c85de91becd41dfd0f15a, amount=415270000000000000000 )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
(Hiveon Pool)
9,514.000167381023754192 Eth9,514.001782876647316936 Eth0.001615495623562744
0x1E4EDE38...a11ABEBC9
0x9659979a...1dFD0f15A
0.502164707894399646 Eth
Nonce: 236
0.489315351417695542 Eth
Nonce: 237
0.012849356476704104
0xe6949137...4449a41Fa
(X2Y2: X2Y2 Drop)

Execution Trace

X2Y2Drop.claim( totalAmount=415270000000000000000, v=28, r=4B71219D7E5D2D7E752AC684483C9C037261AB16A90A2857319142904220E065, s=4BAF251D985FEBC334E2E425F404B8AADA353355870749E8EB8F7A707AC3B79B, staking=False )
  • Null: 0x000...001.5e8275a8( )
  • X2Y2Token.transfer( recipient=0x9659979aBaAD35F39c7c85DE91bEcD41dFD0f15A, amount=415270000000000000000 ) => ( True )
    File 1 of 2: X2Y2Drop
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicensed
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    pragma abicoder v2;
    import '@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol';
    import '@openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol';
    import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol';
    import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol';
    import '@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol';
    import './IStakeFor.sol';
    contract X2Y2Drop is Ownable, Pausable {
        using SafeERC20 for IERC20;
        event Airdrop(address receiver, uint256 amount);
        event SignerUpdate(address signer, bool isRemoval);
        event StakingPoolUpdate(address pool);
        uint256 public constant MAX_AMOUNT_PER_ADDRESS = 1000 ether;
        uint256 public totalClaimed;
        uint256 public immutable startBlock;
        IERC20 public immutable token;
        IStakeFor public stakingPool;
        mapping(address => uint256) public claimed; // wallet -> amount claimed
        mapping(address => bool) public signers;
        constructor(
            IStakeFor pool_,
            IERC20 token_,
            address signer_,
            uint256 startBlock_
        ) {
            stakingPool = pool_;
            token = token_;
            startBlock = startBlock_;
            if (signer_ != address(0)) {
                signers[signer_] = true;
            }
        }
        function pause() external onlyOwner {
            _pause();
        }
        function unpause() external onlyOwner {
            _unpause();
        }
        function updateStakingPool(IStakeFor pool_) external onlyOwner {
            stakingPool = pool_;
            emit StakingPoolUpdate(address(pool_));
        }
        function updateSigners(address[] memory toAdd, address[] memory toRemove) external onlyOwner {
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < toAdd.length; i++) {
                signers[toAdd[i]] = true;
                emit SignerUpdate(toAdd[i], false);
            }
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < toRemove.length; i++) {
                delete signers[toRemove[i]];
                emit SignerUpdate(toRemove[i], true);
            }
        }
        function claim(
            uint256 totalAmount,
            uint8 v,
            bytes32 r,
            bytes32 s,
            bool staking
        ) external whenNotPaused {
            require(block.number >= startBlock, 'Claim: wait for start');
            uint256 amount = totalAmount - claimed[msg.sender];
            require(amount > 0, 'Claim: nothing to send');
            require(totalAmount <= MAX_AMOUNT_PER_ADDRESS, 'Claim: amount exceeds maximum');
            bytes32 hash = keccak256(abi.encode(msg.sender, totalAmount));
            address signer = ECDSA.recover(hash, v, r, s);
            require(signers[signer], 'Claim: signature error');
            claimed[msg.sender] = totalAmount;
            if (staking) {
                require(address(stakingPool) != address(0), 'Cannot stake to address(0)');
                token.approve(address(stakingPool), amount);
                require(stakingPool.depositFor(msg.sender, amount), 'Claim: deposit failed');
            } else {
                token.safeTransfer(msg.sender, amount);
            }
            totalClaimed += amount;
            emit Airdrop(msg.sender, amount);
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../utils/Context.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
     * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
     * specific functions.
     *
     * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
     * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
     *
     * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
     * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
     * the owner.
     */
    abstract contract Ownable is Context {
        address private _owner;
        event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
        /**
         * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
         */
        constructor() {
            _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
         */
        function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
            return _owner;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
         */
        modifier onlyOwner() {
            require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
            _;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
         * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
         *
         * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
         * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
         */
        function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
            _transferOwnership(address(0));
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
         * Can only be called by the current owner.
         */
        function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
            require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
            _transferOwnership(newOwner);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
         * Internal function without access restriction.
         */
        function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
            address oldOwner = _owner;
            _owner = newOwner;
            emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (security/Pausable.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../utils/Context.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
     * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
     *
     * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
     * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
     * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
     * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
     */
    abstract contract Pausable is Context {
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
         */
        event Paused(address account);
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
         */
        event Unpaused(address account);
        bool private _paused;
        /**
         * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
         */
        constructor() {
            _paused = false;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
         */
        function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
            return _paused;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The contract must not be paused.
         */
        modifier whenNotPaused() {
            require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
            _;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The contract must be paused.
         */
        modifier whenPaused() {
            require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
            _;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Triggers stopped state.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The contract must not be paused.
         */
        function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
            _paused = true;
            emit Paused(_msgSender());
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns to normal state.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The contract must be paused.
         */
        function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
            _paused = false;
            emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
     */
    interface IERC20 {
        /**
         * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
         */
        function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
         */
        function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
         * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
         * zero by default.
         *
         * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
         */
        function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
         * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
         * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
         * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
         * desired value afterwards:
         * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event.
         */
        function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
         * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
         * allowance.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function transferFrom(
            address sender,
            address recipient,
            uint256 amount
        ) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
         * another (`to`).
         *
         * Note that `value` may be zero.
         */
        event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
         * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
         */
        event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../IERC20.sol";
    import "../../../utils/Address.sol";
    /**
     * @title SafeERC20
     * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
     * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
     * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
     * successful.
     * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
     * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
     */
    library SafeERC20 {
        using Address for address;
        function safeTransfer(
            IERC20 token,
            address to,
            uint256 value
        ) internal {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
        }
        function safeTransferFrom(
            IERC20 token,
            address from,
            address to,
            uint256 value
        ) internal {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
        }
        /**
         * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
         * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
         *
         * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
         * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
         */
        function safeApprove(
            IERC20 token,
            address spender,
            uint256 value
        ) internal {
            // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
            // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
            // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
            require(
                (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
                "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
            );
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
        }
        function safeIncreaseAllowance(
            IERC20 token,
            address spender,
            uint256 value
        ) internal {
            uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
        function safeDecreaseAllowance(
            IERC20 token,
            address spender,
            uint256 value
        ) internal {
            unchecked {
                uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
                require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
                uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
                _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
         * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
         * @param token The token targeted by the call.
         * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
         */
        function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
            // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
            // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
            // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.
            bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // Return data is optional
                require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../Strings.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
     *
     * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
     * of the private keys of a given address.
     */
    library ECDSA {
        enum RecoverError {
            NoError,
            InvalidSignature,
            InvalidSignatureLength,
            InvalidSignatureS,
            InvalidSignatureV
        }
        function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
            if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
                return; // no error: do nothing
            } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
                revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
            } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
                revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
            } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
                revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
            } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureV) {
                revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 'v' value");
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
         * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
         *
         * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
         * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
         * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
         *
         * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
         * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
         * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
         * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
         * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
         *
         * Documentation for signature generation:
         * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
         * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
         *
         * _Available since v4.3._
         */
        function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
            // Check the signature length
            // - case 65: r,s,v signature (standard)
            // - case 64: r,vs signature (cf https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098) _Available since v4.1._
            if (signature.length == 65) {
                bytes32 r;
                bytes32 s;
                uint8 v;
                // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
                // currently is to use assembly.
                assembly {
                    r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                    s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                    v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
                }
                return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
            } else if (signature.length == 64) {
                bytes32 r;
                bytes32 vs;
                // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
                // currently is to use assembly.
                assembly {
                    r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                    vs := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                }
                return tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
            } else {
                return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
         * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
         *
         * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
         * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
         * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
         *
         * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
         * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
         * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
         * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
         * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
         */
        function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
            (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
            _throwError(error);
            return recovered;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
         *
         * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
         *
         * _Available since v4.3._
         */
        function tryRecover(
            bytes32 hash,
            bytes32 r,
            bytes32 vs
        ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            assembly {
                s := and(vs, 0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff)
                v := add(shr(255, vs), 27)
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
         *
         * _Available since v4.2._
         */
        function recover(
            bytes32 hash,
            bytes32 r,
            bytes32 vs
        ) internal pure returns (address) {
            (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
            _throwError(error);
            return recovered;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
         * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
         *
         * _Available since v4.3._
         */
        function tryRecover(
            bytes32 hash,
            uint8 v,
            bytes32 r,
            bytes32 s
        ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
            // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
            // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
            // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
            // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
            //
            // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
            // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
            // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
            // these malleable signatures as well.
            if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
                return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
            }
            if (v != 27 && v != 28) {
                return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureV);
            }
            // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
            address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
            if (signer == address(0)) {
                return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
            }
            return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
         * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
         */
        function recover(
            bytes32 hash,
            uint8 v,
            bytes32 r,
            bytes32 s
        ) internal pure returns (address) {
            (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
            _throwError(error);
            return recovered;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
         * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
         * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
         * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
         *
         * See {recover}.
         */
        function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
            // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
            // enforced by the type signature above
            return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
    32", hash));
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
         * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
         * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
         * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
         *
         * See {recover}.
         */
        function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
            return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\
    ", Strings.toString(s.length), s));
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
         * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
         * to the one signed with the
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
         * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
         *
         * See {recover}.
         */
        function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
            return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\\x19\\x01", domainSeparator, structHash));
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    interface IStakeFor {
        function depositFor(address user, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
     * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
     * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
     * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
     * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
     * is concerned).
     *
     * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
     */
    abstract contract Context {
        function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
            return msg.sender;
        }
        function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
            return msg.data;
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Address.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
     */
    library Address {
        /**
         * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
         *
         * [IMPORTANT]
         * ====
         * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
         * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
         *
         * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
         * types of addresses:
         *
         *  - an externally-owned account
         *  - a contract in construction
         *  - an address where a contract will be created
         *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
         * ====
         */
        function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
            // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
            // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
            // constructor execution.
            uint256 size;
            assembly {
                size := extcodesize(account)
            }
            return size > 0;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
         * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
         *
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
         * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
         * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
         * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
         *
         * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
         *
         * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
         * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
         * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
         * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
         */
        function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
            require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
            (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
            require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
         * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
         * function instead.
         *
         * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
         * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
         *
         * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
         * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `target` must be a contract.
         * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
         * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
         * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 value
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
         * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 value,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
            require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
            return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a static call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.3._
         */
        function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a static call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.3._
         */
        function functionStaticCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
            require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
            return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a delegate call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a delegate call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function functionDelegateCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
            return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
         * revert reason using the provided one.
         *
         * _Available since v4.3._
         */
        function verifyCallResult(
            bool success,
            bytes memory returndata,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
            if (success) {
                return returndata;
            } else {
                // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                if (returndata.length > 0) {
                    // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                    assembly {
                        let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                        revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                    }
                } else {
                    revert(errorMessage);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Strings.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev String operations.
     */
    library Strings {
        bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
        /**
         * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
         */
        function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
            // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
            // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol
            if (value == 0) {
                return "0";
            }
            uint256 temp = value;
            uint256 digits;
            while (temp != 0) {
                digits++;
                temp /= 10;
            }
            bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
            while (value != 0) {
                digits -= 1;
                buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
                value /= 10;
            }
            return string(buffer);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
         */
        function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
            if (value == 0) {
                return "0x00";
            }
            uint256 temp = value;
            uint256 length = 0;
            while (temp != 0) {
                length++;
                temp >>= 8;
            }
            return toHexString(value, length);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
         */
        function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
            bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
            buffer[0] = "0";
            buffer[1] = "x";
            for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
                buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
                value >>= 4;
            }
            require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
            return string(buffer);
        }
    }
    

    File 2 of 2: X2Y2Token
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import {Ownable} from '@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol';
    import {ERC20} from '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol';
    import {IMintableERC20} from './IMintableERC20.sol';
    contract X2Y2Token is ERC20, Ownable, IMintableERC20 {
        uint256 private immutable _SUPPLY_CAP;
        constructor(
            address _premintReceiver,
            uint256 _premintAmount,
            uint256 _cap
        ) ERC20('X2Y2Token', 'X2Y2') {
            require(_cap > _premintAmount, 'Premint exceeds cap');
            // Transfer the sum of the premint to address
            _mint(_premintReceiver, _premintAmount);
            _SUPPLY_CAP = _cap;
        }
        function mint(address account, uint256 amount)
            external
            override
            onlyOwner
            returns (bool status)
        {
            if (totalSupply() + amount <= _SUPPLY_CAP) {
                _mint(account, amount);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
        /**
         * @notice View supply cap
         */
        function SUPPLY_CAP() external view override returns (uint256) {
            return _SUPPLY_CAP;
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../utils/Context.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
     * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
     * specific functions.
     *
     * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
     * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
     *
     * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
     * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
     * the owner.
     */
    abstract contract Ownable is Context {
        address private _owner;
        event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
        /**
         * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
         */
        constructor() {
            _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
         */
        function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
            return _owner;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
         */
        modifier onlyOwner() {
            require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
            _;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
         * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
         *
         * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
         * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
         */
        function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
            _transferOwnership(address(0));
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
         * Can only be called by the current owner.
         */
        function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
            require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
            _transferOwnership(newOwner);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
         * Internal function without access restriction.
         */
        function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
            address oldOwner = _owner;
            _owner = newOwner;
            emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "./IERC20.sol";
    import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
    import "../../utils/Context.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
     *
     * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
     * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
     * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
     *
     * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
     * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
     * to implement supply mechanisms].
     *
     * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
     * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
     * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
     * applications.
     *
     * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
     * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
     * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
     * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
     *
     * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
     * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
     * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
     */
    contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
        mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;
        mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;
        uint256 private _totalSupply;
        string private _name;
        string private _symbol;
        /**
         * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
         *
         * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
         * {decimals} you should overload it.
         *
         * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
         * construction.
         */
        constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
            _name = name_;
            _symbol = symbol_;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the name of the token.
         */
        function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
            return _name;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
         * name.
         */
        function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
            return _symbol;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
         * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
         * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
         *
         * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
         * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
         * overridden;
         *
         * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
         * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
         * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
         */
        function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
            return 18;
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
         */
        function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
            return _totalSupply;
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
         */
        function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
            return _balances[account];
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
         * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
         */
        function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
            _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
         */
        function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
            return _allowances[owner][spender];
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
         */
        function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
            _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
         * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
         * - the caller must have allowance for ``sender``'s tokens of at least
         * `amount`.
         */
        function transferFrom(
            address sender,
            address recipient,
            uint256 amount
        ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
            _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
            uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[sender][_msgSender()];
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(sender, _msgSender(), currentAllowance - amount);
            }
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
         *
         * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
         * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
         */
        function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
            _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender] + addedValue);
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
         *
         * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
         * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
         * `subtractedValue`.
         */
        function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
            uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[_msgSender()][spender];
            require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            unchecked {
                _approve(_msgSender(), spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
            }
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `sender` to `recipient`.
         *
         * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
         * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
         */
        function _transfer(
            address sender,
            address recipient,
            uint256 amount
        ) internal virtual {
            require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
            require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
            _beforeTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);
            uint256 senderBalance = _balances[sender];
            require(senderBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
            unchecked {
                _balances[sender] = senderBalance - amount;
            }
            _balances[recipient] += amount;
            emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
            _afterTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);
        }
        /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
         * the total supply.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
         */
        function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
            require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");
            _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
            _totalSupply += amount;
            _balances[account] += amount;
            emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
            _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
         * total supply.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
         */
        function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
            require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");
            _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
            uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
            require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
            unchecked {
                _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
            }
            _totalSupply -= amount;
            emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
            _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
         *
         * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
         * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
         */
        function _approve(
            address owner,
            address spender,
            uint256 amount
        ) internal virtual {
            require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
            require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");
            _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
            emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
         * minting and burning.
         *
         * Calling conditions:
         *
         * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
         * will be transferred to `to`.
         * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
         * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
         * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
         *
         * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
         */
        function _beforeTokenTransfer(
            address from,
            address to,
            uint256 amount
        ) internal virtual {}
        /**
         * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
         * minting and burning.
         *
         * Calling conditions:
         *
         * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
         * has been transferred to `to`.
         * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
         * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
         * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
         *
         * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
         */
        function _afterTokenTransfer(
            address from,
            address to,
            uint256 amount
        ) internal virtual {}
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import {IERC20} from '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol';
    interface IMintableERC20 is IERC20 {
        function SUPPLY_CAP() external view returns (uint256);
        function mint(address account, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
     * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
     * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
     * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
     * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
     * is concerned).
     *
     * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
     */
    abstract contract Context {
        function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
            return msg.sender;
        }
        function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
            return msg.data;
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
     */
    interface IERC20 {
        /**
         * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
         */
        function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
         */
        function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
         * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
         * zero by default.
         *
         * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
         */
        function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
         * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
         * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
         * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
         * desired value afterwards:
         * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event.
         */
        function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
         * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
         * allowance.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function transferFrom(
            address sender,
            address recipient,
            uint256 amount
        ) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
         * another (`to`).
         *
         * Note that `value` may be zero.
         */
        event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
         * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
         */
        event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../IERC20.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     */
    interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
        /**
         * @dev Returns the name of the token.
         */
        function name() external view returns (string memory);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
         */
        function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
         */
        function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
    }