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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.23;

/*
.____                             ________
|    |   _____  ___.__. __________\_____  \
|    |   \__  \<   |  |/ __ \_  __ \_(__  <
|    |___ / __ \\___  \  ___/|  | \/       \
|_______ (____  / ____|\___  >__| /______  /
        \/    \/\/         \/            \/

https://layer3.xyz

Made with ♥ by Wonderland (https://defi.sucks)

*/

import {IDistributor} from 'interfaces/IDistributor.sol';
import {IStaking} from 'interfaces/IStaking.sol';
import {Ownable, Ownable2Step} from 'openzeppelin/access/Ownable2Step.sol';

import {IERC20, SafeERC20} from 'openzeppelin/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol';
import {ECDSA} from 'openzeppelin/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol';
import {MerkleProof} from 'openzeppelin/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol';
import {MessageHashUtils} from 'openzeppelin/utils/cryptography/MessageHashUtils.sol';

contract Distributor is IDistributor, Ownable2Step {
  using ECDSA for bytes32;
  using MessageHashUtils for bytes32;
  using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

  /// @inheritdoc IDistributor
  bytes32 public immutable MERKLE_ROOT;

  /// @inheritdoc IDistributor
  IERC20 public immutable TOKEN;

  /// @inheritdoc IDistributor
  IStaking public immutable STAKING;

  /// @inheritdoc IDistributor
  address public signer;

  /// @inheritdoc IDistributor
  mapping(address => bool) public hasClaimed;

  // solhint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
  constructor(bytes32 _merkleRoot, address _signer, IERC20 _token, address _staking, address _owner) Ownable(_owner) {
    MERKLE_ROOT = _merkleRoot;
    TOKEN = _token;
    STAKING = IStaking(_staking);
    _updateSigner(_signer);
  }

  /// @inheritdoc IDistributor
  function claim(uint256 amount, bytes32[] calldata merkleProof, bytes calldata signature) external {
    _claim(amount, merkleProof, signature);

    // Transfer the tokens to the user
    TOKEN.safeTransfer(msg.sender, amount);

    emit Claimed(msg.sender, amount);
  }

  /// @inheritdoc IDistributor
  function claimAndStake(
    uint256 amount,
    bytes32[] calldata merkleProof,
    bytes calldata signature,
    uint32 lockupPeriod
  ) external {
    _claim(amount, merkleProof, signature);

    // Stake the tokens
    STAKING.stake(amount, lockupPeriod, msg.sender);

    // Transfer the tokens
    TOKEN.safeTransfer(address(STAKING), amount);

    emit ClaimedAndStaked(msg.sender, amount, lockupPeriod, block.timestamp);
  }

  /// @inheritdoc IDistributor
  function emergencyWithdraw(uint256 amount) external onlyOwner {
    if (amount == 0) revert ZeroAmount();

    // Withdraw either the requested amount or the remaining balance
    uint256 _remainingBalance = TOKEN.balanceOf(address(this));
    uint256 _withdrawalAmount = amount > _remainingBalance ? _remainingBalance : amount;

    address _owner = owner();

    TOKEN.safeTransfer(_owner, _withdrawalAmount);

    emit EmergencyWithdrawn(_owner, _withdrawalAmount);
  }

  /// @inheritdoc IDistributor
  function updateSigner(address newSigner) external onlyOwner {
    _updateSigner(newSigner);
  }

  /// @inheritdoc IDistributor
  function collectDust(IERC20 token, uint256 amount) external onlyOwner {
    if (token == TOKEN || address(token) == address(0)) revert InvalidToken();
    if (amount == 0) revert ZeroAmount();

    address _owner = owner();

    token.safeTransfer(_owner, amount);

    emit DustCollected(_owner, token, amount);
  }

  /**
   * @notice Verifies the signature and merkle proof, and marks that the user has claimed
   * @param amount The amount to claim
   * @param merkleProof The merkle proof
   * @param signature The claim signature provided by the UI
   */
  function _claim(uint256 amount, bytes32[] calldata merkleProof, bytes calldata signature) internal virtual {
    if (hasClaimed[msg.sender]) revert AlreadyClaimed();

    // Verify the signature
    bytes32 _messageHash = keccak256(bytes.concat(keccak256(abi.encode(msg.sender, amount))));
    bytes32 _ethSignedMessageHash = _messageHash.toEthSignedMessageHash();
    address _recoveredSigner = _ethSignedMessageHash.recover(signature);
    if (_recoveredSigner != signer) revert InvalidSigner();

    // Verify the merkle proof
    if (!MerkleProof.verify(merkleProof, MERKLE_ROOT, _messageHash)) revert InvalidProof();

    // Mark as claimed
    hasClaimed[msg.sender] = true;
  }

  /**
   * @notice Updates the signer address
   * @param newSigner The new signer address
   */
  function _updateSigner(address newSigner) internal {
    if (newSigner == address(0)) revert InvalidNewSigner();

    address _oldSigner = signer;
    signer = newSigner;

    emit SignerUpdated(_oldSigner, newSigner);
  }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.23;

import {IStaking} from 'interfaces/IStaking.sol';
import {IERC20} from 'openzeppelin/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol';

/**
 * @title Distributor Contract
 * @author Wonderland (https://defi.sucks)
 * @notice Distributes tokens to users based on a merkle root and a signature
 */
interface IDistributor {
  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            EVENTS
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when a user claims their tokens
   * @param _account The account that claimed the tokens
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens claimed
   */
  event Claimed(address indexed _account, uint256 _amount);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when a user claims and stakes their tokens
   * @param _account The account that claimed and staked the tokens
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens claimed and staked
   * @param _lockupPeriod The lockup period for the deposit
   * @param _timestamp The timestamp at which the tokens were claimed and staked
   */
  event ClaimedAndStaked(address indexed _account, uint256 _amount, uint256 _lockupPeriod, uint256 _timestamp);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the owner withdraws tokens from the contract
   * @param _owner The owner that withdrew the tokens
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens withdrawn
   */
  event EmergencyWithdrawn(address indexed _owner, uint256 _amount);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the signer is updated by the owner
   * @param _oldSigner The old signer address
   * @param _newSigner The new signer address
   */
  event SignerUpdated(address indexed _oldSigner, address indexed _newSigner);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the owner collects dust tokens from the contract
   * @param _owner The owner that collected the dust tokens
   * @param _token The token address
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens collected
   */
  event DustCollected(address indexed _owner, IERC20 indexed _token, uint256 _amount);

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            ERRORS
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the input amount is zero
   */
  error ZeroAmount();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the user has already claimed their tokens
   */
  error AlreadyClaimed();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the recovered signer is different from the expected signer
   */
  error InvalidSigner();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the merkle verification fails
   */
  error InvalidProof();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the new signer address is invalid
   */
  error InvalidNewSigner();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the input token is invalid
   */
  error InvalidToken();

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            LOGIC
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

  /**
   * @notice Verifies eligibility and transfers the tokens to the caller
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens to claim
   * @param _merkleProof The merkle proof of the claim
   * @param _signature The signature provided by the UI
   */
  function claim(uint256 _amount, bytes32[] calldata _merkleProof, bytes calldata _signature) external;

  /**
   * @notice Verifies eligibility and stakes the claimed tokens in the contract
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens to claim
   * @param _merkleProof The merkle proof for the claim
   * @param _signature The signature for verification of the claim data
   * @param _lockupPeriod The period of time to lock the tokens for
   */
  function claimAndStake(
    uint256 _amount,
    bytes32[] calldata _merkleProof,
    bytes calldata _signature,
    uint32 _lockupPeriod
  ) external;

  /**
   * @notice Sends any remaining tokens to the owner
   * @dev Only callable by the owner
   * @dev If the specified amount exceeds the available balance, the entire balance is withdrawn
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens to withdraw
   */
  function emergencyWithdraw(uint256 _amount) external;

  /**
   * @notice Updates the signer address
   * @dev Only callable by the owner
   * @param _newSigner The new signer address
   */
  function updateSigner(address _newSigner) external;

  /**
   * @notice Collects dust tokens from the contract
   * @dev Only the owner can call this function
   * @param _token The token to collect
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens to collect
   */
  function collectDust(IERC20 _token, uint256 _amount) external;

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            VARIABLES
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

  /**
   * @notice The root of the merkle tree
   * @return _merkleRoot The root of the merkle tree
   */
  // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
  function MERKLE_ROOT() external view returns (bytes32 _merkleRoot);

  /**
   * @notice The token being distributed
   * @return _token The address of the token
   */
  // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
  function TOKEN() external view returns (IERC20 _token);

  /**
   * @notice The address of the staking contract
   * @return _staking The staking contract
   */
  // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
  function STAKING() external view returns (IStaking _staking);

  /**
   * @notice The address of the signer
   * @return _signer The address of the signer
   */
  function signer() external view returns (address _signer);

  /**
   * @notice Returns whether the user has claimed their tokens
   * @param _user The address of the user
   * @return _claimed Whether the user has claimed their tokens
   */
  function hasClaimed(address _user) external view returns (bool _claimed);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.23;

import {IDistributor} from './IDistributor.sol';
import {IERC20} from 'openzeppelin/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol';

interface IStaking {
  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            STRUCTS
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

  /**
   * @notice Deposit struct
   * @param amount The amount of tokens deposited
   * @param unlockAt The timestamp when the tokens can be unlocked
   * @param lockupPeriod The period the tokens are locked for to get the bonus
   * @param index The index of the deposit
   * @param withdrawAt The timestamp when the tokens can be withdrawn (after withdrawal period is over)
   */
  struct Deposit {
    uint128 amount;
    uint40 unlockAt;
    uint32 lockupPeriod;
    uint16 index;
    uint40 withdrawAt;
  }

  /**
   * @notice Staker struct
   * @param weight The combined weight of the staker's deposits
   * @param depositCount The number of deposits the staker has
   * @param rewardPerShareSnapshot The amount of rewards per share as seen at the last update
   * @param pendingRewards The amount of rewards available to be claimed by the staker
   */
  struct Staker {
    uint128 weight;
    uint128 depositCount;
    uint128 rewardPerShareSnapshot;
    uint128 pendingRewards;
  }

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                EVENTS
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the user stakes tokens
   * @param _user The user that staked the tokens
   * @param _index The index of the deposit
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens staked
   * @param _lockupPeriod The lockup period
   * @param _unlockAt The timestamp when the tokens can be withdrawn
   */
  event Staked(
    address indexed _user, uint256 indexed _index, uint256 _amount, uint256 _lockupPeriod, uint256 _unlockAt
  );

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the user adds tokens to an existing stake
   * @param _user The user that staked the tokens
   * @param _index The index of the deposit
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens added
   */
  event StakeIncreased(address indexed _user, uint256 indexed _index, uint256 _amount);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the user claims pending rewards and creates a new deposit
   * @param _user The user that staked the rewards
   * @param _index The index of the created stake
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens staked
   * @param _lockupPeriod The lockup period
   */
  event ClaimRewardAndStake(address indexed _user, uint256 indexed _index, uint256 _amount, uint256 _lockupPeriod);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the user claims pending rewards and adds the tokens to an existing stake
   * @param _user The user that staked the tokens
   * @param _index The index of the deposit
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens added
   */
  event ClaimRewardAndIncreaseStake(address indexed _user, uint256 indexed _index, uint256 _amount);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the user initiates a withdrawal
   * @param _user The user that initiated the withdrawal
   * @param _index The index of the deposit
   * @param _withdrawAt The end of the withdrawal period
   */
  event WithdrawalInitiated(address indexed _user, uint256 indexed _index, uint256 _withdrawAt);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the user cancels the withdrawal
   * @param _user The user that cancelled the withdrawal
   * @param _index The index of the deposit
   */
  event WithdrawalCancelled(address indexed _user, uint256 indexed _index);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the user withdraws tokens
   * @param _user The user that withdrew the tokens
   * @param _index The index of the deposit
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens withdrawn
   */
  event Withdrawn(address indexed _user, uint256 indexed _index, uint256 _amount);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the user claims their rewards
   * @param _user The user that claimed the rewards
   * @param _amount The amount of rewards claimed
   */
  event RewardPaid(address indexed _user, uint256 _amount);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the reward amount is added
   * @param _reward The new reward amount
   */
  event RewardAdded(uint256 _reward);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the rewards duration is updated
   * @param _oldRewardsDuration The previous rewards duration
   * @param _rewardsDuration The new rewards duration
   */
  event RewardsDurationUpdated(uint256 _oldRewardsDuration, uint256 _rewardsDuration);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the dust tokens are collected
   * @param _owner The owner that collected the dust tokens
   * @param _token The token address
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens collected
   */
  event DustCollected(address indexed _owner, IERC20 _token, uint256 _amount);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the staked deposits and the rewards are retracted by the owner
   * @param _owner The owner that withdrew the tokens
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens retracted
   */
  event EmergencyWithdrawn(address indexed _owner, uint256 _amount);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the withdrawal period is updated
   * @param _oldWithdrawalPeriod The previous withdrawal period
   * @param _withdrawalPeriod The new withdrawal period
   */
  event WithdrawalPeriodUpdated(uint256 _oldWithdrawalPeriod, uint256 _withdrawalPeriod);

  /**
   * @notice Emitted when the distributor address is updated
   * @param _oldDistributor The previous distributor
   * @param _distributor The new distributor
   */
  event DistributorUpdated(IDistributor _oldDistributor, IDistributor _distributor);

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                ERRORS
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the provided amount is zero
   */
  error ZeroAmount();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the deposit with the given index does not exist
   */
  error InvalidDepositIndex();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if trying to withdraw a locked deposit
   */
  error DepositLocked();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the lockup period is invalid
   */
  error InvalidLockupPeriod();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the staking contract has insufficient balance to pay the rewards at the given rate
   */
  error InsufficientBalance();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the period is not finished
   */
  error PeriodNotFinished();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the token is invalid
   */
  error InvalidToken();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the caller is not the distributor
   */
  error OnlyDistributor();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the caller is trying to add tokens to a locked deposit
   */
  error CannotIncreaseLockedStake();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the withdrawal is not initiated while trying to withdraw
   */
  error WithdrawalNotInitiated();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the caller is trying to initiate a withdrawal of a deposit that's already in the withdrawal process
   */
  error WithdrawalAlreadyInitiated();

  /**
   * @notice Throws if the withdrawal period is not over while trying to withdraw
   */
  error DepositNotWithdrawable();

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            VARIABLES
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

  /**
   * @notice The address of the token contract
   * @return _token The token contract
   */
  function token() external view returns (IERC20 _token);

  /**
   * @notice The address of the distributor contract
   * @return _distributor The distributor contract
   */
  function distributor() external view returns (IDistributor _distributor);

  /**
   * @notice The time period in seconds over which rewards are distributed
   * @return _rewardsDuration The rewards duration
   */
  function rewardsDuration() external view returns (uint256 _rewardsDuration);

  /**
   * @notice Returns the timestamp of the last block at which the rewards will be distributed
   * @return _periodFinish The end of the rewards period
   */
  function periodFinish() external view returns (uint256 _periodFinish);

  /**
   * @notice The amount of rewards given to the stakers every second
   * @return _rewardPerSecond The amount of reward per second
   */
  function rewardPerSecond() external view returns (uint256 _rewardPerSecond);

  /**
   * @notice The time the reward per second was updated
   * @return _lastUpdateTime The last time the reward per second was updated
   */
  function lastUpdateTime() external view returns (uint256 _lastUpdateTime);

  /**
   * @notice The total weight of the deposits in the contract
   * @return _totalWeights The total weight of the deposits
   */
  function totalWeights() external view returns (uint256 _totalWeights);

  /**
   * @notice The total amount of tokens staked in the contract
   * @return _totalDeposits The amount of tokens staked in the contract
   */
  function totalDeposits() external view returns (uint256 _totalDeposits);

  /**
   * @notice The amount of tokens intended to be distributed as rewards
   * @return _totalRewards The total reward amount
   */
  function totalRewards() external view returns (uint256 _totalRewards);

  /**
   * @notice The reward generated per staker's share of the pool
   * @return _rewardPerShare The reward per share
   */
  function rewardPerShare() external view returns (uint256 _rewardPerShare);

  /**
   * @notice The time period in seconds after which the staker can withdraw their tokens
   * @dev This is only needed for non-lockup deposits
   * @return _withdrawalPeriod The withdrawal period
   */
  function withdrawalPeriod() external view returns (uint256 _withdrawalPeriod);

  /**
   * @notice Provides information about a given staker
   * @param _user The staker's address
   * @return _weight The total weight of the staker's deposits
   * @return _depositCount The number of deposits the staker has
   * @return _rewardPerShareSnapshot The amount of rewards per share as seen at the last update
   * @return _pendingRewards The amount of rewards pending to be claimed by the staker
   */
  function stakers(address _user)
    external
    view
    returns (uint128 _weight, uint128 _depositCount, uint128 _rewardPerShareSnapshot, uint128 _pendingRewards);

  /**
   * @notice Returns a user's deposit with the given index
   * @param _user The address of the user
   * @param _depositIndex The index of the deposit
   * @return _amount The amount of tokens deposited
   * @return _unlockAt The timestamp when the tokens can be withdrawn
   * @return _lockupPeriod The period the tokens are locked to get the bonus
   * @return _index The index of the deposit
   */
  function deposits(
    address _user,
    uint256 _depositIndex
  ) external view returns (uint128 _amount, uint40 _unlockAt, uint32 _lockupPeriod, uint16 _index, uint40 _withdrawAt);

  /*///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        EXTERNAL FUNCTIONS
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

  /**
   * @notice The list of deposits of the user
   * @param _user The address of the user
   * @param _startFrom The index to start from
   * @param _batchSize The size of the batch
   * @return _list The list of deposits
   */
  function listDeposits(
    address _user,
    uint256 _startFrom,
    uint256 _batchSize
  ) external view returns (Deposit[] memory _list);

  /**
   * @notice Calculates APY based on the given amount and the lockup period
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens to stake
   * @param _lockupPeriod The lockup period
   * @return _apy The APY the staker would get
   */
  function calculateAPY(uint256 _amount, uint256 _lockupPeriod) external view returns (uint256 _apy);

  /**
   * @notice Returns the APY of an existing deposit
   * @param _user The staker address
   * @param _index The index of the deposit
   * @return _apy The APY the deposit is generating
   */
  function calculateAPY(address _user, uint256 _index) external view returns (uint256 _apy);

  /**
   * @notice The amount of pending rewards the staker has
   * @param _user The address of the user
   * @return _pendingRewards The amount of the rewards ready to be claimed
   */
  function pendingRewards(address _user) external view returns (uint256 _pendingRewards);

  /**
   * @notice The stake function
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens
   * @param _lockupPeriod The lockup period, must be either 0 or one of the allowed lockup periods
   */
  function stake(uint256 _amount, uint256 _lockupPeriod) external;

  /**
   * @notice The stake function for the distributor, allowing to stake on behalf of another address
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens
   * @param _lockupPeriod The lockup period, must be either 0 or one of the allowed lockup periods
   * @param _user The address of the user to stake for
   */
  function stake(uint256 _amount, uint256 _lockupPeriod, address _user) external;

  /**
   * @notice Add the provided amount of tokens to an existing stake
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens to add
   * @param _index The index of the deposit to increase
   */
  function increaseStake(uint256 _index, uint256 _amount) external;

  /**
   * @notice Claims pending rewards and adds them to an existing stake
   * @param _index The index of the deposit to increase
   */
  function getRewardAndIncreaseStake(uint256 _index) external;

  /**
   * @notice Initiates a withdrawal of the deposit
   * @dev The tokens will be locked for the withdrawal period
   * @dev Only needed for non-lockup deposits
   * @param _index The index of the deposit to withdraw
   */
  function initiateWithdrawal(uint256 _index) external;

  /**
   * @notice Cancels the withdrawal of the deposit
   * @param _index The index of the deposit to cancel the withdrawal
   */
  function cancelWithdrawal(uint256 _index) external;

  /**
   * @notice The withdraw function
   * @param _index The index of the deposit to withdraw
   */
  function withdraw(uint256 _index) external;

  /**
   * @notice Transfers pending rewards to the caller
   */
  function getReward() external;

  /**
   * @notice Claims the pending rewards and creates an unlocked deposit from them
   * @param _lockupPeriod The lockup period, must be either 0 or one of the allowed lockup periods
   */
  function getRewardAndStake(uint256 _lockupPeriod) external;

  /**
   * @notice Updates the total amount of rewards for the stakers
   * @param _reward The new reward amount
   */
  function setRewardAmount(uint256 _reward) external;

  /**
   * @notice Updates the rewards duration
   * @param _rewardsDuration The new rewards duration
   */
  function setRewardsDuration(uint256 _rewardsDuration) external;

  /**
   * @notice Updates the distributor address
   * @param _distributor The new distributor
   */
  function setDistributorAddress(IDistributor _distributor) external;

  /**
   * @notice Sends any dust tokens to the owner
   * @param _token The token address
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens to withdraw
   */
  function collectDust(IERC20 _token, uint256 _amount) external;

  /**
   * @notice An emergency function which sends the specified number of tokens to the owner
   * @param _amount The amount of tokens to withdraw
   */
  function emergencyWithdraw(uint256 _amount) external;

  /**
   * @notice Updates the withdrawal period
   * @param _withdrawalPeriod The new withdrawal period
   */
  function setWithdrawalPeriod(uint256 _withdrawalPeriod) external;

  /**
   * @notice Pauses the staking and withdrawals
   */
  function pause() external;

  /**
   * @notice Unpauses the staking and withdrawals
   */
  function unpause() external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable2Step.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Ownable} from "./Ownable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * The initial owner is specified at deployment time in the constructor for `Ownable`. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership} and {acceptOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available all functions
 * from parent (Ownable).
 */
abstract contract Ownable2Step is Ownable {
    address private _pendingOwner;

    event OwnershipTransferStarted(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the pending owner.
     */
    function pendingOwner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _pendingOwner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Starts the ownership transfer of the contract to a new account. Replaces the pending transfer if there is one.
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual override onlyOwner {
        _pendingOwner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferStarted(owner(), newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`) and deletes any pending owner.
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual override {
        delete _pendingOwner;
        super._transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The new owner accepts the ownership transfer.
     */
    function acceptOwnership() public virtual {
        address sender = _msgSender();
        if (pendingOwner() != sender) {
            revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(sender);
        }
        _transferOwnership(sender);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";
import {IERC20Permit} from "../extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
import {Address} from "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    /**
     * @dev An operation with an ERC20 token failed.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedOperation(address token);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failed `decreaseAllowance` request.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 currentAllowance, uint256 requestedDecrease);

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transfer, (to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transferFrom, (from, to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        forceApprove(token, spender, oldAllowance + value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `requestedDecrease`. If `token` returns no
     * value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 requestedDecrease) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 currentAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            if (currentAllowance < requestedDecrease) {
                revert SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, requestedDecrease);
            }
            forceApprove(token, spender, currentAllowance - requestedDecrease);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
     * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, value));

        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, 0)));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data);
        if (returndata.length != 0 && !abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
        // and not revert is the subcall reverts.

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
        return success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && address(token).code.length > 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS
    }

    /**
     * @dev The signature derives the `address(0)`.
     */
    error ECDSAInvalidSignature();

    /**
     * @dev The signature has an invalid length.
     */
    error ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength(uint256 length);

    /**
     * @dev The signature has an S value that is in the upper half order.
     */
    error ECDSAInvalidSignatureS(bytes32 s);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with `signature` or an error. This will not
     * return address(0) without also returning an error description. Errors are documented using an enum (error type)
     * and a bytes32 providing additional information about the error.
     *
     * If no error is returned, then the address can be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM precompile allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {MessageHashUtils-toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength, bytes32(signature.length));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM precompile allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {MessageHashUtils-toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error, errorArg);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
        unchecked {
            bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
            // We do not check for an overflow here since the shift operation results in 0 or 1.
            uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error, errorArg);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS, s);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature, bytes32(0));
        }

        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError, bytes32(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error, errorArg);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Optionally reverts with the corresponding custom error according to the `error` argument provided.
     */
    function _throwError(RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert ECDSAInvalidSignature();
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength(uint256(errorArg));
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert ECDSAInvalidSignatureS(errorArg);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev These functions deal with verification of Merkle Tree proofs.
 *
 * The tree and the proofs can be generated using our
 * https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/merkle-tree[JavaScript library].
 * You will find a quickstart guide in the readme.
 *
 * WARNING: You should avoid using leaf values that are 64 bytes long prior to
 * hashing, or use a hash function other than keccak256 for hashing leaves.
 * This is because the concatenation of a sorted pair of internal nodes in
 * the Merkle tree could be reinterpreted as a leaf value.
 * OpenZeppelin's JavaScript library generates Merkle trees that are safe
 * against this attack out of the box.
 */
library MerkleProof {
    /**
     *@dev The multiproof provided is not valid.
     */
    error MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if a `leaf` can be proved to be a part of a Merkle tree
     * defined by `root`. For this, a `proof` must be provided, containing
     * sibling hashes on the branch from the leaf to the root of the tree. Each
     * pair of leaves and each pair of pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     */
    function verify(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processProof(proof, leaf) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {verify}
     */
    function verifyCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processProofCalldata(proof, leaf) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the rebuilt hash obtained by traversing a Merkle tree up
     * from `leaf` using `proof`. A `proof` is valid if and only if the rebuilt
     * hash matches the root of the tree. When processing the proof, the pairs
     * of leafs & pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     */
    function processProof(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
        }
        return computedHash;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {processProof}
     */
    function processProofCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
        }
        return computedHash;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the `leaves` can be simultaneously proven to be a part of a Merkle tree defined by
     * `root`, according to `proof` and `proofFlags` as described in {processMultiProof}.
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all Merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
     */
    function multiProofVerify(
        bytes32[] memory proof,
        bool[] memory proofFlags,
        bytes32 root,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processMultiProof(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {multiProofVerify}
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all Merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
     */
    function multiProofVerifyCalldata(
        bytes32[] calldata proof,
        bool[] calldata proofFlags,
        bytes32 root,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processMultiProofCalldata(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the root of a tree reconstructed from `leaves` and sibling nodes in `proof`. The reconstruction
     * proceeds by incrementally reconstructing all inner nodes by combining a leaf/inner node with either another
     * leaf/inner node or a proof sibling node, depending on whether each `proofFlags` item is true or false
     * respectively.
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all Merkle trees admit multiproofs. To use multiproofs, it is sufficient to ensure that: 1) the tree
     * is complete (but not necessarily perfect), 2) the leaves to be proven are in the opposite order they are in the
     * tree (i.e., as seen from right to left starting at the deepest layer and continuing at the next layer).
     */
    function processMultiProof(
        bytes32[] memory proof,
        bool[] memory proofFlags,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
        // This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
        // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
        // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
        // the Merkle tree.
        uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
        uint256 proofLen = proof.length;
        uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;

        // Check proof validity.
        if (leavesLen + proofLen != totalHashes + 1) {
            revert MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
        }

        // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
        // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
        bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
        uint256 leafPos = 0;
        uint256 hashPos = 0;
        uint256 proofPos = 0;
        // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
        // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
        //   get the next hash.
        // - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
        //   `proof` array.
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
            bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
            bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
                ? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
                : proof[proofPos++];
            hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
        }

        if (totalHashes > 0) {
            if (proofPos != proofLen) {
                revert MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
            }
            unchecked {
                return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
            }
        } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
            return leaves[0];
        } else {
            return proof[0];
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {processMultiProof}.
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all Merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
     */
    function processMultiProofCalldata(
        bytes32[] calldata proof,
        bool[] calldata proofFlags,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
        // This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
        // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
        // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
        // the Merkle tree.
        uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
        uint256 proofLen = proof.length;
        uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;

        // Check proof validity.
        if (leavesLen + proofLen != totalHashes + 1) {
            revert MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
        }

        // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
        // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
        bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
        uint256 leafPos = 0;
        uint256 hashPos = 0;
        uint256 proofPos = 0;
        // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
        // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
        //   get the next hash.
        // - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
        //   `proof` array.
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
            bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
            bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
                ? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
                : proof[proofPos++];
            hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
        }

        if (totalHashes > 0) {
            if (proofPos != proofLen) {
                revert MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
            }
            unchecked {
                return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
            }
        } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
            return leaves[0];
        } else {
            return proof[0];
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sorts the pair (a, b) and hashes the result.
     */
    function _hashPair(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32) {
        return a < b ? _efficientHash(a, b) : _efficientHash(b, a);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Implementation of keccak256(abi.encode(a, b)) that doesn't allocate or expand memory.
     */
    function _efficientHash(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32 value) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, a)
            mstore(0x20, b)
            value := keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/MessageHashUtils.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Strings} from "../Strings.sol";

/**
 * @dev Signature message hash utilities for producing digests to be consumed by {ECDSA} recovery or signing.
 *
 * The library provides methods for generating a hash of a message that conforms to the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191[EIP 191] and https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712]
 * specifications.
 */
library MessageHashUtils {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
     * `0x45` (`personal_sign` messages).
     *
     * The digest is calculated by prefixing a bytes32 `messageHash` with
     * `"\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32"` and hashing the result. It corresponds with the
     * hash signed when using the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`] JSON-RPC method.
     *
     * NOTE: The `messageHash` parameter is intended to be the result of hashing a raw message with
     * keccak256, although any bytes32 value can be safely used because the final digest will
     * be re-hashed.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 messageHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32") // 32 is the bytes-length of messageHash
            mstore(0x1c, messageHash) // 0x1c (28) is the length of the prefix
            digest := keccak256(0x00, 0x3c) // 0x3c is the length of the prefix (0x1c) + messageHash (0x20)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
     * `0x45` (`personal_sign` messages).
     *
     * The digest is calculated by prefixing an arbitrary `message` with
     * `"\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n" + len(message)` and hashing the result. It corresponds with the
     * hash signed when using the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`] JSON-RPC method.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory message) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(bytes.concat("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", bytes(Strings.toString(message.length)), message));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
     * `0x00` (data with intended validator).
     *
     * The digest is calculated by prefixing an arbitrary `data` with `"\x19\x00"` and the intended
     * `validator` address. Then hashing the result.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toDataWithIntendedValidatorHash(address validator, bytes memory data) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(hex"19_00", validator, data));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-712 typed data (EIP-191 version `0x01`).
     *
     * The digest is calculated from a `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`, by prefixing them with
     * `\x19\x01` and hashing the result. It corresponds to the hash signed by the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`] JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, hex"19_01")
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x02), domainSeparator)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x22), structHash)
            digest := keccak256(ptr, 0x42)
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Context} from "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * The initial owner is set to the address provided by the deployer. This can
 * later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    /**
     * @dev The caller account is not authorized to perform an operation.
     */
    error OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address account);

    /**
     * @dev The owner is not a valid owner account. (eg. `address(0)`)
     */
    error OwnableInvalidOwner(address owner);

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the address provided by the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor(address initialOwner) {
        if (initialOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(initialOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        if (owner() != _msgSender()) {
            revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        if (newOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 *
 * ==== Security Considerations
 *
 * There are two important considerations concerning the use of `permit`. The first is that a valid permit signature
 * expresses an allowance, and it should not be assumed to convey additional meaning. In particular, it should not be
 * considered as an intention to spend the allowance in any specific way. The second is that because permits have
 * built-in replay protection and can be submitted by anyone, they can be frontrun. A protocol that uses permits should
 * take this into consideration and allow a `permit` call to fail. Combining these two aspects, a pattern that may be
 * generally recommended is:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function doThingWithPermit(..., uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public {
 *     try token.permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s) {} catch {}
 *     doThing(..., value);
 * }
 *
 * function doThing(..., uint256 value) public {
 *     token.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), value);
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Observe that: 1) `msg.sender` is used as the owner, leaving no ambiguity as to the signer intent, and 2) the use of
 * `try/catch` allows the permit to fail and makes the code tolerant to frontrunning. (See also
 * {SafeERC20-safeTransferFrom}).
 *
 * Additionally, note that smart contract wallets (such as Argent or Safe) are not able to produce permit signatures, so
 * contracts should have entry points that don't rely on permit.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     *
     * CAUTION: See Security Considerations above.
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
     */
    error AddressInsufficientBalance(address account);

    /**
     * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
     */
    error AddressEmptyCode(address target);

    /**
     * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
     */
    error FailedInnerCall();

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        if (address(this).balance < amount) {
            revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
        }

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        if (!success) {
            revert FailedInnerCall();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
     * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
     * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
     * {FailedInnerCall} error.
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        if (address(this).balance < value) {
            revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
        }
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
     * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {FailedInnerCall}) in case of an
     * unsuccessful call.
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
            // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
            if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
            }
            return returndata;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or with a default {FailedInnerCall} error.
     */
    function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            return returndata;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {FailedInnerCall}.
     */
    function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert FailedInnerCall();
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Math} from "./math/Math.sol";
import {SignedMath} from "./math/SignedMath.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant HEX_DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev The `value` string doesn't fit in the specified `length`.
     */
    error StringsInsufficientHexLength(uint256 value, uint256 length);

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), HEX_DIGITS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toStringSigned(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string.concat(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        uint256 localValue = value;
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = HEX_DIGITS[localValue & 0xf];
            localValue >>= 4;
        }
        if (localValue != 0) {
            revert StringsInsufficientHexLength(value, length);
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal
     * representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
     */
    function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return bytes(a).length == bytes(b).length && keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    /**
     * @dev Muldiv operation overflow.
     */
    error MathOverflowedMulDiv();

    enum Rounding {
        Floor, // Toward negative infinity
        Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
        Trunc, // Toward zero
        Expand // Away from zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            if (c < a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b > a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a - b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
            // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
            // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
            if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
            uint256 c = a * b;
            if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     */
    function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a / b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     */
    function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a % b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
     * of rounding towards zero.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (b == 0) {
            // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
            return a / b;
        }

        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
     * denominator == 0.
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
     * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0 = x * y; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            if (denominator <= prod1) {
                revert MathOverflowedMulDiv();
            }

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
            // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
            // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
     * towards zero.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
     */
    function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}

{
  "remappings": [
    "ds-test/=node_modules/ds-test/src/",
    "forge-std/=node_modules/forge-std/src/",
    "openzeppelin/=node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts/",
    "openzeppelin-upgradeable/=node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/",
    "contracts/=src/contracts/",
    "interfaces/=src/interfaces/",
    "@openzeppelin/=node_modules/@openzeppelin/",
    "openzeppelin-foundry-upgrades/=lib/openzeppelin-foundry-upgrades/src/",
    "solhint/=node_modules/solhint/",
    "solidity-stringutils/=lib/openzeppelin-foundry-upgrades/lib/solidity-stringutils/"
  ],
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": true,
    "runs": 10000
  },
  "metadata": {
    "useLiteralContent": false,
    "bytecodeHash": "ipfs",
    "appendCBOR": true
  },
  "outputSelection": {
    "*": {
      "*": [
        "evm.bytecode",
        "evm.deployedBytecode",
        "devdoc",
        "userdoc",
        "metadata",
        "abi"
      ]
    }
  },
  "evmVersion": "paris",
  "viaIR": false,
  "libraries": {}
}

• No Contract Security Audit Submitted- Submit Audit Here

[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"_merkleRoot","type":"bytes32"},{"internalType":"address","name":"_signer","type":"address"},{"internalType":"contract IERC20","name":"_token","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"_staking","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"_owner","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"target","type":"address"}],"name":"AddressEmptyCode","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"account","type":"address"}],"name":"AddressInsufficientBalance","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"AlreadyClaimed","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"ECDSAInvalidSignature","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"length","type":"uint256"}],"name":"ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"s","type":"bytes32"}],"name":"ECDSAInvalidSignatureS","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"FailedInnerCall","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"InvalidNewSigner","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"InvalidProof","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"InvalidSigner","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"InvalidToken","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"}],"name":"OwnableInvalidOwner","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"account","type":"address"}],"name":"OwnableUnauthorizedAccount","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"token","type":"address"}],"name":"SafeERC20FailedOperation","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"ZeroAmount","type":"error"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"_account","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"_amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Claimed","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"_account","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"_amount","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"_lockupPeriod","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"_timestamp","type":"uint256"}],"name":"ClaimedAndStaked","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"_owner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"contract IERC20","name":"_token","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"_amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"DustCollected","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"_owner","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"_amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"EmergencyWithdrawn","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"previousOwner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"newOwner","type":"address"}],"name":"OwnershipTransferStarted","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"previousOwner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"newOwner","type":"address"}],"name":"OwnershipTransferred","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"_oldSigner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"_newSigner","type":"address"}],"name":"SignerUpdated","type":"event"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MERKLE_ROOT","outputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"","type":"bytes32"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"STAKING","outputs":[{"internalType":"contract IStaking","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"TOKEN","outputs":[{"internalType":"contract IERC20","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"acceptOwnership","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"bytes32[]","name":"merkleProof","type":"bytes32[]"},{"internalType":"bytes","name":"signature","type":"bytes"}],"name":"claim","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"bytes32[]","name":"merkleProof","type":"bytes32[]"},{"internalType":"bytes","name":"signature","type":"bytes"},{"internalType":"uint32","name":"lockupPeriod","type":"uint32"}],"name":"claimAndStake","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"contract IERC20","name":"token","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"collectDust","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"emergencyWithdraw","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"name":"hasClaimed","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"owner","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"pendingOwner","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"renounceOwnership","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"signer","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"newOwner","type":"address"}],"name":"transferOwnership","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"newSigner","type":"address"}],"name":"updateSigner","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"}]

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3aa51c5303c59261049dd0ef0ed2ddd2d114a93cb395b5ee5652c8b258c62e240000000000000000000000000842e2bd0ae0c39649055270194c2a76ff7c00ea00000000000000000000000088909d489678dd17aa6d9609f89b0419bf78fd9a0000000000000000000000008e02d37b6cad86039bdd11095b8c879b907f7d1000000000000000000000000049a941d7d7d40f340fabb17d25a9e2a76b72fac6

-----Decoded View---------------
Arg [0] : _merkleRoot (bytes32): 0x3aa51c5303c59261049dd0ef0ed2ddd2d114a93cb395b5ee5652c8b258c62e24
Arg [1] : _signer (address): 0x0842e2bD0ae0c39649055270194C2a76Ff7C00ea
Arg [2] : _token (address): 0x88909D489678dD17aA6D9609F89B0419Bf78FD9a
Arg [3] : _staking (address): 0x8E02d37b6Cad86039BDd11095b8c879B907F7D10
Arg [4] : _owner (address): 0x49a941d7D7D40f340FAbb17d25a9E2A76B72fAC6

-----Encoded View---------------
5 Constructor Arguments found :
Arg [0] : 3aa51c5303c59261049dd0ef0ed2ddd2d114a93cb395b5ee5652c8b258c62e24
Arg [1] : 0000000000000000000000000842e2bd0ae0c39649055270194c2a76ff7c00ea
Arg [2] : 00000000000000000000000088909d489678dd17aa6d9609f89b0419bf78fd9a
Arg [3] : 0000000000000000000000008e02d37b6cad86039bdd11095b8c879b907f7d10
Arg [4] : 00000000000000000000000049a941d7d7d40f340fabb17d25a9e2a76b72fac6