ETH Price: $2,518.27 (+0.84%)

Transaction Details

Transaction Action
Aggregated Swap of 3 Tokens
on 3 Platforms
Executed Swap18.56($46,740.58)ETHfor200.01($54,600.46)AAVEonCoW Protocol
Executed Swap903,543.29($48,029.13)JOEfor7.764018($19,551.87)ETHonCoW Protocol
Swap887,804.98($47,192.54)JOEfor7.630356($19,215.27)ETHonUniswap V2
Swap15,466.93($822.17)JOEfor0.132468355($333.59)ETHonUniswap V3
Transaction Hash:
0xf6c126636249616e060cd86536b0c36f12c39cabe6dddaa2f4ecff60b5142e84
Status:
Success
Block:
216365501219241 Block Confirmations
Timestamp:
170 days ago (Jan-16-2025 10:48:47 AM UTC)

Sponsored:

Interacted With (To):
0x9008D19f58AAbD9eD0D60971565AA8510560ab41 (CoW Protocol: GPv2Settlement)

Internal Transactions:

ERC-20 Tokens Transferred: 11

Value:
0 ETH ($0.00)
Transaction Fee:
0.00256458036397038 ETH $6.46
Gas Price:
3.928464759 Gwei (0.000000003928464759 ETH)
Ether Price:
$3,307.52 / ETH
Gas Limit & Usage by Txn:
1,357,600 | 652,820 (48.09%)
Gas Fees:
Base: 3.590687204 Gwei |Max: 14.088932153 Gwei |Max Priority: 0.337777555 Gwei
Burnt & Txn Savings Fees:
🔥 Burnt: 0.00234407242051528 ETH ($5.90)💸 Txn Savings: 0.00663295632415108 ETH ($16.70)

Other Attributes:
Txn Type: 2 (EIP-1559) Nonce: 9791 Position In Block: 24
Input Data:

Private Note:
To access the Private Note feature, you must be Logged In

The contract call From 0x00806DaA...B195760fC To 0x9008D19f...10560ab41 produced 2 Internal Transactions

ADVANCED MODE:
  Type Trace Address Method From   To Value Gas Limit
call_0_1_1Transfer7.764017740313608447 ETH2,300
call_0_1Transfer7.764017740313608447 ETH2,300
AA Txn Hash Method Position From Internal Txns Token Txns NFT Txns Txn Fee (ETH) Gas Limit
Transaction Receipt Event Logs
133
Address
0x9008d19f58aabd9ed0d60971565aa8510560ab41 (CoW Protocol: GPv2Settlement)
Name

Trade (index_topic_1 address owner, address sellToken, address buyToken, uint256 sellAmount, uint256 buyAmount, uint256 feeAmount, bytes orderUid)View Source

Topics
Data
  • sellToken :0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2
  • buyToken :0x7Fc66500c84A76Ad7e9c93437bFc5Ac33E2DDaE9
  • sellAmount :18560618611631124807
  • buyAmount :200009000000000000000
  • feeAmount :0
  • orderUid :D4BF0E82E210DE1DB21A685ACE8A6C6283062D3F0C8A9E2F8251925B511DF3D8F9D7ADFB5BC41283D67DB9D71ADD65162E242F626788EAA9

134
Address
0x9008d19f58aabd9ed0d60971565aa8510560ab41 (CoW Protocol: GPv2Settlement)
Name

Trade (index_topic_1 address owner, address sellToken, address buyToken, uint256 sellAmount, uint256 buyAmount, uint256 feeAmount, bytes orderUid)View Source

Topics
Data
  • sellToken :0x76e222b07C53D28b89b0bAc18602810Fc22B49A8
  • buyToken :0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE
  • sellAmount :903543289021088362452881
  • buyAmount :7764017740313608447
  • feeAmount :0
  • orderUid :E8A491CFB0A334225498F178873DF16FC45BA570BE59DD6A10D8EE42180B67DFF24EA6ADB290E4A3F5D0C5DA53D328E78DFF27896788EAF1

135
Address
0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2 (Wrapped Ether)
Name

Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source

Topics
Data
  • wad :18560618611631124807

136
Address
0x76e222b07c53d28b89b0bac18602810fc22b49a8 (Joe Coin: JOE Token)
Name

Transfer (index_topic_1 address from, index_topic_2 address to, uint256 value)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :903543289021088362452881

137
Address
0x76e222b07c53d28b89b0bac18602810fc22b49a8 (Joe Coin: JOE Token)
Name

Approval (index_topic_1 address owner, index_topic_2 address spender, uint256 value)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640562985585676866262338106363

138
Address
0x76e222b07c53d28b89b0bac18602810fc22b49a8 (Joe Coin: JOE Token)
Name

Transfer (index_topic_1 address from, index_topic_2 address to, uint256 value)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :887804977413277981034316

139
Address
0x76e222b07c53d28b89b0bac18602810fc22b49a8 (Joe Coin: JOE Token)
Name

Approval (index_topic_1 address owner, index_topic_2 address spender, uint256 value)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640563138652606594635148645128

140
Address
0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2 (Wrapped Ether)
Name

Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source

Topics
Data
  • wad :7630356314858681931

141
Address
0x704ad8d95c12d7fea531738faa94402725acb035 (Uniswap V2: JOE 25)
Name

Sync (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1)View Source

Topics
  • 0 0x1c411e9a96e071241c2f21f7726b17ae89e3cab4c78be50e062b03a9fffbbad1
Data
  • reserve0 :48998424041383744631762123
  • reserve1 :414737237010482971086

142
Address
0x704ad8d95c12d7fea531738faa94402725acb035 (Uniswap V2: JOE 25)
Name

Swap (index_topic_1 address sender, uint256 amount0In, uint256 amount1In, uint256 amount0Out, uint256 amount1Out, index_topic_2 address to)View Source

Topics
Data
  • amount0In :887804977413277981034316
  • amount1In :0
  • amount0Out :0
  • amount1Out :7630356314858681931

143
Address
0x9008d19f58aabd9ed0d60971565aa8510560ab41 (CoW Protocol: GPv2Settlement)
Name

Interaction (index_topic_1 address target, uint256 value, bytes4 selector)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :0
  • selector :38ED1739

144
Address
0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2 (Wrapped Ether)
Name

Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source

Topics
Data
  • wad :132468354902762937

145
Address
0x76e222b07c53d28b89b0bac18602810fc22b49a8 (Joe Coin: JOE Token)
Name

Transfer (index_topic_1 address from, index_topic_2 address to, uint256 value)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :15466931666399149053917

146
Address
0x76e222b07c53d28b89b0bac18602810fc22b49a8 (Joe Coin: JOE Token)
Name

Approval (index_topic_1 address owner, index_topic_2 address spender, uint256 value)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640560970035712642221246565836

147
Address
0xceb63a909d95c9222cdf5b08044f5dae72cd036e (Uniswap V3: JOE)
Name

Swap (index_topic_1 address sender, index_topic_2 address recipient, int256 amount0, int256 amount1, uint160 sqrtPriceX96, uint128 liquidity, int24 tick)View Source

Topics
Data
  • amount0 :15466931666399149053917
  • amount1 :-132468354902762937
  • sqrtPriceX96 :231330601328288698511582256
  • liquidity :3072591648538258779835
  • tick :-116731

148
Address
0x9008d19f58aabd9ed0d60971565aa8510560ab41 (CoW Protocol: GPv2Settlement)
Name

Interaction (index_topic_1 address target, uint256 value, bytes4 selector)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :0
  • selector :414BF389

149
Address
0x93d199263632a4ef4bb438f1feb99e57b4b5f0bd (Balancer v2: wstETH-WETH-BPT Pool)
Name

SwapFeePercentageChanged (uint256 swapFeePercentage)View Source

Topics
  • 0 0xa9ba3ffe0b6c366b81232caab38605a0699ad5398d6cce76f91ee809e322dafc
Data
  • swapFeePercentage :20000000000000

150
Address
0x9008d19f58aabd9ed0d60971565aa8510560ab41 (CoW Protocol: GPv2Settlement)
Name

Interaction (index_topic_1 address target, uint256 value, bytes4 selector)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :0
  • selector :38E9922E

151
Address
0xba12222222228d8ba445958a75a0704d566bf2c8 (Balancer: Vault)
Name

Swap (index_topic_1 bytes32 poolId, index_topic_2 address tokenIn, index_topic_3 address tokenOut, uint256 amountIn, uint256 amountOut)View Source

Topics
Data
  • amountIn :18558745562532738660
  • amountOut :15595994962269071077

152
Address
0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2 (Wrapped Ether)
Name

Transfer (index_topic_1 address src, index_topic_2 address dst, uint256 wad)View Source

Topics
Data
  • wad :18558745562532738660

153
Address
0x7f39c581f595b53c5cb19bd0b3f8da6c935e2ca0 (Lido: wstETH Token)
Name

Transfer (index_topic_1 address from, index_topic_2 address to, uint256 value)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :15595994962269071077

154
Address
0x9008d19f58aabd9ed0d60971565aa8510560ab41 (CoW Protocol: GPv2Settlement)
Name

Interaction (index_topic_1 address target, uint256 value, bytes4 selector)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :0
  • selector :52BBBE29

155
Address
0x93d199263632a4ef4bb438f1feb99e57b4b5f0bd (Balancer v2: wstETH-WETH-BPT Pool)
Name

SwapFeePercentageChanged (uint256 swapFeePercentage)View Source

Topics
  • 0 0xa9ba3ffe0b6c366b81232caab38605a0699ad5398d6cce76f91ee809e322dafc
Data
  • swapFeePercentage :100000000000000

156
Address
0x9008d19f58aabd9ed0d60971565aa8510560ab41 (CoW Protocol: GPv2Settlement)
Name

Interaction (index_topic_1 address target, uint256 value, bytes4 selector)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :0
  • selector :38E9922E

157
Address
0x3de27efa2f1aa663ae5d458857e731c129069f29 (Balancer v2: 20wstETH-80AAVE Pool)
Name

SwapFeePercentageChanged (uint256 swapFeePercentage)View Source

Topics
  • 0 0xa9ba3ffe0b6c366b81232caab38605a0699ad5398d6cce76f91ee809e322dafc
Data
  • swapFeePercentage :1000000000000000

158
Address
0x9008d19f58aabd9ed0d60971565aa8510560ab41 (CoW Protocol: GPv2Settlement)
Name

Interaction (index_topic_1 address target, uint256 value, bytes4 selector)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :0
  • selector :38E9922E

159
Address
0xba12222222228d8ba445958a75a0704d566bf2c8 (Balancer: Vault)
Name

Swap (index_topic_1 bytes32 poolId, index_topic_2 address tokenIn, index_topic_3 address tokenOut, uint256 amountIn, uint256 amountOut)View Source

Topics
Data
  • amountIn :15597213920452233934
  • amountOut :200008999938368184587

160
Address
0x7f39c581f595b53c5cb19bd0b3f8da6c935e2ca0 (Lido: wstETH Token)
Name

Transfer (index_topic_1 address from, index_topic_2 address to, uint256 value)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :15597213920452233934

161
Address
0x7f39c581f595b53c5cb19bd0b3f8da6c935e2ca0 (Lido: wstETH Token)
Name

Approval (index_topic_1 address owner, index_topic_2 address spender, uint256 value)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564031414781895755345335322

162
Address
0x7fc66500c84a76ad7e9c93437bfc5ac33e2ddae9 (Aave: AAVE Token)
Name

Transfer (index_topic_1 address from, index_topic_2 address to, uint256 value)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :200008999938368184587

163
Address
0x9008d19f58aabd9ed0d60971565aa8510560ab41 (CoW Protocol: GPv2Settlement)
Name

Interaction (index_topic_1 address target, uint256 value, bytes4 selector)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :0
  • selector :52BBBE29

164
Address
0x3de27efa2f1aa663ae5d458857e731c129069f29 (Balancer v2: 20wstETH-80AAVE Pool)
Name

SwapFeePercentageChanged (uint256 swapFeePercentage)View Source

Topics
  • 0 0xa9ba3ffe0b6c366b81232caab38605a0699ad5398d6cce76f91ee809e322dafc
Data
  • swapFeePercentage :5000000000000000

165
Address
0x9008d19f58aabd9ed0d60971565aa8510560ab41 (CoW Protocol: GPv2Settlement)
Name

Interaction (index_topic_1 address target, uint256 value, bytes4 selector)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :0
  • selector :38E9922E

166
Address
0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2 (Wrapped Ether)
Name

Withdrawal (index_topic_1 address src, uint256 wad)View Source

Topics
Data
  • wad :7764017740313608447

167
Address
0x9008d19f58aabd9ed0d60971565aa8510560ab41 (CoW Protocol: GPv2Settlement)
Name

Interaction (index_topic_1 address target, uint256 value, bytes4 selector)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :0
  • selector :2E1A7D4D

168
Address
0x7fc66500c84a76ad7e9c93437bfc5ac33e2ddae9 (Aave: AAVE Token)
Name

Transfer (index_topic_1 address from, index_topic_2 address to, uint256 value)View Source

Topics
Data
  • value :200009000000000000000

169
Address
0x9008d19f58aabd9ed0d60971565aa8510560ab41 (CoW Protocol: GPv2Settlement)
Name

Settlement (index_topic_1 address solver)View Source

Topics
Data
    0x
Access List
[
  {
    "address": "0x2c4c28ddbdac9c5e7055b4c863b72ea0149d8afe",
    "storageKeys": [
      "0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc",
      "0x97b1af316dcacf90a3ec3fed778de1155ab6cfb9c9285e99caa9742e51837418"
    ]
  },
  {
    "address": "0x3de27efa2f1aa663ae5d458857e731c129069f29",
    "storageKeys": [
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008"
    ]
  },
  {
    "address": "0x5d4aa78b08bc7c530e21bf7447988b1be7991322",
    "storageKeys": []
  },
  {
    "address": "0x6048a8c631fb7e77eca533cf9c29784e482391e7",
    "storageKeys": []
  },
  {
    "address": "0x704ad8d95c12d7fea531738faa94402725acb035",
    "storageKeys": [
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006",
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007",
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008",
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009",
      "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a",
      "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c"
    ]
  },
  {
    "address": "0x76e222b07c53d28b89b0bac18602810fc22b49a8",
    "storageKeys": [
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005",
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008",
      "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b",
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010",
      "0x02b8d8834ad9af8d7307f3bbdbd773ede52b32eeb265e110116185bce8222791",
      "0x0588d0c3a76602a35b103254e95b5b0d99294eb2f4ddee93696edcaa2e07f1ad",
      "0x126c948dac7ca7a867f9618de09cdf840d44de5ecf9161cac428996e41c31a00",
      "0x13af40d313a3a429da8a7bdb6c8ef097be3f7263e8090c21e9f15e0d7950dcd1",
      "0x1ad063c55e398da48155086292117e05a02fb56b290743a56ecec884ed0fb1ae",
      "0x20652731ce8e0d3f92eb4917629e3b743beddb9eff037e238241297f1d70ea81",
      "0x4a8360dcbf2fb9aa7ab86da1ac9b80c2b3519c759a2bef3e5f16c0fa8d6a9b52",
      "0x618059526d7d1bb5608c8e3a0740d1f656fa8a764ecca600a8e0e3e0c313ce66",
      "0x712e67c4491d3846e3e8426a8065ef45ffa66b60e6877b735dc7e1d9e99b7856",
      "0x74f9d00500fb1261e61e3c136c257677d859581ecd1b55fc11e3aa389b0e6bcf",
      "0x94782ab9193fd4364325bd95fb7172b73575e03decb6f414433b98bd41c91d9c",
      "0x9d286a01ac6a34c92c62c541cca403bc372e431bbf5d3b0caafb691e56072f45",
      "0xaf4eec9eb88fe95ffb4bedfecc9633e797bfac30540e52fbd40db109e6ab80b6",
      "0xb2dba1e15029a52dba6d47f47b2a58a43fefef2cc33c1a2f10b19c57c621c4e7",
      "0xb37e3b15c67c6df2060bf6c5a2d2fe1fd316a721ebdd788688d5daf59e68e083",
      "0xb5e32bf50149885d3d646d8982464d72de4ae399d83828a675f837354bf33510"
    ]
  },
  {
    "address": "0x7a250d5630b4cf539739df2c5dacb4c659f2488d",
    "storageKeys": []
  },
  {
    "address": "0x7f39c581f595b53c5cb19bd0b3f8da6c935e2ca0",
    "storageKeys": [
      "0x15bb318ace3874593e924db0b331186e1ac96545334def7194398d80a4190c1c",
      "0x35319886236d14fde3fb5d2d478c99523591cec1329d23f2a1dd0025f7b62718",
      "0x618059526d7d1bb5608c8e3a0740d1f656fa8a764ecca600a8e0e3e0c313ce66"
    ]
  },
  {
    "address": "0x7fc66500c84a76ad7e9c93437bfc5ac33e2ddae9",
    "storageKeys": [
      "0x01b3d8d35eb55fc8e19de4ad00c2b0fae9f33d37e76229c5ccd0b268ff5a47ed",
      "0x35319886236d14fde3fb5d2d478c99523591cec1329d23f2a1dd0025f7b62718",
      "0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc",
      "0x618059526d7d1bb5608c8e3a0740d1f656fa8a764ecca600a8e0e3e0c313ce66",
      "0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103"
    ]
  },
  {
    "address": "0x9008d19f58aabd9ed0d60971565aa8510560ab41",
    "storageKeys": [
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
      "0x59dc25592b5c0bd80244d089fed21242d3bc59bb104816389b715083462f7862",
      "0xbf347cde5749eca1dc6c11145b212bb121185dc824479ff5ef87afa1ce088ba7"
    ]
  },
  {
    "address": "0x93d199263632a4ef4bb438f1feb99e57b4b5f0bd",
    "storageKeys": [
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008",
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009",
      "0x13da86008ba1c6922daee3e07db95305ef49ebced9f5467a0b8613fcc6b343e3",
      "0xbff4442b8ed600beeb8e26b1279a0f0d14c6edfaec26d968ee13c86f7d4c2ba8"
    ]
  },
  {
    "address": "0x9e7ae8bdba9aa346739792d219a808884996db67",
    "storageKeys": []
  },
  {
    "address": "0xa331d84ec860bf466b4cdccfb4ac09a1b43f3ae6",
    "storageKeys": [
      "0x8f208d6f904710b0dd9a48117d970e4a41832e406406b7cab02d31f4f92dcc1d",
      "0xdf51137274c15a4f4d502fad8bc517271298cb3a19298199d7f9fa10262281ac"
    ]
  },
  {
    "address": "0xba12222222228d8ba445958a75a0704d566bf2c8",
    "storageKeys": [
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003",
      "0x09e2dfc7eccd6a99bc8093c797ba562848258562ea905173bcf5a8e3e339c7db",
      "0x403040d339aeb12c4915b90764cee36871af59c60a581994ea50249ff77bd2b0",
      "0x43f6aa0cddef7ef5e613fa5a2609fdc84dcdcc7deb972c7b99a7def94b47469a",
      "0x68937bc243fb8cd085e8097a3892e1d1ea282143f39fc35e8cd0c3f7550b8a2a",
      "0x7003af15ff94fe22c7a30839beab07c82fb8d84a690ab9b527755ecbaecea716",
      "0x880fd49b8fcc88cf13d27747a6e53a2b2ee927afb596868d7ad88347c3b292cf",
      "0x880fd49b8fcc88cf13d27747a6e53a2b2ee927afb596868d7ad88347c3b292d0",
      "0xd1bbbef87c30657f1b23c7cfba29be06cd81931277a1045f161c3571e0bf6327"
    ]
  },
  {
    "address": "0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2",
    "storageKeys": [
      "0x1b77bfda947a757702e0e16b22135942a90fb4f91cbc4804855450b0031f3d2e",
      "0x309c3e5d79e3030e33db36a8e44163c080a78a78977e19b62f7ba2645b9847fe",
      "0x3a0f132b80eb284c2ac247698d2ec7dce851ca420b700161ad6082d0e9762150",
      "0x982ca71c9451ef8d5fb7f276d47712108d1a597a6e2bdc37c96525dc7aa2007e",
      "0x9d98752c354deebddd53535455198eacf8cfb934237d3523207f70386be5e3dc",
      "0xa93723c2354ce74f98204327e84ad01b63f766a10dd0b3cf83a462c2049ab8ae",
      "0xee882cb0e61efbe2f7edd0fe7a9feef75c17c350fbb5f6e38a0a447346552280"
    ]
  },
  {
    "address": "0xc92e8bdf79f0507f65a392b0ab4667716bfe0110",
    "storageKeys": []
  },
  {
    "address": "0xceb63a909d95c9222cdf5b08044f5dae72cd036e",
    "storageKeys": [
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002",
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004",
      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008",
      "0x3cabba3456afa18c25e53db8298917002795c96843a3d81aded09d17cdae41e8",
      "0x3cabba3456afa18c25e53db8298917002795c96843a3d81aded09d17cdae41e9",
      "0x3cabba3456afa18c25e53db8298917002795c96843a3d81aded09d17cdae41ea",
      "0x3cabba3456afa18c25e53db8298917002795c96843a3d81aded09d17cdae41eb",
      "0xc0d1c00078410fd0164580b0bad93d8a579580d06cf45fc2696a823498097b8a"
    ]
  },
  {
    "address": "0xe592427a0aece92de3edee1f18e0157c05861564",
    "storageKeys": []
  },
  {
    "address": "0xf24ea6adb290e4a3f5d0c5da53d328e78dff2789",
    "storageKeys": []
  }
]
Authority Delegated Address Nonce Validity yParity r s
Loading...
Loading
Loading...
Loading
Loading...
Loading

A transaction is a cryptographically signed instruction that changes the blockchain state. Block explorers track the details of all transactions in the network. Learn more about transactions in our Knowledge Base.