ETH Price: $2,535.18 (+0.05%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
16394312 at Jan-13-2023 12:31:47 AM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.001526535026054862 ETH $3.87
Gas Used:
75,359 Gas / 20.256837618 Gwei

Emitted Events:

140 EthboxProxy.0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef( 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef, 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0x000000000000000000000000fb82779945d3185c1b0c9a68bb3273001afde25a, 0x000000000000000000000000fb82779945d3185c1b0c9a68bb3273001afde25a )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
0x2b74fBE8...1afB61038
(bloXroute: Ethical Builder)
3.115681932517652575 Eth3.115794971017652575 Eth0.0001130385
0xfB827799...01AFde25a
0.040753001927997053 Eth
Nonce: 75
0.039226466901942191 Eth
Nonce: 76
0.001526535026054862

Execution Trace

EthboxProxy.CALL( )
  • EthboxV2.DELEGATECALL( )
    File 1 of 2: EthboxProxy
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicensed
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    // *******///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////******
    // ****/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////***
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    pragma solidity 0.8.16;
    import "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol";
    contract EthboxProxy is ERC1967Proxy {
      constructor(address impl, bytes memory data) ERC1967Proxy(impl, data) {}
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../Proxy.sol";
    import "./ERC1967Upgrade.sol";
    /**
     * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
     * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
     * implementation behind the proxy.
     */
    contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
        /**
         * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
         *
         * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
         * function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
         */
        constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
            _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
         */
        function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
            return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
    import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
    import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
    import "../../utils/Address.sol";
    import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";
    /**
     * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     *
     * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow delegatecall
     */
    abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade {
        // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
        bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;
        /**
         * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
         * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
         * validated in the constructor.
         */
        bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
         */
        event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
         */
        function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
            return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
         */
        function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
            require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
            StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
         *
         * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
         */
        function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
            emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
         *
         * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
         */
        function _upgradeToAndCall(
            address newImplementation,
            bytes memory data,
            bool forceCall
        ) internal {
            _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
            if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
         *
         * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
         */
        function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(
            address newImplementation,
            bytes memory data,
            bool forceCall
        ) internal {
            // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
            // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
            // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
            if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
                _setImplementation(newImplementation);
            } else {
                try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                    require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
                } catch {
                    revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
                }
                _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
         * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
         * validated in the constructor.
         */
        bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
         */
        event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the current admin.
         */
        function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
            return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
         */
        function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
            require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
            StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
         *
         * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
         */
        function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
            emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
            _setAdmin(newAdmin);
        }
        /**
         * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
         * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
         */
        bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when the beacon is upgraded.
         */
        event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the current beacon.
         */
        function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
            return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
         */
        function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
            require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
            require(
                Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
                "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
            );
            StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
         * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
         *
         * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
         */
        function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(
            address newBeacon,
            bytes memory data,
            bool forceCall
        ) internal {
            _setBeacon(newBeacon);
            emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
            if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
     * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
     * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
     *
     * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
     * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
     *
     * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
     */
    abstract contract Proxy {
        /**
         * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
         *
         * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
         */
        function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
            assembly {
                // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                // Call the implementation.
                // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                // Copy the returned data.
                returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                switch result
                // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                case 0 {
                    revert(0, returndatasize())
                }
                default {
                    return(0, returndatasize())
                }
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
         * and {_fallback} should delegate.
         */
        function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
        /**
         * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
         *
         * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
         */
        function _fallback() internal virtual {
            _beforeFallback();
            _delegate(_implementation());
        }
        /**
         * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
         * function in the contract matches the call data.
         */
        fallback() external payable virtual {
            _fallback();
        }
        /**
         * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
         * is empty.
         */
        receive() external payable virtual {
            _fallback();
        }
        /**
         * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
         * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
         *
         * If overridden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
         */
        function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {}
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
     *
     * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
     * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
     *
     * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
     *
     * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
     * ```
     * contract ERC1967 {
     *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
     *
     *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
     *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
     *     }
     *
     *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
     *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
     *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
     *     }
     * }
     * ```
     *
     * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, and `uint256`._
     */
    library StorageSlot {
        struct AddressSlot {
            address value;
        }
        struct BooleanSlot {
            bool value;
        }
        struct Bytes32Slot {
            bytes32 value;
        }
        struct Uint256Slot {
            uint256 value;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
         */
        function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r.slot := slot
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
         */
        function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r.slot := slot
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
         */
        function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r.slot := slot
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
         */
        function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r.slot := slot
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/Address.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
    /**
     * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
     */
    library Address {
        /**
         * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
         *
         * [IMPORTANT]
         * ====
         * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
         * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
         *
         * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
         * types of addresses:
         *
         *  - an externally-owned account
         *  - a contract in construction
         *  - an address where a contract will be created
         *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
         * ====
         *
         * [IMPORTANT]
         * ====
         * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
         *
         * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
         * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
         * constructor.
         * ====
         */
        function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
            // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
            // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
            // of the constructor execution.
            return account.code.length > 0;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
         * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
         *
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
         * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
         * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
         * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
         *
         * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
         *
         * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
         * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
         * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
         * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
         */
        function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
            require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
            (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
            require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
         * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
         * function instead.
         *
         * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
         * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
         *
         * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
         * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `target` must be a contract.
         * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
         * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
         * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 value
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
         * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 value,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
            require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
            return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a static call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.3._
         */
        function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a static call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.3._
         */
        function functionStaticCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
            require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
            return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a delegate call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a delegate call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function functionDelegateCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
            return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
         * revert reason using the provided one.
         *
         * _Available since v4.3._
         */
        function verifyCallResult(
            bool success,
            bytes memory returndata,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
            if (success) {
                return returndata;
            } else {
                // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                if (returndata.length > 0) {
                    // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                    assembly {
                        let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                        revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                    }
                } else {
                    revert(errorMessage);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
     * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
     */
    interface IERC1822Proxiable {
        /**
         * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
         * address.
         *
         * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
         * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
         * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
         */
        function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
     */
    interface IBeacon {
        /**
         * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
         *
         * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
         */
        function implementation() external view returns (address);
    }
    

    File 2 of 2: EthboxV2
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicensed
    pragma solidity 0.8.16;
    import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
    import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";
    import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";
    import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";
    import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol";
    import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
    import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol";
    import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
    import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol";
    import "./strings.sol";
    import "./base64.sol";
    import "./EthboxStructs.sol";
    abstract contract EthboxMetadata {
        function buildMetadata(
            address owner,
            EthboxStructs.UnpackedMessage[] memory messages,
            uint256 ethboxSize,
            uint256 ethboxDrip
        ) public view virtual returns (string memory data);
    }
    contract EthboxV2 is ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata, Initializable, OwnableUpgradeable, ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable, UUPSUpgradeable {
        using Strings for uint256;
        using strings for *;
        //--ERC721 Variables--//
        string private _name;
        string private _symbol;
        EthboxMetadata public metadata;
        /// @notice Mapping to keep track of whether an address has minted an ethbox.
        /// @dev Using a bool rather than number because an address can only mint one.
        mapping(address => bool) public minted;
        //--Messaging Variables--//
        /// @notice The default size an ethbox is set to at mint
        /// @dev This size can be increased for a fee, see { expandEthboxSize }
        uint256 public constant defaultEthboxSize = 3;
        /// @notice The default time it will take for a message to "expire". For example,
        /// someone sends a 1 ETH message, in four weeks all that ETH, minus our fee
        /// will be claimable by the ethbox owner.
        /// @dev This can be changed by ethbox owners, when their ethbox is empty.
        /// This change only affects their ethbox. See { changeEthboxDurationTime }
        uint256 public constant defaultDripTime = 4 weeks;
        /// @notice Max message length somebody can send, this will not change.
        uint256 public constant maxMessageLen = 141;
        /// @notice The initial cost of increasing ethbox size.
        /// @dev Settable by contract owner here { setSizeIncreaseFee }
        uint256 public sizeIncreaseFee;
        /// @notice The BPS increase in fee depending on how many slots the user
        /// already has
        /// @dev Settable by contract owner here { setSizeIncreaseFeeBPS }
        uint256 public sizeIncreaseFeeBPS;
        /// @notice The BPS fee charged by contract owner per message.
        /// @dev Settable by contract owner here { setMessageFeeBPS }
        uint256 public messageFeeBPS;
        /// @notice The recipient of these fees.
        /// @dev Settable by contract owner here { setMessageFeeRecipient }
        address public messageFeeRecipient;
        /// @notice Mapping to keep track of an address' messages.
        /// @dev See { EthboxStructs.Message }
        /// Note: address does not have to mint ethbox to recieve messages.
        /// An unminted ethbox with messages will claim all value upong minting.
        mapping(address => EthboxStructs.Message[]) public ethboxMessages;
        /// @notice Stores ethbox specific information in an address => uint256 mapping
        /// @dev Bits Layout:
        /// - [0..159]   `payoutRecipient`
        /// - [160..223] `drip (timestamp)`
        /// - [224]      `isLocked`
        /// - [225 - 232]  `size`
        /// - [233..255] Currently unused
        /// See { packEthboxInfo } and { unpackEthboxInfo } for implementation.
        mapping(address => uint256) packedEthboxInfo;
        /// @notice Mapping to keep track of remaining eth to be claimed from bumped messages
        /// An unminted ethbox with messages will claim all value upong minting.
        mapping(address => uint256) public bumpedClaimValue;
        //--Packing Constants--//
        /// @dev Bit position of drip timestamp in { packedEthboxInfo }
        /// see { unpackEthboxDrip }
        uint256 private constant BITPOS_ETHBOX_DRIP_TIMESTAMP = 160;
        /// @dev Bit position of ethbox locked boolean in { packedEthboxInfo }
        /// see { unpackEthboxLocked }
        uint256 private constant BITPOS_ETHBOX_LOCKED = 224;
        /// @dev Bit position of ethbox size in { packedEthboxInfo }
        /// see { unpackEthboxSize }
        uint256 private constant BITPOS_ETHBOX_SIZE = 225;
        // Packed message data bit positions. See { EthboxStructs.Message.data }
        // See { packMessageData } and { unpackMessageData } for implementation.
        /// @dev Bit position of timestamp sent in EthboxStructs.Message.data
        /// See { unpackMessageTimestamp }
        uint256 private constant BITPOS_MESSAGE_TIMESTAMP = 160;
        /// @dev Bit position of message index in EthboxStructs.Message.data
        /// See { unpackMessageIndex }
        uint256 private constant BITPOS_MESSAGE_INDEX = 224;
        /// @dev Bit position of message fee BPS in EthboxStructs.Message.data
        /// See { unpackMessageFeeBPS }
        uint256 private constant BITPOS_MESSAGE_FEEBPS = 232;
        /// TODO: Currently not being used.
        uint256 private constant BITMASK_RECIPIENT = (1 << 160) - 1;
        function initialize() public initializer {
            __Ownable_init();
            __ReentrancyGuard_init();
            _name = "Ethbox";
            _symbol = "ETHBOX";
            sizeIncreaseFee = 0.05 ether;
            sizeIncreaseFeeBPS = 2500;
            messageFeeBPS = 250;
            messageFeeRecipient = 0x40543d76fb35c60ff578b648d723E14CcAb8b390;
        }
        function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal override onlyOwner {}
        ////////////////////////////////////////
        // ERC721 functions //
        ////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @dev See {ERC721-supportsInterface}.
        function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
            public
            view
            virtual
            override(ERC165, IERC165)
            returns (bool)
        {
            return
                interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
                interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
                super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
        }
        /// @notice Returns ethbox balance.
        /// @dev Can only be 1 or 0. As ethboxes are soulbound, if the address
        /// has minted, we know their balance is 1.
        /// @param _owner The address to query.
        /// @return _balance uint256
        function balanceOf(address _owner) public view override returns (uint256) {
            if (minted[_owner]) return 1;
            return 0;
        }
        /// @notice Returns owner of an ethox tokenId.
        /// @dev TokenId is a uint256 casting of an address, so is unique to that address.
        /// Here we re-cast the uint256 to an address to get the owner if minted.
        /// @param _tokenId the tokenId to query.
        function ownerOf(uint256 _tokenId) public view override returns (address) {
            address owner = address(uint160(_tokenId));
            require(minted[owner], "ERC721: invalid token ID");
            return owner;
        }
        /// @notice Returns the ethbox tokenId associated with a given address.
        /// @dev Like { ownerOf } only returns if minted.
        /// We cast the address to a uint256 to generate a unique tokenId.
        /// @param _owner the address to query.
        function ethboxOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256) {
            require(minted[_owner], "address has not minted their ethbox");
            return uint256(uint160(_owner));
        }
        /// @dev See { ERC721-name }.
        function name() public view override returns (string memory) {
            return _name;
        }
        /// @dev See { ERC721-symbol }.
        function symbol() public view override returns (string memory) {
            return _symbol;
        }
        /// @notice Overridden version of { ERC721-tokenURI }.
        /// @dev First checks if the tokenId has been minted, then gets the owner's
        /// messages ordered by value and inbox size. Metadata contract uses these
        /// ordered messages and size to generate the SVG. See { EthboxMetadata }.
        function tokenURI(uint256 _tokenId)
            public
            view
            override
            returns (string memory)
        {
            require(minted[address(uint160(_tokenId))]);
            address owner = address(uint160(_tokenId));
            EthboxStructs.UnpackedMessage[] memory messages = getOrderedMessages(
                owner
            );
            uint256 eSize = unpackEthboxSize(owner);
            uint256 eDrip = unpackEthboxDrip(owner);
            return metadata.buildMetadata(owner, messages, eSize, eDrip);
        }
        /// @dev See { ERC721-getApproved }.
        function getApproved(uint256 _tokenId)
            public
            view
            override
            returns (address)
        {
            require(minted[address(uint160(_tokenId))]);
            return address(0);
        }
        /// @dev Always returns false as transferring is disabled.
        function isApprovedForAll(address, address)
            public
            pure
            override
            returns (bool)
        {
            return false;
        }
        /// @dev All the following functions are disabled to make ethboxes soulbound.
        function approve(address, uint256) public pure override {
            revert("disabled");
        }
        function setApprovalForAll(address, bool) public pure override {
            revert("disabled");
        }
        function transferFrom(
            address,
            address,
            uint256
        ) public pure override {
            revert("disabled");
        }
        function safeTransferFrom(
            address,
            address,
            uint256
        ) public pure override {
            revert("disabled");
        }
        function safeTransferFrom(
            address,
            address,
            uint256,
            bytes memory
        ) public pure override {
            revert("disabled");
        }
        ////////////////////////////////////
        // Minting function //
        ////////////////////////////////////
        /// @notice Function to mint an ethbox to a given address.
        /// Only one per address, no max supply.
        /// @dev We pack the default ethbox info into the { packedEthboxInfo } mapping.
        /// This saves a lot of gas having to set these values in a struct, or various
        /// different mappings.
        function mintMyEthbox() external onlyProxy {
            address sender = msg.sender;
            require(!minted[sender], "ethbox already minted");
            minted[sender] = true;
            packedEthboxInfo[sender] = packEthboxInfo(
                sender,
                defaultDripTime,
                defaultEthboxSize,
                false
            );
            emit Transfer(address(0), sender, uint256(uint160(sender)));
            if (ethboxMessages[sender].length > 0) {
                claimAll();
            }
        }
        //////////////////////////////////////
        // Messaging Functions //
        //////////////////////////////////////
        // @notice Set the base cost of increasing ethbox size.
        /// @param _sizeIncreaseFee The new base increase fee.
        function setSizeIncreaseFee(uint256 _sizeIncreaseFee) external onlyOwner {
            sizeIncreaseFee = _sizeIncreaseFee;
        }
        /// @notice Set the BPS increase in cost of increasing ethbox size depending
        /// on how many slots the ethbox has already bought.
        /// @param _sizeIncreaseFeeBPS The new BPS.
        function setSizeIncreaseFeeBPS(uint256 _sizeIncreaseFeeBPS) external onlyOwner {
            sizeIncreaseFeeBPS = _sizeIncreaseFeeBPS;
        }
        /// @notice Sets message fee in BPS taken by the messageFeeRecipient.
        /// @param _messageFeeBPS the new BPS.
        function setMessageFeeBPS(uint256 _messageFeeBPS) external onlyOwner {
            messageFeeBPS = _messageFeeBPS;
        }
        /// @notice Sets the recipient of the above fees.
        /// @param _messageFeeRecipient the new recipient.
        function setMessageFeeRecipient(address _messageFeeRecipient) external onlyOwner {
            messageFeeRecipient = _messageFeeRecipient;
        }
        /// @notice Sets the metadata contract that { tokenURI } points to.
        /// @dev We want this to be updatable for any future SVG changes or bugfixes.
        function setMetadataContract(address _metadata) external onlyOwner {
            metadata = EthboxMetadata(_metadata);
        }
        /// @notice Gets the claimable value of a message.
        /// @dev Using the timestamp the message was sent at, combined with the
        /// block.timestamp, we calculate how many seconds have elapesed since the
        /// message was sent. From there we can divide the elapsed seconds by the
        /// ethbox's duration (given elapsed seconds are smaller) to calculate the BPS.
        /// Finally we deduct fees from the orignal message value and multiply by BPS
        /// to get the claimable value of that message.
        /// @param _message The message struct to calculate value from.
        /// @param _drip The drip timestamp of the ethbox.
        function getClaimableValue(
            EthboxStructs.Message memory _message,
            uint256 _drip
        ) public view returns (uint256 _claimableValue) {
            uint256 elapsedSeconds = block.timestamp -
                unpackMessageTimestamp(_message.data);
            if (elapsedSeconds < 1) return 0;
            if (elapsedSeconds > _drip) return getRemainingOriginalValue(_message);
            uint256 bps = (elapsedSeconds * 100) / _drip;
            uint256 subValue = (getOriginalValueMinusFees(_message) * bps) / 100;
            return (subValue - _message.claimedValue);
        }
        /// @notice Deducts fees from the original message value.
        /// @dev Used in { getClaimableValue } and { getRemainingOriginalValue }
        /// @param _message The message struct to calculate value from.
        function getOriginalValueMinusFees(EthboxStructs.Message memory _message)
            private
            pure
            returns (uint256)
        {
            return ((_message.originalValue *
                (10000 - unpackMessageFeeBPS(_message.data))) / 10000);
        }
        /// @notice Used to refund message sender any remaining eth in their message
        /// if their message gets bumped out the inbox.
        /// @dev Used in { _refundSender }
        /// @param _message The message struct to calculate value from.
        function getRemainingOriginalValue(EthboxStructs.Message memory _message)
            private
            pure
            returns (uint256)
        {
            return (getOriginalValueMinusFees(_message) - _message.claimedValue);
        }
        /// @notice Function to send a message to an ethbox.
        /// @dev If the message has a high enough value, we bump out the lowest value
        /// message in the ethbox and replace it. But if the ethbox is not full, we
        /// just insert it.
        /// When bumping a message out of an ethbox, if that message has ETH left,
        /// we refund that ETH to the sender.
        /// @param _to The ethbox to send the message to.
        /// @param _message The message content.
        /// @param _drip The ethbox drip.
        function sendMessage(address _to, string calldata _message, uint256 _drip) public payable nonReentrant onlyProxy {
            require(bytes(_message).length < maxMessageLen, "message too long");
            EthboxStructs.EthboxInfo memory ethboxInfo = unpackEthboxInfo(_to);
            uint256 compBoxSize = defaultEthboxSize;
            uint256 compDrip = defaultDripTime;
            if (ethboxInfo.size != 0) {
                compBoxSize = ethboxInfo.size;
                compDrip = ethboxInfo.drip;
            }
            require(!ethboxInfo.locked, "ethbox is locked");
            require(msg.value > 10000 || msg.value == 0, "message value incorrect");
            require(compDrip == _drip, "message drip incorrect");
            EthboxStructs.Message[] memory toMessages = ethboxMessages[_to];
            uint256 dynamicBoxSize = toMessages.length;
            if (dynamicBoxSize < compBoxSize) {
                _pushMessage(
                    _to,
                    msg.sender,
                    _message,
                    msg.value,
                    dynamicBoxSize
                );
            } else {
                (bool qualifies, uint256 indexToRemove) = _getIndexToReplace(
                    toMessages,
                    dynamicBoxSize,
                    msg.value
                );
                if (qualifies) {
                    EthboxStructs.Message memory droppedMessage = toMessages[
                        indexToRemove
                    ];
                    /// V2 
                    /// instead of always adding the current claimValue to the bumpedClaim mapping,
                    /// we instead only do that step if the ethbox is minted (and thus has a potentially active owner)
                    /// this prevents eth being locked forever (and adding eth to a claimValue mapping) of non-
                    /// active owners
                    /// if the ethbox is not minted, the time spent in ethbox of messages is "virtually" free, unless an 
                    /// owner mints (which could still happen at any time.)
                    /// this change also gives more of an incentive for owners to mint/claim when messages are in their box
                    /// 
                    if (ethboxInfo.size != 0) {
                        uint256 claimValue = getClaimableValue(droppedMessage, compDrip);
                        droppedMessage.claimedValue += claimValue;
                        bumpedClaimValue[_to] += claimValue;
                    }
                    /// V2
                    _refundSender(droppedMessage);
                    _insertMessage(
                        _to,
                        msg.sender,
                        _message,
                        msg.value,
                        indexToRemove
                    );
                } else {
                    revert("message value too low");
                }
            }
            _payFees(msg.value);
        }
        /// @notice Finds the index to replace with a new message.
        /// @dev Used in { sendMessage }.
        /// Also checks if the message even qualifies for replacement - meaning, is
        /// the value of the message larger than at least one of the existing messages.
        /// @param _toMessages The existing messages in the ethbox.
        /// @param _boxSize The size of the ethbox. Used to iterate through.
        /// @param _value The value of the new message.
        /// @return qualifies Does the message qualifiy for replacement.
        /// @return indexToRemove The index to remove and insert the new message into.
        function _getIndexToReplace(
            EthboxStructs.Message[] memory _toMessages,
            uint256 _boxSize,
            uint256 _value
        ) private pure returns (bool qualifies, uint256 indexToRemove) {
            uint256 lowIndex;
            uint256 lowValue = _toMessages[0].originalValue;
            uint256 dripedValue;
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < _boxSize; i++) {
                dripedValue = _toMessages[i].originalValue;
                if (dripedValue < lowValue) {
                    lowIndex = i;
                    lowValue = dripedValue;
                }
                if (qualifies == false && _value > dripedValue) {
                    qualifies = true;
                }
            }
            return (qualifies, lowIndex);
        }
        /// @notice Pushes a message into an ethbox. Used if an ethbox is not full.
        /// @dev Used in { sendMessage }.
        /// Packs message data into a "data" field in the Message struct using
        /// { packMessageData }
        /// @param _to The ethbox the message is being sent to.
        /// @param _from The address sending the message.
        /// @param _message The message content.
        /// @param _value The value of the message.
        /// @param _index The index of the message in the ethbox.
        function _pushMessage(
            address _to,
            address _from,
            string calldata _message,
            uint256 _value,
            uint256 _index
        ) private {
            EthboxStructs.Message memory message;
            message.data = packMessageData(
                _from,
                block.timestamp,
                _index,
                messageFeeBPS
            );
            message.message = _message;
            message.originalValue = _value;
            message.claimedValue = 0;
            ethboxMessages[_to].push(message);
        }
        /// @notice Inserts a message into an ethbox. Used if the ethbox is full.
        /// @dev Used in { sendMessage }.
        /// Packs message data just like { _pushMessage }.
        /// Instead of pushing, we insert the message at a given index.
        // @param _to The ethbox the message is being sent to.
        /// @param _from The address sending the message.
        /// @param _message The message content.
        /// @param _value The value of the message.
        /// @param _index The index to insert the message at and set in Message.data.
        function _insertMessage(
            address _to,
            address _from,
            string calldata _message,
            uint256 _value,
            uint256 _index
        ) private {
            EthboxStructs.Message memory message;
            message.data = packMessageData(
                _from,
                block.timestamp,
                _index,
                messageFeeBPS
            );
            message.message = _message;
            message.originalValue = _value;
            message.claimedValue = 0;
            ethboxMessages[_to][_index] = message;
        }
        /// @notice Removes a message from an ethbox.
        /// @dev Used in { removeOne }
        /// Sets the message to remove to the end of the array and pops it.
        /// Updates the index of the message that assumes the old index of the message
        /// we are deleting. We have to unpack and pack here to do this.
        /// @param _to The ethbox to remove a message from.
        /// @param _index The index to remove.
        function _removeMessage(address _to, uint256 _index) private {
            EthboxStructs.Message[] memory messages = ethboxMessages[_to];
            ethboxMessages[_to][_index] = messages[messages.length - 1];
            EthboxStructs.MessageData memory messageData = unpackMessageData(
                ethboxMessages[_to][_index].data
            );
            ethboxMessages[_to][_index].data = packMessageData(
                messageData.from,
                messageData.timestamp,
                _index,
                messageData.feeBPS
            );
            ethboxMessages[_to].pop();
        }
        /// @notice Removes multiple messages from an ethbox.
        /// @dev Used in { claimAll }
        /// Operates the same as { _removeMessage } but in a for loop.
        /// @param _to The ethbox to remove messages from.
        /// @param _indexes The indexes to remove.
        function _removeMessages(address _to, uint256[] memory _indexes) private {
            EthboxStructs.Message[] memory messages = ethboxMessages[_to];
            for (uint256 i = _indexes.length; i > 0; i--) {
                if (i != messages.length) {
                    EthboxStructs.MessageData
                        memory messageData = unpackMessageData(messages[i].data);
                    ethboxMessages[_to][_indexes[i - 1]] = messages[
                        messages.length - 1
                    ];
                    ethboxMessages[_to][_indexes[i - 1]].data = packMessageData(
                        messageData.from,
                        messageData.timestamp,
                        _indexes[i - 1],
                        messageData.feeBPS
                    );
                }
                ethboxMessages[_to].pop();
            }
        }
        /// @notice Pays fees to the messageFeeRecipient.
        /// @dev Used in { sendMessage }.
        /// We take the value of the message and multiply by fee BPS to get the
        /// fee owed to the messageFeeRecipient.
        /// @param _value The value of the message.
        function _payFees(uint256 _value) private{
            (bool successFees, ) = messageFeeRecipient.call{
                value: (_value * messageFeeBPS) / 10000
            }("");
            require(successFees, "could not pay fees");
        }
        /// @notice Pays an ethbox owner some value.
        /// @dev Used in { claimOne }, { claimAll }, { removeOne } and { removeAll }.
        /// We need to unpack the fee recipient of the ethbox.
        /// Sends the value to that recipient.
        /// @param _value The value of the message.
        /// @param _to The ethbox owner.
        function _payRecipient(address _to, uint256 _value) private{
            address recipient = unpackEthboxAddress(_to);
            (bool successRecipient, ) = recipient.call{value: _value}("");
            require(successRecipient, "could not pay recipient");
        }
        /// @notice Refunds the sender of a message that has been bumped or removed.
        /// @dev Used in { removeAll }, { removeOne } and { sendMessage }.
        /// Need to unpack who sent the message from Message.data.
        /// @param _message The message used to calculate refundable value and who
        /// to send value to.
        function _refundSender(EthboxStructs.Message memory _message) private {
            uint256 refundValue = getRemainingOriginalValue(_message);
            address from = unpackMessageFrom(_message.data);
            (bool successRefund, ) = from.call{value: refundValue}("");
            require(successRefund);
        }
        /// @notice Orders the messages in an ethbox by value.
        /// @dev Only used in { tokenURI } for metadata purposes.
        /// Unpacks the messages into an UnpackedMessage struct.
        /// See { EthboxStructs.UnpackedMessage }.
        /// @param _to Ethbox owner to query.
        /// @return _messages Ordered messages.
        function getOrderedMessages(address _to)
            public
            view
            returns (EthboxStructs.UnpackedMessage[] memory)
        {
            EthboxStructs.Message[] memory messages = ethboxMessages[_to];
            for (uint256 i = 1; i < messages.length; i++) {
                for (uint256 j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                    if (messages[i].originalValue > messages[j].originalValue) {
                        EthboxStructs.Message memory x = messages[i];
                        messages[i] = messages[j];
                        messages[j] = x;
                    }
                }
            }
            EthboxStructs.UnpackedMessage[]
                memory unpackedMessages = new EthboxStructs.UnpackedMessage[](
                    messages.length
                );
            EthboxStructs.MessageData memory unpackedData;
            for (uint256 k = 0; k < messages.length; k++) {
                EthboxStructs.UnpackedMessage memory newMessage;
                unpackedData = unpackMessageData(messages[k].data);
                newMessage.message = messages[k].message;
                newMessage.originalValue = messages[k].originalValue;
                newMessage.claimedValue = messages[k].claimedValue;
                newMessage.from = unpackedData.from;
                newMessage.timestamp = unpackedData.timestamp;
                newMessage.index = unpackedData.index;
                newMessage.feeBPS = unpackedData.feeBPS;
                unpackedMessages[k] = newMessage;
            }
            return unpackedMessages;
        }
        /// @dev Mimics { getOrderedMessages } without unpacking.
        function getOrderedPackedMessages(address _to)
            public
            view
            returns (EthboxStructs.Message[] memory)
        {
            EthboxStructs.Message[] memory messages = ethboxMessages[_to];
            for (uint256 i = 1; i < messages.length; i++) {
                for (uint256 j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                    if (messages[i].originalValue > messages[j].originalValue) {
                        EthboxStructs.Message memory x = messages[i];
                        messages[i] = messages[j];
                        messages[j] = x;
                    }
                }
            }
            return messages;
        }
        /// @notice Sets the locked state of an ethbox. If an ethbox is locked it
        /// cannot recieve messages.
        /// @dev We unpack and repack the sender's ethbox info with the new value.
        /// @param _isLocked The locked value to set their ethbox to.
        function changeEthboxLocked(bool _isLocked) external {
            EthboxStructs.EthboxInfo memory ethboxInfo = unpackEthboxInfo(
                msg.sender
            );
            require(ethboxInfo.size != 0, "ethbox needs to be minted");
            packedEthboxInfo[msg.sender] = packEthboxInfo(
                ethboxInfo.recipient,
                ethboxInfo.drip,
                ethboxInfo.size,
                _isLocked
            );
        }
        /// @notice Sets the payout recipient of the ethbox. Allows people to have
        /// their ethbox in cold storage, but get paid into a hot wallet.
        /// @dev We unpack and repack the sender's ethbox info with the new value.
        /// @param _recipient The new recipient of ethbox funds.
        function changeEthboxPayoutRecipient(address _recipient) external {
            EthboxStructs.EthboxInfo memory ethboxInfo = unpackEthboxInfo(
                msg.sender
            );
            require(ethboxInfo.size != 0, "ethbox needs to be minted");
            packedEthboxInfo[msg.sender] = packEthboxInfo(
                _recipient,
                ethboxInfo.drip,
                ethboxInfo.size,
                ethboxInfo.locked
            );
        }
        /// @notice Sets the drip time in an ethbox. This can only be done when the
        /// ethbox is locked and empty.
        /// @dev We unpack and repack the sender's ethbox info with the new value.
        /// @param _dripTime The new drip time of the ethbox's messages.
        function changeEthboxDripTime(uint256 _dripTime) external {
            EthboxStructs.EthboxInfo memory ethboxInfo = unpackEthboxInfo(
                msg.sender
            );
            require(ethboxInfo.size != 0, "ethbox needs to be minted");
            require(
                ethboxMessages[msg.sender].length == 0,
                "ethbox needs to be empty"
            );
            packedEthboxInfo[msg.sender] = packEthboxInfo(
                ethboxInfo.recipient,
                _dripTime,
                ethboxInfo.size,
                ethboxInfo.locked
            );
        }
        /// @notice Expands the ethbox size of the sender.
        /// @dev Sender must have minted.
        /// See { calculateSizeIncreaseCost } for how size increase is calculated.
        /// @param _size New ethbox size.
        function changeEthboxSize(uint256 _size) external payable {
            EthboxStructs.EthboxInfo memory ethboxInfo = unpackEthboxInfo(
                msg.sender
            );
            require(ethboxInfo.size != 0, "ethbox needs to be minted");
            uint256 total = calculateSizeIncreaseCost(_size, ethboxInfo.size);
            require(total == msg.value, total.toString());
            packedEthboxInfo[msg.sender] = packEthboxInfo(
                ethboxInfo.recipient,
                ethboxInfo.drip,
                _size,
                ethboxInfo.locked
            );
            (bool successFees, ) = messageFeeRecipient.call{value: msg.value}("");
            require(successFees);
        }
        /// @notice Calculates the cost of increasing ethbox size to a given value.
        /// @dev Used in { expandEthboxSize }.
        /// Uses { sizeIncreaseFee } and { sizeIncreaseFeeBPS } in calculation.
        /// @param _size The desired ethbox size.
        /// @param _currentSize The current size of the ethbox.
        /// @return total Cost of increasing inbox to desired size.
        function calculateSizeIncreaseCost(uint256 _size, uint256 _currentSize)
            public
            view
            returns (uint256 total)
        {
            require(_size > _currentSize, "new size should be larger");
            total = 0;
            for (uint256 i = _currentSize; i < _size; i++) {
                if (i == defaultEthboxSize) {
                    total += sizeIncreaseFee;
                } else {
                    total +=
                        (sizeIncreaseFee *
                            ((sizeIncreaseFeeBPS + 10000) **
                                (i - defaultEthboxSize))) /
                        (10000**(i - defaultEthboxSize));
                }
            }
            return total;
        }
        /// @notice Removes all messages from an ethbox.
        /// @dev An ethbox owner may call this so they can change the drip of their
        /// box. This calculates how much each message sender is owed and refunds them.
        /// The ethbox owner claims the remaining ETH.
        function removeAll() external nonReentrant {
            require(minted[msg.sender], "ethbox needs to be minted");
            uint256 claimValue = 0;
            uint256 totalValue = 0;
            EthboxStructs.Message[] memory messages = ethboxMessages[msg.sender];
            uint256 boxSize = messages.length;
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < boxSize; i++) {
                claimValue = getClaimableValue(
                    messages[i],
                    unpackEthboxDrip(msg.sender)
                );
                totalValue += claimValue;
                ethboxMessages[msg.sender][i].claimedValue += claimValue;
                _refundSender(ethboxMessages[msg.sender][i]);
            }
            delete ethboxMessages[msg.sender];
            _payRecipient(msg.sender, totalValue);
        }
        /// @notice Removes one of the messages in the ethbox.
        /// @dev An ethbox owner may not like a message they have recieved, they can
        /// use this to delete it. Like { removeAll } this calculates how much they
        /// can claim, and how much must be refunded.
        /// We are using the combination of these 3 parameters to guarantee that the ethbox
        /// owner will remove only the message they really intend to, without running the 
        /// risk of being front-run by a sendMessage transaction.
        /// @param _index The index of the message to delete.
        /// @param _messageValue the original value of the message to delete
        /// @param _from the sender of the message to delete
        function removeOne(uint256 _index, uint256 _messageValue, address _from) external nonReentrant {
            require(minted[msg.sender], "ethbox needs to be minted");
            EthboxStructs.Message memory message = ethboxMessages[msg.sender][_index];
            require(_messageValue == message.originalValue, "message at index does not match value");
            EthboxStructs.MessageData memory messageData = unpackMessageData(message.data);
            require(_from == messageData.from, "message at index does not match sender address");
            uint256 claimValue = getClaimableValue(
                message,
                unpackEthboxDrip(msg.sender)
            );
            message.claimedValue += claimValue;
            ethboxMessages[msg.sender][_index] = message;
            _removeMessage(msg.sender, _index);
            _refundSender(message);
            _payRecipient(msg.sender, claimValue);
        }
        /// @notice Function to claim all of the ETH owed to the sender's ethbox.
        /// @dev Calculates how much they are owed for each message and the claims
        /// the ETH. We update the claimed value of the message in the Message struct
        /// so that the owner cannot double claim.
        function claimAll() public nonReentrant {
            require(minted[msg.sender], "ethbox needs to be minted");
            uint256 claimValue = 0;
            uint256 totalValue = 0;
            EthboxStructs.Message[] memory messages = ethboxMessages[msg.sender];
            uint256 boxSize = messages.length;
            uint256[] memory removalIndexes = new uint256[](boxSize);
            uint256 removalCount = 0;
            uint256 dripTime = unpackEthboxDrip(msg.sender);
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < boxSize; i++) {
                EthboxStructs.Message memory message = messages[i];
                claimValue = getClaimableValue(message, dripTime);
                totalValue += claimValue;
                ethboxMessages[msg.sender][i].claimedValue += claimValue;
                if (
                    (unpackMessageTimestamp(message.data) + dripTime) <
                    block.timestamp
                ) {
                    removalIndexes[removalCount] = i;
                    removalCount++;
                }
            }
            uint256[] memory trimmedIndexes = new uint256[](removalCount);
            for (uint256 j = 0; j < trimmedIndexes.length; j++) {
                trimmedIndexes[j] = removalIndexes[j];
            }
            totalValue += bumpedClaimValue[msg.sender];
            bumpedClaimValue[msg.sender] = 0;
            _removeMessages(msg.sender, trimmedIndexes);
            _payRecipient(msg.sender, totalValue);
        }
        /// @notice Allows sender to claim ETH from one of their messages.
        /// @dev Uses { getClaimable value } on the message struct with the ethbox's
        /// drip to calculate.
        ///
        /// We are using the combination of these 3 parameters to guarantee that the ethbox
        /// owner will clalim only the message they really intend to, without running the 
        /// risk of being front-run by a sendMessage transaction.
        /// @param _index Index to claim ETH on.
        /// @param _messageValue the original value of the message to delete
        /// @param _from the sender of the message to delete
        function claimOne(uint256 _index, uint256 _messageValue, address _from) external nonReentrant {
            EthboxStructs.EthboxInfo memory ethboxInfo = unpackEthboxInfo(msg.sender);
            require(ethboxInfo.size != 0, "ethbox needs to be minted");
            EthboxStructs.Message memory message = ethboxMessages[msg.sender][_index];
            require(_messageValue == message.originalValue, "message at index does not match value");
            EthboxStructs.MessageData memory messageData = unpackMessageData(message.data);
            require(_from == messageData.from, "message at index does not match sender address");
            uint256 claimValue = getClaimableValue(
                message,
                unpackEthboxDrip(msg.sender)
            );
            if (messageData.timestamp + ethboxInfo.drip < block.timestamp){
                _removeMessage(msg.sender, messageData.index);
            }else {
                ethboxMessages[msg.sender][_index].claimedValue += claimValue;
            }
            _payRecipient(msg.sender, claimValue);
        }
        /// @notice A view function for external use in app or elsewhere.
        /// @dev Mimics how { claimAll } works, without making any payments.
        /// @param _ethboxAddress The ethbox address to query.
        /// @return value The claimable value of the ethbox.
        function getClaimableValueOfEthbox(address _ethboxAddress)
            public
            view
            returns (uint256)
        {
            EthboxStructs.Message[] memory messages = ethboxMessages[
                _ethboxAddress
            ];
            EthboxStructs.EthboxInfo memory ethboxInfo = unpackEthboxInfo(_ethboxAddress);
            uint256 boxSize = messages.length;
            uint256 claimValue = 0;
            uint256 totalValue = 0;
            uint256 realDrip = ethboxInfo.size == 0 ? defaultDripTime : ethboxInfo.drip;
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < boxSize; i++) {
                claimValue = getClaimableValue(
                    messages[i],
                    realDrip
                );
                totalValue += claimValue;
            }
            totalValue += bumpedClaimValue[_ethboxAddress];
            return totalValue;
        }
        //////////////////////////////////////
        //////////////////////////////////////
        // Packing & Unpacking Functions //
        //////////////////////////////////////
        //////////////////////////////////////
        /// @dev Unpacks the recipient in the packedEthboxInfo uint256.
        /// Used in { _payRecipient }
        /// @param _address The ethbox to query.
        /// @return recipient The payout recipient of the ethbox.
        function unpackEthboxAddress(address _address)
            private
            view
            returns (address)
        {
            return address(uint160(packedEthboxInfo[_address]));
        }
        /// @dev Unpacks the drip in the packedEthboxInfo uint256.
        /// Used in { claimOne }, { getClaimableValueOfEthbox }, { claimAll },
        /// { removeOne } and { removeAll }
        /// @param _address The ethbox to query.
        /// @return timestamp The drip timestamp of the ethbox.
        function unpackEthboxDrip(address _address) private view returns (uint64) {
            return
                uint64(packedEthboxInfo[_address] >> BITPOS_ETHBOX_DRIP_TIMESTAMP);
        }
        /// @dev Unpacks the size in the packedEthboxInfo uint256.
        /// Used in { tokenURI }
        /// @param _address The ethbox to query.
        /// @return size The size of the ethbox.
        function unpackEthboxSize(address _address) private view returns (uint8) {
            return uint8(packedEthboxInfo[_address] >> BITPOS_ETHBOX_SIZE);
        }
        /// @dev Unpacks the locked state in the packedEthboxInfo uint256.
        /// Not being used currently.
        /// @param _address The ethbox to query.
        /// @return isLocked Boolean reflecting whether the ethbox is locked or not.
        function unpackEthboxLocked(address _address) private view returns (bool) {
            uint256 flag = (packedEthboxInfo[_address] >> BITPOS_ETHBOX_LOCKED) &
                uint256(1);
            return flag != 0;
        }
        /// @dev Unpacks the entire packedEthboxInfo uint256 into an EthboxInfo struct.
        /// See { EthboxStructs.EthboxInfo }.
        /// Used in { expandEthboxSize }, { changeEthboxDurationTime },
        /// { changeEthboxPayoutRecipient }, { setEthboxIsLocked } and { sendMessage }.
        /// @param _address Address to unpack the ethbox of.
        /// @return ethbox The ethbox's info.
        function unpackEthboxInfo(address _address)
            public
            view
            returns (EthboxStructs.EthboxInfo memory ethbox)
        {
            uint256 packedEthbox = packedEthboxInfo[_address];
            ethbox.recipient = address(uint160(packedEthbox));
            ethbox.drip = uint64(packedEthbox >> BITPOS_ETHBOX_DRIP_TIMESTAMP);
            ethbox.size = uint8(packedEthbox >> BITPOS_ETHBOX_SIZE);
            ethbox.locked =
                ((packedEthbox >> BITPOS_ETHBOX_LOCKED) & uint256(1)) != 0;
        }
        /// @dev Packs an ethbox's info.
        /// Does this by casting each input to a specific part of a uint256.
        /// Used in all the same functions as { unpackEthboxInfo } and used by
        /// { mintMyEthbox }.
        /// @param _recipient Payout recipient of the ethbox.
        /// @param _drip Drip timestamp of the ethbox.
        /// @param _size Size of the ethbox.
        /// @param _locked Locked state of the ethbox.
        /// @return packed The packed ethbox info.
        function packEthboxInfo(
            address _recipient,
            uint256 _drip,
            uint256 _size,
            bool _locked
        ) private pure returns (uint256) {
            uint256 packedEthbox = uint256(uint160(_recipient));
            packedEthbox |=
                (_drip << BITPOS_ETHBOX_DRIP_TIMESTAMP) |
                (boolToUint(_locked) << BITPOS_ETHBOX_LOCKED) |
                (_size << BITPOS_ETHBOX_SIZE);
            return packedEthbox;
        }
        /// @dev Casts a boolean value to a uint256. True -> 1, False -> 0.
        /// Helper used in { packEthboxInfo }
        function boolToUint(bool _b) private pure returns (uint256) {
            uint256 _bInt;
            assembly {
                // SAFETY: Simple bool-to-int cast.
                _bInt := _b
            }
            return _bInt;
        }
        /// @dev Packs part of the Message struct into a "data" field.
        /// Used in { _removeMessage/s }, { _insertMessage } and { _pushMessage }.
        /// Using the same method as { packEthboxInfo }, we cast each input to a
        /// specific part of the uint256 we return.
        /// @param _from The from address of the message.
        /// @param _timestamp The timestamp the message was sent at.
        /// @param _index The index of the message in the ethbox.
        /// @param _feeBPS The global feeBPS at the time of the message being sent.
        /// @return packed The packed message data.
        function packMessageData(
            address _from,
            uint256 _timestamp,
            uint256 _index,
            uint256 _feeBPS
        ) private pure returns (uint256) {
            uint256 packedEthbox = uint256(uint160(_from));
            packedEthbox |=
                (_timestamp << BITPOS_MESSAGE_TIMESTAMP) |
                (_index << BITPOS_MESSAGE_INDEX) |
                (_feeBPS << BITPOS_MESSAGE_FEEBPS);
            return packedEthbox;
        }
        /// @dev Unpacks the message data into a MessageData stuct.
        /// See { EthboxStructs.MessageData }.
        /// Used in { _removeMessage/s }.
        /// Using the same method as { unpackEthboxInfo } we shift bits back to
        /// where they once were, and apply appropriate data types.
        /// @param _data Message data to unpack.
        /// @return messageData Unpacked message data.
        function unpackMessageData(uint256 _data)
            private
            pure
            returns (EthboxStructs.MessageData memory messageData)
        {
            messageData.from = address(uint160(_data));
            messageData.timestamp = uint64(_data >> BITPOS_MESSAGE_TIMESTAMP);
            messageData.index = uint8(_data >> BITPOS_MESSAGE_INDEX);
            messageData.feeBPS = uint24(_data >> BITPOS_MESSAGE_FEEBPS);
        }
        /// @dev Unpacks the sent timestamp in packed message data.
        /// Used in { claimAll } and { getClaimableValue }.
        /// @param _data Data to unpack.
        /// @return timestamp Timestamp the message was sent at.
        function unpackMessageTimestamp(uint256 _data)
            private
            pure
            returns (uint64)
        {
            return uint64(_data >> BITPOS_MESSAGE_TIMESTAMP);
        }
        /// @dev Unpacks the feeBPS in packed message data.
        /// Used in { getOriginalValueMinusFees }
        /// @param _data Data to unpack.
        /// @return feeBPS FeeBPS when the message was sent.
        function unpackMessageFeeBPS(uint256 _data) private pure returns (uint24) {
            return uint24(_data >> BITPOS_MESSAGE_FEEBPS);
        }
        /// @dev Unpacks the index in packed message data.
        /// Currently not being used.
        /// @param _data Data to unpack.
        /// @return index Index of the message in the ethbox.
        function unpackMessageIndex(uint256 _data) private pure returns (uint8) {
            return uint8(_data >> BITPOS_MESSAGE_INDEX);
        }
        /// @dev Unpacks the message sender in packed message data.
        /// Used in { _refundSender }
        /// @param _data Data to unpack.
        /// @return sender Sender of the message.
        function unpackMessageFrom(uint256 _data) private pure returns (address) {
            return address(uint160(_data));
        }
        //--External Unpacking Functions for Use In App and Elsewhere--//
        /// @dev These do the same as the above functions, but are just external.
        /// Please refer back to the documentation for { unpackEthboxInfo }.
        function ethboxDripTime(address _owner) external view returns (uint256) {
            if (minted[_owner]) return unpackEthboxInfo(_owner).drip;
            return defaultDripTime;
        }
        function ethboxPayoutRecipient(address _owner) external view returns (address) {
            if (minted[_owner]) return unpackEthboxInfo(_owner).recipient;
            return _owner;
            
        }
        function ethboxSize(address _owner) external view returns (uint256) {
            if (minted[_owner]) return unpackEthboxInfo(_owner).size;
            return defaultEthboxSize;
        }
        function ethboxLocked(address _owner) external view returns (bool) {
            if (minted[_owner]) return unpackEthboxInfo(_owner).locked;
            return false;
        }
        /// @dev Refunds the value of a message if the owner didn't mint
        /// V2
        /// @param _index The index of the message to delete and refund
        /// @param _messageValue the original value of the message to delete and refund
        /// @param _to the address of the targeted ethbox
        function getRefundForMessage(uint256 _index, uint256 _messageValue, address _to) external nonReentrant {
            require(!minted[_to], "ethbox needs to be not minted");
            EthboxStructs.Message memory message = ethboxMessages[_to][_index];
            require(_messageValue == message.originalValue, "message at index does not match value");
            EthboxStructs.MessageData memory messageData = unpackMessageData(message.data);
            require(msg.sender == messageData.from, "message at index does not match your address");
            uint256 elapsedSeconds = block.timestamp - messageData.timestamp;
            require(elapsedSeconds > defaultDripTime, "message needs to be expired");
            _removeMessage(_to, _index);
            _refundSender(message);
        }
    }// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicensed
    pragma solidity 0.8.16;
    library EthboxStructs {
        struct Message {
            string message;
            uint256 originalValue;
            uint256 claimedValue;
            uint256 data;
        }
        struct MessageData {
            address from;
            uint64 timestamp;
            uint8 index;
            uint24 feeBPS;
        }
        struct UnpackedMessage {
            string message;
            uint256 originalValue;
            uint256 claimedValue;
            address from;
            uint64 timestamp;
            uint8 index;
            uint24 feeBPS;
        }
        struct MessageInfo {
            address to;
            string visibility;
            UnpackedMessage message;
            uint256 index;
            uint256 maxSize;
        }
        struct EthboxInfo {
            address recipient;
            uint8 size;
            bool locked;
            uint64 drip;
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    library Base64 {
        string internal constant TABLE_ENCODE = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/';
        bytes  internal constant TABLE_DECODE = hex"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
                                                hex"00000000000000000000003e0000003f3435363738393a3b3c3d000000000000"
                                                hex"00000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718190000000000"
                                                hex"001a1b1c1d1e1f202122232425262728292a2b2c2d2e2f303132330000000000";
        function encode(bytes memory data) internal pure returns (string memory) {
            if (data.length == 0) return '';
            // load the table into memory
            string memory table = TABLE_ENCODE;
            // multiply by 4/3 rounded up
            uint256 encodedLen = 4 * ((data.length + 2) / 3);
            // add some extra buffer at the end required for the writing
            string memory result = new string(encodedLen + 32);
            assembly {
                // set the actual output length
                mstore(result, encodedLen)
                // prepare the lookup table
                let tablePtr := add(table, 1)
                // input ptr
                let dataPtr := data
                let endPtr := add(dataPtr, mload(data))
                // result ptr, jump over length
                let resultPtr := add(result, 32)
                // run over the input, 3 bytes at a time
                for {} lt(dataPtr, endPtr) {}
                {
                    // read 3 bytes
                    dataPtr := add(dataPtr, 3)
                    let input := mload(dataPtr)
                    // write 4 characters
                    mstore8(resultPtr, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(18, input), 0x3F))))
                    resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1)
                    mstore8(resultPtr, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(12, input), 0x3F))))
                    resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1)
                    mstore8(resultPtr, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr( 6, input), 0x3F))))
                    resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1)
                    mstore8(resultPtr, mload(add(tablePtr, and(        input,  0x3F))))
                    resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1)
                }
                // padding with '='
                switch mod(mload(data), 3)
                case 1 { mstore(sub(resultPtr, 2), shl(240, 0x3d3d)) }
                case 2 { mstore(sub(resultPtr, 1), shl(248, 0x3d)) }
            }
            return result;
        }
        function decode(string memory _data) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
            bytes memory data = bytes(_data);
            if (data.length == 0) return new bytes(0);
            require(data.length % 4 == 0, "invalid base64 decoder input");
            // load the table into memory
            bytes memory table = TABLE_DECODE;
            // every 4 characters represent 3 bytes
            uint256 decodedLen = (data.length / 4) * 3;
            // add some extra buffer at the end required for the writing
            bytes memory result = new bytes(decodedLen + 32);
            assembly {
                // padding with '='
                let lastBytes := mload(add(data, mload(data)))
                if eq(and(lastBytes, 0xFF), 0x3d) {
                    decodedLen := sub(decodedLen, 1)
                    if eq(and(lastBytes, 0xFFFF), 0x3d3d) {
                        decodedLen := sub(decodedLen, 1)
                    }
                }
                // set the actual output length
                mstore(result, decodedLen)
                // prepare the lookup table
                let tablePtr := add(table, 1)
                // input ptr
                let dataPtr := data
                let endPtr := add(dataPtr, mload(data))
                // result ptr, jump over length
                let resultPtr := add(result, 32)
                // run over the input, 4 characters at a time
                for {} lt(dataPtr, endPtr) {}
                {
                   // read 4 characters
                   dataPtr := add(dataPtr, 4)
                   let input := mload(dataPtr)
                   // write 3 bytes
                   let output := add(
                       add(
                           shl(18, and(mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(24, input), 0xFF))), 0xFF)),
                           shl(12, and(mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(16, input), 0xFF))), 0xFF))),
                       add(
                           shl( 6, and(mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr( 8, input), 0xFF))), 0xFF)),
                                   and(mload(add(tablePtr, and(        input , 0xFF))), 0xFF)
                        )
                    )
                    mstore(resultPtr, shl(232, output))
                    resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 3)
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
    }/*
     * @title String & slice utility library for Solidity contracts.
     * @author Nick Johnson <[email protected]>
     *
     * @dev Functionality in this library is largely implemented using an
     *      abstraction called a 'slice'. A slice represents a part of a string -
     *      anything from the entire string to a single character, or even no
     *      characters at all (a 0-length slice). Since a slice only has to specify
     *      an offset and a length, copying and manipulating slices is a lot less
     *      expensive than copying and manipulating the strings they reference.
     *
     *      To further reduce gas costs, most functions on slice that need to return
     *      a slice modify the original one instead of allocating a new one; for
     *      instance, `s.split(".")` will return the text up to the first '.',
     *      modifying s to only contain the remainder of the string after the '.'.
     *      In situations where you do not want to modify the original slice, you
     *      can make a copy first with `.copy()`, for example:
     *      `s.copy().split(".")`. Try and avoid using this idiom in loops; since
     *      Solidity has no memory management, it will result in allocating many
     *      short-lived slices that are later discarded.
     *
     *      Functions that return two slices come in two versions: a non-allocating
     *      version that takes the second slice as an argument, modifying it in
     *      place, and an allocating version that allocates and returns the second
     *      slice; see `nextRune` for example.
     *
     *      Functions that have to copy string data will return strings rather than
     *      slices; these can be cast back to slices for further processing if
     *      required.
     *
     *      For convenience, some functions are provided with non-modifying
     *      variants that create a new slice and return both; for instance,
     *      `s.splitNew('.')` leaves s unmodified, and returns two values
     *      corresponding to the left and right parts of the string.
     */
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    library strings {
        struct slice {
            uint256 _len;
            uint256 _ptr;
        }
        function memcpy(
            uint256 dest,
            uint256 src,
            uint256 length
        ) private pure {
            // Copy word-length chunks while possible
            for (; length >= 32; length -= 32) {
                assembly {
                    mstore(dest, mload(src))
                }
                dest += 32;
                src += 32;
            }
            // Copy remaining bytes
            uint256 mask = type(uint256).max;
            if (length > 0) {
                mask = 256**(32 - length) - 1;
            }
            assembly {
                let srcpart := and(mload(src), not(mask))
                let destpart := and(mload(dest), mask)
                mstore(dest, or(destpart, srcpart))
            }
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns a slice containing the entire string.
         * @param self The string to make a slice from.
         * @return A newly allocated slice containing the entire string.
         */
        function toSlice(string memory self) internal pure returns (slice memory) {
            uint256 ptr;
            assembly {
                ptr := add(self, 0x20)
            }
            return slice(bytes(self).length, ptr);
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns the length of a null-terminated bytes32 string.
         * @param self The value to find the length of.
         * @return The length of the string, from 0 to 32.
         */
        function len(bytes32 self) internal pure returns (uint256) {
            uint256 ret;
            if (self == 0) return 0;
            if (uint256(self) & type(uint128).max == 0) {
                ret += 16;
                self = bytes32(uint256(self) / 0x100000000000000000000000000000000);
            }
            if (uint256(self) & type(uint64).max == 0) {
                ret += 8;
                self = bytes32(uint256(self) / 0x10000000000000000);
            }
            if (uint256(self) & type(uint32).max == 0) {
                ret += 4;
                self = bytes32(uint256(self) / 0x100000000);
            }
            if (uint256(self) & type(uint16).max == 0) {
                ret += 2;
                self = bytes32(uint256(self) / 0x10000);
            }
            if (uint256(self) & type(uint8).max == 0) {
                ret += 1;
            }
            return 32 - ret;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns a slice containing the entire bytes32, interpreted as a
         *      null-terminated utf-8 string.
         * @param self The bytes32 value to convert to a slice.
         * @return A new slice containing the value of the input argument up to the
         *         first null.
         */
        function toSliceB32(bytes32 self) internal pure returns (slice memory ret) {
            // Allocate space for `self` in memory, copy it there, and point ret at it
            assembly {
                let ptr := mload(0x40)
                mstore(0x40, add(ptr, 0x20))
                mstore(ptr, self)
                mstore(add(ret, 0x20), ptr)
            }
            ret._len = len(self);
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns a new slice containing the same data as the current slice.
         * @param self The slice to copy.
         * @return A new slice containing the same data as `self`.
         */
        function copy(slice memory self) internal pure returns (slice memory) {
            return slice(self._len, self._ptr);
        }
        /*
         * @dev Copies a slice to a new string.
         * @param self The slice to copy.
         * @return A newly allocated string containing the slice's text.
         */
        function toString(slice memory self) internal pure returns (string memory) {
            string memory ret = new string(self._len);
            uint256 retptr;
            assembly {
                retptr := add(ret, 32)
            }
            memcpy(retptr, self._ptr, self._len);
            return ret;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns the length in runes of the slice. Note that this operation
         *      takes time proportional to the length of the slice; avoid using it
         *      in loops, and call `slice.empty()` if you only need to know whether
         *      the slice is empty or not.
         * @param self The slice to operate on.
         * @return The length of the slice in runes.
         */
        function len(slice memory self) internal pure returns (uint256 l) {
            // Starting at ptr-31 means the LSB will be the byte we care about
            uint256 ptr = self._ptr - 31;
            uint256 end = ptr + self._len;
            for (l = 0; ptr < end; l++) {
                uint8 b;
                assembly {
                    b := and(mload(ptr), 0xFF)
                }
                if (b < 0x80) {
                    ptr += 1;
                } else if (b < 0xE0) {
                    ptr += 2;
                } else if (b < 0xF0) {
                    ptr += 3;
                } else if (b < 0xF8) {
                    ptr += 4;
                } else if (b < 0xFC) {
                    ptr += 5;
                } else {
                    ptr += 6;
                }
            }
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns true if the slice is empty (has a length of 0).
         * @param self The slice to operate on.
         * @return True if the slice is empty, False otherwise.
         */
        function empty(slice memory self) internal pure returns (bool) {
            return self._len == 0;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns a positive number if `other` comes lexicographically after
         *      `self`, a negative number if it comes before, or zero if the
         *      contents of the two slices are equal. Comparison is done per-rune,
         *      on unicode codepoints.
         * @param self The first slice to compare.
         * @param other The second slice to compare.
         * @return The result of the comparison.
         */
        function compare(slice memory self, slice memory other)
            internal
            pure
            returns (int256)
        {
            uint256 shortest = self._len;
            if (other._len < self._len) shortest = other._len;
            uint256 selfptr = self._ptr;
            uint256 otherptr = other._ptr;
            for (uint256 idx = 0; idx < shortest; idx += 32) {
                uint256 a;
                uint256 b;
                assembly {
                    a := mload(selfptr)
                    b := mload(otherptr)
                }
                if (a != b) {
                    // Mask out irrelevant bytes and check again
                    uint256 mask = type(uint256).max; // 0xffff...
                    if (shortest < 32) {
                        mask = ~(2**(8 * (32 - shortest + idx)) - 1);
                    }
                    unchecked {
                        uint256 diff = (a & mask) - (b & mask);
                        if (diff != 0) return int256(diff);
                    }
                }
                selfptr += 32;
                otherptr += 32;
            }
            return int256(self._len) - int256(other._len);
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns true if the two slices contain the same text.
         * @param self The first slice to compare.
         * @param self The second slice to compare.
         * @return True if the slices are equal, false otherwise.
         */
        function equals(slice memory self, slice memory other)
            internal
            pure
            returns (bool)
        {
            return compare(self, other) == 0;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Extracts the first rune in the slice into `rune`, advancing the
         *      slice to point to the next rune and returning `self`.
         * @param self The slice to operate on.
         * @param rune The slice that will contain the first rune.
         * @return `rune`.
         */
        function nextRune(slice memory self, slice memory rune)
            internal
            pure
            returns (slice memory)
        {
            rune._ptr = self._ptr;
            if (self._len == 0) {
                rune._len = 0;
                return rune;
            }
            uint256 l;
            uint256 b;
            // Load the first byte of the rune into the LSBs of b
            assembly {
                b := and(mload(sub(mload(add(self, 32)), 31)), 0xFF)
            }
            if (b < 0x80) {
                l = 1;
            } else if (b < 0xE0) {
                l = 2;
            } else if (b < 0xF0) {
                l = 3;
            } else {
                l = 4;
            }
            // Check for truncated codepoints
            if (l > self._len) {
                rune._len = self._len;
                self._ptr += self._len;
                self._len = 0;
                return rune;
            }
            self._ptr += l;
            self._len -= l;
            rune._len = l;
            return rune;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns the first rune in the slice, advancing the slice to point
         *      to the next rune.
         * @param self The slice to operate on.
         * @return A slice containing only the first rune from `self`.
         */
        function nextRune(slice memory self)
            internal
            pure
            returns (slice memory ret)
        {
            nextRune(self, ret);
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns the number of the first codepoint in the slice.
         * @param self The slice to operate on.
         * @return The number of the first codepoint in the slice.
         */
        function ord(slice memory self) internal pure returns (uint256 ret) {
            if (self._len == 0) {
                return 0;
            }
            uint256 word;
            uint256 length;
            uint256 divisor = 2**248;
            // Load the rune into the MSBs of b
            assembly {
                word := mload(mload(add(self, 32)))
            }
            uint256 b = word / divisor;
            if (b < 0x80) {
                ret = b;
                length = 1;
            } else if (b < 0xE0) {
                ret = b & 0x1F;
                length = 2;
            } else if (b < 0xF0) {
                ret = b & 0x0F;
                length = 3;
            } else {
                ret = b & 0x07;
                length = 4;
            }
            // Check for truncated codepoints
            if (length > self._len) {
                return 0;
            }
            for (uint256 i = 1; i < length; i++) {
                divisor = divisor / 256;
                b = (word / divisor) & 0xFF;
                if (b & 0xC0 != 0x80) {
                    // Invalid UTF-8 sequence
                    return 0;
                }
                ret = (ret * 64) | (b & 0x3F);
            }
            return ret;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns the keccak-256 hash of the slice.
         * @param self The slice to hash.
         * @return The hash of the slice.
         */
        function keccak(slice memory self) internal pure returns (bytes32 ret) {
            assembly {
                ret := keccak256(mload(add(self, 32)), mload(self))
            }
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns true if `self` starts with `needle`.
         * @param self The slice to operate on.
         * @param needle The slice to search for.
         * @return True if the slice starts with the provided text, false otherwise.
         */
        function startsWith(slice memory self, slice memory needle)
            internal
            pure
            returns (bool)
        {
            if (self._len < needle._len) {
                return false;
            }
            if (self._ptr == needle._ptr) {
                return true;
            }
            bool equal;
            assembly {
                let length := mload(needle)
                let selfptr := mload(add(self, 0x20))
                let needleptr := mload(add(needle, 0x20))
                equal := eq(
                    keccak256(selfptr, length),
                    keccak256(needleptr, length)
                )
            }
            return equal;
        }
        /*
         * @dev If `self` starts with `needle`, `needle` is removed from the
         *      beginning of `self`. Otherwise, `self` is unmodified.
         * @param self The slice to operate on.
         * @param needle The slice to search for.
         * @return `self`
         */
        function beyond(slice memory self, slice memory needle)
            internal
            pure
            returns (slice memory)
        {
            if (self._len < needle._len) {
                return self;
            }
            bool equal = true;
            if (self._ptr != needle._ptr) {
                assembly {
                    let length := mload(needle)
                    let selfptr := mload(add(self, 0x20))
                    let needleptr := mload(add(needle, 0x20))
                    equal := eq(
                        keccak256(selfptr, length),
                        keccak256(needleptr, length)
                    )
                }
            }
            if (equal) {
                self._len -= needle._len;
                self._ptr += needle._len;
            }
            return self;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns true if the slice ends with `needle`.
         * @param self The slice to operate on.
         * @param needle The slice to search for.
         * @return True if the slice starts with the provided text, false otherwise.
         */
        function endsWith(slice memory self, slice memory needle)
            internal
            pure
            returns (bool)
        {
            if (self._len < needle._len) {
                return false;
            }
            uint256 selfptr = self._ptr + self._len - needle._len;
            if (selfptr == needle._ptr) {
                return true;
            }
            bool equal;
            assembly {
                let length := mload(needle)
                let needleptr := mload(add(needle, 0x20))
                equal := eq(
                    keccak256(selfptr, length),
                    keccak256(needleptr, length)
                )
            }
            return equal;
        }
        /*
         * @dev If `self` ends with `needle`, `needle` is removed from the
         *      end of `self`. Otherwise, `self` is unmodified.
         * @param self The slice to operate on.
         * @param needle The slice to search for.
         * @return `self`
         */
        function until(slice memory self, slice memory needle)
            internal
            pure
            returns (slice memory)
        {
            if (self._len < needle._len) {
                return self;
            }
            uint256 selfptr = self._ptr + self._len - needle._len;
            bool equal = true;
            if (selfptr != needle._ptr) {
                assembly {
                    let length := mload(needle)
                    let needleptr := mload(add(needle, 0x20))
                    equal := eq(
                        keccak256(selfptr, length),
                        keccak256(needleptr, length)
                    )
                }
            }
            if (equal) {
                self._len -= needle._len;
            }
            return self;
        }
        // Returns the memory address of the first byte of the first occurrence of
        // `needle` in `self`, or the first byte after `self` if not found.
        function findPtr(
            uint256 selflen,
            uint256 selfptr,
            uint256 needlelen,
            uint256 needleptr
        ) private pure returns (uint256) {
            uint256 ptr = selfptr;
            uint256 idx;
            if (needlelen <= selflen) {
                if (needlelen <= 32) {
                    bytes32 mask;
                    if (needlelen > 0) {
                        mask = bytes32(~(2**(8 * (32 - needlelen)) - 1));
                    }
                    bytes32 needledata;
                    assembly {
                        needledata := and(mload(needleptr), mask)
                    }
                    uint256 end = selfptr + selflen - needlelen;
                    bytes32 ptrdata;
                    assembly {
                        ptrdata := and(mload(ptr), mask)
                    }
                    while (ptrdata != needledata) {
                        if (ptr >= end) return selfptr + selflen;
                        ptr++;
                        assembly {
                            ptrdata := and(mload(ptr), mask)
                        }
                    }
                    return ptr;
                } else {
                    // For long needles, use hashing
                    bytes32 hash;
                    assembly {
                        hash := keccak256(needleptr, needlelen)
                    }
                    for (idx = 0; idx <= selflen - needlelen; idx++) {
                        bytes32 testHash;
                        assembly {
                            testHash := keccak256(ptr, needlelen)
                        }
                        if (hash == testHash) return ptr;
                        ptr += 1;
                    }
                }
            }
            return selfptr + selflen;
        }
        // Returns the memory address of the first byte after the last occurrence of
        // `needle` in `self`, or the address of `self` if not found.
        function rfindPtr(
            uint256 selflen,
            uint256 selfptr,
            uint256 needlelen,
            uint256 needleptr
        ) private pure returns (uint256) {
            uint256 ptr;
            if (needlelen <= selflen) {
                if (needlelen <= 32) {
                    bytes32 mask;
                    if (needlelen > 0) {
                        mask = bytes32(~(2**(8 * (32 - needlelen)) - 1));
                    }
                    bytes32 needledata;
                    assembly {
                        needledata := and(mload(needleptr), mask)
                    }
                    ptr = selfptr + selflen - needlelen;
                    bytes32 ptrdata;
                    assembly {
                        ptrdata := and(mload(ptr), mask)
                    }
                    while (ptrdata != needledata) {
                        if (ptr <= selfptr) return selfptr;
                        ptr--;
                        assembly {
                            ptrdata := and(mload(ptr), mask)
                        }
                    }
                    return ptr + needlelen;
                } else {
                    // For long needles, use hashing
                    bytes32 hash;
                    assembly {
                        hash := keccak256(needleptr, needlelen)
                    }
                    ptr = selfptr + (selflen - needlelen);
                    while (ptr >= selfptr) {
                        bytes32 testHash;
                        assembly {
                            testHash := keccak256(ptr, needlelen)
                        }
                        if (hash == testHash) return ptr + needlelen;
                        ptr -= 1;
                    }
                }
            }
            return selfptr;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Modifies `self` to contain everything from the first occurrence of
         *      `needle` to the end of the slice. `self` is set to the empty slice
         *      if `needle` is not found.
         * @param self The slice to search and modify.
         * @param needle The text to search for.
         * @return `self`.
         */
        function find(slice memory self, slice memory needle)
            internal
            pure
            returns (slice memory)
        {
            uint256 ptr = findPtr(self._len, self._ptr, needle._len, needle._ptr);
            self._len -= ptr - self._ptr;
            self._ptr = ptr;
            return self;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Modifies `self` to contain the part of the string from the start of
         *      `self` to the end of the first occurrence of `needle`. If `needle`
         *      is not found, `self` is set to the empty slice.
         * @param self The slice to search and modify.
         * @param needle The text to search for.
         * @return `self`.
         */
        function rfind(slice memory self, slice memory needle)
            internal
            pure
            returns (slice memory)
        {
            uint256 ptr = rfindPtr(self._len, self._ptr, needle._len, needle._ptr);
            self._len = ptr - self._ptr;
            return self;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Splits the slice, setting `self` to everything after the first
         *      occurrence of `needle`, and `token` to everything before it. If
         *      `needle` does not occur in `self`, `self` is set to the empty slice,
         *      and `token` is set to the entirety of `self`.
         * @param self The slice to split.
         * @param needle The text to search for in `self`.
         * @param token An output parameter to which the first token is written.
         * @return `token`.
         */
        function split(
            slice memory self,
            slice memory needle,
            slice memory token
        ) internal pure returns (slice memory) {
            uint256 ptr = findPtr(self._len, self._ptr, needle._len, needle._ptr);
            token._ptr = self._ptr;
            token._len = ptr - self._ptr;
            if (ptr == self._ptr + self._len) {
                // Not found
                self._len = 0;
            } else {
                self._len -= token._len + needle._len;
                self._ptr = ptr + needle._len;
            }
            return token;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Splits the slice, setting `self` to everything after the first
         *      occurrence of `needle`, and returning everything before it. If
         *      `needle` does not occur in `self`, `self` is set to the empty slice,
         *      and the entirety of `self` is returned.
         * @param self The slice to split.
         * @param needle The text to search for in `self`.
         * @return The part of `self` up to the first occurrence of `delim`.
         */
        function split(slice memory self, slice memory needle)
            internal
            pure
            returns (slice memory token)
        {
            split(self, needle, token);
        }
        /*
         * @dev Splits the slice, setting `self` to everything before the last
         *      occurrence of `needle`, and `token` to everything after it. If
         *      `needle` does not occur in `self`, `self` is set to the empty slice,
         *      and `token` is set to the entirety of `self`.
         * @param self The slice to split.
         * @param needle The text to search for in `self`.
         * @param token An output parameter to which the first token is written.
         * @return `token`.
         */
        function rsplit(
            slice memory self,
            slice memory needle,
            slice memory token
        ) internal pure returns (slice memory) {
            uint256 ptr = rfindPtr(self._len, self._ptr, needle._len, needle._ptr);
            token._ptr = ptr;
            token._len = self._len - (ptr - self._ptr);
            if (ptr == self._ptr) {
                // Not found
                self._len = 0;
            } else {
                self._len -= token._len + needle._len;
            }
            return token;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Splits the slice, setting `self` to everything before the last
         *      occurrence of `needle`, and returning everything after it. If
         *      `needle` does not occur in `self`, `self` is set to the empty slice,
         *      and the entirety of `self` is returned.
         * @param self The slice to split.
         * @param needle The text to search for in `self`.
         * @return The part of `self` after the last occurrence of `delim`.
         */
        function rsplit(slice memory self, slice memory needle)
            internal
            pure
            returns (slice memory token)
        {
            rsplit(self, needle, token);
        }
        /*
         * @dev Counts the number of nonoverlapping occurrences of `needle` in `self`.
         * @param self The slice to search.
         * @param needle The text to search for in `self`.
         * @return The number of occurrences of `needle` found in `self`.
         */
        function count(slice memory self, slice memory needle)
            internal
            pure
            returns (uint256 cnt)
        {
            uint256 ptr = findPtr(self._len, self._ptr, needle._len, needle._ptr) +
                needle._len;
            while (ptr <= self._ptr + self._len) {
                cnt++;
                ptr =
                    findPtr(
                        self._len - (ptr - self._ptr),
                        ptr,
                        needle._len,
                        needle._ptr
                    ) +
                    needle._len;
            }
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns True if `self` contains `needle`.
         * @param self The slice to search.
         * @param needle The text to search for in `self`.
         * @return True if `needle` is found in `self`, false otherwise.
         */
        function contains(slice memory self, slice memory needle)
            internal
            pure
            returns (bool)
        {
            return
                rfindPtr(self._len, self._ptr, needle._len, needle._ptr) !=
                self._ptr;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Returns a newly allocated string containing the concatenation of
         *      `self` and `other`.
         * @param self The first slice to concatenate.
         * @param other The second slice to concatenate.
         * @return The concatenation of the two strings.
         */
        function concat(slice memory self, slice memory other)
            internal
            pure
            returns (string memory)
        {
            string memory ret = new string(self._len + other._len);
            uint256 retptr;
            assembly {
                retptr := add(ret, 32)
            }
            memcpy(retptr, self._ptr, self._len);
            memcpy(retptr + self._len, other._ptr, other._len);
            return ret;
        }
        /*
         * @dev Joins an array of slices, using `self` as a delimiter, returning a
         *      newly allocated string.
         * @param self The delimiter to use.
         * @param parts A list of slices to join.
         * @return A newly allocated string containing all the slices in `parts`,
         *         joined with `self`.
         */
        function join(slice memory self, slice[] memory parts)
            internal
            pure
            returns (string memory)
        {
            if (parts.length == 0) return "";
            uint256 length = self._len * (parts.length - 1);
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) length += parts[i]._len;
            string memory ret = new string(length);
            uint256 retptr;
            assembly {
                retptr := add(ret, 32)
            }
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
                memcpy(retptr, parts[i]._ptr, parts[i]._len);
                retptr += parts[i]._len;
                if (i < parts.length - 1) {
                    memcpy(retptr, self._ptr, self._len);
                    retptr += self._len;
                }
            }
            return ret;
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
     *
     * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
     * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
     * (reentrant) calls to them.
     *
     * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
     * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
     * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
     * points to them.
     *
     * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
     * to protect against it, check out our blog post
     * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
     */
    abstract contract ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable is Initializable {
        // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
        // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
        // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
        // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
        // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.
        // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
        // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
        // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
        // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
        // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
        uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
        uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;
        uint256 private _status;
        function __ReentrancyGuard_init() internal onlyInitializing {
            __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained();
        }
        function __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
            _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
         * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
         * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
         * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
         * `private` function that does the actual work.
         */
        modifier nonReentrant() {
            // On the first call to nonReentrant, _notEntered will be true
            require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");
            // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
            _status = _ENTERED;
            _;
            // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
            // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
            _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
        }
        /**
         * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
         * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
         * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
         */
        uint256[49] private __gap;
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
    import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
     * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
     * specific functions.
     *
     * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
     * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
     *
     * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
     * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
     * the owner.
     */
    abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
        address private _owner;
        event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
        /**
         * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
         */
        function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
            __Ownable_init_unchained();
        }
        function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
            _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
        }
        /**
         * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
         */
        modifier onlyOwner() {
            _checkOwner();
            _;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
         */
        function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
            return _owner;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
         */
        function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
            require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
         * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
         *
         * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
         * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
         */
        function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
            _transferOwnership(address(0));
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
         * Can only be called by the current owner.
         */
        function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
            require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
            _transferOwnership(newOwner);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
         * Internal function without access restriction.
         */
        function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
            address oldOwner = _owner;
            _owner = newOwner;
            emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
        }
        /**
         * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
         * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
         * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
         */
        uint256[49] private __gap;
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol";
    import "../ERC1967/ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable.sol";
    import "./Initializable.sol";
    /**
     * @dev An upgradeability mechanism designed for UUPS proxies. The functions included here can perform an upgrade of an
     * {ERC1967Proxy}, when this contract is set as the implementation behind such a proxy.
     *
     * A security mechanism ensures that an upgrade does not turn off upgradeability accidentally, although this risk is
     * reinstated if the upgrade retains upgradeability but removes the security mechanism, e.g. by replacing
     * `UUPSUpgradeable` with a custom implementation of upgrades.
     *
     * The {_authorizeUpgrade} function must be overridden to include access restriction to the upgrade mechanism.
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     */
    abstract contract UUPSUpgradeable is Initializable, IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable, ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable {
        function __UUPSUpgradeable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        }
        function __UUPSUpgradeable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        }
        /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable state-variable-assignment
        address private immutable __self = address(this);
        /**
         * @dev Check that the execution is being performed through a delegatecall call and that the execution context is
         * a proxy contract with an implementation (as defined in ERC1967) pointing to self. This should only be the case
         * for UUPS and transparent proxies that are using the current contract as their implementation. Execution of a
         * function through ERC1167 minimal proxies (clones) would not normally pass this test, but is not guaranteed to
         * fail.
         */
        modifier onlyProxy() {
            require(address(this) != __self, "Function must be called through delegatecall");
            require(_getImplementation() == __self, "Function must be called through active proxy");
            _;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Check that the execution is not being performed through a delegate call. This allows a function to be
         * callable on the implementing contract but not through proxies.
         */
        modifier notDelegated() {
            require(address(this) == __self, "UUPSUpgradeable: must not be called through delegatecall");
            _;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Implementation of the ERC1822 {proxiableUUID} function. This returns the storage slot used by the
         * implementation. It is used to validate that the this implementation remains valid after an upgrade.
         *
         * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
         * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
         * function revert if invoked through a proxy. This is guaranteed by the `notDelegated` modifier.
         */
        function proxiableUUID() external view virtual override notDelegated returns (bytes32) {
            return _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`.
         *
         * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
         *
         * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
         */
        function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external virtual onlyProxy {
            _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
            _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, new bytes(0), false);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`, and subsequently execute the function call
         * encoded in `data`.
         *
         * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
         *
         * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
         */
        function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) external payable virtual onlyProxy {
            _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
            _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, data, true);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Function that should revert when `msg.sender` is not authorized to upgrade the contract. Called by
         * {upgradeTo} and {upgradeToAndCall}.
         *
         * Normally, this function will use an xref:access.adoc[access control] modifier such as {Ownable-onlyOwner}.
         *
         * ```solidity
         * function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal override onlyOwner {}
         * ```
         */
        function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal virtual;
        /**
         * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
         * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
         * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
         */
        uint256[50] private __gap;
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
    import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
    /**
     * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
     * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
     * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
     * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
     *
     * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
     * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
     * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
     *
     * For example:
     *
     * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
     * ```
     * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
     *     function initialize() initializer public {
     *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
     *     }
     * }
     * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
     *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
     *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
     *     }
     * }
     * ```
     *
     * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
     * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
     *
     * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
     * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
     *
     * [CAUTION]
     * ====
     * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
     *
     * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
     * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
     * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
     *
     * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
     * ```
     * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
     * constructor() {
     *     _disableInitializers();
     * }
     * ```
     * ====
     */
    abstract contract Initializable {
        /**
         * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
         * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
         */
        uint8 private _initialized;
        /**
         * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
         */
        bool private _initializing;
        /**
         * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
         */
        event Initialized(uint8 version);
        /**
         * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
         * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts. Equivalent to `reinitializer(1)`.
         */
        modifier initializer() {
            bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
            require(
                (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
                "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
            );
            _initialized = 1;
            if (isTopLevelCall) {
                _initializing = true;
            }
            _;
            if (isTopLevelCall) {
                _initializing = false;
                emit Initialized(1);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
         * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
         * used to initialize parent contracts.
         *
         * `initializer` is equivalent to `reinitializer(1)`, so a reinitializer may be used after the original
         * initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that are added through upgrades and that require
         * initialization.
         *
         * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
         * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
         */
        modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
            require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
            _initialized = version;
            _initializing = true;
            _;
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(version);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
         * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
         */
        modifier onlyInitializing() {
            require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
            _;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
         * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
         * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
         * through proxies.
         */
        function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
            require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
            if (_initialized < type(uint8).max) {
                _initialized = type(uint8).max;
                emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../IERC721.sol";
    /**
     * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
     * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
     */
    interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
        /**
         * @dev Returns the token collection name.
         */
        function name() external view returns (string memory);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
         */
        function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
         */
        function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
     */
    interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
         */
        event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
         */
        event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
         */
        event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
         */
        function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `tokenId` must exist.
         */
        function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);
        /**
         * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
         * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
         * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function safeTransferFrom(
            address from,
            address to,
            uint256 tokenId,
            bytes calldata data
        ) external;
        /**
         * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
         * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
         * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
         * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function safeTransferFrom(
            address from,
            address to,
            uint256 tokenId
        ) external;
        /**
         * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
         *
         * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
         * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
         * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
         *
         * Emits a {Transfer} event.
         */
        function transferFrom(
            address from,
            address to,
            uint256 tokenId
        ) external;
        /**
         * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
         * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
         *
         * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
         * - `tokenId` must exist.
         *
         * Emits an {Approval} event.
         */
        function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
        /**
         * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
         * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
         *
         * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
         */
        function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;
        /**
         * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `tokenId` must exist.
         */
        function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);
        /**
         * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
         *
         * See {setApprovalForAll}
         */
        function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "./IERC165.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
     *
     * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
     * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
     *
     * ```solidity
     * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
     *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
     * }
     * ```
     *
     * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
     */
    abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
        /**
         * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
         */
        function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
            return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Strings.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev String operations.
     */
    library Strings {
        bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
        /**
         * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
         */
        function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
            // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
            // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol
            if (value == 0) {
                return "0";
            }
            uint256 temp = value;
            uint256 digits;
            while (temp != 0) {
                digits++;
                temp /= 10;
            }
            bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
            while (value != 0) {
                digits -= 1;
                buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
                value /= 10;
            }
            return string(buffer);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
         */
        function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
            if (value == 0) {
                return "0x00";
            }
            uint256 temp = value;
            uint256 length = 0;
            while (temp != 0) {
                length++;
                temp >>= 8;
            }
            return toHexString(value, length);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
         */
        function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
            bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
            buffer[0] = "0";
            buffer[1] = "x";
            for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
                buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
                value >>= 4;
            }
            require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
            return string(buffer);
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/Address.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
    /**
     * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
     */
    library Address {
        /**
         * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
         *
         * [IMPORTANT]
         * ====
         * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
         * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
         *
         * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
         * types of addresses:
         *
         *  - an externally-owned account
         *  - a contract in construction
         *  - an address where a contract will be created
         *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
         * ====
         *
         * [IMPORTANT]
         * ====
         * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
         *
         * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
         * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
         * constructor.
         * ====
         */
        function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
            // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
            // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
            // of the constructor execution.
            return account.code.length > 0;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
         * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
         *
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
         * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
         * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
         * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
         *
         * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
         *
         * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
         * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
         * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
         * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
         */
        function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
            require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
            (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
            require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
         * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
         * function instead.
         *
         * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
         * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
         *
         * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
         * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `target` must be a contract.
         * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
         * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
         * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 value
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
         * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 value,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
            require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
            return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a static call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.3._
         */
        function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a static call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.3._
         */
        function functionStaticCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
            require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
            return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a delegate call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a delegate call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function functionDelegateCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
            return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
         * revert reason using the provided one.
         *
         * _Available since v4.3._
         */
        function verifyCallResult(
            bool success,
            bytes memory returndata,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
            if (success) {
                return returndata;
            } else {
                // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                if (returndata.length > 0) {
                    // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                    assembly {
                        let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                        revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                    }
                } else {
                    revert(errorMessage);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
     *
     * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
     * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
     *
     * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
     */
    interface IERC165 {
        /**
         * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
         * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
         * to learn more about how these ids are created.
         *
         * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
         */
        function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
    import "../beacon/IBeaconUpgradeable.sol";
    import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol";
    import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
    import "../../utils/StorageSlotUpgradeable.sol";
    import "../utils/Initializable.sol";
    /**
     * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     *
     * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow delegatecall
     */
    abstract contract ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable is Initializable {
        function __ERC1967Upgrade_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        }
        function __ERC1967Upgrade_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        }
        // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
        bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;
        /**
         * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
         * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
         * validated in the constructor.
         */
        bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
         */
        event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
         */
        function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
            return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
         */
        function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
            require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
            StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
         *
         * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
         */
        function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
            emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
         *
         * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
         */
        function _upgradeToAndCall(
            address newImplementation,
            bytes memory data,
            bool forceCall
        ) internal {
            _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
            if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                _functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
         *
         * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
         */
        function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(
            address newImplementation,
            bytes memory data,
            bool forceCall
        ) internal {
            // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
            // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
            // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
            if (StorageSlotUpgradeable.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
                _setImplementation(newImplementation);
            } else {
                try IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                    require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
                } catch {
                    revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
                }
                _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
         * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
         * validated in the constructor.
         */
        bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
         */
        event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the current admin.
         */
        function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
            return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
         */
        function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
            require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
            StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
         *
         * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
         */
        function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
            emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
            _setAdmin(newAdmin);
        }
        /**
         * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
         * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
         */
        bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
        /**
         * @dev Emitted when the beacon is upgraded.
         */
        event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
        /**
         * @dev Returns the current beacon.
         */
        function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
            return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
         */
        function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
            require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
            require(
                AddressUpgradeable.isContract(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation()),
                "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
            );
            StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
         * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
         *
         * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
         */
        function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(
            address newBeacon,
            bytes memory data,
            bool forceCall
        ) internal {
            _setBeacon(newBeacon);
            emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
            if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                _functionDelegateCall(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a delegate call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.4._
         */
        function _functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) private returns (bytes memory) {
            require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
            // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
            return AddressUpgradeable.verifyCallResult(success, returndata, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
         * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
         * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
         */
        uint256[50] private __gap;
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
     * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
     */
    interface IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable {
        /**
         * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
         * address.
         *
         * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
         * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
         * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
         */
        function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/Address.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
    /**
     * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
     */
    library AddressUpgradeable {
        /**
         * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
         *
         * [IMPORTANT]
         * ====
         * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
         * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
         *
         * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
         * types of addresses:
         *
         *  - an externally-owned account
         *  - a contract in construction
         *  - an address where a contract will be created
         *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
         * ====
         *
         * [IMPORTANT]
         * ====
         * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
         *
         * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
         * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
         * constructor.
         * ====
         */
        function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
            // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
            // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
            // of the constructor execution.
            return account.code.length > 0;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
         * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
         *
         * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
         * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
         * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
         * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
         *
         * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
         *
         * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
         * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
         * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
         * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
         */
        function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
            require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
            (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
            require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
         * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
         * function instead.
         *
         * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
         * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
         *
         * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
         * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - `target` must be a contract.
         * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
         * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
         *
         * Requirements:
         *
         * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
         * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 value
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
         * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
         *
         * _Available since v3.1._
         */
        function functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 value,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
            require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
            return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a static call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.3._
         */
        function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
            return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
        }
        /**
         * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
         * but performing a static call.
         *
         * _Available since v3.3._
         */
        function functionStaticCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
            require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
            return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
        }
        /**
         * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
         * revert reason using the provided one.
         *
         * _Available since v4.3._
         */
        function verifyCallResult(
            bool success,
            bytes memory returndata,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
            if (success) {
                return returndata;
            } else {
                // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                if (returndata.length > 0) {
                    // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                        revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                    }
                } else {
                    revert(errorMessage);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
    /**
     * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
     * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
     * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
     * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
     * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
     * is concerned).
     *
     * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
     */
    abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
        function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        }
        function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        }
        function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
            return msg.sender;
        }
        function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
            return msg.data;
        }
        /**
         * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
         * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
         * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
         */
        uint256[50] private __gap;
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
     *
     * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
     * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
     *
     * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
     *
     * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
     * ```
     * contract ERC1967 {
     *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
     *
     *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
     *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
     *     }
     *
     *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
     *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
     *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
     *     }
     * }
     * ```
     *
     * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, and `uint256`._
     */
    library StorageSlotUpgradeable {
        struct AddressSlot {
            address value;
        }
        struct BooleanSlot {
            bool value;
        }
        struct Bytes32Slot {
            bytes32 value;
        }
        struct Uint256Slot {
            uint256 value;
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
         */
        function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r.slot := slot
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
         */
        function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r.slot := slot
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
         */
        function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r.slot := slot
            }
        }
        /**
         * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
         */
        function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r.slot := slot
            }
        }
    }
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    /**
     * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
     */
    interface IBeaconUpgradeable {
        /**
         * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
         *
         * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
         */
        function implementation() external view returns (address);
    }