Transaction Details
The contract call From 0x431e81E5...f32F96354 To 0xDef1C0de...027b25EfF produced 13 Internal Transactions
Type Trace Address | From | To | Value | Gas Limit | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
call_0_1 | 0x: Exchange Proxy | 0x: Exchange Proxy Flash Wallet | 190.01176 ETH | 2,300 | |
call_0_2_0_0 | 0x: Exchange Proxy Flash Wallet | Wrapped Ether | 190 ETH | 1,469,055 | |
call_0_3_0_3 | 0x: Exchange Proxy Flash Wallet | 0x: Exchange v3 | 0.00392 ETH | 1,385,344 | |
call_0_3_0_3_2 | 0x: Exchange v3 | 0x: Staking Proxy V3 | 0.00392 ETH | 1,248,810 | |
call_0_3_0_4 | 0x: Exchange Proxy Flash Wallet | 0x: Exchange v3 | 0.00392 ETH | 1,234,183 | |
call_0_3_0_4_2 | 0x: Exchange v3 | 0x: Staking Proxy V3 | 0.00392 ETH | 1,119,143 | |
call_0_3_0_5 | 0x: Exchange Proxy Flash Wallet | 0x: Exchange v3 | 0.00392 ETH | 1,106,178 | |
call_0_3_0_5_2 | 0x: Exchange v3 | 0x: Staking Proxy V3 | 0.00392 ETH | 993,138 | |
call_0_3_0_6_0_0 | Wrapped Ether | 0x: Exchange Proxy Flash Wallet | 134.917963985453256478 ETH | 2,300 | |
call_0_3_0_6_1 | 0x: Exchange Proxy Flash Wallet | Kyber: Proxy 2 | 134.917963985453256478 ETH | 947,123 | |
call_0_3_0_6_1_1 | Kyber: Proxy 2 | Kyber: Contract 2 | 134.917963985453256478 ETH | 918,280 | |
call_0_3_0_6_1_1_9 | Kyber: Contract 2 | Kyber: Reserve Eth2Dai 2 | 134.917963985453256478 ETH | 515,129 | |
call_0_3_0_6_1_1_9_10 | Kyber: Reserve Eth2Dai 2 | Wrapped Ether | 134.917963985453256478 ETH | 423,786 |
Transaction Receipt Event Logs
-
Address
- 0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2 (Wrapped Ether
Name
Deposit (index_topic_1 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xe1fffcc4923d04b559f4d29a8bfc6cda04eb5b0d3c460751c2402c5c5cc9109c
- 1: dst 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
Data
- wad :190000000000000000000
-
Address
- 0x61935cbdd02287b511119ddb11aeb42f1593b7ef (0x: Exchange v3
Name
Fill (index_topic_1 address makerAddress, index_topic_2 address feeRecipientAddress, bytes makerAssetData, bytes takerAssetData, bytes makerFeeAssetData, bytes takerFeeAssetData, index_topic_3 bytes32 orderHash, address takerAddress, address senderAddress, uint256 makerAssetFilledAmount, uint256 takerAssetFilledAmount, uint256 makerFeePaid, uint256 takerFeePaid, uint256 protocolFeePaid)View Source
Topics
- 0 0x6869791f0a34781b29882982cc39e882768cf2c96995c2a110c577c53bc932d5
- 1: makerAddress 0x6c2d992b7739DFB363a473Cc4F28998b7f1f6dE2
- 2: feeRecipientAddress 0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000011
- 3: orderHash 12AFD7DE3B435E0EF0B0C60110DE24B2E15FF73E1252E2D4A2A6BDB6C6BFE173
Data
- makerAssetData :F47261B00000000000000000000000006B175474E89094C44DA98B954EEDEAC495271D0F
- takerAssetData :F47261B0000000000000000000000000C02AAA39B223FE8D0A0E5C4F27EAD9083C756CC2
- makerFeeAssetData :
- takerFeeAssetData :
- takerAddress :0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
- senderAddress :0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
- makerAssetFilledAmount :4002572144272684351488
- takerAssetFilledAmount :10355227890114646016
- makerFeePaid :0
- takerFeePaid :0
- protocolFeePaid :3920000000000000
-
Address
- 0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2 (Wrapped Ether
Name
Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
- 1: src 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
- 2: dst 0x6c2d992b7739DFB363a473Cc4F28998b7f1f6dE2
Data
- wad :10355227890114646016
-
Address
- 0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f (Sky: Dai Stablecoin
Name
Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
- 1: src 0x6c2d992b7739DFB363a473Cc4F28998b7f1f6dE2
- 2: dst 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
Data
- wad :4002572144272684351488
-
Address
- 0x61935cbdd02287b511119ddb11aeb42f1593b7ef (0x: Exchange v3
Name
Fill (index_topic_1 address makerAddress, index_topic_2 address feeRecipientAddress, bytes makerAssetData, bytes takerAssetData, bytes makerFeeAssetData, bytes takerFeeAssetData, index_topic_3 bytes32 orderHash, address takerAddress, address senderAddress, uint256 makerAssetFilledAmount, uint256 takerAssetFilledAmount, uint256 makerFeePaid, uint256 takerFeePaid, uint256 protocolFeePaid)View Source
Topics
- 0 0x6869791f0a34781b29882982cc39e882768cf2c96995c2a110c577c53bc932d5
- 1: makerAddress 0xbb005034c486C5D6E2c88D321e9f30546bCF6DeA
- 2: feeRecipientAddress 0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000011
- 3: orderHash 88F701C37BB79B9FF75D8FEA112783993FB941603BCD447F329F28D724CC20AB
Data
- makerAssetData :F47261B00000000000000000000000006B175474E89094C44DA98B954EEDEAC495271D0F
- takerAssetData :F47261B0000000000000000000000000C02AAA39B223FE8D0A0E5C4F27EAD9083C756CC2
- makerFeeAssetData :
- takerFeeAssetData :
- takerAddress :0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
- senderAddress :0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
- makerAssetFilledAmount :9962000000000000000000
- takerAssetFilledAmount :25799508811315289892
- makerFeePaid :0
- takerFeePaid :0
- protocolFeePaid :3920000000000000
-
Address
- 0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2 (Wrapped Ether
Name
Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
- 1: src 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
- 2: dst 0xbb005034c486C5D6E2c88D321e9f30546bCF6DeA
Data
- wad :25799508811315289892
-
Address
- 0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f (Sky: Dai Stablecoin
Name
Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
- 1: src 0xbb005034c486C5D6E2c88D321e9f30546bCF6DeA
- 2: dst 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
Data
- wad :9962000000000000000000
-
Address
- 0x61935cbdd02287b511119ddb11aeb42f1593b7ef (0x: Exchange v3
Name
Fill (index_topic_1 address makerAddress, index_topic_2 address feeRecipientAddress, bytes makerAssetData, bytes takerAssetData, bytes makerFeeAssetData, bytes takerFeeAssetData, index_topic_3 bytes32 orderHash, address takerAddress, address senderAddress, uint256 makerAssetFilledAmount, uint256 takerAssetFilledAmount, uint256 makerFeePaid, uint256 takerFeePaid, uint256 protocolFeePaid)View Source
Topics
- 0 0x6869791f0a34781b29882982cc39e882768cf2c96995c2a110c577c53bc932d5
- 1: makerAddress 0x6425Bb021DaBD5D6b443a1AB47B003A1B7a27d4B
- 2: feeRecipientAddress 0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000011
- 3: orderHash 5D7D1BDA6BFE8B470A9E42707B8E59B2DDCB47036E0C89735738F3C6E17D991C
Data
- makerAssetData :F47261B00000000000000000000000006B175474E89094C44DA98B954EEDEAC495271D0F
- takerAssetData :F47261B0000000000000000000000000C02AAA39B223FE8D0A0E5C4F27EAD9083C756CC2
- makerFeeAssetData :
- takerFeeAssetData :
- takerAddress :0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
- senderAddress :0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
- makerAssetFilledAmount :1491675752194082400000
- takerAssetFilledAmount :3861584980000000000
- makerFeePaid :0
- takerFeePaid :0
- protocolFeePaid :3920000000000000
-
Address
- 0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2 (Wrapped Ether
Name
Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
- 1: src 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
- 2: dst 0x6425Bb021DaBD5D6b443a1AB47B003A1B7a27d4B
Data
- wad :3861584980000000000
-
Address
- 0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f (Sky: Dai Stablecoin
Name
Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
- 1: src 0x6425Bb021DaBD5D6b443a1AB47B003A1B7a27d4B
- 2: dst 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
Data
- wad :1491675752194082400000
-
Address
- 0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2 (Wrapped Ether
Name
Withdrawal (index_topic_1 address src, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0x7fcf532c15f0a6db0bd6d0e038bea71d30d808c7d98cb3bf7268a95bf5081b65
- 1: src 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
Data
- wad :134917963985453256478
-
Address
- 0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2 (Wrapped Ether
Name
Deposit (index_topic_1 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xe1fffcc4923d04b559f4d29a8bfc6cda04eb5b0d3c460751c2402c5c5cc9109c
- 1: dst 0x1E158c0e93c30d24e918Ef83d1e0bE23595C3c0f
Data
- wad :134917963985453256478
-
Address
- 0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2 (Wrapped Ether
Name
Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
- 1: src 0x1E158c0e93c30d24e918Ef83d1e0bE23595C3c0f
- 2: dst 0xa57Bd00134B2850B2a1c55860c9e9ea100fDd6CF
Data
- wad :134917963985453256477
-
Address
- 0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f (Sky: Dai Stablecoin
Name
Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
- 1: src 0x794e6e91555438aFc3ccF1c5076A74F42133d08D
- 2: dst 0x1E158c0e93c30d24e918Ef83d1e0bE23595C3c0f
Data
- wad :51856325534610300504130
-
Address
- 0x794e6e91555438afc3ccf1c5076a74f42133d08d (OasisDEX
Name
LogItemUpdate (uint256 id)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xa2c251311b1a7a475913900a2a73dc9789a21b04bc737e050bbc506dd4eb3488
Data
- id :420894
-
Address
- 0x794e6e91555438afc3ccf1c5076a74f42133d08d (OasisDEX
Name
LogTake (bytes32 id, index_topic_1 bytes32 pair, index_topic_2 address maker, address pay_gem, address buy_gem, index_topic_3 address taker, uint128 take_amt, uint128 give_amt, uint64 timestamp)View Source
Topics
- 0 0x3383e3357c77fd2e3a4b30deea81179bc70a795d053d14d5b7f2f01d0fd4596f
- 1: pair 7BDA8B27E891F9687BD6D3312AB3F4F458E2CC91916429D721D617DF7AC29FB8
- 2: maker 0xa57Bd00134B2850B2a1c55860c9e9ea100fDd6CF
- 3: taker 0x1E158c0e93c30d24e918Ef83d1e0bE23595C3c0f
Data
- id :0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000066C1E
- pay_gem :0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F
- buy_gem :0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2
- take_amt :51856325534610300504130
- give_amt :134917963985453256477
- timestamp :1598229619
-
Address
- 0x794e6e91555438afc3ccf1c5076a74f42133d08d (OasisDEX
Name
LogTrade (uint256 pay_amt, index_topic_1 address pay_gem, uint256 buy_amt, index_topic_2 address buy_gem)View Source
Topics
- 0 0x819e390338feffe95e2de57172d6faf337853dfd15c7a09a32d76f7fd2443875
- 1: pay_gem 0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F
- 2: buy_gem 0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2
Data
- pay_amt :51856325534610300504130
- buy_amt :134917963985453256477
-
Address
- 0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f (Sky: Dai Stablecoin
Name
Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
- 1: src 0x1E158c0e93c30d24e918Ef83d1e0bE23595C3c0f
- 2: dst 0x7C66550C9c730B6fdd4C03bc2e73c5462c5F7ACC
Data
- wad :51856325534610300503865
-
Address
- 0x1e158c0e93c30d24e918ef83d1e0be23595c3c0f (Kyber: Reserve Eth2Dai 2
Name
TradeExecute (index_topic_1 address origin, address src, uint256 srcAmount, address destToken, uint256 destAmount, address destAddress)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xea9415385bae08fe9f6dc457b02577166790cde83bb18cc340aac6cb81b824de
- 1: origin 0x7C66550C9c730B6fdd4C03bc2e73c5462c5F7ACC
Data
- src :0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE
- srcAmount :134917963985453256478
- destToken :0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F
- destAmount :51856325534610300503865
- destAddress :0x7C66550C9c730B6fdd4C03bc2e73c5462c5F7ACC
-
Address
- 0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f (Sky: Dai Stablecoin
Name
Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
- 1: src 0x7C66550C9c730B6fdd4C03bc2e73c5462c5F7ACC
- 2: dst 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
Data
- wad :51856325534610300503865
-
Address
- 0x7c66550c9c730b6fdd4c03bc2e73c5462c5f7acc (Kyber: Contract 2
Name
KyberTrade (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dest, uint256 ethWeiValue, uint256 networkFeeWei, uint256 customPlatformFeeWei, bytes32[] t2eIds, bytes32[] e2tIds, uint256[] t2eSrcAmounts, uint256[] e2tSrcAmounts, uint256[] t2eRates, uint256[] e2tRates)View Source
Topics
- 0 0x30bbea603a7b36858fe5e3ec6ba5ff59dde039d02120d758eacfaed01520577d
- 1: src 0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE
- 2: dest 0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F
Data
- ethWeiValue :134917963985453256478
- networkFeeWei :0
- customPlatformFeeWei :0
- t2eIds :
- e2tIds :BB4F617369730000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
- t2eSrcAmounts :
- e2tSrcAmounts :134917963985453256478
- t2eRates :
- e2tRates :384354492187574122622
-
Address
- 0x9aab3f75489902f3a48495025729a0af77d4b11e (Kyber: Proxy 2
Name
ExecuteTrade (index_topic_1 address trader, address src, address dest, address destAddress, uint256 actualSrcAmount, uint256 actualDestAmount, address platformWallet, uint256 platformFeeBps)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xf724b4df6617473612b53d7f88ecc6ea983074b30960a049fcd0657ffe808083
- 1: trader 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
Data
- src :0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE
- dest :0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F
- destAddress :0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
- actualSrcAmount :134917963985453256478
- actualDestAmount :51856325534610300503865
- platformWallet :0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
- platformFeeBps :0
-
Address
- 0x22f9dcf4647084d6c31b2765f6910cd85c178c18 (0x: Exchange Proxy Flash Wallet
Name
ERC20BridgeTransfer (address fromToken, address toToken, uint256 fromTokenAmount, uint256 toTokenAmount, address from, address to)View Source
Topics
- 0 0x349fc08071558d8e3aa92dec9396e4e9f2dfecd6bb9065759d1932e7da43b8a9
Data
- fromToken :0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2
- toToken :0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F
- fromTokenAmount :134917963985453256478
- toTokenAmount :51856325534610300503865
- from :0x1c29670F7a77f1052d30813A0a4f632C78A02610
- to :0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
-
Address
- 0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2 (Wrapped Ether
Name
Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
- 1: src 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
- 2: dst 0xA478c2975Ab1Ea89e8196811F51A7B7Ade33eB11
Data
- wad :15065714333116807614
-
Address
- 0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f (Sky: Dai Stablecoin
Name
Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
- 1: src 0xA478c2975Ab1Ea89e8196811F51A7B7Ade33eB11
- 2: dst 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
Data
- wad :5808611169357397835508
-
Address
- 0xa478c2975ab1ea89e8196811f51a7b7ade33eb11 (Uniswap V2: DAI
Name
Sync (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1)View Source
Topics
- 0 0x1c411e9a96e071241c2f21f7726b17ae89e3cab4c78be50e062b03a9fffbbad1
Data
- reserve0 :6501218550752899156454791
- reserve1 :16826599857545108103770
-
Address
- 0xa478c2975ab1ea89e8196811f51a7b7ade33eb11 (Uniswap V2: DAI
Name
Swap (index_topic_1 address sender, uint256 amount0In, uint256 amount1In, uint256 amount0Out, uint256 amount1Out, index_topic_2 address to)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xd78ad95fa46c994b6551d0da85fc275fe613ce37657fb8d5e3d130840159d822
- 1: sender 0x7a250d5630B4cF539739dF2C5dAcb4c659F2488D
- 2: to 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
Data
- amount0In :0
- amount1In :15065714333116807614
- amount0Out :5808611169357397835508
- amount1Out :0
-
Address
- 0x22f9dcf4647084d6c31b2765f6910cd85c178c18 (0x: Exchange Proxy Flash Wallet
Name
ERC20BridgeTransfer (address fromToken, address toToken, uint256 fromTokenAmount, uint256 toTokenAmount, address from, address to)View Source
Topics
- 0 0x349fc08071558d8e3aa92dec9396e4e9f2dfecd6bb9065759d1932e7da43b8a9
Data
- fromToken :0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2
- toToken :0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F
- fromTokenAmount :15065714333116807614
- toTokenAmount :5808611169357397835508
- from :0xDcD6011f4C6B80e470D9487f5871a0Cba7C93f48
- to :0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
-
Address
- 0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f (Sky: Dai Stablecoin
Name
Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source
Topics
- 0 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
- 1: src 0x22F9dCF4647084d6C31b2765F6910cd85C178C18
- 2: dst 0x431e81E5dfB5A24541b5Ff8762bDEF3f32F96354
Data
- wad :73121184600434465090861
-
Address
- 0xdef1c0ded9bec7f1a1670819833240f027b25eff (0x: Exchange Proxy
Name
TransformedERC20 (index_topic_1 address taker, address inputToken, address outputToken, uint256 inputTokenAmount, uint256 outputTokenAmount)View Source
Topics
- 0 0x0f6672f78a59ba8e5e5b5d38df3ebc67f3c792e2c9259b8d97d7f00dd78ba1b3
- 1: taker 0x431e81E5dfB5A24541b5Ff8762bDEF3f32F96354
Data
- inputToken :0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE
- outputToken :0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F
- inputTokenAmount :190000000000000000000
- outputTokenAmount :73121184600434465090861
A transaction is a cryptographically signed instruction that changes the blockchain state. Block explorers track the details of all transactions in the network. Learn more about transactions in our Knowledge Base.