ETH Price: $2,150.08 (-3.97%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
24354522 at Jan-31-2026 11:21:11 AM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.00000524159378794 ETH $0.01
Gas Used:
68,020 Gas / 0.077059597 Gwei

Emitted Events:

714 WLD.Approval( owner=0xCAceBc09EE91fE63071F261F8bfe74A99cA7Ef70, spender=[Receiver] 0x6e3c9393976e63dc005bc560964f5ca2b9cdc3b8, value=0 )
715 WLD.Transfer( from=0xCAceBc09EE91fE63071F261F8bfe74A99cA7Ef70, to=0x0F77576Cc34b3EDf704Cf25C1053BDAC83D9b7CC, value=0 )
716 0x6e3c9393976e63dc005bc560964f5ca2b9cdc3b8.0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef( 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef, 0x000000000000000000000000cacebc09ee91fe63071f261f8bfe74a99ca7ef70, 0x0000000000000000000000000f77576cc34b3edf704cf25c1053bdac83d9b7cc, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012d8f424022a4d32000 )
717 WLD.Approval( owner=0xAD85405cbB1476825B78a021fa9E543bF7937549, spender=[Receiver] 0x6e3c9393976e63dc005bc560964f5ca2b9cdc3b8, value=0 )
718 WLD.Transfer( from=0xAD85405cbB1476825B78a021fa9E543bF7937549, to=0x00B2E4dCfaFbf304c7830956760A9C7Cc0fC4595, value=0 )
719 0x6e3c9393976e63dc005bc560964f5ca2b9cdc3b8.0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef( 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef, 0x000000000000000000000000ad85405cbb1476825b78a021fa9e543bf7937549, 0x00000000000000000000000000b2e4dcfafbf304c7830956760a9c7cc0fc4595, 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000051db75a7ad57d80000 )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
0x1509Bac1...F0732F951
(Fake_Phishing1761660)
0.04984415314112352 Eth
Nonce: 246
0.04983891154733558 Eth
Nonce: 247
0.00000524159378794
(Titan Builder)
18.886014250790098557 Eth18.886014250790846777 Eth0.00000000000074822

Execution Trace

0x6e3c9393976e63dc005bc560964f5ca2b9cdc3b8.a9059cbb( )
  • WLD.transferFrom( from=0xCAceBc09EE91fE63071F261F8bfe74A99cA7Ef70, to=0x0F77576Cc34b3EDf704Cf25C1053BDAC83D9b7CC, amount=0 ) => ( True )
  • WLD.transferFrom( from=0xAD85405cbB1476825B78a021fa9E543bF7937549, to=0x00B2E4dCfaFbf304c7830956760A9C7Cc0fC4595, amount=0 ) => ( True )
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.8.19;
    import {Ownable} from "openzeppelin/access/Ownable.sol";
    import {Ownable2Step} from "openzeppelin/access/Ownable2Step.sol";
    import {ERC20} from "openzeppelin/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
    /// @title WLD token
    /// @notice Contract for Worldcoin's ERC20 WLD token.
    /// 
    /// It updates from the previous token contract, which is now deprecated. At
    /// deployment all existing balances are reinstated.
    /// 
    /// After deployment, the owner can do a one-time mint of new tokens up to the
    /// `INITIAL_SUPPLY_CAP` of 10 billion.
    /// 
    /// After `inflationUnlockTime` the owner can set the minter address, which can
    /// mint new tokens up to the inflation cap. The inflation cap is fixed
    /// percentage per period. From this it follows a maximum inflation rate per
    /// year. Whether or not to allow inflation can be goverened by the owner through
    /// the minter address.
    ///
    /// @author Worldcoin
    contract WLD is ERC20, Ownable2Step {
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        ///                           PARAMETERS                              ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        uint256 constant public INITIAL_SUPPLY_CAP = 10_000_000_000 * (10**18);
        uint256 constant public WAD_ONE = 10**18;
        /// @notice Has the initial mint been done?
        bool public initialMintDone;
        /// @notice The address of the inflation minter
        address public minter;
        /// @notice Inflation parameters, formula in _mint @dev description
        uint256 immutable public inflationUnlockTime;
        uint256 immutable public inflationCapPeriod;
        uint256 immutable public inflationCapWad;
        /// @notice Inflation cap state variables
        uint256 public currentPeriodEnd;
        uint256 public currentPeriodSupplyCap;
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        ///                             EVENTS                                ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @notice Emitted when constructing the contract
        event TokenUpdated(
            address newToken,
            string name,
            string symbol,
            address[] existingHolders,
            uint256[] existingsAmounts,
            uint256 inflationCapPeriod,
            uint256 inflationCapWad,
            uint256 inflationLockPeriod
        );
        /// @notice Emitted when minting tokens. Can be emited only once.
        event TokensMinted(
            address minter,
            address[] newHolders,
            uint256[] newAmounts
        );
        /// @notice Emitted when inflation tokens are minted, after the initial mint.
        event InflationTokensMinted(
            address minter,
            address to,
            uint256 amount
        );
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        ///                           CONSTRUCTOR                             ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @notice Deploy a new token contract that replaces an existing one.
        constructor(
            address[] memory existingHolders,
            uint256[] memory existingAmounts,
            string memory name_,
            string memory symbol_,
            uint256 inflationCapPeriod_,
            uint256 inflationCapWad_,
            uint256 inflationLockPeriod_
        ) ERC20(name_, symbol_) Ownable(msg.sender) {
            // Validate input.
            require(existingAmounts.length == existingHolders.length);
            require(inflationCapPeriod_ != 0);
            // Allow one initial mint
            initialMintDone = false;
            // Set the inflation cap parameters
            minter = address(0);
            inflationCapPeriod = inflationCapPeriod_;
            inflationCapWad = inflationCapWad_;
            inflationUnlockTime = inflationLockPeriod_ + block.timestamp;
            // Make sure a new inflation period starts on first call to mint.
            currentPeriodEnd = 0;
            currentPeriodSupplyCap = 0;
            // Reinstate balances
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < existingHolders.length; i++) {
                _update(address(0), existingHolders[i], existingAmounts[i]);
            }
            // Make sure the initial supply cap is maintained.
            require(totalSupply() <= INITIAL_SUPPLY_CAP);
            // Emit event.
            emit TokenUpdated(
                address(this),
                name_,
                symbol_,
                existingHolders,
                existingAmounts,
                inflationCapPeriod_,
                inflationCapWad_,
                inflationLockPeriod_
            );
        }
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        ///                           OWNER ACTIONS                           ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @notice Mint new tokens.
        function mintOnce(
            address[] memory newHolders,
            uint256[] memory newAmounts
        ) external onlyOwner {
            // This must be the only time we allow this.
            require(initialMintDone == false);
            // Validate input.
            require(newHolders.length == newAmounts.length);
            // Mark initial mint as done.
            initialMintDone = true;
            // Mint tokens.
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < newHolders.length; i++) {
                _mint(newHolders[i], newAmounts[i]);
            }
            // Make sure the initial supply cap is maintained.
            require(totalSupply() <= INITIAL_SUPPLY_CAP);
            emit TokensMinted(
                msg.sender,
                newHolders,
                newAmounts
            );
        }
        /// @notice Updates minter
        /// @dev onlyOwner
        /// @param minter_ new Minter address
        function setMinter(address minter_) external onlyOwner {
            minter = minter_;
        }
        /// @notice Prevents the owner from renouncing ownership
        /// @dev onlyOwner
        function renounceOwnership() public view override onlyOwner {
            revert();
        }
        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        ///                        MINTER ACTIONS                       ///
        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @notice Mints new tokens and assigns them to the target address.
        /// @dev This function performs inflation checks. Their semantics is as follows:
        ///     * It is impossible to mint any tokens during the first `inflationLockPeriod_` seconds.
        //        The end of the lock period is stored in `inflationUnlockTime`.
        ///     * T inflation cap is in effect.
        ///       The inflation cap is enforced as follows:
        ///       1. If the current time is after the end of the current inflation period,
        ///          it is possible to raise the supply up to (current total supply) * (1 + inflation cap)
        ///          between now and (now + inflation period length), without any additional constraints;
        ///       2. If the current time is before the end of the current inflation period,
        ///          that period's supply is still controlled.
        /// NB: The logic outlined here means that it is possible for period over period inflation
        ///     to reach up to (1 + inflation cap)^2 - 1, for some choices of period boundaries.
        ///     The actual guarantees of this system are:
        ///     1. For any timestamp t0 and a natural number k, inflation measured between t0 and
        ///        t0 + k * inflation period does not exceed (1 + inflation cap)^(k + 1) - 1. In other words,
        ///        there is at most "one too many" inflation periods over any period of time.
        ///     2. For any timestamp t there exists a period tc < inflation period,
        ///        such that inflation measured between (t + tc) and (t + tc + inflation period)
        ///        does not exceed the inflation cap. In other words, period over period inflation is
        ///        bounded by the inflation cap at least for some amount of time during each period.
        function mintInflation(address to, uint256 amount) external {
            // Validate input
            require(to != address(0));
            require(amount != 0);
            // Must be minter
            require(msg.sender == minter);
            // Requires that the current time is after the mint lock-in period
            require(block.timestamp >= inflationUnlockTime);
            // Stars a new inflation period if the previous one ended
            if (block.timestamp > currentPeriodEnd) {
                // Update inflation period end
                currentPeriodEnd = block.timestamp + inflationCapPeriod;
                // Compute maximum supply for this period
                uint256 initialSupply = totalSupply();
                uint256 mintable = (initialSupply * inflationCapWad) / WAD_ONE;
                currentPeriodSupplyCap = initialSupply + mintable;
            }
            // Mint inflation tokens
            _mint(to, amount);
            // Check amount against inflation cap for this period
            require(totalSupply() <= currentPeriodSupplyCap);
            // Emit event
            emit InflationTokensMinted(msg.sender, to, amount);
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.19;
    import "../utils/Context.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
     * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
     * specific functions.
     *
     * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
     * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
     *
     * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
     * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
     * the owner.
     */
    abstract contract Ownable is Context {
        address private _owner;
        event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
        /**
         * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
         */
        constructor(address initialOwner) {
            _transferOwnership(initialOwner);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
         */
        modifier onlyOwner() {
            _checkOwner();
            _;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
         */
        function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
            return _owner;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
         */
        function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
            require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
         * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
         *
         * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
         * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
         */
        function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
            _transferOwnership(address(0));
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
         * Can only be called by the current owner.
         */
        function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
            require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
            _transferOwnership(newOwner);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
         * Internal function without access restriction.
         */
        function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
            address oldOwner = _owner;
            _owner = newOwner;
            emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable2Step.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.19;
    import "./Ownable.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Contract module which provides access control mechanism, where
     * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
     * specific functions.
     *
     * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
     * can later be changed with {transferOwnership} and {acceptOwnership}.
     *
     * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available all functions
     * from parent (Ownable).
     */
    abstract contract Ownable2Step is Ownable {
        address private _pendingOwner;
        event OwnershipTransferStarted(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the address of the pending owner.
         */
        function pendingOwner() public view virtual returns (address) {
            return _pendingOwner;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Starts the ownership transfer of the contract to a new account. Replaces the pending transfer if there is one.
         * Can only be called by the current owner.
         */
        function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual override onlyOwner {
            _pendingOwner = newOwner;
            emit OwnershipTransferStarted(owner(), newOwner);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`) and deletes any pending owner.
         * Internal function without access restriction.
         */
        function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual override {
            delete _pendingOwner;
            super._transferOwnership(newOwner);
        }
        /**
         * @dev The new owner accepts the ownership transfer.
         */
        function acceptOwnership() public virtual {
            address sender = _msgSender();
            require(pendingOwner() == sender, "Ownable2Step: caller is not the new owner");
            _transferOwnership(sender);
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.19;
    import "./IERC20.sol";
    import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
    import "../../utils/Context.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
     *
     * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
     * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
     *
     * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
     * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
     * to implement supply mechanisms].
     *
     * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
     * this function so it returns a different value.
     *
     * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
     * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
     * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
     * applications.
     *
     * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
     * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
     * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
     * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
     *
     * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
     * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
     * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
     */
    contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
        mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;
        mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;
        uint256 private _totalSupply;
        string private _name;
        string private _symbol;
        /**
         * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
         *
         * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
         * construction.
         */
        constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
            _name = name_;
            _symbol = symbol_;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the name of the token.
         */
        function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
            return _name;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
         * name.
         */
        function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
            return _symbol;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
         * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
         * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
         *
         * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
         * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
         * it's overridden.
         *
         * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
         * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
         * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
         */
        function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
            return 18;
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
         */
        function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
            return _totalSupply;
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
         */
        function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
            return _balances[account];
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
         * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
         */
        function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
            address owner = _msgSender();
            _transfer(owner, to, amount);
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
         */
        function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
            return _allowances[owner][spender];
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
         *
         * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
         * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
         */
        function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
            address owner = _msgSender();
            _approve(owner, spender, amount);
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
         * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
         *
         * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
         * is the maximum `uint256`.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
         * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
         * `amount`.
         */
        function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
            address spender = _msgSender();
            _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
            _transfer(from, to, amount);
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
         *
         * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
         * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
         */
        function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
            address owner = _msgSender();
            _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
         *
         * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
         * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
         * `subtractedValue`.
         */
        function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
            address owner = _msgSender();
            uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
            require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
            }
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
         *
         * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
         * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         *
         * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
         */
        function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal {
            require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
            require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
            _update(from, to, amount);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if `from` (or `to`) is
         * the zero address. All customizations to transfers, mints, and burns should be done by overriding this function.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function _update(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
            if (from == address(0)) {
                _totalSupply += amount;
            } else {
                uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
                require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
                unchecked {
                    // Overflow not possible: amount <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                    _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
                }
            }
            if (to == address(0)) {
                unchecked {
                    // Overflow not possible: amount <= totalSupply or amount <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                    _totalSupply -= amount;
                }
            } else {
                unchecked {
                    // Overflow not possible: balance + amount is at most totalSupply, which we know fits into a uint256.
                    _balances[to] += amount;
                }
            }
            emit Transfer(from, to, amount);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, by transferring it from address(0).
         * Relies on the `_update` mechanism
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
         *
         * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
         */
        function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
            require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");
            _update(address(0), account, amount);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, by transferring it to address(0).
         * Relies on the `_update` mechanism.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
         *
         * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead
         */
        function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
            require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");
            _update(account, address(0), amount);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
         *
         * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
         * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
         */
        function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
            require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
            require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");
            _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
            emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
         *
         * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
         * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
         *
         * Might emit an {Approval} event.
         */
        function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
            uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
            if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
                require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
                unchecked {
                    _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.19;
    /**
     * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
     * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
     * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
     * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
     * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
     * is concerned).
     *
     * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
     */
    abstract contract Context {
        function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
            return msg.sender;
        }
        function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
            return msg.data;
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.19;
    /**
     * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
     */
    interface IERC20 {
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
         * another (`to`).
         *
         * Note that `value` may be zero.
         */
        event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
         * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
         */
        event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
         */
        function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
         */
        function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
         * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
         * zero by default.
         *
         * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
         */
        function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
         * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
         * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
         * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
         * desired value afterwards:
         * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event.
         */
        function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
         * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
         * allowance.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.19;
    import "../IERC20.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     */
    interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
        /**
         * @dev Returns the name of the token.
         */
        function name() external view returns (string memory);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
         */
        function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
         */
        function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
    }