ETH Price: $2,307.18 (+5.60%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
19686188 at Apr-19-2024 01:23:11 AM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.001741689178166455 ETH $4.02
Gas Used:
160,685 Gas / 10.839152243 Gwei

Emitted Events:

248 GamerCoin.Transfer( from=[Sender] 0x460fb53043e84c1a79027a04f1052a79eb10b03e, to=[Receiver] StakingV1, value=120541050000000000000000 )
249 GamerCoin.Approval( owner=[Sender] 0x460fb53043e84c1a79027a04f1052a79eb10b03e, spender=[Receiver] StakingV1, value=115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640563918916534007913129639935 )
250 StakingV1.Deposit( user=[Sender] 0x460fb53043e84c1a79027a04f1052a79eb10b03e, pid=0, amount=120541050000000000000000 )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
4.390364830944478241 Eth4.390372865194478241 Eth0.00000803425
0x460FB530...9eb10b03e
0.025468635868503098 Eth
Nonce: 44
0.023726946690336643 Eth
Nonce: 45
0.001741689178166455
0x728f30fa...8E0B1387d
0xED27BF2b...59c282670

Execution Trace

StakingV1.deposit( pid=0, amount=120541050000000000000000 )
  • GamerCoin.transferFrom( sender=0x460FB53043E84C1a79027A04F1052A79eb10b03e, recipient=0xED27BF2baa523f63170f722dDC42c5e59c282670, amount=120541050000000000000000 ) => ( True )
    File 1 of 2: StakingV1
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity =0.8.6;
    import '@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol';
    import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol';
    import '@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol';
    import '@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SafeMath.sol';
    /**
     * @title Token Staking
     * @dev BEP20 compatible token.
     */
    contract StakingV1 is Ownable {
        using SafeMath for uint256;
        using SafeERC20 for IERC20;
        struct UserInfo {
            uint256 amount;
            uint256 rewardDebt;
            uint256 pendingRewards;
            uint256 lockedTimestamp;
        }
        struct PoolInfo {
            uint256 poolShare;
            uint256 lastRewardBlock;
            uint256 tokenPerShare;
            uint256 tokenRStaked;
            uint256 tokenClaimed;
            uint256 tokenAwarded;
            uint256 tokenLimited;
            uint256 lockupTimer;
        }
        IERC20 public token;
        uint256 public tokenPerBlock;
        uint256 public startBlock;
        uint256 public closeBlock;
        PoolInfo[] public poolInfo;
        mapping(uint256 => mapping(address => UserInfo)) public userInfo;
        uint256 public totalPoolShare;
        uint256 public maxPid;
        uint256 public lastChangeTimestamp;
        event Deposit(address indexed user, uint256 indexed pid, uint256 amount);
        event Withdraw(address indexed user, uint256 indexed pid, uint256 amount);
        event Claim(address indexed user, uint256 indexed pid, uint256 amount);
        event WithdrawRemaining(address indexed user, uint256 amount);
        event RewardChanged(uint256 reward);
        event StartBlockChanged(uint256 block);
        event CloseBlockChanged(uint256 block);
        constructor(uint256[] memory poolShare, uint256[] memory poolTimer, uint256[] memory poolLimit) {
            require(poolShare.length == poolTimer.length, 'Staking: Invalid constructor parameters set!');
            require(poolTimer.length == poolLimit.length, 'Staking: Invalid constructor parameters set!');
            for (uint i=0; i<poolShare.length; i++) {
                addPool(poolShare[i], poolTimer[i], poolLimit[i]);
            }
        }
        function setTokenAddress(IERC20 _token) public onlyOwner {
            require(address(_token) != address(0), 'Staking: token address needs to be different than zero!');
            require(address(token) == address(0), 'Staking: token already set!');
            token = _token;
        }
        function setTokenPerBlock(uint256 _tokenPerBlock) public onlyOwner {
            require(_tokenPerBlock > 0, 'Staking: amount of tokens per block should be greater than 0!');
            for (uint256 i=0; i<maxPid; i++) {
                updatePool(i);
            }
            tokenPerBlock = _tokenPerBlock;
            lastChangeTimestamp = block.timestamp;
            emit RewardChanged(tokenPerBlock);
        }
        function setStartBlock(uint256 _startBlock) public onlyOwner {
            require(startBlock == 0, 'Staking: start block already set');
            require(_startBlock > 0, 'Staking: start block needs to be higher than zero!');
            startBlock = _startBlock;
            emit StartBlockChanged(startBlock);
        }
        function setCloseBlock(uint256 _closeBlock) public onlyOwner {
            require(startBlock != 0, 'Staking: start block needs to be set first');
            require(closeBlock == 0, 'Staking: close block already set');
            require(_closeBlock > startBlock, 'Staking: close block needs to be higher than start one!');
            closeBlock = _closeBlock;
            emit CloseBlockChanged(closeBlock);
        }
        function withdrawRemaining() public onlyOwner {
            require(startBlock != 0, 'Staking: start block needs to be set first');
            require(closeBlock != 0, 'Staking: close block needs to be set first');
            require(block.number > closeBlock, 'Staking: withdrawal of remaining funds not ready yet');
            for (uint256 i=0; i<maxPid; i++) {
                updatePool(i);
            }
            uint256 allTokenRStaked = 0;
            uint256 allTokenAwarded = 0;
            uint256 allTokenClaimed = 0;
            for (uint256 i=0; i<maxPid; i++) {
                allTokenRStaked = allTokenRStaked.add(poolInfo[i].tokenRStaked);
                allTokenAwarded = allTokenAwarded.add(poolInfo[i].tokenAwarded);
                allTokenClaimed = allTokenClaimed.add(poolInfo[i].tokenClaimed);
            }
            uint256 reservedAmount = allTokenRStaked.add(allTokenAwarded).sub(allTokenClaimed);
            uint256 possibleAmount = token.balanceOf(address(this));
            uint256 unlockedAmount = 0;
            if (possibleAmount > reservedAmount) {
                unlockedAmount = possibleAmount.sub(reservedAmount);
            }
            if (unlockedAmount > 0) {
                token.safeTransfer(owner(), unlockedAmount);
                emit WithdrawRemaining(owner(), unlockedAmount);
            }
        }
        function stakingTokens(uint256 pid, address addr) external view returns (uint256) {
            if (pid >= maxPid) {
                return 0;
            }
            UserInfo storage user = userInfo[pid][addr];
            return user.amount;
        }
        function pendingRewards(uint256 pid, address addr) external view returns (uint256) {
            require(pid < maxPid, 'Staking: invalid pool ID provided');
            require(startBlock > 0 && block.number >= startBlock, 'Staking: not started yet');
            PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[pid];
            UserInfo storage user = userInfo[pid][addr];
            uint256 tokenPerShare = pool.tokenPerShare;
            uint256 lastMintedBlock = pool.lastRewardBlock;
            if (lastMintedBlock == 0) {
                lastMintedBlock = startBlock;
            }
            uint256 lastRewardBlock = getLastRewardBlock();
            if (lastRewardBlock == 0) {
                return 0;
            }
            uint256 poolTokenRStaked = pool.tokenRStaked;
            if (lastRewardBlock > lastMintedBlock && poolTokenRStaked != 0) {
                uint256 multiplier = lastRewardBlock.sub(lastMintedBlock);
                uint256 tokenReward = multiplier.mul(tokenPerBlock).mul(pool.poolShare).div(totalPoolShare);
                tokenPerShare = tokenPerShare.add(tokenReward.mul(1e12).div(poolTokenRStaked));
            }
            return user.amount.mul(tokenPerShare).div(1e12).sub(user.rewardDebt).add(user.pendingRewards);
        }
        function deposit(uint256 pid, uint256 amount) external {
            // amount eq to zero is allowed
            require(pid < maxPid, 'Staking: invalid pool ID provided');
            require(startBlock > 0 && block.number >= startBlock, 'Staking: not started yet');
            require(closeBlock == 0 || block.number <= closeBlock, 'Staking: farming has ended, please withdraw remaining tokens');
            PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[pid];
            UserInfo storage user = userInfo[pid][msg.sender];
            require(pool.tokenLimited == 0
                || pool.tokenLimited >= pool.tokenRStaked.add(amount), 'Staking: you cannot deposit over the limit!');
            updatePool(pid);
            updatePendingRewards(pid, msg.sender);
            if (amount > 0) {
                user.amount = user.amount.add(amount);
                pool.tokenRStaked = pool.tokenRStaked.add(amount);
                token.safeTransferFrom(address(msg.sender), address(this), amount);
            }
            user.rewardDebt = user.amount.mul(pool.tokenPerShare).div(1e12);
            user.lockedTimestamp = block.timestamp.add(pool.lockupTimer);
            emit Deposit(msg.sender, pid, amount);
        }
        function withdraw(uint256 pid, uint256 amount) external {
            // amount eq to zero is allowed
            require(pid < maxPid, 'Staking: invalid pool ID provided');
            require(startBlock > 0 && block.number >= startBlock, 'Staking: not started yet');
            PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[pid];
            UserInfo storage user = userInfo[pid][msg.sender];
            require((block.timestamp >= user.lockedTimestamp)
                || (closeBlock > 0 && closeBlock <= block.number)
                || (lastChangeTimestamp > 0 && lastChangeTimestamp.add(pool.lockupTimer) > user.lockedTimestamp),
                'Staking: you cannot withdraw yet!');
            require(user.amount >= amount, 'Staking: you cannot withdraw more than you have!');
            updatePool(pid);
            updatePendingRewards(pid, msg.sender);
            if (amount > 0) {
                user.amount = user.amount.sub(amount);
                pool.tokenRStaked = pool.tokenRStaked.sub(amount);
                token.safeTransfer(address(msg.sender), amount);
            }
            user.rewardDebt = user.amount.mul(pool.tokenPerShare).div(1e12);
            user.lockedTimestamp = 0;
            emit Withdraw(msg.sender, pid, amount);
        }
        function claim(uint256 pid) external {
            require(pid < maxPid, 'Staking: invalid pool ID provided');
            require(startBlock > 0 && block.number >= startBlock, 'Staking: not started yet');
            PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[pid];
            UserInfo storage user = userInfo[pid][msg.sender];
            updatePool(pid);
            updatePendingRewards(pid, msg.sender);
            if (user.pendingRewards > 0) {
                uint256 claimedAmount = transferPendingRewards(pid, msg.sender, user.pendingRewards);
                emit Claim(msg.sender, pid, claimedAmount);
                user.pendingRewards = user.pendingRewards.sub(claimedAmount);
                pool.tokenClaimed = pool.tokenClaimed.add(claimedAmount);
            }
            user.rewardDebt = user.amount.mul(pool.tokenPerShare).div(1e12);
        }
        function addPool(uint256 _poolShare, uint256 _lockupTimer, uint256 _tokenLimited) internal {
            require(_poolShare > 0, 'Staking: Pool share needs to be higher than zero!');
            require(maxPid < 10, 'Staking: Cannot add more than 10 pools!');
            poolInfo.push(PoolInfo({
                poolShare: _poolShare,
                lastRewardBlock: 0,
                tokenPerShare: 0,
                tokenRStaked: 0,
                tokenClaimed: 0,
                tokenAwarded: 0,
                tokenLimited: _tokenLimited,
                lockupTimer: _lockupTimer
            }));
            totalPoolShare = totalPoolShare.add(_poolShare);
            maxPid = maxPid.add(1);
        }
        function updatePool(uint256 pid) internal {
            if (pid >= maxPid) {
                return;
            }
            if (startBlock == 0 || block.number < startBlock) {
                return;
            }
            PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[pid];
            if (pool.lastRewardBlock == 0) {
                pool.lastRewardBlock = startBlock;
            }
            uint256 lastBlock = getLastRewardBlock();
            if (lastBlock <= pool.lastRewardBlock) {
                return;
            }
            uint256 poolTokenRStaked = pool.tokenRStaked;
            if (poolTokenRStaked == 0) {
                return;
            }
            uint256 multiplier = lastBlock.sub(pool.lastRewardBlock);
            uint256 tokenReward = multiplier.mul(tokenPerBlock).mul(pool.poolShare).div(totalPoolShare);
            pool.tokenAwarded = pool.tokenAwarded.add(tokenReward);
            pool.tokenPerShare = pool.tokenPerShare.add(tokenReward.mul(1e12).div(poolTokenRStaked));
            pool.lastRewardBlock = lastBlock;
        }
        function updatePendingRewards(uint256 pid, address addr) internal {
            if (pid >= maxPid) {
                return;
            }
            PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[pid];
            UserInfo storage user = userInfo[pid][addr];
            uint256 pending = user.amount.mul(pool.tokenPerShare).div(1e12).sub(user.rewardDebt);
            if (pending > 0) {
                user.pendingRewards = user.pendingRewards.add(pending);
            }
        }
        function transferPendingRewards(uint256 pid, address to, uint256 amount) internal returns (uint256) {
            if (pid >= maxPid) {
                return 0;
            }
            if (amount == 0) {
                return 0;
            }
            uint256 tokenAmount = token.balanceOf(address(this));
            if (tokenAmount == 0) {
                return 0;
            }
            if (tokenAmount > amount) {
                tokenAmount = amount;
            }
            token.safeTransfer(to, tokenAmount);
            return tokenAmount;
        }
        function getLastRewardBlock() internal view returns (uint256) {
            if (startBlock == 0) return 0;
            if (closeBlock == 0) return block.number;
            return (closeBlock < block.number) ? closeBlock : block.number;
        }
    }// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    // CAUTION
    // This version of SafeMath should only be used with Solidity 0.8 or later,
    // because it relies on the compiler's built in overflow checks.
    /**
     * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations.
     *
     * NOTE: `SafeMath` is no longer needed starting with Solidity 0.8. The compiler
     * now has built in overflow checking.
     */
    library SafeMath {
        /**
         * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
            unchecked {
                uint256 c = a + b;
                if (c < a) return (false, 0);
                return (true, c);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the substraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
            unchecked {
                if (b > a) return (false, 0);
                return (true, a - b);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
            unchecked {
                // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
                // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
                // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
                if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
                uint256 c = a * b;
                if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
                return (true, c);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
            unchecked {
                if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
                return (true, a / b);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
            unchecked {
                if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
                return (true, a % b);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
         * overflow.
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - Addition cannot overflow.
         */
        function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            return a + b;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
         * overflow (when the result is negative).
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
         */
        function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            return a - b;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
         * overflow.
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
         */
        function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            return a * b;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting on
         * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The divisor cannot be zero.
         */
        function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            return a / b;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
         * reverting when dividing by zero.
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
         * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
         * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The divisor cannot be zero.
         */
        function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            return a % b;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
         * overflow (when the result is negative).
         *
         * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
         * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {trySub}.
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
         */
        function sub(
            uint256 a,
            uint256 b,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            unchecked {
                require(b <= a, errorMessage);
                return a - b;
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
         * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
         * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
         * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The divisor cannot be zero.
         */
        function div(
            uint256 a,
            uint256 b,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            unchecked {
                require(b > 0, errorMessage);
                return a / b;
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
         * reverting with custom message when dividing by zero.
         *
         * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
         * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryMod}.
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
         * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
         * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The divisor cannot be zero.
         */
        function mod(
            uint256 a,
            uint256 b,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            unchecked {
                require(b > 0, errorMessage);
                return a % b;
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /*
     * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
     * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
     * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
     * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
     * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
     * is concerned).
     *
     * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
     */
    abstract contract Context {
        function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
            return msg.sender;
        }
        function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
            return msg.data;
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
     */
    library Address {
        /**
         * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
         *
         * [IMPORTANT]
         * ====
         * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
         * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
         *
         * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
         * types of addresses:
         *
         *  - an externally-owned account
         *  - a contract in construction
         *  - an address where a contract will be created
         *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
         * ====
         */
        function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
            // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
            // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
            // constructor execution.
            uint256 size;
            assembly {
                size := extcodesize(account)
            }
            return size > 0;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
         * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
         *
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
         * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
         * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
         * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
         *
         * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
         *
         * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
         * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
         * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
         * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
         */
        function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
            require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
            (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
            require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
         * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
         * function instead.
         *
         * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
         * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
         *
         * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
         * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `target` must be a contract.
         * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
         * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
         * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 value
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
         * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 value,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
            require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
            return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a static call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.3._
         */
        function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a static call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.3._
         */
        function functionStaticCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
            require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
            return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a delegate call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a delegate call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function functionDelegateCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
            return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        function _verifyCallResult(
            bool success,
            bytes memory returndata,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
            if (success) {
                return returndata;
            } else {
                // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                if (returndata.length > 0) {
                    // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                    assembly {
                        let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                        revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                    }
                } else {
                    revert(errorMessage);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../IERC20.sol";
    import "../../../utils/Address.sol";
    /**
     * @title SafeERC20
     * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
     * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
     * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
     * successful.
     * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
     * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
     */
    library SafeERC20 {
        using Address for address;
        function safeTransfer(
            IERC20 token,
            address to,
            uint256 value
        ) internal {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
        }
        function safeTransferFrom(
            IERC20 token,
            address from,
            address to,
            uint256 value
        ) internal {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
        }
        /**
         * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
         * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
         *
         * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
         * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
         */
        function safeApprove(
            IERC20 token,
            address spender,
            uint256 value
        ) internal {
            // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
            // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
            // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
            require(
                (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
                "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
            );
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
        }
        function safeIncreaseAllowance(
            IERC20 token,
            address spender,
            uint256 value
        ) internal {
            uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
        function safeDecreaseAllowance(
            IERC20 token,
            address spender,
            uint256 value
        ) internal {
            unchecked {
                uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
                require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
                uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
                _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
         * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
         * @param token The token targeted by the call.
         * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
         */
        function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
            // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
            // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
            // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.
            bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // Return data is optional
                require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
     */
    interface IERC20 {
        /**
         * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
         */
        function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
         */
        function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
         * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
         * zero by default.
         *
         * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
         */
        function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
         * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
         * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
         * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
         * desired value afterwards:
         * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event.
         */
        function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
         * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
         * allowance.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function transferFrom(
            address sender,
            address recipient,
            uint256 amount
        ) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
         * another (`to`).
         *
         * Note that `value` may be zero.
         */
        event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
         * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
         */
        event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../utils/Context.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
     * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
     * specific functions.
     *
     * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
     * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
     *
     * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
     * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
     * the owner.
     */
    abstract contract Ownable is Context {
        address private _owner;
        event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
        /**
         * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
         */
        constructor() {
            _setOwner(_msgSender());
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
         */
        function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
            return _owner;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
         */
        modifier onlyOwner() {
            require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
            _;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
         * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
         *
         * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
         * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
         */
        function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
            _setOwner(address(0));
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
         * Can only be called by the current owner.
         */
        function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
            require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
            _setOwner(newOwner);
        }
        function _setOwner(address newOwner) private {
            address oldOwner = _owner;
            _owner = newOwner;
            emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
        }
    }
    

    File 2 of 2: GamerCoin
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
    pragma solidity 0.7.1;
    import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20Burnable.sol";
    contract GamerCoin is ERC20Burnable {
        constructor(uint256 initialBalance) ERC20("GamerCoin", "GHX") {
            _mint(msg.sender, initialBalance);
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.7.0;
    import "../../GSN/Context.sol";
    import "./ERC20.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Extension of {ERC20} that allows token holders to destroy both their own
     * tokens and those that they have an allowance for, in a way that can be
     * recognized off-chain (via event analysis).
     */
    abstract contract ERC20Burnable is Context, ERC20 {
        using SafeMath for uint256;
        /**
         * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from the caller.
         *
         * See {ERC20-_burn}.
         */
        function burn(uint256 amount) public virtual {
            _burn(_msgSender(), amount);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, deducting from the caller's
         * allowance.
         *
         * See {ERC20-_burn} and {ERC20-allowance}.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - the caller must have allowance for ``accounts``'s tokens of at least
         * `amount`.
         */
        function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) public virtual {
            uint256 decreasedAllowance = allowance(account, _msgSender()).sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds allowance");
            _approve(account, _msgSender(), decreasedAllowance);
            _burn(account, amount);
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.7.0;
    /*
     * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
     * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
     * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
     * manner, since when dealing with GSN meta-transactions the account sending and
     * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
     * is concerned).
     *
     * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
     */
    abstract contract Context {
        function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address payable) {
            return msg.sender;
        }
        function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes memory) {
            this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
            return msg.data;
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.7.0;
    import "../../GSN/Context.sol";
    import "./IERC20.sol";
    import "../../math/SafeMath.sol";
    import "../../utils/Address.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
     *
     * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
     * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
     * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
     *
     * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
     * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
     * to implement supply mechanisms].
     *
     * We have followed general OpenZeppelin guidelines: functions revert instead
     * of returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless conventional
     * and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20 applications.
     *
     * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
     * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
     * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
     * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
     *
     * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
     * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
     * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
     */
    contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20 {
        using SafeMath for uint256;
        using Address for address;
        mapping (address => uint256) private _balances;
        mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) private _allowances;
        uint256 private _totalSupply;
        string private _name;
        string private _symbol;
        uint8 private _decimals;
        /**
         * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}, initializes {decimals} with
         * a default value of 18.
         *
         * To select a different value for {decimals}, use {_setupDecimals}.
         *
         * All three of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
         * construction.
         */
        constructor (string memory name, string memory symbol) {
            _name = name;
            _symbol = symbol;
            _decimals = 18;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the name of the token.
         */
        function name() public view returns (string memory) {
            return _name;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
         * name.
         */
        function symbol() public view returns (string memory) {
            return _symbol;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
         * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
         * be displayed to a user as `5,05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
         *
         * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
         * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless {_setupDecimals} is
         * called.
         *
         * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
         * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
         * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
         */
        function decimals() public view returns (uint8) {
            return _decimals;
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
         */
        function totalSupply() public view override returns (uint256) {
            return _totalSupply;
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
         */
        function balanceOf(address account) public view override returns (uint256) {
            return _balances[account];
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
         * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
         */
        function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
            _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
         */
        function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
            return _allowances[owner][spender];
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
         */
        function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
            _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
         * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20};
         *
         * Requirements:
         * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
         * - the caller must have allowance for ``sender``'s tokens of at least
         * `amount`.
         */
        function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
            _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
            _approve(sender, _msgSender(), _allowances[sender][_msgSender()].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance"));
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
         *
         * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
         * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
         */
        function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
            _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].add(addedValue));
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
         *
         * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
         * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
         * `subtractedValue`.
         */
        function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
            _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].sub(subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero"));
            return true;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Moves tokens `amount` from `sender` to `recipient`.
         *
         * This is internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
         * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
         */
        function _transfer(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
            require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
            require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
            _beforeTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);
            _balances[sender] = _balances[sender].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
            _balances[recipient] = _balances[recipient].add(amount);
            emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
        }
        /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
         * the total supply.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
         *
         * Requirements
         *
         * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
         */
        function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
            require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");
            _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
            _totalSupply = _totalSupply.add(amount);
            _balances[account] = _balances[account].add(amount);
            emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
         * total supply.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
         *
         * Requirements
         *
         * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
         */
        function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
            require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");
            _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
            _balances[account] = _balances[account].sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
            _totalSupply = _totalSupply.sub(amount);
            emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
         *
         * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
         * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
         */
        function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
            require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
            require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");
            _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
            emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Sets {decimals} to a value other than the default one of 18.
         *
         * WARNING: This function should only be called from the constructor. Most
         * applications that interact with token contracts will not expect
         * {decimals} to ever change, and may work incorrectly if it does.
         */
        function _setupDecimals(uint8 decimals_) internal {
            _decimals = decimals_;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
         * minting and burning.
         *
         * Calling conditions:
         *
         * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
         * will be to transferred to `to`.
         * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
         * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
         * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
         *
         * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
         */
        function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual { }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.7.0;
    /**
     * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
     */
    interface IERC20 {
        /**
         * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
         */
        function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
         */
        function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
         * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
         * zero by default.
         *
         * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
         */
        function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
        /**
         * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
         * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
         * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
         * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
         * desired value afterwards:
         * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event.
         */
        function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
         * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
         * allowance.
         *
         * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
         * another (`to`).
         *
         * Note that `value` may be zero.
         */
        event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
         * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
         */
        event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.7.0;
    /**
     * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
     * checks.
     *
     * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
     * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
     * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
     * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
     * operation overflows.
     *
     * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
     * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
     */
    library SafeMath {
        /**
         * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
         * overflow.
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - Addition cannot overflow.
         */
        function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");
            return c;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
         * overflow (when the result is negative).
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
         */
        function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
         * overflow (when the result is negative).
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
         */
        function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            require(b <= a, errorMessage);
            uint256 c = a - b;
            return c;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
         * overflow.
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
         */
        function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
            // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
            // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
            if (a == 0) {
                return 0;
            }
            uint256 c = a * b;
            require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");
            return c;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
         * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
         * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
         * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The divisor cannot be zero.
         */
        function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
         * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
         * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
         * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The divisor cannot be zero.
         */
        function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            require(b > 0, errorMessage);
            uint256 c = a / b;
            // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold
            return c;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
         * Reverts when dividing by zero.
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
         * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
         * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The divisor cannot be zero.
         */
        function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
         * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
         *
         * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
         * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
         * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The divisor cannot be zero.
         */
        function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            require(b != 0, errorMessage);
            return a % b;
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.7.0;
    /**
     * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
     */
    library Address {
        /**
         * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
         *
         * [IMPORTANT]
         * ====
         * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
         * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
         *
         * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
         * types of addresses:
         *
         *  - an externally-owned account
         *  - a contract in construction
         *  - an address where a contract will be created
         *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
         * ====
         */
        function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
            // According to EIP-1052, 0x0 is the value returned for not-yet created accounts
            // and 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470 is returned
            // for accounts without code, i.e. `keccak256('')`
            bytes32 codehash;
            bytes32 accountHash = 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470;
            // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
            assembly { codehash := extcodehash(account) }
            return (codehash != accountHash && codehash != 0x0);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
         * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
         *
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
         * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
         * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
         * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
         *
         * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
         *
         * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
         * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
         * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
         * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
         */
        function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
            require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
            // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
            (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
            require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
         * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
         * function instead.
         *
         * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
         * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
         *
         * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
         * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `target` must be a contract.
         * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
          return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
         * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
         * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
         * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
            return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, errorMessage);
        }
        function _functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 weiValue, string memory errorMessage) private returns (bytes memory) {
            require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: weiValue }(data);
            if (success) {
                return returndata;
            } else {
                // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                if (returndata.length > 0) {
                    // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                    // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                    assembly {
                        let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                        revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                    }
                } else {
                    revert(errorMessage);
                }
            }
        }
    }